B.

GRAMMAR:
TENSES Present Simple Present Cont. Present Perfect Pre. Per. Cont. Past Simple Past Cont. Past Perfect Past Per. Cont. Future Simple Future Cont. Future Perfect Fut. Per. Cont. Fut. of Intention Modal Modal Perfect Inf. Passive Gerund Passive Perfect Passive

THE PASSIVE VOICE

S + BE + P.P. + BY
ACTIVE PASSIVE So + IS/ AM/ ARE + PP + (by Os). Eg. My homework is done (by me). So + IS/ AM/ ARE + BEING + PP. Eg. My homework is being done now. So + HAVE/ HAS + BEEN + PP. Eg. My homework has been done. So + HAVE/ HAS BEEN + BEING + PP. Eg. My homework has been being done. So + WAS/ WERE + PP. Eg. My homework was done yesterday. So + WAS/ WERE + BEING + PP. Eg. My hw was being done at that time. So + HAD + BEEN + PP. Eg. My homework had been done then. So + HAD + BEEN + BEING + PP. Eg. My homework had been being done. So + WILL / SHALL + BE + PP. Eg. My homework will be done tomorrow. So + WILL + HAVE + BEEN + PP. Eg. My hw will have been done by next Fri. So + IS/AM/ARE +GOING TO+ BE + PP. Eg. My homework is going to be done. So + MODAL+ BE + PP. Eg. My homework must be done now. So + WOULD + HAVE + BEEN + PP. Eg. My hw would have been done. S + V + O + TO BE + PP. Eg. I want your homework to be done. S + V + BEING + PP. Eg. I dont like being laughed at by people. S + V + O + TO HAVE BEEN + PP. Eg. I wish my hw to have been done. S + V + O + HAVING BEEN + PP. Eg. I regret my hw not having been done. S2 + BE + PPV1 + TO V2 + O. IT + BE + PPV1 + THAT + S2 + V2 + O2. Eg.1.John is said to get the award.

I. PASSIVE VOICE IN DIFFERENT TENSES: + O.

S + V + O. Eg. I do my homework. S + IS/ AM/ ARE + VING + O. Eg. I am doing my homework now. S + HAVE/ HAS + PP + O. Eg. I have done my homework. S+ HAVE/ HAS BEEN +VING + O. Eg. I have been doing my homework. S + V ed/II + O. Eg. I did my homework yesterday. S + WAS/ WERE + VING + O. Eg. I was doing my hw at that time. S + HAD + PP + O. Eg. I had done my homework then. S + HAD + BEEN + VING+ O. Eg. I had been doing my homework. S + WILL/ SHALL + V + O. Eg. I will do my homework tomorrow. S + WILL + BE + V ing + O. S + WILL + HAVE + PP + O. Eg. I will have done my hw by next Fri. S +WILL+ HAVE +BEEN+VING+ O. S + IS/AM/ARE +GOING TO+ V + O. Eg. I am going to do my homework. S + MODAL + V + O. Eg. I must do my homework now. S + WOULD/COULD+HAVE+PP +O. Eg. I would have done my homework. S + V + O + TO V + O. Eg. I want you to do your homework. S + V + O + V ING + O. Eg. I dont like people laughing at me. S + V + TO HAVE + PP + O. Eg. I wish to have done my hw. S + V + HAVING + PP + O. Eg. I regret not having done my hw. S1 + V1+ THAT + S2 + V2 + O. Eg. People say that John gets the

award. 2. It is said that John gets the award. We change a sentence from active to passive voice in the following way: The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. We use the verb to be in the same form as the verb in the active sentence. We use the past participle of the main verb in the active sentence. We use by if we want to say who performed the action. Eg. chef. S V O So be + P.P. by + Os She trains the guide dogs. The guide dogs are trained by her. S V O So be + P.P. by + Os The head chef prepared the sauces. The sauces were prepared by the head

II. PASSIVE VOICE IN OTHER STRUCTURES:

1. PASSIVE VOICE WITH CAUSATIVE VERBS: a. With HAVE: Eg. Active: = Passive: b. With GET: Eg. Active: = Passive: c. With LET: or: Eg. Active: = Passive: Active: S + HAVE + O(person) + V + O(thing). = Passive: S + HAVE + O(thing) + P P + by + O(person). I have my sister clean the floor. I have the floor cleaned by my sister. Active: = Passive: S + GET + O(person) + TO V + O(thing). S + GET + O(thing) + P. P. + by + O(person).

I get my sister to clean the floor. I get the floor cleaned by my sister. Active: = Passive: S + LET + O(person) + V. S(person) + BE + LET + V .

S(person) + BE + ALLOWED + TO V. They let me go. I was let go. / I was allowed to go.

2. PASSIVE VOICE WITH VERBS OF PERCEPTION: see, watch, hear, notice, observe, .. Active: = Passive: Eg. Active: = Passive: Active: S + V + O(person) + V / Ving. S(person) + be P.P. + TO V + by O. I saw the boy steal your apples. The boy was seen to steal your apples. S1 + V1 + THAT + S2 + V2.

3. PASSIVE VOICE WITH REPORTING VERBS: = Passive 1: S2 + BE + P.P.V1 + TO V2. = Passive 2: IT + BE + P.P.V1 + THAT + S2 + V2. Eg. Active: People say that the boy steals your apples. = Passive 1: The boy is said to steal your apples. = Passive 2: It is said that the boy steals your apples. 4. PASSIVE VOICE IN IMPERATIVE SENTENCES: a. Affirmative: Active: Eg. Active: = Passive: b. Negative: Active: P.P. Eg. Active: = Passive: Active: = Passive: Eg. Active: = Passive: PRACTICE: I. Choose the correct answers. Active or Passive? 1. The teacher the lesson at the moment. Dont write your name here. Dont let your name be written here. S + CONTINUE / BEGIN / START + To V / Ving + O2. S + CONTINUE / BEGIN / START + TO BE + P.P + by O. I will continue to use this old laptop. This old laptop will continue to be used (by me). DONT + V + O, (please). = Passive: DONT + LET + O + BE + V + O, (please). = Passive: LET + O + BE + P.P. Write your name here. Let your name be written here.

5. PASSIVE VOICE WITH CONTINUE, BEGIN, START:

2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

A. is explaining B. is being explained The patients . by Dr. Brown this morning. A. were examined B. examined I do this exercise quickly. A. cant be done B. cant do They you several questions. A. will ask B. will be asked You several questions by the policemen. A. will ask B. will be asked That silly thing shouldnt .. . A. do B. be done Peoples weapons . at once. A. must hand in B. must be handed in

8. Tom .. for further questioning by the police. A. is holding B. is being held 9. We have to the bill before the forst of the month. A. pay B. be paid 10. . the clown .. you laugh a lot last night? A. Did make B. Was made 11. Cant do anything about the situation? - Yes, something right now. A. is doing B. is being done C. is done D. has been doing 12. Are you interested in scuba diving? Yes, very much. Undersea world is .. . A. fascinated B. fascinating C. being fascinating D. being fascinated 13. The school . by private funds as well as by union income and grants. A. supports B. is supported C. is supporting D. has supported 14. The victims with food and clothes by charity organizations. A. have provided B. are providing C. have been providing D. have been provided 15. How did that window ? I dont know. A. break B. broke C. broken D. be broken II. Rewrite each sentence as directed so that it has the same meaning as the original one. 1. Jane will complete the book report tomorrow. The book report . 2. The hurricane totally destroyed the town. The town

3. The children are going to organize a party. A party 4. They didnt buy anything from the supermarket. Nothing 5. We could have taken the car to the garage yesterday. The car . III. Change these active sentences into passive. 1. People speak English and French in Canada. . 2. Ms. Green is cooking dinner in the kitchen. . 3. These boys made that loud noise. . 4. I cant lift this heavy box. . 5. Janet has finished her assignment. . 6. Nobody has locked the front door. . 7. The children had eaten all the food when I came home. . 8. They will build a supermarket here. . 9. I will have completed my second novel before next Christmas.

 . 10. We are going to hold a big sport event next year. . 11. We continue to use our present natural resources. . 12. People thinh that the education system in England is very good. . 13. Please check your papers carefully. . 14. Dont make this mistake again. . 15. People started to built a canal across the area last month. . IV. Change these passive sentences into active. 1. The President is called every morning. . 2. Your papers must be handed in in time. . 3. Your ID has to be shown to the officer. . 4. The house was built 200 years ago. . 5. We often have our car repaired at this garage. .