Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PHN TCH V
TNH TON LI IN
PSS/ADEPT
The Power System Simulator/Advanced
Distribution Engineering Productivity TooL
Phn 1
Kin thc chun b
S DNG PHN MM
PHN TCH V TNH
TON LI IN
PSS/ADEPT
Bin son-Trnh by:
Nguyn Hu Phc
ng Anh Tun
Ch bin:
PGS. TS. Nguyn Hu Phc
Li ni u
Li in phn phi v truyn ti khng ngng pht trin m rng v qui
m cng nh phc tp. Theo , cc yu cu cung cp in lin tc cho khch
hng vi cht lng in nng ngy cng cao cng gia tng. Thit b trn li
in phn phi hin nay vn c c im l a dng v chng loi, phc tp v
cu to. Qu trnh vn hnh nhm thc hin nhng thao tc mang tnh lp i lp
li nhiu ln nhng li i hi chnh xc cao v vy rt cn thit phi t ng
ha bng cch a nhiu thit b t ng, x l thng tin t ng nhm tng kh
nng truyn t v x l thng tin. Bng my tnh v cc phn mm chuyn dng
chng ta c th ngn chn trc v hn ch hng hc trong qu trnh vn hnh
li in. Nhng thnh tu mi v Cng ngh Thng tin nh v kh nng lu tr
ca phn cng, tc tnh ton, cc phng php h chuyn gia, mng
neuron, cung cp nhng phng tin v cng c mnh tng cng nghin
cu m rng ng dng trong lnh vc in nng. m bo v gi vng mi lin
h hu c ca cc thnh phn trong h thng sn xut truyn ti, phn phi v s
dng in nng.
p ng kp thi cc yu cu trn, t thng 01-2005 Tng cng ty in
lc Vit Nam (EVN) trc y, nay l Tp on in lc Vit Nam ch o
p dng th im phn mm PSS/ADEPT tnh ton li in theo a bn do
cc n v trc thuc qun l.
Phn mm PSS/ADEPT c pht trin dnh cho cc k s v nhn vin k
thut trong ngnh in. N c s dng nh mt cng c thit k v phn
tch li in phn phi. PSS/ADEPT cng cho php chng ta thit k, chnh sa
v phn tch s li v cc m hnh li in mt cch trc quan theo giao
din ha vi s nt khng gii hn. Thng 04-2004, hng Shaw Power
Technologies cho ra i phin bn PSS/ADEPT 5.0 vi nhiu tnh nng b
sung v cp nht y cc thng s thc t ca cc phn t trn li in.
Cng ty in lc 2-Tp on in lc Vit Nam (EVN) phi hp cng
Khoa in-in t trng i hc Bch Khoa thnh ph H Ch Minh nghin
cu p dng phn mm ny. Cng ty in lc 2 thc hin tp hun cho cc n
v trc thuc nhm trang b kh nng s dng phn mm chun tnh ton v phn
tch li in da trn phn mm PSS/ADEPT. iu ny, nhm gip Cng ty
in lc 2 tng bc h thng ho, chun ho kin thc p dng tnh ton v
in trong cc hot ng ca Cng ty nht l cng tc qun l k thut vn hnh
li in. u tin l cc bi ton: phn b cng sut trn li, ngn mch, b
II
Tm tt ni dung
Gio trnh ny c bin son phc v cho cc bui tp hun s dng phn
mm phn tch v tnh ton li in PSS/ADEPT 5.0. Gio trnh gm cc phn:
Phn 1: Kin thc chun b yu cu-n tp kin thc
Phn 2: Hng dn s dng PSS/ADEPT
Phn 3: Cc k nng s dng phn mm PSS/ADEPT-Phn cn bn
Phn 4: Cc k nng s dng phn mm PSS/ADEPT-Phn nng cao
hc vin cc n v nm bt v p dng nhanh, cn c thm cc phn:
Phn 5: Cm nang s dng
Phn 6: Thut ng Anh-Vit i chiu qua cc slide bi ging phn
mm PSS/ADEPT
Phn 7: Cc slide bi ging ca chuyn gia PTI software.
Ngoi ra cn c Gio trnh in t lu tr trn a CD-ROM: Gm cc ti
liu a phng tin (Multimedia) h tr thm cho cc hc vin chun b bi hc
trc khi ln lp, n tp sau kha hc v a phng cng tc. c thc hin
bng k thut lp trnh Web v x l Multimedia (dng phim c m thanh, Web
page,)
Cc chng trnh chuyn i:
1. Chng trnh Chuyn Excel DAT File.
2. Chng trnh Chuyn DAT File Excel.
3. Chng trnh x l s liu u vo
4. Chng trnh Tnh Cng Sut Ngun.
5. Chng trnh Tnh Tng Tr My Bin Th.
6. Chng trnh chia s PSS/ADEPT qua mng LAN, WAN v internet
7. H thng cc bi tp trc nghim trn my tnh sut kho hc
8. Chng trnh thi kt thc kho hc bng trc nghim trc tip trn my
tnh
V cc CD-ROM:
-CD1: Gio trnh in t h tr
-CD2: Cc bi ging v bi tp
III
-CD3: D liu li in
-CD4: D liu li in (tt) v source cc chng trnh h PSS/*
-CD5: Cc chng trnh h tr kho hc
Gm cc ti nguyn hc tp nh: ti liu tham kho, Users Guide, website
PTI (offline, xem khng cn kt ni internet), web documents, source software
PSS/ADEPT and untilities, cc phn mm chuyn i d liu v demo phc v
ng dng tnh ton bng PSS/ADEPT,
Qua kinh nghip tp hun v gip cc hc vin thuc cc n v in lc
p dng nhanh phn mm PSS/ADEPT. Chng ti ch trng chnh vo 4 mc
tiu p dng trin khai PSS/ADEPT nh sau:
Thit lp thng s mng li
Program, network settings
To s
Creating diagrams
BO CO
Reports, diagrams
IV
VI
Ch
Lin quan
V d, bi tp
Lu tp tin v d mu
D liu mu c sn trn CD-ROM/DATA
Ht chng !
VII
Ht chng
Mc lc tng qut
Phn Mt: Kin thc chun b
CHNG 1: M HNH LI IN
CHNG 2 PHN B CNG SUT
CHNG 3: NGN MCH
CHNG 4: BI TON KHI NG NG C V XC NH IM DNG TI U
CHNG 5: PHI HP BO V
CHNG 6: SNG HI
CHNG 7: XC NH V TR B TI U
CHNG 8: NH GI TIN CY
CHNG 9: CC VN KHC CA LI IN PHN PHI
Phn Hai: Hng dn s dng phn mm
CHNG 1: HNG DN CI T PHN MM PSS/ADEPT
CHNG 2: HNG DN S DNG PHN MM PSS/ADEPT
PH LC 1: M HNH XUT TUYN DY C LP
PH LC 2: NGUYN TC PHN PHI
PH LC 3: KIU D LIU
Phn Ba: K nng p dng-Phn c bn
CHNG 1: D LIU CHUN B
CHNG 2: CC BC THC HIN
CHNG 3: MT S KT QU P DNG
Phn Bn: Cm nang s dng
Phn Nm: K nng p dng-Phn nng cao
CHNG 1: X L S LIU
CHNG 2: B SUNG CC THNG S VO PHN MM
CHNG 3: BIU DIN, PHN TCH V NH GI KT QU TNH TON H TR
RA QUYT NH
CHNG 4: C KT KINH NGHIM P DNG TI MT S LI IN CA CC
IN LC KHU VC
CHNG 5: QUN L V TNH TON LI IN PHN PHI TRN NN H
THNG THNG TIN A L
CHNG 6: M PHNG VN HNH LI IN
CHNG 7: GII PHP CHIA S KHA CNG PHN MM TRN MY N CHO
NHIU NGI S DNG
CHNG 8: TM HIU MT S PHN MM PHN TCH LI IN KHC
Phn Su: Thut ng Anh-Vit i chiu qua cc slide bi ging
Phn By: Cc slide bi ging ca PTI software
VIII
PSS/ADEPT
Phn Mt
Kin thc chun b
01
III. Phng php tnh phn b cng sut ca phn mm PSS/ADEPT 5.0 .... 45
III.1.1. Ngun .............................................................................................................. 46
III.1.2. Dy v cp ....................................................................................................... 46
III.1.3. My bin th .................................................................................................... 46
III.1.4. M hnh my in............................................................................................ 47
II. Phng php tnh ngn mch ca phn mm PSS/ADEPT 5.0 ................. 58
II.1.1. Ngun................................................................................................................ 58
II.1.2. ung dy v cp ............................................................................................. 58
II.1.3. My bin p ...................................................................................................... 59
II. Phng php tnh sng hi ca phn mm PSS/ADEPT 5.0 ................... 126
II.1. Phng php phn tch .......................................................................................... 126
II.1.1. Ti tnh ............................................................................................................ 126
II.1.2. ng c khng ng b.................................................................................. 128
II.1.3. ng c ng b............................................................................................. 129
II.1.4. T in mc shunt........................................................................................... 130
II.1.5. ng cy v cp ........................................................................................... 131
II.1.6. My bin p .................................................................................................... 133
II.2. Tnh ton sng hi.................................................................................................. 134
II.2.1. Tng dn v tng tr....................................................................................... 134
II.2.2. Tnh ton sng hi........................................................................................... 135
III. Cc phng php tnh ton tn tht p dng ti cc Cng ty in lc... 193
III.1. Tng qut:............................................................................................................. 193
III.2. Mt s phng php tnh tn tht in nng cho li in phn phi:................ 194
III.2.1. Cc phng php tnh ton:........................................................................... 195
III.2.2. nh gi cc phng php tnh ton: ............................................................ 198
CHNG 1:
M HNH LI IN
CHNG 1:
M HNH LI IN
Phn mm PSS/ADEPT 5.0 l cng c hiu qu gip cho cc n v in lc
phn tch v tnh ton li in trn a bn qun l. Qa trnh p dng phn mm
cho thy, phn mm s dng rt tt cho cc qui trnh phn tch li in phn phi.
Chng u ca gio trnh tp trung gii thiu hai ch chnh l li in
phn phi v m hnh th hin cc phn t ca li in phn phi trong phn
mm. Phn kin thc v li phn phi tr nn rt quen thuc vi cc in lc
khu vc thuc cc Cng ty in lc, do vy c trnh by ngn gn. Phn m hnh
ho cc phn t li in c trnh by chi tit. Khi kin thc ny rt quan
trng, gip chng ta bc u tm hiu v qu trnh m hnh ho v li in trn
my tnh. m bo tnh chnh xc v mt ton hc trong qu trnh m phng khng
ch trn my tnh m cn th hin y cc tnh cht v in hc ca m hnh
phn t li in c m phng.
M hnh ha v m phng bng my tnh ang l mt k thut c p dng
cho tt c cc ngnh khoa hc k thut v kinh t. Nu trc kia vic thit lp mt
m hnh, trin khai cc d ton, tnh ton thng k v trnh by s liu, i hi c
kin thc v ton ng dng nhiu, gii cc phng trnh vi phn, tnh cc tnh tch
phn, cc phng php thng k th hin nay vi s gip ca my tnh v nht l
cc ngn ng lp trnh bc cao (nh Matlab, Mapple), cc kin thc ton ny
tch hp hon ton trong cc hm v lnh ca cc ngn ng, to iu kin cho
ngi dng tip cn trc tip v tp trung vo vn mnh nghin cu m khng
phi dnh qu nhiu thi gian cho k thut lp trnh hay cng c ton l thuyt.
Hin nay c hai phng php m phng m hnh ha cc phn t trong k thut
m hnh ha bng my tnh. l m phng qua m hnh tnh ton v qua m hnh
ha trc quan. V phng php m phng qua m hnh tnh ton ch cho php
ngi dng thit k thnh nhng s n tuyn, thng dng trong cc phn mm
k thut, i hi ngi s dng c nhng hiu bit c bn v lnh vc h ang
nghin cu. i vi m phng qua m hnh ha trc quan th ngc li, phn
ln cc phn mm i theo hng ny tp trung vo tnh ph bin, d s dng cho
ngi dng. Tuy nhin, c hai phng php u c c im chung l ngi dng
ch cn tp trung su vo cc ni dung k thut v thut ton gii bi ton. iu
ny lm cho nhiu ngi khng c chuyn mn su v cng ngh thng tin c th
gii quyt nhng vn ca chuyn mn mnh bng my tnh.
Phn mm PSS/ADEPT s dng phng php m phng qua m hnh tnh
ton. Cc phn t trn li in c m hnh ch nhng ngi lm vic trong
ngnh mi s dng uc. Ngi s dng ch cn hiu su v vn k thut v cc
thut ton v tnh ton phn b cng sut, ngn mch, b cng sut v.v..V l
th mnh ca cc phng php m phng thng qua cc m hnh bng my tnh.
I. Li in phn phi
Li h thng: Li h thng bao gm cc ng dy ti in v trm bin
p khu vc, ni lin cc nh my in to thnh h thng in, c cc c im:
- Li c nhiu mch vng kn khi ngt in bo qun ng dy hoc s
c l n 2 ng dy vn m bo lin lc h thng.
Vn hnh kn bo m lin lc thng xuyn v chc chn gia cc nh
my in vi nhau v vi ph ti.
- in p t l10 kV n 500 kV.
Li truyn ti: Li truyn ti lm nhim v ti in t cc trm khu vc
n cc trm trung gian (TTG). Cc c im ca li truyn ti:
- S kn c d phng: 2 l song song, c d phng li phn phi. Vn
hnh h v l do hn ch dng ngn mch. c thit b t ng ngun d tr khi s
c. in p 35, l10, 220 kV.
Thc hin bng ng dy trn khng l chnh, trong cc trng hp khng
th lm ng dy trn khng th dng cp ngm. Phi bo qun nh k hng nm.
Li phn phi: Li phn phi lm nhim v phn phi in nng t cc
trm trung gian (hoc TKV hoc thanh ci nh my in) cho cc ph ti.
+ Li phn phi gm 2 phn
- Li phn phi trung p c in p 6,10,15,22kV phn phi in cho cc
trm phn phi trung p / h p v cc ph ti trung p.
Li h p cp in cho cc ph ti h p 380/220 V.
i tng quan tm chnh ca gio trnh tp hun ny l li in phn phi,
sau y trnh by kin thc n tp v li in phn phi.
Hnh 1: S khi cp in p
Hnh 5: Trm h th
m bo cung cp in tiu th t gy ra mt in nht. Bng cc bin php c
th nh c th c nhiu ngun cung cp, c ng dy d phng, c ngun thay th
nh my pht
Li in phn phi vn hnh d dng linh hot v ph hp vi vic pht trin
li in trong tng lai.
m bo cht lng in nng cao nht v n nh tn s v n nh in
p. bin thin in p cho php l 5% Um
m bo chi ph duy tu, bo dng l nh nht.
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
My ct ng dy
pha s cp
Trm bin p
pha th cp
Cp truyn ti
11
12
My ct chnh
pha s cp
My ct phn on
52
My ct chnh
pha s cp
52
52
52
52
52
NC NO
NC
52
NC
Mch vng
NC NC
NO
NC
NC
NC
II.1. Nt
Tt c cc mi ni ca thit b c qui nh l nt. Mi nt trong m hnh
h thng PSS/ADEPT bao gm:
im trung tnh (nu c ni t)
Ba, hai, hay mt im ca pha A, B, v C
14
Hnh 8: M hnh nt
Mi im nt phi c t mt tn c t mt n tm k t. Tn ny c
th l s, s v ch, hay mt chui k t. Tn nt c th c t theo s nht
qun vi c s d liu ca ngi s dng. Tn nt khng c din dch v s
lng hay ch v mc ch bo co hay lit k danh sch d liu.Ngoi ra, th t
lit k cc nt c qui nh bng cch lit k chng mt cch tun t trong file d
liu th ba pha. Th t tn nt c lit k trong file s thc hin vic thit lp th
t tn nt lit k trong bo co, v nh hng n th t nhnh r trong bn s
topo v c gii thch trong phn k.
II.2. Ngun
Nhiu ngun c th c s dng cng lc trong PSS/ADEPT. Tuy nhin, h
thng phi c t mt ngun hot ng (chng hn, mt nt c bin in p th t
thun l hng s v gc l hng s). Ngun l tp hp cc ngun p ni sao cn
bng c ni t c nh ti im trung tnh. Ngun c tng tr sao cho n c
dng th t thun v khng.
Trong bi ton phn b cng sut, ngun c xem l c in p hng s
trong th t thun, b qua tng tr th t thun. Trong tnh ton khi ng ng c
v ngn mch, ngun c xem l c in p hng s sau khi nhp vo tng tr
trong th t thun. Tng tr th t nghch v khng c s dng cho tt c cc
tnh ton.
II.2.1. Nhiu ngun hot ng
V d khi ngi s dng PSS/ADEPT mun phn tch h thng c nhiu hn
mt mt ngun hot ng, chng hn, trong nghin cu k hoch phn phi. Mc
d PSS/ADEPT ch cho php mt ngun hot ng th c vi k thut m hnh h
thng c nhiu ngun hot ng.
15
16
II.3. Ph ti
Ph ti chnh l cc khch hng s dng in. C 2 loi: ph ti 1 pha v ph ti
3 pha v c biu din nh hnh 11 di y:
17
II.4. T b
Chng ta kho st t b ngang nh sau:
T b ngang dng gim st p trong mt vng xc nh bng cch pht
cng sut khng ln ng dy. Ngoi ra, b ngang cn lm tng kh nng truyn
ti trn li, gim tn tht cng sut v nng cao h s cng sut.
Cc t b ngang thng c lp t thnh cc gin t b v d dng trong vic
ng ct cc t khi vn hnh li in.
T b ngang 3 pha c 2 cch u ni l sao v tam gic Y. Trong trng hp
u Y, trung tnh c ni vi tr khng t Rg+jXg
II.5. ng dy
on dy chy gia hai nt. Mt on dy lun bao gm t nht mt dy pha.
N c th c mt, hai, hay ba dy pha. Mt on dy thng bao gm mt dy
trung tnh, nhng dy trung tnh c th khng c trong trng hp ca h thng
khng c ni t.
ng dy truyn ti c qui nh bng cc tng tr i xng th t thun
v khng, v bng cc gi tr np th t thun v khng. V vy, tnh bt i xng
ca ng dy truyn ti do v tr ca cc dy dn trn tr khng c th r rng i
vi PSS/ADEPT; ng hn l tt c cc ng dy c gi thit l c hon v
hay cc dy dn c t sao cho c th b qua s bt i xng.
18
Hnh 13 M hnh cc ng dy
II.6. My bin th
PSS/ADEPT c kh nng m hnh nhiu loi kt ni my bin th k c my
bin th lc, my bin th t ngu, b iu p v my bin th ba cun dy. Mt s
kt ni my bin th l c m hnh ngm trong PSS/ADEPT v c phn bit
bi m LOI my bin th nh c trong hnh 14. i vi mi loi kt ni c
minh ho, PSS/ADEPT chp nhn d liu tng tr th t thun v khng t T in
xy dng hay Tp tin d liu th v t ng s dng cc in p v dng in khi
gii bi ton kt ni my bin th. Ngi s dng c trch nhim qui nh tng tr
m c tng tr tht ca dy my bin th hp l trong cc kt ni c bit.
Cc kt ni my bin th m c th khng c m t trc tip bng mt
trong cc loi c cho trong hnh 14 thng c th c m hnh bng cch kt
hp ca cc m hnh tuyt i. Chng hn, m hnh mt dy my bin th ba pha,
cn thit phi nhn bit c cch m tng my bin th mt pha ring l c kt
19
20
n 2nom
n1
n 1nom
trong
n1nom S ca cc vng dy cun s cp c in p h mch bng vi in
p c bn ca nt s cp vi thng lng nh mc trong my bin th.
n2nom S ca cc vng dy cun th cp c in p h mch bng vi
in p c bn ca nt th cp vi thng lng nh mc trong my bin th.
n1
n2
n 1oc
n 2nom
n 1nom
Trong
V1oc in p tng ng vi v tr nc iu p s cp vi thng lng nh
mc trong my bin th.
21
22
tng ng.
23
24
Hnh 16 M hnh b iu p
My bin th phn phi quy c c tng tr khong 2%. Ngha l, nu th cp ca my
bin th trn b ngt mch, tng tr ca my bin th khong chng 2% trn c s 250
kVA v in p nh mc 0.762 kV.
Nu my bin th c kt ni trong cu hnh t ng, ta c:
25
= 0.18%
250kVA
(8.38kV )2
Gi tr 0.0018 phi c nhp vo i vi khng th t thun (X1) trong PSS/ADEPT
m hnh b iu p ny. Gi thit rng b iu p c ni t c nh, khng th t
khng(X0) s c cng gi tr.
26
ZLH = Zl+Zh
ZLT = Zl+Zt
ZHT = Zh+Zt
Bi ton yu cu l:
Zl = (ZLH+ZLT-ZHT)/2
Zh = (ZLH+ZHT-ZLT)/2
Zt = (ZLT+ZHT-ZLH)/2
Trong tt c cc tng tr l dng n v i vi cng mt c bn kVA.
27
i vi th t khng:
28
II.6.3.3. My bin th ni t
Trong mt h thng khi th cp hon ton c kt ni delta, khng c ti
mt pha v h thng trung tnh ni t khng tn ti. Trong h thng , khi c
ngh phc v ti mt pha, cc my bin th ni t c dng thit lp mt h
thng trung tnh ni t. Hu ht cc loi my bin th ni t thng thng l loi
sao-tam gic hay zig-zag. C hai loi cung cp mt ng dn tng tr thp cho
dng th t khng v ng dn tng tr cao cho s ci t c cn bng cc
dng ba pha v c th m hnh trong PSS/ADEPT dng my bin th lc sao-tam
gic. V tr hnh sao ca my bin th cn phi c kt ni ti h thng delta nh
c minh ha di cung cp ng dn cho dng t. Th cp tam gic ca
dy ni t c th c ti, nhng thng th khng.
Hnh 20 My bin th ni t
Tng pha kVA v bn tn cc tng tr ca my bin th ni t phi c
nhp vo trc tip trong PSS/ADEPT cho cc loi hnh sao tam gic. Tuy nhin cho
cc loi zig-zag, nu kch c kVA l nh mc ca cun dy ring l ca nhnh,
kVA phi c nhn 3 khi nhp vo trong PSS/ADEPT. Cch khc, lun lun
29
nhp vo tng dung lng kVA mt pha ca dy. Cho hai loi my bin th ni t,
bt k tng tr trung tnh no phi c m hnh trong PSS/ADEPT bng cch hiu
chnh tng tr th t khng.
II.6.3.4. My bin th lc 1 pha
My bin th lc mt pha c th c m hnh trong PSS/ADEPT bng cch
dng loi 1(sao-sao), 2 (sao-delta), 3 (delta-sao) hay 11 (delta-delta) v qui nh pha
nhnh thch hp. nh mc mt pha kVA phi c nhp vo trong PSS/ADEPT
vi bn tn cc tng tr. Sau y minh ho vi loi my bin th lc mt pha v
tho lun cch trnh by trong PSS/ADEPT v cc s hn ch t bit c th p
dng:
M hnh my bin th loi 1(sao-sao) v qui nh pha nhnh l pha my bin
th kt ni. Pha nhnh phi l B i vi v d cho. Ghi ch, tt c ti c nui
bi my bin th ny phi c ni t v ch nhp vo trong pha i vi my bin
th c kt ni.
M hnh my bin th loi 3 (tam gic-sao) v qui nh pha nhnh l pha
hin hu pha sao (dy-trung tnh) ca my bin th. Pha nhnh phi l A cho v d
nu v pha AB cn phi tn ti pha s cp ca my bin th.
Tt c ti c nui bi my bin th ny phi c ni t v ch nhp vo
pha c qui nh cho pha nhnh my bin th.
M hnh my bin th loi 2 (sao-tam gic) v qui nh pha nhnh l pha
hin din pha sao (dy-trung tnh) ca my bin th. Pha nhnh phi l A cho v d
nu v pha A phi tn ti pha s cp my bin th.
Tt c ti c nui t phn th cp phi khng c ni t, c kt ni
gia hai pha c ni t my bin th. i vi v d minh ho, ti th cp phi l
loi khng c ni t v ch nhp vo trong pha A.
II.6.3.5. My bin th lc hnh sao m ti tam gic m
Kt ni my bin th hnh sao m ti hnh tam gic m cho php ti ba pha
c phc v bi pht tuyn hai pha ni t nh c trnh by y:
30
II.7. M hnh my in
Cc my in ba pha ng b v khng ng b c th c m hnh r rng
vi PSS/ADEPT. C hai loi c th c thit k nh my pht in hay ng c
bng cch la chn du hiu thch hp cho thng s ti kW trong h s d liu ti
th. Cc c tnh c trng ca my in c m hnh bi PSS/ADEPT phi c
nhp vo trong Tp tin T in D liu My in. Cc loi ti l c dng phn
bit cc loi my in:
Cc loi my in khng ng b:
Loi ti 51 70, 151 170 c nhp vo theo kW
nh mc theo kVA. Loi ti 71 90, 171 190 c nhp vo theo hp c
nh mc theo hp c. Cc loi my ng b. Loi ti 91 99, 191 199
c nhp vo theo kW
nh mc theo kVA
My in c th c m hnh ti nt ba pha trong bt k nhm ti no. My
in c xem nh trc tuyn lc loi ti l dng. Bng cch thm du m loi ti
(chng hn nh -51), my s c xem nh phi trc tuyn.
II.7.1.1. My in ng b
Trong bi ton dng cng sut v sau khi ng ng c ca PSS/ADEPT,
m hnh my ng b (cc loi 90 99 hay 190 199) s gi in p cc bng
hng s ti gi tr ngi s dng qui nh. u ra hay hp thu cng sut phn khng
s c iu chnh tng ng vi in p cc. Nu yu cu phn khng ca m
hnh vt gii hn kh nng phn khng c qui nh, in p cc s c chnh
31
Hnh 22 M hnh my in
Khi ngn mch c a ra vi hu t TR, cc my ng b ang chy c
xem nh c in p hng s pha sau tng tr qu trong th t thun.
32
33
34
35
Hnh 25 Khi ng ng c
Nu cc gi tr mt nh ca tng tr my bin th t ngu v nc iu p
c s dng, ng c c m t khi khi ng vi in p y c p dng cho
cc cc. iu ny thnh thong tham chiu n vic khi ng cho. Ch , my
bin th t ngu c gi s c ngt ra (b qua) trong tnh ton dng cng sut
v ngn mch.
II.7.1.4.1. in p khi khi ng ng c b gim
Khi ng cc my bin th t ngu tng qut c cc nc chuyn i 50%,
65%, v 80% c th c chn gim in p cc ng c di mc bnh thng
trong khi khi ng nhm gim dng ln vo. trnh by nc chuyn i 65%
trong PSS/ADEPT chng hn, mt nc chuyn i 0.65 phi c qui nh khi khi
ng my in.
II.7.1.4.2. Khi ng t mc shunt
Trong mt vi trng hp, cc t mc shunt c ng ct trc tuyn khi
mt ng c bt u c khi ng gim st p trn h thng. Phng php
ny c th c m hnh trong PSS/ADEPT n gin bng cch thm t l mt dy
c nh v ch ng ct trc tuyn. Nu t phi trc tuyn khi tnh ton tin khi
ng v ng vo trc khi tnh ton khi ng. Mt khi ng c chy, t phi
c ngt ra (ci trng thi= 0) cho tnh ton dng cng sut v ngn mch.
II.7.1.4.3. Khi ng mm SCR
Phng php khi ng ny iu khin dng khi ng ng c hay gia tc
vi thit b m t trng thi. Tng tr ng c thc ti im dng c tnh nh l
36
ZLR
(tap )2
Ht chng !
37
CHNG 2:
PHN B CNG SUT
CHNG 2:
PHN B CNG SUT
Chng ta bit rng c ba phng php tnh phn b cng sut thng c s
dng l: phng php Newton-Raphson, phng php phn lp nhanh, v phng
php Gauss-Seidel. Mi phng php c nhng c tnh hi t khc nhau, thng
th ta chn phng php c kh nng thc hin tt nht. Vic la chn phng
php tnh no cn tu thuc vo cu hnh h thng, my pht, c tnh ti v mc
in p ti ban u ti cc nt.
Trong chng ny, chng ta n tp li cc kin thc cn thit phc v cho vic
tm hiu cch gii bi ton phn b cng sut trong phn mm PSS/ADEPT. Cc
kin thc c s v phng php gii bi ton phn b cng sut nh phng trnh
i s phi tuyn, sau l bi ton phn b cng sut trong li in v sau cng
l tm hiu v phng php gii bi ton phn b cng sut trong phn mm
PSS/ADEPT.
Trong bi ton phn b cng sut trong li in thng dng phng trnh
lin lc gia in p nt v dng nt thng qua ma trn tng dn nt. Nu bit
dng nt, c th tm c in p nt. Tuy vy, trong li in thng cho cng
sut hn l dng in. Nh vy, phng trnh lin quan l phng trnh phi tuyn
v l phng trnh phn b cng sut c gii bng phng php lp. Sau y ta
n tp v phng trnh i s phi tuyn.
39
=>
xn = cn + gn(x1,x2,,,xn)
fn(x1,x2,,xn) = cn
Bng phng php lp, ta c c: x1(0); x2(0);; xn(0)
x1(1); x2(1);; xn(1)
Trong phng php Gauss Seldel, cc gi tr mi ca cc n s xi va c
tnh trong cc phng trnh trn lin c thay th ngay vo cc phng trnh k
tip. Hi t s t c khi sai bit gia cc gi tr cn tnh sau so vi ln tnh trc
nh hn mt h s quy nh. C th dng h s gia tc x(k+1) = x(k) + (xi(k+1) xi(k))
40
df
dx
lng
(k)
v i
c f (x ( k ) )
df
dx
(k)
gi l sai s ln
lp th k x(k)
=> Nhn xt:
Phng php hi
t rt nhanh
df
2
= 3(6) 12(6) + 9 = 45
dx
0 [(6) 3 ] 6(6) 2 + 9(6) 4
x(1) = 6 +
= 1.1111
45
ti cui ln lp th 1: x1(1) = x(0) + x(0) = 6 1.1111 = 4.8889
Cc ln lp k tip:
13.4431
x(2) = x(1) + x(1) = 4.8889 = 4.2789
22.037
2.9981
x(3) = x(2) + x(2) = 4.2789 = 4.0405
12.5797
0.3748
x(4) = x(3) + x(3) = 4.0405 = 4.0011
9.4914
0.0095
x(5) = x(4) + x(4) = 4.0011 = 4.000
9.0126
f1 (x 1 , x 2 ,..., x n ) = c1
f (x , x ,..., x ) = c
n
2
Nu c n phng trnh vi n n s: 2 1 2
...
fn (x 1 , x 2 ,..., x n ) = c n
(k)
x
c ( k )
Vi X(k) = 2 = ( k )
J
...
x ( k )
n
c1 (f1 ) ( k )
c 2 ( f2 ) ( k )
(k)
c =
...
c (f ) ( k )
n
41
f ( k )
1
x 1
(k)
f2
J(k) = x
1
... ( k )
fn
x
1
(k)
f1
x 2
(k)
f2
x 2
...
(k)
fn
x 2
...
...
...
...
(k)
f1
x n
(k)
f2
l ma trn Jacobian
x n
...
(k)
fn
x n
j= 0
j=1
Ii = Vi y ij y ij Vj vi j i
Cng sut ti nt i:
Pi + jQi = Vi I *i hay Ii =
Pi jQ i
Vi*
j=1
j=1
Pi jQ i
Vi*
= Vi y ij y ij Vj vi j i
Vi(k+1) =
Sch
jQ *
V*
(k)
(k)
+ y ij Vj
j=1
ij
42
(k)
trong (j i)
Vi PiSch jQiSch: cng sut tc dng v phn khng (vi nt ngun, PiSch
v QiSch c gi tr dng; vi nt ti, PiSch v QiSch c gi tr m
j= 0
j=1
j= 0
j=1
Hay:
Pi
(k+1)
Qi
*( k ) ( k ) n
(k)
= Real Vi [Vi + Yij Vj ]
j=1
j i
n
*( k ) ( k )
(k)
= -Image Vi (Vi Yii + Yij Vj )
j=1
j i
Ii = Vi y ij y ij Vj vi j i
j= 0
Y V vi j c th bng i
j=1
ij
Y
j=1
ij
Vj ij + j
Y
j=1
ij
Vj ij + j
V
j=1
Vj Yij cos( ij i + j )
(1)
43
Qi = - Vi Vj Yij sin( ij i + j )
(2)
j=1
P2 ( k ) 2
...
... Pn ( k )
Pn ( k )
= 2
(k)
Q 2 Q 2 ( k )
...
2
(k)
Q
n
Q ( k )
n
2
...
...
...
...
...
(k)
(k)
P2
n
...
(k)
Pn
n
(k)
Q 2
n
(k)
Q n
2
P2
V2
...
(k)
Pn
V2
(k)
Q 2
V2
(k)
Q n
V2
...
...
...
...
...
(k)
P2
Vn
2 ( k )
...
(k)
...
Pn
( k )
n
Vn
V
(k)
2
Q 2
...
Vn
(k)
( k ) Vn
Q n
Vn
=>
J 2
J 4 V
(3)
Pi
= Vi Vj Yij sin( ij i + j ) vi i j
j
(4)
n
Pi
= 2 Vi Yii cos ii + Vj Yij cos( ij i + j )
Vi
j i
(5)
Pi
= Vi Yij cos( ij i + j ) vi i j
Vj
(6)
n
Q i
= Vi Vj Yij cos( ij i + j )
i
i j
(7)
Q i
= Vi Vj Yij cos( ij i j )
j
(8)
n
Q i
= 2 Vi Yii sin ii Vj Yij sin( ij i j )
Vi
j i
Q i
Vj
= Vi Yij sin( ij i + j ) vi i j
(9)
(10)
44
V
J
J
3
4
45
46
47
Ht chng !
48
CHNG 3:
NGN MCH
CHNG 3:
NGN MCH
Tnh ton ngn mch xc nh nh hng ca s c trn li in (v d: 1
hoc nhiu pha chm nhau, chm t, chm vo cy ci)
Tnh ton s c.
Chui s c.
- Trong tnh ton s c, tt c in p, dng in nhnh v dng in s
c khi s c xy ra ti mt hoc nhiu nt trn mng li.
- Trong tnh ton chui s c: p dng tnh ton mt chui cc s c
lin tc v ring l. Tnh ton chui s c cho tt c cc loi s c c ng
dng lin tc v ring l ti mi nt trong ton h thng in.
Tnh ton ngn mch s s dng trng thi h thng trc khi s c xt hin.
Khi khng c s c, dng ti s c tm v in p ti cc nt trc s c c
tnh.
i vi ti tnh th c quy i thnh khng tr khng i tnh theo cng
st v in p ti nt m ti c ni..
My pht c ni ngun in p ni tip mt khng tr, ln v gc ca
ngun c xc nh t li gii dng ti.
Mi chng trong phn kin thc n tp gm 2 chnh: phn kin thc l
thuyt v phnkin thc p dng trin khai xy dng thnh thut ton trong phn
mm PSS/ADEPT. Vi cch trnh by nh vy s gip cc hc vin n tp tt hn
v tip thu nhanh cc kin thc trong cc phn khc.
Sau y trnh by phn l thuyt bi ton ngn mch.
50
Do :
Evt = Ivt.Zvt
Ly phng trnh biu din mi quan h gia cng sut, in p v dng in
S = E.I
v xc nh cng sut c bn SB theo Vn, Ampe nh sau:
Scb = Ecb. Icb
Suy ra:
S
E I
.
=
Scb E cb I cb
Do :
S
Scb
kVA cb
: Dng in dy c bn tnh bng A
E cb
51
Z cb =
1000.E 2cb
: Tng tr c bn tnh bng
kVA cb
Z cb =
kVA cb
: Dng in pha c bn tnh bng A
3.E cb
1000.E 2cb
: Tng tr c bn tnh bng
kVA cb
Z . S cb
( ).( kVA )
=
2
( kV ) .1000 1000.E cb2
mi
vt
=Z
cu
vt
U cbcu
. mi
U cb
S mi
. cbcu
S cb
Node
Node
Full network
52
0
Z1
0
0
0 V012 =
Z 2
V0
V
1
V2
0
Vnu
t
V10
0
V2
= M
0
Vk
V0
n
53
Z11 L L
M O
Z nut =
M
Z kk
Z n1 L L
Bc 3: Tnh dng ngn mch
Z1n
M
M
Z nn
Vr0
Z kr + Z f
in p ti nt i:
Vif = Vi0 Z ir I f (i = 1, 2, , n)
54
Z0
Z2
3ZN
Mng th t ca my pht
= jXd Nu tinh tan trong chu ky u tin.
Z1
= jXd Nu tinh ton chu k 3-4.
= jXd Nu tnh ton ch xc lp.
Z2 = j
X"q + X"d
2
; Z 2 Z1
Z og < Z 2 < Z1
55
56
][
][
1
2
0
th t thanh ci ca mng: Z bus , Z bus , Z bus
Ia
b
c
Zf
Ic
Zf
j 3Vf0
Z kk1 + Z kk 2 + Z f
ZT
ZL
57
Loi s c
3PH
Dng in s c
I=
L-L
VF
ZS + ZT + ZL + ZF
Ib = -Ic =
1LG
Ia =
j 3VF
2( Z S + Z T + Z L ) + Z F
3VF
2 Z S + 3Z T + (2 + k 0 )Z L + 3Z F
Trong :
: in p tng ng Thevenin(11,1).
: khng tr tng ng Thevenin ca ngun.
: khng tr my bin p.
: khng tr s c.
: khng tr ng dy phn phi.
3040 cho trng hp s c cc tiu.
0 cho trng hp s c cc i.
k0 : h s nhn.
VF
ZS
ZT
ZF
ZL
Gi tr c lng ca k0
k0
1
4
4.6
58
59
60
Trong cc thnh phn Z01, Z02, Z10, Z12, Z20 v Z21 thng khng quan
trng v b qua.
H s t l gia in khng v in tr l mt h s quan trng dng trong
vic tnh ton tng tr tng ng Thevenin:
Ht chng !
61
CHNG 4:
KHI NG NG C V
XC NH IM DNG
TI U
CHNG 4:
BI TON KHI NG NG C V XC
NH IM DNG TI U
Trong thi gian gn y, do thiu ht cng sut ngun, ngnh in thng
huy ng cc n v c my pht gia tng cng sut pht. Cc ph ti ln trong
cc khu cng nghip nh my cng l cc i tng cn quan tm khi ngng hay
cp ngun. Do vy, bi ton khi ng ng c cn c quan tm. Phn mm
PSS/ADEPT l cng c mnh gip chng ta c th thc hin kho st y cc
yu cu ca bi ton khi ng ng c.
Khi vn hnh vn hnh mng in hnh tia h th tn tht nng lng v cht
lng in nng lun km hn mt li phn phi c vn hnh kn, hn na khi
c s c, phm vi mt in ca li phn phi hnh tia thng rng hn. khc
phc cc nhc im ny v to tnh linh hot trong vn hnh h, hu ht cc
mng hnh tia c thit k lin kt vi nhau thng qua cc ni tuyn, do gim
thiu c phm vi v thi gian mt in trong lc khc phc s c li v phn
no ci thin cht lng in nng. Vic thay i cc phng thc vn hnh hay
chuyn ti, chn la v sa thi ph ti theo yu cu ca iu trung tm l cc
yu cu cn c thng xuyn gii quyt trong qu trnh vn hnh.
Li in ny c vn hnh h (radially) v c lin kt vi nhau bng cc
ni tuyn thng qua cc kha in. Cc l do chnh vn hnh h li phn phi
c th nu vn tt nh sau:
-Phi hp bo v relay tr nn d dng
-Gim dng ngn mch khi c s c trn mt tuyn dy gn trm ngun
-iu khin in p trn tng tuyn dy d dng hn v gim c phm vi
mt in trong thi gian gii tr s c.
Nu ch xem xt gi thnh xy dng mi li phn phi th phng n kinh t
l cc li hnh tia. Vn t ra l xc nh cc trng thi ng/ct ca cc kho
in nh: Recloser, LBS, DS nh th no cc tiu ho tn tht in nng hay
mt hm chi ph F nh trc.
Tt c cc yu cu ny c th c kho st thc hin thng qua phn mm
PSS/ADEPT.
63
I.1. My in ng b
Gi tr cho tr khng sau qu , Xd, thng t.1 ti.3 theo kVA c bn my
in. Gi tr thng c dng cho Xd l.2. T gi tr ny ngi s dng c th gi
s tng tr rotor b kho, Xr, tr khng th t thun, X1, v tr khng th t nghch,
X2, s bng Xd.
Tr khng th t khng, X0, cho my ng b dy in hnh t.1 ti.7 gi tr
ca Xd, gi tr thng thng c dng l.4 * Xd.
c cc gi tr khc nhau ca tng tr (X0, X1, X2), ngi s dng c th
cho in tr (R0, R1, R2) ca tng tr bng zero hay c tnh n t t l X/R theo
hnh 1.
Cc my c ni t qua in tr, gi tr (3* in tr ni t) cn phi c
chuyn i thnh n v tng i p.u. theo kVA c bn my in v c thm
vo trong R0. i v h thng hkng c ni t R0 v X0 phi c ci t l
999.
I.2. My in khng ng b
Khi ti y v dng rotor c kho, Xd c th c c tnh bi:
THNG S ROTOR
Cc tiu chun khi ng kVA cho cc my in cm ng. Trn cc ng c
tiu chun (nhiu ng c khng phi tiu chun) iu ny c nh ngha bi cc
k t thng s ng trn bn tn ng c. T gi tr tng ng SKVA/HP ca thng
s, c th xc nh dng tng cao bi:
66
67
68
I.3.6. Gia tc ng c
Trong khi ng gia tc ng c ng, mt m hnh ng c s dng trong
sut ton b tin trnh m phng gia tc ng c. Trong kho st ny, ta cn ch
nh moment ti m ng c phi ko.
V c s khc nhau trong cch m hnh ho vic khi ng ng c, ta c th
chn cch khi ng tnh nu nh ta quan tm n cc tc ng ca vic khi ng
ng c n cc loi ti khc trong h thng hay nu nh s liu ca m hnh ng
khng y .
Mc Khc, nu ta quan tm n thi gian gia tc thc hoc ng c khi ng
c hay khng, th ta nn chn m hnh gia tc ng c ng (dynamic motor
acceleration)
I.3.7. Khi ng ng c tnh
Trong phng php khi ng ng c tnh, ta ngm hiu rng ng c lun
khi ng thnh cng. Ta a ra thi gian gia tc 0% v 100% ti v chng trnh
s t ng ni suy ra thi gian gia tc da trn hai gi tr ny.
69
Trong khong thi gian gia tc, ng c c m hnh bi tng tr lockedrotor, n th hin kh nng mang dng ln nht t h thng v v c tc ng to tc
nht n cc ti khc trong h thng. Khi qua khong thi gian gia tc, ng c
c xem nh mt ti c cng sut khng i (tnh bng KVA).
I.3.8. Khi ng ng c vi kho st n nh qu
Tnh ton khi ng ng c chnh l kho st hot ng ca vic khi ng
ng c v nhng nh hng ca n i vi h thng, v n gin ho n bng cc
thit b khi ng
Tnh ton n nh qu c th m phng qu trnh ng c khi ng, quan
tm n cc tc ng ng ca ton h thng di nh hng ca vic khi ng
ng c.
S khc nhau gia cc i tng trong hai cch tnh ton dn n vic m
hnh ho khc nhau cc phn t trong h thng in, nh trong bng sau:
70
71
72
Khi ta chn Consider branch overload limits, TOPO s tnh ton cho tt c
cc nhnh qu ti trc . Trong hp thoi Option ny, ta c th chn nhng th
ph ti m ta cn tnh ton ( to trong Category).
73
Ht chng !
74
CHNG 5:
PHI HP BO V
CHNG 5:
THIT B BO V V PHI HP CC THIT
B BO V TRN LI PHN PHI
Phi hp gia cc thit b bo v trn li phn phi l cng vic rt quan
trng nhm m bo cho cc thit b hot ng mt cch nhp nhng v hiu qu.
Do vy chng ta khng th b qua nhng nguyn tc phi hp gia cc thit b bo
v cho d l nhng nguyn tc c bn nh nht.
Bo v qu dng cn quan tm hai phm vi chnh lin quan nhau
- Bo v on xut tuyn c th hay mt thit b
- Bo v ton b xut tuyn hay h thng phn phi.
Chnh phm vi th hai cn n s phi hp cc thit b bo v, nhng ngay c
cch bo v c thit k c bn cho mt my bin p n gin hay mt thit b
khc, cng c th cn c s phi hp ca hai hay nhiu thit b bo v nhm m
bo thch ng vi nhng loi s c khc nhau, trnh mi nguy him tim n c
th xy ra cho thit b v ng dy dn ln cn.
Vic ng dng v phi hp thit b bo v qu dng s nh hng n tnh
lin tc ca vic cung cp in. iu ny c ngha l hn ch bt k vic mt in
do s c cng t nht v trong thi gian ngn nht th cng tt. Song song vi cc
iu kin k thut, mt yu t cn phi xt n trong vic chn la cc thit b bo
v l vn v kinh t, phi chn la lm sao va bo m k thut ra v
chi ph u t (bao gm chi ch ban u mua sm thit b v chi ph d phng duy
tu bo dng thit b) phi t tn km nht.
76
I. Cc thit b bo v
I.1. Cu Ch
I.1.1. Gii thiu.
Cu ch l cc thit b bo v n gin nht ang dng bo v qu dng trn
h thng phn phi. Chc nng u tin ca cu ch c s dng l cc dy chy
r tin t trong mch in. Cc dy chy ny s m, ngt cc qu dng in v bo
v thit b trnh qu ti v ngn mch. Ngoi ra, cc cu ch cn dng phn on
ng dy.
Hin nay cu ch c rt nhiu loi, thun cho vic chn cc c tnh vn hnh
ph hp nh: cu ch dy chy, cu ch t ri, cu ch chn khng v cu ch hn
dng.
Dy chy c th chy t cc thit b bo v kiu bt. Loi thng dng nht
l thit b bo v dng t ri. Cc dy chy l cc phn t c thay th sau mt ln
tc ng bo v nh cc cu ch dng trong gia nh c thay th, khng nh
hng n cc hp cu ch.
Thnh phn c bn ca cu ch dy chy l mt phn t chy c ch to t
nhiu loi khc nhau c cc c tnh thi gian - dng in (TCC) khc nhau. Mt
dy chu lc ni song song vi phn t chy chu lc ko ca dy chy. Cu trc
dy chy s dng mt u dng nt v mt u ri c thit k c th lp ln v
c kh cc cu ch t ri hay cc thit b c s dng dy chy. Quanh phn t chy
l mt ng ph tr sinh kh dp tt cc dng s c nh.
Phn t cu ch c ch to ct chnh
xc, khi dng mt phn t thic vn hnh
nhp thp hn
ng ph cung cp khi
ct dng in nh
Chui cu to bng ng
d hn, dn in v
bn hn
Dy dn xon c
bn v mm do
77
Vnh chui gi ng
bo m ct dng in
nh
u trn
Dy dn xon
c bn v mm
do
ng ph cp kh ct
dng in nh
I.1.2. c tnh bo v:
c tnh ca mt dy chy c xc nh bi cc c tuyn dng in thi
gian (TCC) ca n. Tng thi gian ct l thi gian chy trung bnh vi sai s cng
ca nh sn xut cng vi thi gian dp h quang vi sai s m. Trn ng TCC,
c tuyn chy nh nht l kh nng chu ng trung bnh thp nht.
Thng thng cu ch c ch to theo tiu chun ASNI C37.43.
Dy chy loi K tng ng vi loi ct nhanh v loi T tng ng vi loi ct
chm, hai loi ny c tiu chun ho. Vi loi K, n nh t s tc l 6 8
v loi T l 10 13. T s tc l t s gia dng chy nh nht ti 0.1s v 300s
(hoc 600s) ty thuc vo dng nh mc ca dy chy.
I.1.3. Phn loi
I.1.3.1. Cu ch t ri
Cc dy chy ca cu ch li phn phi phi in km vi thit b khc
c s vn hnh ph hp. Thit b tiu biu nht l cc c cu t ri c s dng
cc dng hp, dng h v dng dy chy h.
Cc thit b ny vn hnh theo nguyn l bt bi tc ng ca dy chy v
mt ng dp h quang, cng vi mt dy thy tinh si kh ion ha khi phn t
chy ca dy chy b chy. Dy thy tinh si s chy sinh ra cc kh kh ion ha
tch ly bn trong cc ng. H quang b ko di, nn li v c lm ngui trong
ng v kh thot ra hai u ng mang theo mt phn cc phn t h quang duy tr.
78
Vic pht sinh h quang sau khi dng t gi tr zero s b ngn nga bi cc kh
kh ion ha v p sut tng cao bi s chuyn ng hn lon ca kh. Cc nhn t
ny nng cao cng cch in ca khe h khng kh trong ng. Khi p sut cao
sau y cc ion do h quang sinh ra cn li trong ng.
Cu ch t ri c ch to c ch to theo tiu chun ANSI 37.42.
Cu ch dng hp
Hnh 40 Mt vi cu ch t ri
79
CU TRC
CHUN
u tip im m bc hay thic,
ng, ng thau dn in v
nhit tt
Bng bc tinh cht dung sai 5%
c tnh chy chnh xc
Phn t ph dy bc chy
nhanh khi dng thp
ng chu nhit v p lc cu
ch tc ng
Nt ch bo khi nh ra chng t
cu ch ct
80
81
I.2. My Ct v Relay
I.2.1. Gii thiu:
My ct (Circuit Breakers) v Relay l mt b thit b lun i cng vi nhau
v c tnh thit b v cc thng s ng dng chung bi cc loi Relay thng c
dng phi hp vi my ct nhm thc hin vic ng ct t ng cc tip im ca
my ct trong vic bo v qu dng. Cc vn chnh c nu trong phn ny
gm c: phn loi my ct v la chn cc gi tr nh mc ct thch hp cng vi
kiu ca Relay thng c s dng trong vic bo v h thng li phn phi v
c tnh TCC ca chng.
I.2.2. c tnh v phn loi my ct
My ct thng c s dng cc trm trong cc ng dng bo v qu dng
ca h thng li in phn phi. Theo tiu chun ANIS C37 100 th my ct l
mt thit b ng ngt c kh c kh nng ng, mang v ct dng in iu kin
vn hnh bnh thng ca mch in, ng thi c kh nng ng, mang trong thi
gian xc nh v ct dng in trong iu kin khng bnh thng ca mch in
nh ngn mch. My ct c th ct, ng bng tay hay s dng cc Relay hoc cc
b iu khin in t bn ngoi. Do c kh nng ct dng ngn mch ln v dng
lin tc cao nn cc my ct tng i t tin v cng knh so vi cc thit b bo
v h thng phn phi khc.
82
Hnh 42 T ng ct bng cu ch
Cu to:
T c lm bng thp cu thnh t 5 khoang v c ngn cch bi cc vch ngn
kim lai hoc cch in. chiu cao 1600mm, rng 375mm, su 940mm, nng 120 Kg
83
0
6
Hnh 43 T ng ct SM6
c. T ng ct c my ct RMU-8DJ10
T c lm bng thp hn khng r v c lm nh mt hnh hp ch nht
1. Np c bn l cho hp cu
ch.
2. Mt pha trc cho nhng
thao tc c bn.
3. Tm trm cho gian cha
cp.
4. S in.
5. Tm vn chuyn.
84
6. nh v ch bo thit b
ni t (tri) v ngt in
(phi).
7. Ch th trng thi sn sng
(c SF6).
8. o in p
9. o in p
10. Ch th bo ngn mch
(mu xut hin)
1. Hp cu ch n cc.
2. u ni cp.
3. Hp cha SF6.
4. Cng tc 3 v tr.
5. Cp.
6. Cp.
7. Khung.
8. C ch chuyn i 3 v
tr.
Hnh 44 T ng ct RMU
Cc gi tr nh mc ca my ct
in p nh mc ln nht
- in p nh mc ln nht l in p m my ct c thit k v khng
c vn hnh cc gi in p cao hn.
H s mc in p nh mc K
- K l t s gia in p nh mc ln nht vi gii hn thp nht ca mc in
p vn hnh m mc in p ny cho php kh nng dng in ct ngn mch i
xng v khng i xng thay i t l nghch vi in p.
in p th nghim chu ng nh mc tn s thp
- in p chu ng tn s thp nh mc (kh) l in p th nghim mt
my ct mi khi th nghim kh vi cc iu kin quy nh phi c kh nng chu
ng trong mt pht khng c phng in b mt hay nh thng cch in.
- in p chu ng tn s thp nh mc (t) l in p th nghim mt
my ct mi khi th nghim t vi cc iu kin quy nh, my ct mi loi ngoi
tri v cc thnh phn bn ngoi phi c kh nng chu ng trong mi giy khng
c phng in b mt hay nh thng cch in.
in p th nghim chu ng nh mc xung
- in p th nghim chu xung nh mc bao gm xung y v xung ct.
Mt my ct mi phi c kh nng chu ng c hai xung trn khng c phng in
b mt hay nh thng cch in.
85
86
87
Ct tc thi:
I.2.3.5. Relay t ng li
Relay t ng li ch c thm chc nng nh thi khi my ct m v gi tn
hiu nh trc ny ng my ct. C hai loi Relay ng li: Relay nh thi
bng ng c ng b v Relay nh thi bng in t.
I.3. Recloser
I.3.1. Gii thiu chung:
My ct t ng ng li (Recloser) l thit b hp b cha trong mt mch
cn thit cm nhn c qu dng, thi gian xy ra qu dng, ngt c qu
dng v t ng ng li kch hot li ng dy. Nu s c l vnh cu th
Recloser s ct hn sau ba hay bn ln ng li v v vy s cch ly phn b h hng
khi cc phn chnh ca h thng. Lm vic vi hiu qu cao, nhm phn no gip
pht hin, thu hp v c lp khu vc s c ra khi h thng p ng c tnh lin
tc ca h thng in.
Do hu ht s c l tm thi (70 80%) v ko di trong vi chu k n mt
vi giy. Recloser vi kh nng ct v t ng ng li s loi tr vic ko di mt
in trn ng dy phn phi do s c ngn mch tm thi hay cc trng hp qu
dng qu .
I.3.2. Phn loi:
Recloser c phn loi da vo cc yu t sau:
Recloser mt pha hay ba pha.
Recloser iu khin bng thy lc hay bng mch in t.
Recloser ngt trong mi trng du hay chn khng.
I.3.2.1.
Recloser mt pha
a. Chc nng:
89
b. Cu to Recloser mt pha:
I.3.2.3.
92
93
94
65K
80K
100K
140K
200K
2200
2800
3900
5800
9200
440
650
840
1060
1340
1700
2200
2800
3900
5800
9200
300
540
320
840
710
430
1060
1060
870
500
1340
1340
1340
1100
660
1700
1700
1700
1700
1350
850
2200
2200
2200
2200
2200
1700
1100
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2800
2200
1450
3900
3900
3900
3900
3900
3900
3900
2500
2400
5800
5800
5800
5800
5800
5800
5800
5800
5800
4500
2400
9200
9200
9200
9200
9200
9200
9200
9200
9200
9200
9100
4100
95
680
375
920
800
530
1200
1200
1100
680
1500
1500
1500
1280
730
2000
2000
2000
2000
1700
990
2540
2540
2540
2540
2540
2100
1400
3200
3200
3200
3200
3200
3200
2600
1500
4100
4100
4100
4100
4100
4100
4100
3100
1700
80T
100T
140T
200T
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
5000
3800
1750
6100
6100
6100
6100
6100
6100
6100
6100
6100
4400
2200
9700
9700
9700
9700
9700
9700
9700
9700
9700
9700
9700
7200
4000
15200
15200
15200
15200
15200
15200
15200
15200
15200
15200
15200
15200
13800
7500
97
98
99
Thi gian
ng li
(chu k)
25
30
50
90
120
240
600
Cc h s nhn
Hai nhanh
Hai chm
2.7
2.6
2.1
1.85
1.7
1.4
1.35
Mt nhanh
Ba chm
3.2
3.1
2.5
2.1
1.8
1.4
1.35
Bn chm
3.7
3.5
2.7
2.2
1.9
1.45
1.35
Cu ch pha ngun
My bin p
RE
Recloser
100
101
Cu ch pha ngun
My bin p
Relay
Relay
102
II.4.1.1.
Breaker
/ Relay
Fuse
103
105
nhanh ca Recloser pha ngun. c tuyn TCC nhanh ca Recloser pha ngun
phi c phn ng chm hn c tuyn TCC tc ng nhanh pha ti.
II.5.3.2. Chc nng ct dng tc thi.
Cc bc tun t ca chng
trnh, nhng tip im ca
Recloser vn ng
ACR1
ACR1
ng
M
Ngt hn
ACR2
ACR2
S c
Thi gian
106
Ht chng !
107
CHNG 6:
SNG HI
CHNG 6:
SNG HI
Ta bit rng theo l thuyt cc ngun tc ng (l nhng tn hiu c a
n mch) tn ti trn li in l cc hm iu ha. Thc t cc ngun tc ng
ny trong li in khng phi lc no cng l hm iu ha, m n c th c hnh
dng bt k, bao gm nhiu thnh phn tn s trong c cc thnh phn tn s
no (ha tn) khc vi thnh phn tn s c bn m ta mong mun s nh
hng nht nh cho s hot ng ca mch v cc phn t trong li in. Khi
cc p ng trong mch cng s l cc qu trnh nhiu tn s.
109
I. L thuyt sng hi
I.1. Cc ngun gy sng hi trong li in:
Trong nhng nm gn y, cc thit b in t (nh b iu chnh tc ng
c, cc b chnh lu iu khin, my vi tnh,...) gy ra nhiu vn lin quan
n sng ha tn trong li in. i vi h thng truyn ti in th nh ch yu
do cm khng t ha phi tuyn ca my bin p, thit b h quang nh: cc l in
h quang, cc my hn, cc cun khng in trong cc thit b hot ng trn c s
cm ng in t.
i vi iu kin vn hnh khng cn bng gia cc pha nh in p h thng
khng cn bng, tng tr h thng hay ti khng cn bng mi thnh phn sng hi
c th xy ra trong ba thnh phn (thun, nghch, khng). Ngoi ra cc t b trong
li in thng kt hp vi cm khng li to ra mch cng hng lm khuch
i cc dng hi c tn s ln cn tn s cng hng tn ti trong li. Sau y i
xem xt chi tit cc ngun ha tn.
I.1.1. Ti phi tuyn:
Do ? ti phi tuyn tng tr ca n thay i, dng m n hp thu s khng sin
mc d in p t vo c tnh sin v t c th to nn ngun dng ha tn bm
vo h thng. Cc ti phi tuyn thng gp nh:
o Cc qu trnh chnh lu in p.
o Thit b vn phng v dn dng nh: UPS, my tnh, my photocopy TV,
n hunh quang...
o B iu chnh tc ng c.
o Thit b thuc lnh vc in cng ngh: my hn, l h quang...
I.1.1.1. Cc qu trnh chnh lu in p:
Nhng tin b vt bc ca lnh vc in t cng sut to c s cho cc b
chuyn i in v chng tr thnh ngun gy sng hi chnh trong h thng.
Cc b chnh lu c s dng rng ri nh:
+ AC/DC
+ AC/DC/AC
V d: cho mt h thng c chnh lu:
110
I dc
Vac
I ac
Vdc
4
2
0
-2
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
Time (s)
0.1
3
2.5
2
A 1.5
1
0.5
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Hz
k =1, 2, 3...
I1
;
h
I1: ln hi c bn
Trong thc t, dng dng in ca chnh lu 6 xung khng hon ton vung,
do gi tr thc ca sng hi nh hn gi tr l thuyt. Gi tr ny c th c tnh
xp x bng cng thc:
Ih =
I1
1.2
h
h
vi 5 h 31
V(t)
I(t)
Cao
Thp
I3
130%
65%
I5
70%
35%
I7
50%
25%
I9
30%
15%
I11
10%
5%
I3
35%
I5
27%
I7
10%
I9
2.5%
112
I11
3.5%
I13
1.5%
I15
1.5%
I5
33%
I7
2.5%
I11
6.1%
I13
2.4%
I17
2.5%
I19
1.6%
I.1.1.5. B iu tc:
B iu tc dng cc mch in t cng sut iu khin tc ng c,
c bit thng s dng cho ng c khng ng b. Do b iu tc cng pht
sinh dng hi nh cc ti chnh lu.
i vi b iu tc iu khin tc cho ng c khng ng b, kt qu
kho st cho bit dng hi ca chng sinh ra ph thuc vo:
+ T s cng sut ngn mch ca h thng (SSC) v cng sut biu kin ca
b iu tc (Sn).
+ T l phn trm gia cng sut biu kin ng c Sm so vi cng sut biu
kin ca b iu tc.
Bng 1.5: Gi tr dng hi b iu tc ng c khng ng b vi
Sm=1OO%Sn
I1
I5
Sm =100%Sn
SSC=250%Sn 100% 85%
SSC=100%Sn 100% 73%
SSC=50%Sn 100% 63%
I7
I11
I13
72% 41% 27%
52% 16% 7%
35% 6.2% 1.3%
I17
8%
7%
/
I19
5%
5%
/
I23
6%
3%
/
I25
5%
3%
/
Ih
Sm
*100 ; I 1 =
I1
3 *U 1
113
I.1.1.6. L h quang:
Trong thc t cc l quang thng dng trong ngnh cng nghip thp c s
nguyn l nh Hnh1.4.
Vi l h quang xoay chiu, sng hi to ra l phi tuyn, bt i xng v
khng n nh. N sinh ra dng hi bc chn, l v ph lin tc.
Vi l h quang mt chiu, c cp in qua b chnh lu tnh dng
Thyristor th sinh cc dng hi bc cao nh b chnh lu v tnh lin tc ca ph
dng in mc nh hn l h quang dung in AC.
HV
HV
Transformer
Transformer
Cable
Cable
Rectifier
Furnace
Cable
Hnh
Furnace
Hnh 2.4b
Hnh 56 a) L h quang c cp ngun AC
b) L h quang c cp ngun DC
115
I 2rms = I12 +
I 2p
p =2
1
I
1 + 0,1 h
h=2 I1
1,6
p
<1
vi
h: bc hi;
I1: dng in hi c bn
Qua ta thy MBA c cng sut nh mc Sn th ch c php cung cp
cho ti c cng sut l k.Sn
V d: ti dng Switchmode Power Supply c cung cp bi MBA cng
sut 250KVA
Bng 1.6: Gi tr dng hi ca b Computer Switch Power Supply
I3
I5
I7
I9
I1
100%
130%
70%
50%
30%
Khi h s MBA theo (1.4) c xc nh:
=> k = 0,532 v cng sut MBA ti thiu l 470KVA
I11
10%
I N = 3I o +
3I
k =3, 6 , 9 ,...
cos(kt k )
118
XC
Ih
Power
System
Power
System
Ih
XC
Khi ta c:
+ Tn s cng hng:
fr =
XC
XL
+H s khuch i:
K=
R
LSC h
=R
Qbu S SC
C
=
LSC
P
XL
Ih
XC
119
120
L
C
Ti phi tuyn
LSC
L
C
R V
h
Ih
a)S n tuyn
b)S tng ng
Hnh 61 S n tuyn v s tng ng LC
Trong o:
R: in tr c trng cho cng sut tc dng ca ti tuyn tnh
Lsc: in cm ngn mch t h thng
L: in cm ca cun khng trit hi
C: in dung ca t b
Ih: Ngun hi thay th cho ti phi tuyn
Cun cm mc ni tip vi t to mch cng hng ni tip LC tn s fr.
Tn s ca mch bao gm LSC mc song song vi nhnh LC c gi l tn
s chng cng hng far, ti tn s ny tr khng tng ng ca mng in l R.
Tr khng tng ng ca mch in:
1
1
1
= j
+
Z eq
LSC L 1
1
+
R
1
2 LC
f ar =
Zeq()
1
2 ( L + LSC )C
Tng tr ca
mng in
Tng tr
ngun
far
f(Hz)
fr Di tn s cc hi khng mong mun
o Dng cng hng chy qua mch lc, khng chy v ngun. Cc hi p c
sn trn thanh ci kt ni vi mch lc LC m cng tn s vi tn s cng hng
u b loi b. C th t nhiu mch lc LC kh cc bc hi cn quan tm nhm
t c h s mo dng p mong mun.
o Ti cc tn s hi, tr khng tng ng c gi tr gn bng tr khng
ngn mch. V th, h s mo dng in p c gi tr hu nh khng i so vi
trng hp khng c nhnh LC c ngha l vic lp t t b v cun cm chng
hi khng lm tng tr khng ngun. V th khng lm tng s mo dng in p.
o Ti cc tn s hi, tr khng nhnh LC cao hn tr khng ngn mch nhiu
nn dng hi ch chy qua tr khng ngn mch v ngun m khng chy qua t
nn khng cn bo v t in.
o i vi tn s cng hng song song t chu nh hng ca tr khng
ngun do in cm ca cun chng hi thng ln hn tr khng ngun (t 2->9
ln).
o Mch in s cng hng hai tn s khc nhau (far<fr). cng hng
khng xy ra hon ton th cn thit bo m hai tn s cng hng ny nh hn
hai tn s hi cn c bo v. V khi tn s cao hn tn s cng hng ni
tip th XL ln hn XC tc l nhnh ni tip LC gn nh ch c cun cm. Nhnh
ny mc song song vi cm khng ngun Xsc nn khng c iu kin xy ra cng
hng.
Khi lp t cun cm trit hi cn lu :
o Cng sut b phn khng ca nhnh LC ln ch c t:
122
Q=
pr2
Qn
pr2 1
pr l bc cng hng
Qn: Cng sut phn khng b nh mc ca t
Bng 1.7: Cng sut b ng vi bc cng hng
pr
2,7
3,8
4,3
4,8
Q/Qn
1,16
1,07
1,06
1,05
pr2
Vn
pr2 1
123
oMch lc kp:
Mch lc kp c to t hai mch lc LC kt ni vi nhau qua in
tr R. Hot ng ca mch lc ny l gim tn s chng cng hng ang tn ti
gia hai tn s iu chnh ca hai nhnh song song
124
125
Vi cc ph ti tnh, ng c khng ng b, ng c ng b, t in mc
shunt, ng dy v cp, v my bin p, m hnh sng hi thng c dng
xc nh gi tr tng tr mt hi cho trc.
Mi thnh phn ca li in c phng trnh tnh gi tr tng tr tng ng.
(14)
vi:
126
V = in p
Fs = tn s c bn (phn ni tip)
R = in tr
X = in khng
(15)
Vi:
Z(H) = tng tr hi bc H
i vi phn ti tnh mc song song, in tr v in khng tn s c bn l:
(16)
vi:
R = in tr
X = in khng
V = in p
Fp = tn s c bn (phn song song)
P = kW
Q = kvar
S bin thin ca tng tr theo bc ca hi c cho bi cng thc:
(17)
vi:
(18)
vi:
Cp1 = h s m hiu ng b mt ca ti (phn song song ca ti)
127
(19)
vi:
R0(H) = in tr th t khng hi bc H
in khng ng c khng ng b thay i theo sng hi nh sau:
(20)
X0(H) = in khng th t khng hi bc H
C4 = h s m in khng ng c
Tng tr tng ng trt cho trc c tnh bng cch s dng in tr v
in khng c iu chnh theo tn s nh trn ni. tn s sng hi, trt
c tnh nh sau:
(21)
vi:
s(H) = trt hi bc H
s1 = trt tn s c bn
Khi ng c khng ng b c ni t, tng tr ni y c tnh nh sau:
(22)
vi:
Zg(H) = tng tr ni t hi bc H
128
Rg = in tr ni t
Xg = in khng ni t
C1 = h s m hiu ng b mt ni t
C2 = h s m in khng ni t
in tr v in khng ni t mc ni tip.
II.1.3. ng c ng b
ng c ng b c biu din bi in khng siu qu v th t khng ca n
v bi in tr phn ng v th t nghch. in tr ng c ng b bin thin theo sng
hi nh sau:
(23)
vi:
Ra(H) = in tr phn ng hi bc H
R2(H) = in tr th t nghch hi bc H
in khng ng c ng b bin thin theo sng hi nh sau:
vi:
X"d(H) = in khng siu qu hi bc H
X0 = in khng th t khng
C4 = h s m in khng ng c
Tng tr ng c ng b th t thun, nghch v khng l:
(24)
vi:
Z0 = tng tr th t khng
129
Z1 = tng tr th t thun
Z2 = tng tr th t nghch
Khi ng c ng b c ni t, tng tr ni t c tnh nh sau:
(25)
vi:
Zg(H) = tng tr ni t hi bc H
C1 = h s m hiu ng b mt ni t
C2 = h s m in khng ni t
in tr v in khng ni t mc ni tip.
II.1.4. T in mc shunt
T in mc shunt c nh ngha bi cng sut phn khng (kvar) m n cung cp
in p danh nh. Reactor mc shunt tiu th cng sut phn khng. Tng tr ca t
in/reactor mc shunt bin thin theo sng hi nh sau:
(26)
vi:
kV = kV c bn ca t in
KVAra = cng sut phn khng ca t in
Khi t in/reactor mc shunt c ni t, tng tr ni t c tnh nh sau:
(27)
vi:
Zg(H) = tng tr ni t hi bc H
C1 = h s m hiu ng b mt ni t
C2 = h s m in khng ni t
in tr v in khng ni t mc ni tip.
130
II.1.5. ng cy v cp
C 3 m hnh sng hi cho ng dy. l:
ng dy IEEE
Cp IEEE
Hiu chnh ng dy di tu c th p dng cho c 3 m hnh.
ng dy IEEE (M hnh 1)
(28)
Cp IEEE (M hnh 2)
(29)
ng dy v cp t to (M hnh 3)
(30)
Vi:
r1 = in tr th t thun
x1 = in khng th t thun
C1 = h s m hiu ng b mt th
t thun
C2 = h s m hiu ng b mt th
t khng
r0 = in tr th t khng
x0 = in khng th t khng
131
C3 = h s m in khng th t
thun
C5 = h s m in np th t
thun
C4 = h s m in khng th t
khng
C6 = h s m in np th t
khng
(31)
Thng s tp trung tng ng c tnh nh sau:
(32)
vi:
132
R1 = in tr th t thun
X1 = in khng th t thun
G0 = thng s tp trung in dn
shunt th t khng
G1 = thng s tp trung in dn
shunt th t thun
R0 = in tr th t khng
X0 = in khng th t khng
II.1.6. My bin p
C hai m hnh sng hi cho my
bin p:
M hnh IEEE
(33)
M hnh t to (custom)
Tng tr ni t, nu c, c tnh
ging nhau cho tt c cc m hnh ca
my bin p:
My bin p IEEE
Tng tr r c cho bi:
(35)
(34)
vi:
My bin p ty
R1 = in tr
X1 = in khng
H = bc ca hi
C3 = h s m hiu ng b mt
my bin p
C4 = h s m in khng my bin p
C1 = h s m hiu ng b mt ni t
C2 = h s m in khng ni t
133
Ht chng !
136
CHNG 7:
XC NH V TR B
TI U
CHNG 7:
XC NH V TR B TI U
Bi ton tnh dung lng b quan trng trong qu trnh qun l, vn hnh
li in bi nhng li ch u th ca n mang li: Nng cao kh nng ti ca dy
dn, gim cng sut ngun, gim c tn tht in nng li in,..
Vi c im ca li in trung th cc in lc khu vc ca Cng ty in
lc 2, tri rng trn a bn ln vi chiu di mi pht tuyn trung bnh (c th ln
hn 10km). Do vy, theo nh tnh, tn tht cui ng dy ln, nhu cu cng sut
khng cao v ci thin in p cho li.
Trc y, Cng ty in lc 2 cha c cng c mnh, cc phn mm chuyn
dng tnh cc bi ton ny. Thng s dng cc biu thc tnh tay, do vy
chnh xc cha cao.
Phn mn PSS/ADEPT vi chc nng tnh ton xc nh v tr b ti u trn
li, c th p dng tnh ton cho li in trn a bn.
C th nh gi rng, vic p dng phn mm ny, s mang li hiu qu thit
thc. c bit vic p dng thnh cng bi ton tnh dung lng b s gip in
lc xc nh nhu cu cng sut khng cho ton li, kim tra cc v tr b hin hu
v phc v cng r sot nh gi tng th bi ton b theo c th ring ca li
in do cc in lc khu vc qun l. Bi ton ny gip in lc p dng ngay cc
kt qu tnh ton t PSS/ADEPT vo cng tc c th ang trin khai ti in lc.
138
(KVAr).
(KVAr).
(KVAr).
3 .U.Imax cos1
(KW)
Pmin=
3 .U.Imin cos1
(KW)
1 cos2 1
1 0,952
tg 2 =
=
= 0,328
cos 1
0,95
Xc nh h s ph ti ca pht tuyn:
+ max =
Stt max
Pmax
=
S m S m .cos 1
+ min =
Stt min
Pmin
=
S m S m .cos 1
Trong :
+ Stt max =
Pmax
cos 1
139
+ Stt min =
Pmin
cos 1
i =1
tuyn
Xc nh v tr t t b ti u:
+ Trng hp t mt v tr:
+ Phng trnh gim tn tht khi t mt t b trn pht tuyn:
P=
3.c..x1[(2 - x1)+.x1 - c]
2
2n + 1
2
chiu di pht tuyn.
3
140
P
x = 3. c. [(2 x 1 + . x 1 3. c) + x 1 ( 1)] = 0
1
P = 3. c. [(2 x 2 ) + . x 2 c + x 2 ( 1)] = o
x 2
Suy ra
2 3c
x
=
1
2(1 )
x 2 = 2 c
2(1 )
2
5
va x 2 =
4
chiu di pht tuyn.
5
CAPO t t b trn li sao cho kinh t nht (ngha l sao cho s tin tit
kim c t vic t t b ln hn s tin phi b ra lp t t b).
CAPO chn nt cho t b th n s tin tit kim c l ln nht.
th ph ti c s dng trong PSS/ADEPT cung cp cho ta s m
hnh ha cc bin thin ph ti theo thi gian, nhit hoc cc yu t khc.
Khi t cc t b ng ng, CAPO cng tnh lun tng ca nc iu chnh
t b ng vi tng th ph ti.
1+ i
Ne =
n =1 1 + r
N
(1)
(2)
Gi tr ca chi ph mua t b l:
CostF = sF x (cF + Ne x mF)
(3)
Buc 3: Chn tu chn m chng ta mun cho php phn tch CAPO:
Loi u ni: chn t c loi u ni ph hp: sao hoc tam gic. Loi u ni
c th chn cho c 2 loi t c nh v ng ng trn tt c cc nt trong li in.
Chn loi th ph ti: c th chn bt c loi th ph ti no trong qu
trnh tnh ton: nh du vo tng ng trc tn loi th. Nhng th ph ti
ny c sn cho mt khong thi gian xc nh v c s dng trong qu trnh tnh
ton xc nh tnh kh thi ca vic t mt t b ln li in.
V php phn tch CAPO da trn thi gian l tng nm nn khong thi gian
dng tnh ton l phn s ca nm trn th ph ti. Thng th tng thi gian
tnh ton ca tt c th ph ti m chng ta s dng trong CAPO l 1.0; tuy nhin
iu ny khng phi l bt buc. V d nu thit b ca chng ta ch hot ng 10
thng trong 1 nm th CAPO vn c th chy c.
S di t cho php: y l s t c nh v ng ng m chng ta c th c
t ln li (v d nh l s t ang c trong kho). Ban u th s t ny c t
bng 0. Nu vn s t ny l 0 th khi chy CAPO chng ta s thy trn phn
Xem Tin trnh cu thng bo Khng c t no t ln li.
Kch thc t 3 pha: l tng ln di t 3 pha tnh bng kvar cho c 2 loi t
c nh v ng ng t trn li. V d: nu thit lp l t 1 di t c nh 100
144
Thit lp ln ca t b ng ng nh hn t b c nh.
Khng cn t b ng ng ng ln li.
(4)
(6)
hon tt ta xt n phng trnh tnh Ne:
146
1+ i
Ne =
n =1 1 + r
N
(7)
147
Ht chng !
148
CHNG 8:
NH GI TIN CY
CHNG 8:
NH GI TIN CY
Hin nay, trong cc Cng ty in lc ang theo di mt in, thng k s v,
thi gian mt in nhng cha p dng cc ch s c th nh gi tin cy
cung cp in ca li in. Cc s liu bo co nh 347 v/278.66 gi s c,
1094 v/859.34 gi ct in t xut,... cha th hin c mc , phm vi mt
in, trnh qun l li in.
Cc cng ty in lc trn th gii thng xy dng mt s ch s nh lng
c th nh gi. Cc thng s bo co nh bnh qun khch hng khu vc sinh
hot b mt in 3 v/nm, 120 pht/nm,... s c th, d hiu, d nh gi hn.
Mc tiu ca bo co l gii thiu cc ch s ny, cch nh gi (d on) v
thng k cc ch s trn li in. Mi n v (Cng ty in lc hoc Hip hi in
lc) t xy dng cc ch tiu nh gi. Cc t chc in lc uy tn nh IEEE,
EEI (Edison Electric Institue), EPRI (Electric Power Reasearch Institute) v CEA
(Canadian Electric Association) xy dng nhiu ch s c nhiu n v p dng.
Trong , h thng ch s ca IEEE l ph bin nht. Cc ch s tin cy ca h
thng truyn ti nh BPII (Bulk Power Interruption Index), BPECI (Bulk Power
Energy Curtailment Index), MPBCI (Modified Bulk Power Curtailment Index),...
khng nm trong phm vi bo co ny.
Theo IEEE, cc ch s tin cy (Reliability Index - RI) ca li phn phi bao
gm SAIFI, SAIDI, CAIDI, ASAI, ASUI, ENS v AENS.
Chng ny trnh bi l thuyt v nhiu v d v tin cy v phng php
tnh. Cch trin khai gii bi ton tin cy li in trong phn mm PSS/ADEPT
cng c trnh by tp theo. Hc vin cn nm vng cc kin thc ny c th
thc hin tt cc bi tp trong cc bui thc hnh phn mm.
150
I.4. p ng h thng
Lin quan n kh nng lm vic ca my pht, li truyn ti, li phn phi
trong vic cung cp in ti khch hng.
S p ng s lin quan n cc iu kin tnh ca h thng.
151
I.7.1. Mc th nht:
Nghin cu v kh nng ca h my pht cp in cho ti. H thng truyn ti
khng c xt n mc ny. Ch s tin cy ca mc th nht l Ch S D Bo
Mt Ti (LOLE) v Ch S D Bo Thiu Nng lng Cung Cp (LOEE).
I.7.2. Mc th hai:
Nghin cu v h thng pht v h thng truyn ti cung cp nng lng ti
cc nt ti. Cc nghin cu ny l nh gi hn hp ca h thng. Ch s ca mc II
mang tnh ton cc hay ti mt thanh ci cung cp in gm c tn sut, thi gian,
ph ti v nng lng.
I.7.3. Mc th ba:
Lin quan ti c pht in, truyn ti, phn phi xc nh s tng xng
ca ton h thng cung cp n khch hng.
Ch s ca mc th ba ny la ti im tiu th v cc ch s h thng gm c
tn sut, thi gian, ti v nng lng.
153
Giai
oan
mi
xuat
xng
Giai
oan
on nh
Giai
oan
lao hoa
Thi gian
Chu k s c
T=m+r
UP (in)
1
r
1
m
Down (out)
Down
m1
r1
m2
T1
T2
r2
m3
T3
A= +
H s khng sn sng (FOR):
A = U = FOR = +
156
V d:
Cng ty phn phi c 7500 my bin p phn phi ang vn hnh trong chu k 10 nm,
140 my bin p b hng v nhiu l do khc nhau. Mt s lng nh ca chng c th
c sa cha, nhng hu ht cc s cn li u phi thay bng my mi. Thi gian thay
th hoc sa cha s c ghi li. Cng tt c cc thi gian sa cha ca 140 my s cho
thi gian tng cng l 7500 gi.
T cc s liu ny chng ta tnh:
140
=
= 0,0191/gi
10 7500
1
m = = 530 gi
7360
= 52,6gi = 0,006 nm
140
1
= = 1671/nm.
r
530
= 0,999989
A=
0,006 + 530
0,006
= 0,000011 = 6pht/nm
=
0,006 + 530
.iu ny c th c gii thch nh sau:
Mi my bin p co xc sut 0.0019 xy ra h hng trong nm ti.
Sau khi xy ra s c, thi gian sa cha hoc thay th l 52.6 gi.
Mi my bin p s khng vn hnh, tnh trung bnh l 6 pht 1 nm.
Ch rng ch ta s dng cc s liu hot ng trc d on kt qu tng
lai. y l c s cho vic phn tch tin cy: gi s rng hot ng bnh qun trong qu
kh s nh gi cc hot ng trong tng lai
r=
N
N
C
i
N
N
i
N .d = u N
N
N
C
N
N'
N
N'
i
N
N
u N
N
i
ENS = La(i).ui
Tng in nng khng c cung cp bi h thng
La(i) Cng sut ti trung bnh ti nt th i
ui thi gian ct in hng nm.
AENS
158
N .8760 u .N
N .8760
i
L u
N
a(i)
ACCI
Ch tiu ct xn in nng trung bnh ca khch hng
Tong ien nang khong c cung cap
ACCI = Tong so khach hang b anh hng
ASIFI
Ch s ny ch yu tnh ton tin cy da trn cng sut thay v da trn s
lng khch hng. Ch s ny quan trng i vi phn ln cc khch hng cng
nghip hay thng mi. N cn c dng cho cc mng cng cng th loi
khch hng khng a dng lm. Tng t nh SAIFI, n cho bit thng tin v tn
sut trung bnh mt in duy tr.
So kVA ket noi vao he thong b mat
CEMIn
Ch s ny dng theo di s lng n khch hng mt in thong qua ca
mt tp cc khch hng ring bit. Mc ch ca n l gip nhn bit nhng kh
khn ca khch hng m khng th thy c khi s dng ch s trung bnh. N
c xc nh bng:
CEMIn =
CEMSMIn
Ch s ny dng theo di s lng n khch hng mt in ko di v mt
in thong qua ca mt tp cc khch hng ring bit. Mc ch ca n l gip
159
nhn bit nhng kh khn ca khch hng m khng th thy c khi s dng ch
s trung bnh.
CEMSMIn =
NO
Source
Tt c cc phn t u ni tip.
: cng s c
i
Customer Interruption.Durations U i N i
=
N
Customers Served
(37)
(38)
Customer Interruptions
Customer Interrupted
(39)
8760 U i N
8760
(40)
(ASAI<1)
Ch tiu ny c biu din di dng phn s ca thi gian (thng l phn trm),
ni ln thi gian c in ca khch hng trong nm hay trong thi gian c nh
trc.
II.1.6. ENS = La(i)ui
Tng in nng khng c cung cp bi h thng
La(i): cng sut ti trung bnh ti nt i
Ui: thi gian ct in hng nm
Trong bi ton phn tch DRA, PSS/ADEPT ch nhn mnh 4 ch s u tin
nh gi tin cy ca mt li in.
161
162
Li phn phi bao gm 1 Recloser (B1), 3 cu ch (F1, F2, F3) v 4 nhm khch
hng (C1, C2, C3, C4). Gi nh rng Re c thit t thng s cho ng cong ct
nhanh. cho n gin, gi nh rng khng c hin tng s c no xy ra trn
nhnh v cc thit b. Cc thng s tin cy ca cc thit b l zero. Do , tt c cc
ch s tin cy li in l zero. Gi nh rng kW/ mi khch hng theo mc nh l
3.
163
164
Ht chng !
165
CHNG 9:
CC VN KHC CA
LI IN PHN PHI
CHNG 9:
CC VN KHC CA LI IN
Hin nay, c pha ngnh in v khch hng u quan tm nhiu hn n cht
lng in nng. Thut ng Cht lng in nng bt u xut hin nhiu trong
ngnh in t cui thp nin 1980. y l mt thut ng ni n nhng g c th
gy xo trn h thng in
Hn na, lng in nng c sn sut ra t cc nh my in (nhit in,
thy in, nguyn t...) c vn chuyn n cc h tiu th, cc x nghip, nh
my, khu vc cng nghip...thng qua dy dn v trm bin p. Dy dn v my
bin p u c in tr v in khng, nn khi c dng in chy qua dy dn, my
bin p; th bao gi cng c mt tn tht nht nh v cng sut tc dng P v
cng sut phn khng Q. Lng in nng mt mt ny bin thnh nhit lm
nng dy dn v my bin p, ta ra mi trng xung quanh, gy nh hng xu
cho mng in. Lng in nng tn tht , tt nhin, phi do nh my in cung
cp. Th l, mt s thit b in ca nh my khng c dng vo nhng vic c
ch; m tri li, ch dng c vo vic cung cp cho s nng lng mt mt dc
ng dy .
Vn xc nh tn tht in nng trong mng in hin nay ang l nhim
v ht sc thit thc, khng nhng i vi cc c quan qun l v phn phi in,
m ngay c i vi cc h dng in. Phng php xc nh tn tht in nng
thng thng nht, l so snh sn lng in u vo v u ra, nhng thng
mc phi nhng sai st ln - do mt s nguyn nhn sau y:
Khng th ly ng thi ch s ca cc cng t ti u ngun v cc im tiu
th in.
Nhiu im ti cn thiu thit b o, hoc thit b o khng ph hp vi ph ti.
S chng loi ng h o rt a dng vi nhiu mc sai s khc nhau, l
cha ni n vic chnh nh ng h o cha chnh xc, hoc khng th chnh
xc do cht lng in khng m bo.
ng nhin, c th s dng phng php o hin i nh dng ng h o
tn tht nng cao chnh xc ca php o, nhng nh vy s rt tn km v
phc tp; khng ph hp vi iu kin kinh t nc ta.
Hin nay c nhiu phng php tnh ton tn tht in nng. Mi phng
php c trng bi nhng thng s tnh ton ban u. Vy nn la chn phng
php tnh ton no m thng s tnh ton ban u d thu thp, kt qu tnh ton
chnh xc cao, l mt nghin cu cn thit.
167
168
Customer Perception
Neighbor
8%
Other
3%
Customer
12%
Natural
60%
Utility
17%
Utility Perception
Neighbor
8%
Customer
25%
Other
0%
Natural
66%
Utility
1%
169
Time (ms)
Current (kA)
0
-5 0
-10
20
40
60
-15
-20
-25
-30
Hnh 1
170
80
Current (A)
5000
2500
0
-2500
-5000
-7500
3
Time (ms)
Hnh 2
Dng in qu dao ng do chuyn mch ca t in
2,0
Voltage(V
1,0
0,5
0
-0,5
-1,0
-1,5
20
40
60
Time (ms)
Hnh 3
171
80
100
600000
Voltage(V
400000
20000
0
-200000
-400000
-600000
0
20
400
600
Time (ms)
800
Hnh 4
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0,5
1,5
2
Time (ms)
2,5
3,5
50
100
75
Time (ms)
125
150
175
150
100
50
%
0
-50
-100
-150
25
Hnh 5
173
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0,05
0,1
0,15
0,2
Time (ms)
50
100
75
Time (ms)
0,25
0,3
0,35
150
175
150
100
50
% 0
-50
-100
-150
25
Hnh 6
174
125
Voltage
RMS 105
100
95
90
%
85
80
75
0
3,5
2,5
1,5
2
3
Time (ms)
Hnh 7 Minh ho cho trng hp in p gim xung tm thi do khi ng ng c.
0,5
0,05
0,1
0,15
0,2
Time (ms)
50
100
75
Time (ms)
0,25
0,3
0,35
150
175
150
100
50
%
0
-50
-100
-150
25
125
3
2,5
2
1,5
1
0,5
0
Mon
Tue
Wen
Thu
Fri
Sat
Sun
Mon
Hnh 9
40
50
60
70
80
Time (ms)
600
1200
Frequence(Hz)
1800
Hnh 10
I.4.7.3. Interhamonics
Nhng in p hoc dng in c cc thnh phn tn s khng phi l mt s
nguyn ln tn s ca h thng c gi l interharmonic. Chng c th xut hin
di dng mt tn s ring l hoc mt dy quang ph.
Ngun chnh to ra interharmonic l converter, cycloconverter, cc ng
c cm ng hay cc thit b h quang.
177
I.4.7.4. Notching
Notching l nhng xo trn in p c tnh chu k do nhng hot ng bnh
thng ca cc thit b in t cng sut khi dng in chuyn i t pha ny sang
pha khc.
Hnh 2.11 l v d l mt v d v Notching in p trong h thng converter.
The notches xut hin khi dng in chuyn i t pha ny sang pha khc, trong
thi im ny dng ngn mch tm thi xut hin gia cc pha lm cho in p trn
tng tr h thng gn nh bng 0.
1000
Voltage(V
500
0
-500
-1000
0,02
0,025
0,03
0,035
0,04
0,045
Time (ms)
Hnh 11
I.4.7.5. Nhiu
Nhiu c nh ngha l cc tn hiu in khng mong mun vi dy quang
ph rng di 200kHz c thm vo dng in hoc in p trn cc pha hay
trung tnh h thng hay cc ng dy tn hiu.
Nhiu trong h thng in do cc thit b in t cng sut, cc mch iu
khin, cc thit b h quang, cc ti vi mch chnh lu. Nhng vn v nhiu s
c gim bt nu s dng cc b lc, cc my bin p cch ly.
178
Voltage (V pu )
1,5
1,0
0,5
0
-0,5
-1,0
-1,5
25
50
100
75
Time (ms)
125
150
175
Hnh 12
I.4.8. S dao ng in p:
S dao ng in p l nhng thay i c h thng ca ng bao in p
hoc nhng thay i lin tc mang tnh cht ngu nhin, bin ca in p dao
ng khng vt qu 0.9 n 1.1 pu (theo ANSI C84.1-198210)
I.4.9. Nhng thay i tn s ngun in:
Nhng thay i tn s ngun in c nh ngha l s thay i tn s c
bn ca h thng in vi gi tr khng ng k.
Tn s ngun c xc nh bng tc quay ca my pht. C nhng thay
i nh v tn s s lm cn bng ng gia my pht v ti thay i. thay i
v thi gian thay i ca tn s ph thuc vo c tnh ca ti v p ng ca h
thng iu khin my pht thay i ti.
Nhng thay i tn s vt qu gii hn cho php ca hot ng n nh ca
h thng c th gy ra s c ln trn h thng truyn ti nh s sa thi ti ln hay
cc my pht s tch ra khi li.
179
Tn tht cng sut phn khng Q tuy khng nh hng trc tip n mc ph
tn v nhin liu nhng gy ra tnh trng khng cng sut phn khng cung
cp cho cc h tiu th in.
Gim tn tht cng sut v in p trong mng in c th thc hin bng gii
php thay i dng cng sut phn khng. thc hin iu , ngi ta t ngun
cng sut phn khng gn h tiu th in v ni song song vi ph ti. Cc ngun
cng sut phn khng c th l cc my b ng b, cc t in v cc ngun tnh
ca cng sut phn khng.
II.2. Tn tht in p
II.2.1. Trng hp 1 ph ti tp trung
U1
Z = R + jX
2
U2
S1 = P1 + jQ1
S2 = P2 + jQ2
Hnh 13 S ng dy c mt ph ti tp trung
U = 3U p = 3 ( IR cos + IX sin )
PR
QX
=
+
Hay U = 3
3U m
3U m
PR + QX
U m
QR
hay U = 3
3
3
U
U
m
m
PX QR
U m
P R + Q2 X
U 1 = U 2 + 2
U2
P2 X Q2 R
+
U2
P R + Q1 X
U 2 = U 1 + 1
U1
P1 X Q1 R
+
U1
U
U 2 + U
U
U 1 U 1
P1 + jQ1
R1X1
P2 + jQ2
R2X2
Pb + jQb
181
Pc + jQc
P1 R1 + Q1 X 1 P2 R2 + Q2 X 2
+
U m
U m
U =
(P R
i =1
+ Qi X i )
U m
L2
L2
U = 3 iro
cos + ix o
sin
2
2
182
L
L
dx
L
Hnh 15 S ng dy c ph ti phn b u
2
P2 + jQ2
P1 + jQ1
3 P3 + jQ3
D
PC + jQC
PD +
jQD
PI RI + QI X I ( PB + PC + PD ) R1 + (QB + QC + QD ) X 1
=
U m
U m
P1 R1 + Q1 X 1 P3 R3 + Q3 X 3
+
U m
U m
( PB + PC + PD ) R1 + PD R3 + (QB + QC + QD ) X 1 + QD X 3
U m
t RD = R1 + R3
XD = X1 + X3
XB = X1
Suy ra U AD =
( PB + PC ) RB + PD RD + (QB + QC ) X 1 + QD X D
U m
( PA + PB + PC ) R1 + PC R2 + (Q A + QB + QC ) X 1 + QD X 2
U m
I0 = I A+ I B+ IC
U o = I o ro vi r0 l in tr ca dy trung tnh
Hay c th vit:
.
U 0 = I A ro + I B ro + I C ro
U pA = I A r
U pB = I B r
vi r l in tr dy pha
184
U pC = I C r
m r =
vi
PA
0 .5
(r + ro ) +
( PB + PC )ro
U m
U m
L
L
v r0 =
S
S o
L: Chiu di ng dy
S, S0: Tit din dy pha v dy trung tnh
Um: in p nh mc
PA L
U m
1 1
L
+
( PB + PC )
S S o 2S oU m
L
( PA + PC )
2S oU m
U B =
PB L
U m
1 1
+
S So
U C =
PC L
U m
1 1
L
+
( PA + PB )
S S o 2S oU m
U A =
Ai
i =1
Li
U m
n
1 1
n
1
+
PCi Li + PBi Li
i =1
S S o 2S oU m i =1
U B =
P
i =1
Bi
U m
n
U C =
Li
P
i =1
Ci
Li
U m
n
1 1
1
n
+
PAi Li + PCi Li
i =1
S S o 2S oU m i =1
1 1
+
S So
1
PAi Li + PBi Li
i =1
2S oU m i =1
185
trong : P = 3RI2 =
v Q = 3XI2 =
S2
P2 + Q2
X
X
=
U2
U2
S1
S2
R1 + jX1
S2
R2 + jX2
SB
Hnh 17 ng dy c hai ph ti ti B v C
P2''2 + Q2''2
R2
U c2
v Q2 =
P2''2 + Q2''2
X2
U c2
SC
= P1 + jQ1
Tn tht cng sut trn ng dy ca on 1 l:
P1 =
Q1 =
'' 2
'' 2
'' 2
'' 2
P1 + Q1
R1
2
UB
P1 + Q1
UB
X1
vy S1 = P1 + jQ1
mng in phn phi, in p UB = UC = Um, v c th xem S2 = S2,
khi :
2
R1
X 1
S
P = C
U m
S + SB
R2 + C
U m
S
Q = C
U m
S + SB
R2 + C
U m
II.3.3. ng dy c ph ti phn b u
Xt trng hp mng in c ph ti phn b u, vi nhng khong cch gn
bng nhau c ph ti bng nhau, coi nh l ph ti phn b u. thun tin trong
tnh ton, ta c th xem nh dng in bin thin t l vi chiu di dy dn.
A
dx
y
I
ib
x
0
x
L
Hnh 18 ng dy ph ti phn b u
187
Ix
L
Ix
Vy dP = 3IB dr = 3 ro dx
L
2
Ix
2
2
ro dx = ro LI = RI
L
P = 3
0
S1
1
S2
B
3
C
S3
SC = PC +jQC
SAD = S1 + S2
SAC = S1 + S3
S = S0 + S2 + S3
188
SD = PD +jQD
189
UB(0) = 1 UA(0)
UB(1) = a2 UA(1)
UB(2) = a UA(2)
UC(0) = 1 UA(0)
UC(1) = a UA(1)
UC(2) = a2 UA(2)
190
Nh vy, ta c:
UA = 1 UA(0) + 1 UA(1) + 1 UA(2)
UB = 1 UA(0) + a2 UA(1) + a UA(2)
UC = 1 UA(0) + a UA(1) + a2 UA(2)
C th gii h phng trnh trn bng ma trn i s:
. (0)
U A
.
(1)
A U A
.
U A ( 2 )
. (0)
1 U A
. (1)
a U A =
.
a 2 U A ( 2 )
.
U A 1 1
U. = 1 a 2
. B
U C 1 a
.
. ( 0)
U A
U A
.
.
(1)
1
=> U A = A U A =
.
.
U A
U A ( 2)
1 1
1
1 a
3
2
1 a
.
1 U A
.
a 2 U A
.
a U A
.
I A 1 1
I. = 1 a 2
.B
I C 1 a
. (0)
I A
.
(1)
A I A
.
I A ( 2 )
tng t, ta cng c:
. (0)
I A
I. (1) =
.A
I A ( 2 )
1 1
1
1 a
3
2
1 a
.
1 I A
.
a 2 I A
.
a I A
S 3
S 3
. ( 0)
U A
.
(1)
= U A
.
U A ( 2)
. (0)
. ( 0)
U A
I A
.
.
(1)
(1)
= AT U A A* I A
.
.
U A ( 2 )
I A ( 2)
1 1
2
1 a
1 a
a
a 2
1 1
1 a
1 a 2
a2
a
. ( 0)
I A
I. (1)
.A
I A ( 2)
.
. ( 0 ) . (1)
S 3 = 3.U A
UA
. ( 0)
1
0
0
I A
.
. (1)
( 2 )
U A 0 1 0 I A
. ( 2)
0 0 1 I A
. ( 0)
I A
.
.
( 2 )
(1)
U A I A
.
I A ( 2)
.
. ( 0) . (1)
S 3 = 3.U A
UA
S 3 = 3U A
(0)
( 0)
(1)
(1)
I A + 3U 1 I A + 3U A
( 2)
IA
( 2)
. (1)
. ( 2)
S = S + S
. (0)
+S
= P + jQ
trong :
P = 3I(0)2R(0) + 3I(1)2R(1) +3I(2)2R(2) l tn tht cng sut tc dng
Q = 3I(0)2X(0) + 3I(1)2X(1) +3I(2)2X(2) l tn tht cng sut phn khng
Xt mt bi ton thc t vi li phn phi, mch ba pha ngun ni Y, ti
bt i xng, xc nh dng in trn cc pha IA, IB, IC v dng trn dy trung tnh
Io ?
Chn nt 0 lm gc chun o = 0
Phng trnh th cho mt nt:
(YA + YB + YC + Yo) o = UAYA + UBYB + UCYC
.
U 0 '0
U A YA + U B YB + U C YC
=
YA + YB + YC + Y0
1
ZA
YB =
1
ZB
YC =
1
ZC
Y0 =
1
Z0
V ngun l i xng nn in p xc nh
UA = Up; UB = a2Up; UC = aUp
Sau khi tm c U00, ta tnh c in p cc pha ti:
U = UA U00; UB = UB U00; UC = UC U00
Dng in trn cc pha v trung tnh:
.
U 'A
IA =
ZA
.
U 'C
IC =
Z 'C
.
U 'B
IB =
Z 'B
.
U ' 0 '0
I0 =
Z0
.
A = RI 2 (t )dt
O
A = i=1 RI i2 t i
Trong : + R: in tr dy dn ( ).
+ I i : Dng in trung bnh trong khong thi gian ti.
I(A)
I5.
I4.
I2
. I1
.
t1
.
.
.
t2
t3
t4
th ph ti I(A)
I3
.
t5
t
.
t6
A = R. I 2 max.
Trong : + = f(Imax, cos): thi gian tn tht cng sut ln nht. + I max:
Dng in cc i qua dy dn (A). + R: in tr dy dn.
Trong biu thc trn, tr s ca Imax v R d dng tm c, ch cn xt cch xc
: H s ph ti.
+ K pt = tb =
Pmax U .Im ax.cos .T
+ A: in nng tiu th (KWh).
+ I max : Dng in cc i qua dy dn (A).
+ T: thi gian kho st tn tht in nng (h).
+ cos: H s cng sut.
+ B:H s hnh dng ph thuc vo cu trc li in
III.2.1.5. Phng php hai ng thng ca Edmond Borard (B):
A =
RA
(T.U.Imax.cos +2A)
3.T .U 2 .cos2
Trong : R: in tr dy dn ( ).
A: in nng tiu th (Kwh).
T: Thi gian kho st tn tht in nng (h).
Cos: H s cng sut.
Imax: dng in cc i qua dy dn (A) .
U: in p pha (V).
6. Phng php xc nh tn tht theo l thuyt xc sut: (TLTK: PTS
Trn Quang Khnh -Trng i hc Nng nghip I).
A = 3. M ( I 2 ). R.T .10 3 .
+ M(I2): l k vng ton bnh phng dng in (A).
M(I2)=[M(I)]2+D(I).
M(I),D(I): k vng ton hc v phng sai dng in
+ R: in tr ng tr ca mng in ( ).
Trong :
Pm .10 3
3I 2 m
vi Pm=k.Im. Um. (KW)
- Um: tn hao in p cc i trn ng dy, tnh n
R=
A2 r + A2 x
3U 2 tbT 2
196
(I)=[M(I)]2.kbi2.
kbi =
I m M (I )
M ( I ). t 1
Axi= Ari. .
X
R
0i
. li
0i
. li
A 2r2 + A x2
3.U 2 .T 2
2
RBA =
U 2 m . Pcui .10 3
i
( S mi ) 2
i
Afe=
U22
. T. Pfei .
U 2 m
i
Vi Pfei - tn hao cng sut trong li thp ca my bin p th i.
Tng tn tht in nng tc dng trong ton mng phn phi l:
A = Ari + Acu + A fe
Nhn Xt: Ngoi tr phng php 3 c dng ch yu trong thit k mng in
khu vc vi gi thit bit trc Imax v cos Phng php 6 p dng theo c s l
thuyt xc sut thng k; vic tn tht in nng y ch cn da vo cc d kin
v lng in nng tiu th ti u vo, dng in cc i ca mng v mc chnh
lch in p gia u v cui ng trc. Cc thng s ny c th xc nh rt d
dng bng cc thit b o thng dng.
24
R.I .t .
i=1
2
i
198
Tnh kh thi: phng php ny a ra 1 cng thc tnh n gin bng gii
tch. Tuy nhin, vic xc nh dng in trong tng gi ca sut thi gian
kho st, cng lc vi hng trm ph ti ca 1 khu vc li trung th, h th
l iu m ngnh in chng ta hin nay khng th thc hin c.
B/ Phng php 4:
A = R. I 2 max . K TT .T .
vi K TT = B. kpt + (1 B). k 2 pt
kpt =
Cng thc:
Ppt
A
=
Pmax 24. I max .U.cos
200
Thnh phn
Kt qu
HT 110
HT 66
17.62
0.82
18.44
4.76
1.74
6.50
22.37
2.56
24.94
75,629
8,667
84,297
18,694
4,923
23,617
94,323
13,590
107,913
1,195
205
1400
5,892,724 1,010,886
6903610
P 110, DP 66 [MW]
Tn tht in nng c ti nm
A1 nm [Mwh]
Tn tht in nng nm
A nm [Mwh]
Ph ti cc i ti thanh ci trung th
Tng
P max [MW]
8
A nct nm [Mwh]
10
T l tn tht in nng c nm
A % nm [%]
201
1.35
0.19
1.54
Tn khu vc h th
a im
Bn knh
c.cp in
[m]
Li ABC:
Sn lng tn tht in T l tn
in
nng t [kwh/ tht in
[kwh/
thng]
nng
thng]
[kwh/
Thng]
86,369
838,380
10.30
T Hthnh
Q10
1x320
ABC95
380
93,040
9,741
10.47
Hoa L 4
Q10
3x37,5
ABC95
130
27,920
2,551
9.14
Vn Hnh
Q10
1x300
ABC95
180
34,700
3,410
9.83
An Quang 2/2
Q11
1x400
ABC95
260
73,680
7,650
10.38
L quang sung
Q.6
1x250
ABC95
100
58,640
5,430
9.26
Cng Ho 3A
Q.3
1x400
2xABC95
230
115,200
12,351
10.72
1x160
ABC95
380
11,460
1,250
10.91
1x160
ABC95
400
25,860
2,358
9.12
Hu Giang 162
Q.6
1x200
ABC95
140
34,880
3,740
10.72
Th c
1x400
ABC95
400
138,000
14,752
10.69
11 Bnh Trng 8
Th c
1x400
ABC95
400
58,600
6,024
10.28
12 Ph Trung 1-6
Q.TBnh
1x400
ABC95
250
166,400
17,112
10.28
725,140
76,852
10.60
Li ng:
CX NH HDUC
Q11
1x250
3M48+M22
300
70,860
7,950
11.22
Q10
1x250
3M48+M22
310
53,340
6,324
11.86
C Bc 3
Q.3
1x225
3M48+M22
250
139,600
15,496
11.10
Thng Hin 3
Q.3
3x75
3M48+M22
220
74,460
7,960
10.69
Vn Sm 1/2
Q.1
1x300
3M48+M22
250
55,700
5,632
10.11
Pht Thanh 4
Q.3
3x50
3M48+M22
250
39,800
4,036
10.14
Minh Phng 5
Q.10
1x400
3M60+M48
370
156,480
16,117
10.30
Cy G 3
Q.6
3x100
3M48+M22
130
44,200
4,123
9.33
Hng Phong 3
Q.TBnh
1x320
3M95+M22
280
90,700
9,214
10.16
202
Li h th ABC
S my
My 1 pha
Sn lng nm
(KWh)
426650 KVA
Li h th ng, nhm
S my
Tng cng
Sn lng
nm (KWh)
12375 KVA
S my
Sn lng nm
(KWh)
439025 KVA
1x
25
500
31500000
38
2394000
538
33894000
1x
37.5
444
41958000
40
3780000
484
45738000
1x
50
2450
308700000
58
7308000
2508
316008000
1x
75
1800
340200000
55
10395000
1855
350595000
1x
100
1400
352800000
29
7308000
1429
360108000
My 3 pha
928298 KVA
49292.5 KVA
977590 KVA
3x
25
189000
189000
378000
3x
37.5
283500
283500
567000
3x
50
378000
378000
756000
3x
75
1134000
567000
1701000
3x
100
24
18144000
3024000
28
21168000
1x
160
480
193536000
20
8064000
500
201600000
1x
250
670
422100000
19
11970000
689
434070000
1x
320
520
419328000
51
41126400
571
460454400
1x
400
1200
1209600000
55
55440000
1255
1265040000
1x
630
47
74617200
3175200
49
77792400
9540
3414467700
375
155402100
9915
3569869800
Tng cng
203
Bng 3:
Li h th
1. Li h th s dng cp ABC
2. Li h th s dng dy nhm
hoc ng
Li h th ton Thnh ph
S khu
vc nm
2001
6,000
500
Tng sn lng
nm 2001
[Kwh/nm]
3,414,467,700
155,402,100
T l
tn tht
[%]
11.06
11.49
Tng t n tht
nm 2001
[KWh/nm]
377,544,989
17,855,127
6,500
3,569,869,800
11.08
395,400,116
STT
Tn tuyn dy
c im
1 Ph Th Ha -BQ
Dy ni 15 KV
2 Ph Bnh
Dy ni 15 KV
5,257,758.2
162,627.5
98,659.3
3.09
1.88
3 Qc ton
Dy ni 15 KV
5,074,861.6
144,565.9
97,383.9
2.85
1.92
4 Thp t
Dy ni 15 KV
3,576,484.5
94,627.7
80,672.1
2.65
2.26
5 a phc
Dy ni 15 KV
3,964,914.8
98,318.9
72,734.7
2.48
1.83
625,549.4 461,997.8
2.84
2.10
Dy ni ni thnh
22,014,608.5
6 Phc Sn
Dy ni 15 KV
2,192,085.3
44,254.0
46,534.1
2.02
2.12
7 Tn Kin
Dy ni 15 KV
2,312,970.7
43,113.6
60,849.7
1.86
2.63
8 Th c Phn Phi 1 Dy ni 15 KV
2,069,076.7
53,834.6
39,900.2
2.60
1.93
141,202.2 147,284.0
2.15
2.24
Dy ni ngoi thnh
9 TSF
6,574,132.7
Cp ngm 15 KV
2,373,129.1
44,399.5
52,685.2
1.87
2.22
10 L Heo
Cp ngm 15 KV
3,613,865.3
68,943.6
66,962.4
1.91
1.85
11 Gia nh
Cp ngm 15 KV
1,299,547.8
25,358.1
28,135.6
1.95
2.17
12 Vn hc
Cp ngm 15 KV
2,439,572.4
55,076.2
51,455.1
2.26
2.11
193,777.4 199,238.3
1.99
2.05
Cp ngm 15KV
9,726,114.6
13 Thnh Thi
Cp ngm 6,6 KV
1,654,223.2
35,763.3
29,657.3
2.16
1.79
14 Hm T
Cp ngm 6,6KV
1,447,513.0
29,857.7
24,934.5
2.06
1.72
3,101,736.2
65,621.0
54,591.8
2.12
1.76
Cp ngm 6.6KV
204
Ni dung
1. Dy ni ni
thnh
2. Dy ni
ngoi thnh
3. Cp ngm
15kV
4. Cp ngm
6,6kV
Tng cng
Tn tht [KWh]
T l sn
lng /
sn lng tng
[%]
ng dy
MBT
ng dy
MBT
2.84
2.1
100,592,800
74,382,000
46
1,925,000,000
2.15
2.24
41,387,500
43,120,000
25
2,156,000,000
1.99
2.05
42,904,400
44,198,000
28
77,000,000
2.12
1.76
1,632,400
1,355,200
7,700,000,000
2.42
2.10
186,517,100
163,055,200
100
3,542,000,000
205
Bng 5:
Tn trm ngt my bin th 15/6,6KV
STT
Khng ti
C ti
Tng
1 Ch Qun
- 3T
- 4T, 5T
12
8856
23205
32061
2 x 20
25632
57330
82962
2 x 3,5
9648
18291
27939
3.5
4824
9145.5
13969.5
2 x 3,5
9648
18291
27939
58608 126262.5
184870.5
2 Hai B Trng
- 1T, 2T
3 Trn Qu Cp
- 1T
- 2T, 3T
Tng cng
Bng 6:
S liu
1. Tng dung lng t b trung th
4. Tn tht in nng trong t b trung th
5. T l tn tht in nng trong t b trung th (8 (%)
n v tnh
KVAR
Kwh
%
Kt qu
245,100
3.220.614
0.04
Ht chng !
206
207
[18]. Hong Kim (Ch bin), K thut lp trnh m phng : Th gii thc v ng
dng, 1997, Nh xut bn Thng k.
[19]. Trn nh Long, Qui hoch h thng nng lng, 1999, Nh xut bn Khoa
hc k thut.
[20]. Trn nh Long, L thuyt h thng, 1999, Nh xut bn Khoa hc k thut.
[21]. Nguyn Vn m, Mng li in, Tp 1, 2, 2000. Nh xut bn Khoa hc k
thut.
[22]. Nguyn Hng Thi, Phn t t ng trong h thng in, 2000. Nh xut bn
Khoa hc k thut.
[23]. Cao Ho Thi, M hnh m phng, 1999, Tp bi ging chuyn .
[24]. L Vn t, Phn tch & iu khin n nh h thng in, 2000. Nh xut bn
Khoa hc k thut.
[25]. Nguyn Ngc H, ng Anh Tun, M phng vn hnh li in, 2000, Hi
ngh tin hc ln I, Cng ty in lc TP HCM.
[26]. Nguyn Ngc H, ng Anh Tun, ng dng cng ngh GIS qun l li
in phn phi, Hi ngh tin hc ln I, Cng ty in lc TP HCM.
[27]. PSS/ADEPT 5.0, Users Guide Shaw Power Technologies - 04 / 2004
[28]. H Vn Hin - H thng in truyn ti v phn phi NXB i hc quc gia
TP. H Ch Minh 2003
[29]. V Ngc Tc M hnh ha v m phng bng my tnh NXB Gio dc
2001
[30]. Nguyn Hong Vit Bo v Rle v t ng ha NXB i hc Quc Gia
TPHCM 2003
[31]. C.Russell Mason The Acrt and Science of protective relaying 1967
[32]. Cooper power system Electrical Distribution system Protection 1990
[33]. Cng ty in lc TPHCM Bo co chuyn PSS/ADEPT Phng k thut
cng ty- Thng 08- 2004
[34]. Copper Power Systems- Overcurrent Protection For Distribution SystemSeminar Notes and Reference Materials - 1995
[35]. URL
http://www.pti-us.com
208
DNG PHN MM
PHN TCH V
TNH TON LI IN
PSS/ADEPT
The Power System Simulator/Advanced
Distribution Engineering Productivity TooL
Phn 2
Hng dn s dng
S DNG PHN MM
PHN TCH V TNH
TON LI IN
PSS/ADEPT
Bin son-Trnh by:
Nguyn Hu Phc
ng Anh Tun
Ch bin:
PGS. TS. Nguyn Hu Phc
Li ni u
Li in phn phi v truyn ti khng ngng pht trin m rng v qui
m cng nh phc tp. Theo , cc yu cu cung cp in lin tc cho khch
hng vi cht lng in nng ngy cng cao cng gia tng. Thit b trn li
in phn phi hin nay vn c c im l a dng v chng loi, phc tp v
cu to. Qu trnh vn hnh nhm thc hin nhng thao tc mang tnh lp i lp
li nhiu ln nhng li i hi chnh xc cao v vy rt cn thit phi t ng
ha bng cch a nhiu thit b t ng, x l thng tin t ng nhm tng kh
nng truyn t v x l thng tin. Bng my tnh v cc phn mm chuyn dng
chng ta c th ngn chn trc v hn ch hng hc trong qu trnh vn hnh
li in. Nhng thnh tu mi v Cng ngh Thng tin nh v kh nng lu tr
ca phn cng, tc tnh ton, cc phng php h chuyn gia, mng
neuron, cung cp nhng phng tin v cng c mnh tng cng nghin
cu m rng ng dng trong lnh vc in nng. m bo v gi vng mi lin
h hu c ca cc thnh phn trong h thng sn xut truyn ti, phn phi v s
dng in nng.
p ng kp thi cc yu cu trn, t thng 01-2005 Tng cng ty in
lc Vit Nam (EVN) trc y, nay l Tp on in lc Vit Nam ch o
p dng th im phn mm PSS/ADEPT tnh ton li in theo a bn do
cc n v trc thuc qun l.
Phn mm PSS/ADEPT c pht trin dnh cho cc k s v nhn vin k
thut trong ngnh in. N c s dng nh mt cng c thit k v phn
tch li in phn phi. PSS/ADEPT cng cho php chng ta thit k, chnh sa
v phn tch s li v cc m hnh li in mt cch trc quan theo giao
din ha vi s nt khng gii hn. Thng 04-2004, hng Shaw Power
Technologies cho ra i phin bn PSS/ADEPT 5.0 vi nhiu tnh nng b
sung v cp nht y cc thng s thc t ca cc phn t trn li in.
Cng ty in lc 2-Tp on in lc Vit Nam (EVN) phi hp cng
Khoa in-in t trng i hc Bch Khoa thnh ph H Ch Minh nghin
cu p dng phn mm ny. Cng ty in lc 2 thc hin tp hun cho cc n
v trc thuc nhm trang b kh nng s dng phn mm chun tnh ton v phn
tch li in da trn phn mm PSS/ADEPT. iu ny, nhm gip Cng ty
in lc 2 tng bc h thng ho, chun ho kin thc p dng tnh ton v
in trong cc hot ng ca Cng ty nht l cng tc qun l k thut vn hnh
li in. u tin l cc bi ton: phn b cng sut trn li, ngn mch, b
II
Tm tt ni dung
Gio trnh ny c bin son phc v cho cc bui tp hun s dng phn
mm phn tch v tnh ton li in PSS/ADEPT 5.0. Gio trnh gm cc phn:
Phn 1: Kin thc chun b yu cu-n tp kin thc
Phn 2: Hng dn s dng PSS/ADEPT
Phn 3: Cc k nng s dng phn mm PSS/ADEPT-Phn cn bn
Phn 4: Cc k nng s dng phn mm PSS/ADEPT-Phn nng cao
hc vin cc n v nm bt v p dng nhanh, cn c thm cc phn:
Phn 5: Cm nang s dng
Phn 6: Thut ng Anh-Vit i chiu qua cc slide bi ging phn
mm PSS/ADEPT
Phn 7: Cc slide bi ging ca chuyn gia PTI software.
Ngoi ra cn c Gio trnh in t lu tr trn a CD-ROM: Gm cc ti
liu a phng tin (Multimedia) h tr thm cho cc hc vin chun b bi hc
trc khi ln lp, n tp sau kha hc v a phng cng tc. c thc hin
bng k thut lp trnh Web v x l Multimedia (dng phim c m thanh, Web
page,)
Cc chng trnh chuyn i:
1. Chng trnh Chuyn Excel DAT File.
2. Chng trnh Chuyn DAT File Excel.
3. Chng trnh x l s liu u vo
4. Chng trnh Tnh Cng Sut Ngun.
5. Chng trnh Tnh Tng Tr My Bin Th.
6. Chng trnh chia s PSS/ADEPT qua mng LAN, WAN v internet
7. H thng cc bi tp trc nghim trn my tnh sut kho hc
8. Chng trnh thi kt thc kho hc bng trc nghim trc tip trn my
tnh
V cc CD-ROM:
-CD1: Gio trnh in t h tr
-CD2: Cc bi ging v bi tp
III
-CD3: D liu li in
-CD4: D liu li in (tt) v source cc chng trnh h PSS/*
-CD5: Cc chng trnh h tr kho hc
Gm cc ti nguyn hc tp nh: ti liu tham kho, Users Guide, website
PTI (offline, xem khng cn kt ni internet), web documents, source software
PSS/ADEPT and untilities, cc phn mm chuyn i d liu v demo phc v
ng dng tnh ton bng PSS/ADEPT,
Qua kinh nghip tp hun v gip cc hc vin thuc cc n v in lc
p dng nhanh phn mm PSS/ADEPT. Chng ti ch trng chnh vo 4 mc
tiu p dng trin khai PSS/ADEPT nh sau:
Thit lp thng s mng li
Program, network settings
To s
Creating diagrams
BO CO
Reports, diagrams
IV
VI
Ch
Lin quan
V d, bi tp
Lu tp tin v d mu
D liu mu c sn trn CD-ROM/DATA
Ht chng !
VII
Ht chng
Mc lc tng qut
Phn Mt: Kin thc chun b
CHNG 1: M HNH LI IN
CHNG 2 PHN B CNG SUT
CHNG 3: NGN MCH
CHNG 4: BI TON KHI NG NG C V XC NH IM DNG TI U
CHNG 5: PHI HP BO V
CHNG 6: SNG HI
CHNG 7: XC NH V TR B TI U
CHNG 8: NH GI TIN CY
CHNG 9: CC VN KHC CA LI IN PHN PHI
Phn Hai: Hng dn s dng phn mm
CHNG 1: HNG DN CI T PHN MM PSS/ADEPT
CHNG 2: HNG DN S DNG PHN MM PSS/ADEPT
PH LC 1: M HNH XUT TUYN DY C LP
PH LC 2: NGUYN TC PHN PHI
PH LC 3: KIU D LIU
Phn Ba: K nng p dng-Phn c bn
CHNG 1: D LIU CHUN B
CHNG 2: CC BC THC HIN
CHNG 3: MT S KT QU P DNG
Phn Bn: Cm nang s dng
Phn Nm: K nng p dng-Phn nng cao
CHNG 1: X L S LIU
CHNG 2: B SUNG CC THNG S VO PHN MM
CHNG 3: BIU DIN, PHN TCH V NH GI KT QU TNH TON H TR
RA QUYT NH
CHNG 4: C KT KINH NGHIM P DNG TI MT S LI IN CA CC
IN LC KHU VC
CHNG 5: QUN L V TNH TON LI IN PHN PHI TRN NN H
THNG THNG TIN A L
CHNG 6: M PHNG VN HNH LI IN
CHNG 7: GII PHP CHIA S KHA CNG PHN MM TRN MY N CHO
NHIU NGI S DNG
CHNG 8: TM HIU MT S PHN MM PHN TCH LI IN KHC
Phn Su: Thut ng Anh-Vit i chiu qua cc slide bi ging
Phn By: Cc slide bi ging ca PTI software
VIII
PSS/ADEPT
Phn Hai:
Hng dn s dng
phn mm
02
IV. To bo co ............................................................................................. 28
CHNG 1:
HNG DN CI T
PHN MM PSS/ADEPT
CHNG 1:
HNG DN CI T PHN MM
PSS/ADEPT
Trong cc phn mm tnh ton v phn tch li in hin nay, phn mm
PSS/ADEPT ca Shaw Power Technologics, Inc c s dng rt ph bin. Mi
phin bn ty theo yu cu ngi dng c bn km kha cng dng chy trn
my n hay my mng. Vi phin bn chy trn n v kha cng km theo, ch
chy c trn mt my tnh duy nht.
Hin nay c nhiu phn mm gii tch li in vi cc chc nng phn tch
tnh ton nh: Phn b cng sut, ngn mch, t t b ti u, phi hp bo
v.v.vVi cc sn phm thng mi nh: APEN Oneliner, h PSS/*, CYME,
EMTP, VPro.v.vCc phn mm ny c thut ton phc tp v thng phi qua
tp hun mi s dng c.
Phn mm PSS/ADEPT (Shaw Power Technologies, Inc) l mt phn mm
phn tch v tnh ton li in rt mnh, phm vi p dng cho li in cao th
cho n h th vi qui m s lng nt khng hn ch v hon ton c th p dng
rng ri trong cc cng ty in lc.
Phn mm PSS/ADEPT c pht trin dnh cho cc k s v nhn vin k
thut trong ngnh in. N c s dng nh mt cng c thit k v phn tch
li in phn phi. PSS/ADEPT cng cho php chng ta thit k, chnh sa v
phn tch s li v cc m hnh li in mt cch trc quan theo giao din
ha vi s nt khng gii hn. Thng 04-2004, hng Shaw Power Technologies
cho ra i phin bn PSS/ADEPT 5.0 vi nhiu tnh nng b sung v cp nht y
cc thng s thc t ca cc phn t trn li in.
Sau y hng dn cch ci t v g phn mm khi s dng vi h thng
my tnh n v mng.
I. Yu cu v cu hnh my tnh
ci t v chy PSS/ADEPT, my tnh cn p ng cu hnh nh sau
B vi x l Pentium III hay Pentium IV 1.6 Hz.
RAM 256 MB.
50 MB dung lng cng cn trng ci t chng trnh.
H iu hnh Windows 2000, Windows XP hay Windows Vista.
Cng parallel hay USB cm kha cng.
Mn hnh vi phn gii SVGA (1024 768 hay cao hn) .
10
11
IV. G PSS/ADEPT
Bn c th g b phn mm PSS/ADEPT ra khi my bng cch vo Control
Panel>Settings chn nt Add/Remove. Sau c thnh phn v cc thng tin ng
k ca phn mm s c g b ra khi my tnh ca bn
Ht chng !
12
CHNG 2:
HNG DN S DNG
PHN MM PSS/ADEPT
CHNG 2:
HNG DN S DNG PHN MM
PSS/ADEPT
PSS/ADEPT (The Power System Simulator/Advanced Distribution
Engineering Productivity Tool) l cng c phn tch li in phn phi.
PSS/ADEPT gm c cc chc nng sau :
Phi hp cc thit b bo v.
PSS/ADEPT gip phn tch v tnh ton li in. Tnh ton v hin th cc
thng s v dng (I), cng sut (P, Q) ca tng tuyn dy (ng trc v nhnh r),
ng gi tnh trng mang ti ca tuyn dy thng qua chc nng phn b cng sut
(Load Flow Analysis). Tnh ton xc nh v tr b ti u (CAPO, ti u ha vic
t t b). Tnh cc thng s SAIFI, SAIDI, CAIFI, CAIDI nh gi tin cy ca
tuyn dy thng qua chc nng DRA. Tnh ton dng ngn mch thng qua chc
nng Fault, Fault All. Chn im dng li ti u (TOPO): chng trnh cho ta
bit im dng li t b tn tht cng sut nht trn tuyn dy . Khi ng ng
c (Motor Starting): chng trnh tnh ton phn tch cc qu trnh xy ra, nh
hng nh th no n tuyn dy, khi c ng c (ng b hay khng ng b) vi
cng sut ln, khi khi ng trong tuyn dy. Phn tch sng hi (Harmonics). Phi
hp cc thit b bo v (Protection Coordination). H tr cho cng tc thit k,
pht trin li in bng cch s dng kt qu tnh ton ca chng trnh ti mi
thi im. D on c qu ti cc phn t trn li in.
14
I. Chc nng
I.1.1. Cc chc nng ng dng:
PSS/ADEPT cung cp y cc cng c ( Tools) cho chng ta trong vic
thit k v phn tch mt lui in c th. Vi PSS/ADEPT, chng ta c th:
V s v cp nht li in trong giao din ha
Vic phn tch mch in s dng nhiu loi ngun v khng hn ch s nt
Hin th kt qu tnh ton ngay trn s li in
Xut kt qu di dng report sau khi phn tch v tnh ton
Nhp thng s v cp nht d dng thng qua data sheet ca mi thit b trn
s
I.1.2. Cc phn h ca PSS/ADEPT:
Nhiu module tnh ton trong h thng in khng c ng gi sn trong
phn mm PSS/ADEPT, nhng chng ta c th mua t nh sn xut tng module
sau khi ci t chng trnh. Cc module bao gm:
Bi ton tnh phn b cng sut (Load Flow module c sn): phn tch v
tnh ton in p, dng in, cng sut trn tng nhnh v tng ph ti c th.
Bi ton tnh ngn mch (All Fault- module c sn): tnh ton ngn mch ti
tt c cc nt trn li, bao gm cc loi ngn mch nh ngn mch 1 pha, 2 pha v
3 pha.
Bi ton TOPO (Tie Open Point Optimization), phn tch im dng ti u:
tm ra nhng im c tn hao cng sut nh nht trn li v chnh l im dng
li trong mng vng 3 pha
Bi ton CAPO (Optimal Capacitor Placement), t t b ti u : tm ra nhng
im ti u t cc t b c nh v t b ng ng sao cho tn tht cng sut
trn li l nh nht
Bi ton tnh ton cc thng s ca ng dy (Line Properties Culculator):
tnh ton cc thng s ca ng dy truyn ti
Bi ton phi hp v bo v ( Protection and Coordination)
Bi ton phn tch sng hi (Hamornics): phn tch cc thng s v nh hng
ca cc thnh phn sng hi trn li.
Bi ton phn tch tin cy trn li in (DRA- Distribution Reliability
Analysis): tnh ton cc thng s tin cy trn li in nh SAIFI, SAIDI,
CAIFI, CAIDI
15
16
II. Cc ca s View:
Ca s ng dng View bao gm 4 ca s chnh:
Diagram View ( lun lun xut hin)
Equipment List View ( chng ta c th hin th hoc n)
Progress View (chng ta c th n i)
Report Preview ( xut hin khi chng ta thc report)
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Results
Reports
Harmonics ( if licensed for this option)
Mi thanh cng c bao gm cc nt cung cp nhanh cc chc nng trong
PSS/ADEPT. Khi chng ta r chut trn cc nt trn thanh cng c, m text box s
hin th gii thch chc nng ca nt lnh .
24
Hnh 27 Ca s ty chn
25
III.5.
Diagram Toolbar
Thanh cng c Diagram Toolbar cung cp nhiu icon biu din cc phn
t ca mt li in trn Diagram View
26
27
IV. To bo co
IV.1. Results Toolbar:
Thanh cng c ny cho php chng ta ty chn hin th kt qu trn s .
Show phase A: Hin th kt qu cho pha A
Show phase B: Hin th kt qu cho pha B
Show phase C: Hin th kt qu cho pha C
Show Max (A,B,C) : Hin th kt qu ln nht trong 3 pha A,B,C
Show Min (A,B,C) : Hin th kt qu nh nht trong 3 pha A,B,C
IV.2.
Reports Toolbar:
Cho php ta xem kt qu bo co sau khi phn tch:
Branch Current by Phase: bo co kt qu dng nhnh tng pha
Node Voltage by Phase: bo co in p nt tng pha
Power Flow Detailed: bo co chi tit kt qu tnh ton phn b cng sut
Power Flow Summary: bo co tng qut tnh ton phn b cng sut
Branch Power Losses: bo co tn tht cng sut trn nhnh
28
29
30
Ht chng !
31
PH LC 1:
M HNH XUT
TUYN DY C LP
PH LC 1:
M HNH XUT TUYN DY C LP
I. TNG QUT
PSS/ADEPT lm vic vi m hnh h thng m khng c cc gi thit t ra
c xt ti vn hnh ba pha v mi dy c m hnh ring. Trong khi phn ny, c
th x l cc xut tuyn ba pha, cng c th c dng cho h thng mt, hai, su
pha hay khc na hoc cho bi ton phn on cc h thng tch bit (chng hn,
gia ng ni tip v mt ng dy truyn ti).
Cc thnh phn h thng c nhn bit bi PSS/ADEPT l:
Ngun in p n, c bin v pha
Dy ring l, vi mi dy c tng tr t thn v h cm vi bt k ng dy
no khc.
in dung gia bt k hai nt no.
My bin th
Ti.
Ngun, dy, my bin th, in dung, v ti c kt ni gia hai nt hay gia
nt v t.
Nt tham chiu u ra PSS/ADEPT l ni t xa, v tt c in th nt
c biu th cho ni t xa. V vy, nu mt h thng c dy trung tnh c kt
ni qua thanh hay li ni t, v c tng tr o c gia ni t v ni t xa,
tng tr ny s c trnh by nh dy chy t mt nt h thng ti nt tham chiu.
II. NT
Tt c cc kt ni ca thit b trong PSS/ADEPT c qui nh l nt. Mi nt
trong m hnh h thng PSS/ADEPT qui nh mt mi ni n gia dy hay cc
ca thit b. (Nt PSS/ADEPT khc vi nt PSSUT, trong nt PSSUT bao bm
ln ti 04 mi khi cn cho mt h thng 3 hay 4 dy trong khi nt PSS/ADEPT
khng nhn bit cu hnh pha h thng)
Mi nt PSS/ADEPT c t tn c n 5 k t; cc k t ny c th c
dng mt cch h thng thun tin lin h gia cc nt PSS/ADEPT v tn nt hay
s gn trong PSSUT. Hnh 3-1, chng hn, trnh by mt phn ca xut tuyn 3 pha
4 dy c 17 nt trong PSSUT v 50 nt trong PSS/ADEPT. Cc tn nt
PSS/ADEPT l 1N ti 17A, vi con s tng ng vi nhn dng nt PSSUT, v k
t hu t biu th pha m nt PSS/ADEPT c gn.
33
III. NGUN
Trong PSS/ADEPT, h thng cn phi c t nht l mt ngun. Mt ngun
trong PSS/ADEPT l in p Thevenin ni tip vi tng tr ngun. Mi ngun c
th c kt ni gia bt k hai nt no, hay gia cc nt n v h thng ni t
xa tham chiu.
in p ca mi ngun cn phi c qui nh theo bin v pha.
IV. NHNH V DY DN
PSS/ADEPT nhn bit nhnh nh cc phn t c tng tr, nhng khng
nhn bit m hnh ng dy truyn ti ring bit. ng hn l, n nhn bit dy
dn chy v kt ni hai nt no , hay bt k nt no v im tham chiu ni t
xa. Mi dy dn chy l mt nhnh ring l c th c c hai tng tr t thn v h
cm vi cc nhnh khc.
34
V. T
Nhnh t c th chy gia hai nt no hay gia mt nt no v ni t xa
tham chiu. Nhnh t trong m hnh PSS/ADEPT c th hin yu t t khng r
rng, hay cc nh hng tng ng ca in dung phn phi ca ng dy
truyn ti. PSS/ADEPT khng m hnh r rng in dung ng dy truyn ti
trong m hnh dy dn ca n. Do cc nhnh t cn m hnh in dung ng
dy phi c xc nh bng cch s dng chng trnh hng s ng dy truyn
ti xc nh in dung phn phi nh l mt hm b tr khng gian ca cc dy
dn, v sau gim in dung phn phi ti in dung khng r rng ca mng
tng ng nhiu dy.
VI. MY BIN TH
PSS/ADEPT s dng m hnh my bin th c t l vng dy c nh c
trnh by trong hnh 3-4. Mi cun dy c th c kt ni gia hai nt, hay gia
nt v ni t xa tham chiu.
S
35
36
37
PH LC 2:
NGUYN TC
PHN PHI
PH LC 2:
NGUYN TC PHN PHI
I. Gii thiu
Cht lng in nng tt l khng d nh ngha v cht lng in nng tt
i vi ng c t lnh c th khng tt cho my tnh c nhn. V d, mt in
ngn hn (nht thi) s khng nh hng ng k n ng c, n, v,v... nhng c
th gy thit hi ln cho cc ng h s, VCRs, v,v... Cc lnh vc chnh cht
lng cng sut c minh ho trong hnh 4-1. mt s c m t nh sau:
Mt in (s gin on). Mt in l mt in p hon ton thng ko di
ngn l t 30 chu k ln ti hng gi (thm ch l ngy trong mt vi trng hp).
Mt in thng c gy ra bi tc ng ca CB hay ch do s c mang li. Mt
vi s gin on ny c th c phn loi l thng trc trong khi cc s gin
on khc l tm thi (nht thi).
Sng (sng st hay sng ngt). Sng l in p ngn hay dng qu c th
c thi gian v cng ngn v bin cao. in hnh, sng gy ra bi thao tc ng
ct hay st nh. Sng c th c to ra bi h tiu th do ng ct ti hay thao tc
ng ct c ch (t, my ct, v.v...). Sng lun lun tn ti trong h thng nhng ch
c trong nhng nm gn y m n mi c ch ti, phn ln l do nhy ca
thit b in t nh VCRs v PCs.
in p thp (p ri). H tiu th m tri qua khong thi gian di (mt vi
giy hay di hn) s dng in p thp hn gii hn in p thp vn hnh danh
nh thch hp (Phm vi ANSI [A] in p phc v v gii hn in p s dng
thp 114 V v 110 V ) c th c xem l tri qua tnh hung in p thp. Tnh
hung nh vy c th c gy ra bi mt s cc yu t nh qu ti hay dy in
nh dn in km, ni xu v/hay st p trn h thng s dng.
Sng hi. C cc thnh phn tn s khng c bn lch tn s cng nghip 60
HZ. Chng c tn s l tch hp bi ca tn s c bn 60 HZ. Cc sng hi l khng
c gii thiu tng qut do tin li hn l do thit b khch hng. V d, ti cng
nghip phi tuyn ln c th to ra sng hi, nu c bin , c th chy ngc li
h thng v nh hng n cc khch hng khc.
in p sag (vng). in p gim ngn hn ko di mt vi giy hay t hn
c phn loi l in p sag. in p sag c th c to ra bi s c trn h thng
phn phi hay truyn ti hay bi ng ngt ti c dng ban u khi ng ln (ng
c, my bin th, ngun dc ln). in p sag c th trm trng, t bit trong
trng hp s c, c th gy cho cc ti c nhy cao phi reset (my tnh, VCR,
ng h, v,v...).
39
40
41
42
43
44
in p nhp nhy
45
46
in p sag
in p sag l in p trng thi n nh gim ngn hn. S gim ny, c th
ko di nhiu giy, c th c nh hng rt nh trn cc ti nhy cm nu st p l
khng nhiu hn 10% hay 20 % hay c nh hng ln (tng t mt in), nu in
p sag l ln (chng hn 50%). in p sag trong cng nghip thng c gy ra
bi ng ti ln. N cng c th xy ra thng trn thc tin, gim trm trng do s
c trn h thng gy ra. Hnh 4-11 cho thy gim in p trm trng do s c my
bin th. Hu ht in p gim trn h thng l do s c trn cng xut tuyn, ti
trm bin p hay ngay c xut tuyn k bn. Trong hu ht cc trng hp, chng
kh d dng xc nh. iu ny ng cho mt s trng hp gim in p, n
thng khng phi l tnh hung gim trm trng khi PLC khng th hon ton b
cho st p v relay in p thp ca PLC tc ng.
47
Hnh 4-12 minh ha cc tnh hung khc. Nh trnh by, s c trn h thng
truyn ti c th nh hng in p khch hng hn 50 dm. Thnh thong, in p
sag ny c th trm trng v gy ra ngt PLCs, my tnh, v,v... Vn thc t l
khng c c h s a phng v nhiu lon h thng khi mt khch hng gi ti
than phin cht lng in v vy s c khng trong h thng phn phi v c l
khng cng trong khu vc.
Qu in p
Cng ty in s dng b iu p v t iu khin in p h thng. Thnh
thong, t bit trong iu kin ti nh, cc thit b ny c th b b qu v to qu
in p t mt vi giy ti nhiu gi (xem hnh 4-13).
48
in p swell
S c t trn h thng 03 pha lm cho in p pha khng b s c tng so vi
t (xem hnh 4-15). in p tng ny c th n 30% cho 4 dy c h thng ni t
nhiu ch v trn 70% cho h thng 3 dy. Khong thi gian in p gia tng, hay
swell, tu theo h thng bo v c th ly thi gian na chu k.
iu chnh in p
Cng ty in lc c th iu chnh qu in p cho ti khch hng. Tuy nhin,
s iu khin ny khng tc thi v khng bo m in p l hng s, nhng n
thun l duy tr in p trong gii hn mong mun. Trong khi thc hin iu chnh
49
50
Sng hi
Trong h thng l tng, in p c cung cp ti thit b ca khch hng, v
kt qu l dng ti c hnh sin hon ho. Tuy nhin, khng c iu kin l tng
trong thc t, v vy cc sng ny thng b mo. mo ny t hnh sin hon ho
l thng hin th di dng cc sng hi mo dng in p v dng. Cc vn
mo sng hi khng phi l vn mi. Tht s, mo dng c quan st bi
ngi vn hnh h thng t 1920. Thng, mo dng c gy ra bi ti phi tuyn
c kt ni ti h thng phn phi. V d, l h quang l phi tuyn v n v mt
dng khng hnh sin (giu sng hi) khi in p l hnh sin (xem hnh 4-18-a).
Dng ti mo dng l nguyn nhn mo dng in p thanh ci h thng (xem hnh
4-18-b). Nhng trong qu kh, cc ngun sng hi khng c s dng rng ri,
v sng hi thng c gim nh khi s dng my bin th hnh sao-tam gic
c ni t.
tin cy
Ct in c th l do mt in thit b c k hoch hay khng c k hoch.
Mt in thit c k hoch nh tng cng sut my bin th, vic cung cp in cho
s nh khch hng l gin on c . Tuy nhin, mt in do khng c k hoch (s
c), nh st nh, gi v nc . Trong c hai trng hp mt in, h thng c
thit k v bo v c vn hnh sao cho:
S ln mt in ti thiu
Thi gian mt in ti thiu
S ln gin on khch hng l ti thiu
Cc s c trn h thng c phn loi l tm thi hay thng xuyn. S c
tm thi c th do st nh, ng vt, gi, v,v... Khi c s c, ng dy phi c
52
54
PH LC 3:
KIU D LIU
PH LC 3:
KIU D LIU
I. H thng
Thuc tnh
nh ngha
Circuit ID (s
hiu mch)
S hiu ring
ca tng mch
phn bit
Peak current
(dng in
nh
Input voltage
type
Dng in nh
ln nht ti
trm trung gian
Kiu in p
S thc
Root node
(nt gc)
System 3
phase base
Nt bt u
ca mng li
Cng sut
tng i kVA
dng tnh
tng tr ngun
in p tng
i mc nh
ca nt kV
Tn s Hz
Character
System
standard base
voltage
System
frequency
Kiu d
liu
K t
K t
Gii hn
Ti a 8 k t,ko c
dng khong
trng,hin ti ko s
dng
Ko s dng
s thc
La chn gia 2 gi
tr: pha-pha hoc phatrung tnh
Phi l mt nt thc
c trong mng li
tu
s thc
tu
s thc
tu
Substation name
Character
56
Gi tr mc
nh
trng
0.0
Pha-trung
tnh
Nt u tin
1000 kVA
7.2 kVA
(pha trung
tnh)
60 Hz
ti a 8 k t ,ko
dng khong trng
tu
trng
tu
0.0
0.0
tu thuc vo tnh
0.0
cht ca cp trong
tp tin *.con
tu thuc vo tnh
0.0
cht ca cp trong
tp tin *.con
S
tu thuc vo tnh
0.0
thc cht ca cp trong
tp tin *.con
tu
trng
II. Nt
Thuc tnh
nh ngha
Name
Tn ca nt ,ko c 2 nt
trng tn
Base voltage
in p nh mc tng
i (kiu pha-pha hay
pha trung tnh c qui
nh theo bng tnh cht
ca mng)
Ghi ch thm
to ngang ca nt
trn mng li
to dc ca nt trn
mng li
Loi nt
S thc
ti a 12 k t
,ko c khong
trng
tu
S thc
tu
tu
S thc
tu
Rotation
nghing ca thanh
ci
S thc
Label
configuration
v tr t nhn ghi ch
ca im nt
Visibility
flag
Result
visibility flag
Description
X postion
Y postion
Type
Kiu d
liu
K t
Gii hn
Thanh ci ,
im
ch p dng vi
thanh ci ,ko
dng cho im
la chn Ko p dng i
trong
vi thanh
danh sch ci,ch p dng
i vi im nt
Yes/No
La chn mt
trong hai gi tr
Yes/No
La chn mt
trong hai gi tr
Gi tr
mc nh
Gn t
ng
7.2
trng
Theo v tr
v ca nt
Theo v tr
v ca nt
chn t
thanh
cng c
0
1
Yes
Yes
III. Dy dn
Thuc tnh
nh ngha
Kiu d
liu
Gii hn
Name
K t
From Node
Tn ca ng
dy
Nt bt u
ti a 12 k t ,ko c
khong trng
Nt thc hin hu
trong mng li,ko th
chnh sa
To Node
Nt kt thc
Phasing
s pha ca dy
Nt thc hin hu
trong mng li,ko th
chnh sa
K t
57
C 6 gi tr ABC (3
Gi tr
mc
nh
Gn t
ng
Gn t
ng
khi v
dy
Gn t
ng
khi v
dy
ABC
dn
Line length
Construction
type
Positive
sequence
resistance
Positive
sequence
reactance
Zero sequence
resistance
Zero sequence
reactance
Positive
sequence
charging
admittance
Zero sequence
admittance
Rating
In service flag
Visibility flag
Result visibility
flag
Type
(Harmonic)
Sustained failure
chiu di dy
theo v c
chn
kiu xy dng
theo trong th
vin
in tr th t
thun ca mt
v chiu di
khng tr th t
thun ca mt
v chiu di
in tr th t
khng ca mt
v chiu di
khng tr th t
khng ca mt
v chiu di
in dn th t
thun ca mt
v chiu di
S thc
pha),AB,BC,CA (2
pha) ;A,B,C (1 pha)
tu
1.0
K t
ti a 10 k t,ko c
khong trng
trng
S thc
tu
0.05
S thc
tu
0.65
S thc
tu
0.1
S thc
tu
1.55
S thc
tu
6.5
in dn th t
khng ca mt
v chiu di
nh mc qu
ti dy dn
S thc
tu
4.0
S thc
C th xc nh 4 gi
tr khc nhau
Xc nh thit
b ang hot
ng hay
c ngt ra
Hin th hay ko
hin th
Hin th hay ko
hin th kt qu
tnh ton
Kiu m hnh
dy dn tinh
ton ho tn.
Yes/No
Theo
th vin
xy
dng
Yes
Yes/No
Yes
la chn
t danh
sch
IEEE
line.
Tn sut s c
S thc
Yes/No
58
Yes
999
rate
Momentary
failure rate
Mean time to
repair
ko di (s
c/v chiu
di/nm)
Tn sut s c
thong qua (s
c/v chiu
di/nm)
Thi gian khc
phc s c
trung bnh (gi)
tin cy
S thc
999
S thc
999
IV. My bin p
Thuc tnh
nh ngha
Kiu d
liu
Gii hn
Name
Tn ca MBA
K t
From Node
Nt bt u
ti a 12 k t ,ko c
khong trng
Nt thc hin hu
trong mng li,ko
th chnh sa
To Node
Nt kt thc
Phasing
S pha ca MBA
(tng t nh dy
dn)
Kiu MBA
Type
Nameplate
rating
Phase shift
Construction
type
Tapped node
Leakage
Cng sut n mc
mi pha
dch pha (o),
sao/sao c dch pha
ch dng trong
trng hp MBA
kiu
kiu xy dng theo
tp tin *.con hoc
ngi dng t nh
ngha
Nt gn vi bn c
th iu chnh ca
MBA
in tr r (in tr
Nt thc hin hu
trong mng li,ko
th chnh sa
K t
Gi tr
mc
nh
Gn t
ng
Gn t
ng
khi v
MBA
Gn t
ng
khi v
MBA
ABC
S thc
C 6 gi tr ABC (3
pha),AB,BC,CA (2
pha) ;A,B,C (1 pha)
La chn mt trong
12 kiu (m t chi
tit sau)
tu
S thc
tu
K t
ti a 10 k t ,ko c
khong trng
trng
K t
ti a 12 k t ,ko c
khong trng
Nt kt
thc
S thc
>= 0
0.008
K t
59
Sao
/sao
1000.0
kVA
0.0
resistance
In service
flag
Visibility
flag
Result
visibility flag
Tap
adjustment
Xc nh thit b
ang hot ng hay
c ngt ra
Hin th hay ko hin
th
Hin th hay ko hin
th kt qu tnh ton
kiu iu chnh in
p
S thc
>= 0
0.08
S thc
>= 0
0.008
S thc
0.08
S thc
>= 0; i vi MBA
kiu Center-tapped
(sao hoc tam gic)
th >khng tr r
(xc nh trn)
tu
S thc
tu
0.0
S thc
tu
0.0
S thc
tu
0.0
S thc
Yes/No
Yes/No
Yes/No
Nt chn
(chn mt
trong ba
gi tr c
sn)
60
0.0
C th xc nh 4
Gn
nh mc khc nhau theo tp
tin
*.con
hoc
gi tr
mc
nh
la chn mt trong
Yes
hai gi tr
La chn mt trong
Yes
hai gi tr
La chn mt trong
Yes
hai gi tr
gi
chn
u phn p nguyn
ring c lp gi tr
c sn
tng pha
chn
u phn p 3
pha nh
nhau.
ko
Tap Setting
in phase A
mc phn p pha A
theo v tng i
S thc
Tap Setting
in phase B
mc phn p pha B
theo v tng i
S thc
Tap Setting
in phase C
mc phn p pha C
theo v tng i
S thc
Maximum
Tap Setting
Mc phn p ln
nht cho php theo
v tng i
Mc phn p nh
nht cho php theo
v tng i
bc phn p theo
v tng i
S thc
Minimum
Tap Setting
Tap step
S thc
Tapped/Untapped
side
Compensation
resistance
in tr b
theo v
tng i
1.1
Ko ln hn hiu
0.00625
gia mc iu chnh
ln nht v nh nht
Th
FROM
cp
side (pha s
cp)
TO
side (pha th
cp)
>0
0.0
Time delay
Regulated Node
1.0
S thc
Nt chn
(chn mt
trong hai
gi tr cho
sn)
Min Voltage
1.0
nh hn mc phn
p ln nht ( trn)
Xc nh iu chnh
bn th cp hay s
cp
in p ln
nht theo v
tng i
in p nh
nht theo v
tng i
Xc nh nt
iu chnh
in p
Xc nh
pha bn no
t nt iu
chnh in p
1.0
S thc
Max voltage
iu chnh
,gi nguyn
v tr hin ti
nm gia mc phn
p ln nht v nh
nht
nm gia mc phn
p ln nht v nh
nht
nm gia mc phn
p ln nht v nh
nht
tu
0.9
S thc
ln hn in p nh
nht
1.05
S thc
nh hn in p ln
nht
0.95
K t
ti a 12 k t ,ko c
khong trng
TO node
Nt chn
(chn mt
trong hai
gi tr c
sn)
Ch cn thit khi nt
iu chnh in p
khc vi nt bt u
v nt kt thc ca
MBA ( xc nh
trn)
Tu
Pha c
u
phn p
S thc
61
0.0
Compensation
reactance
PT ratio
CT ratio
Load center Node
Transformer side
Khng tr b
theo v
tng i
t s PT
MBA
t s CT
MBA
Xc nh nt
t ti trung
tm
Xc nh tnh
ton tng tr
b pha no
ca MBA
S thc
Tu
0.0
S thc
Tu
S thc
Tu
K t
Phi l mt nt thc
trong mng li hin
hu
Tu
Khng
c mc
nh
TO side
Nt chn
(chn mt
trong hai
gi tr c
sn)
nh ngha
Name
Tn phn
bit ti
Loi ti
Type
Balance/unbalance
Xc nh ti
cn bng hay
ko cn bng
Ground-wye/delta
Kiu u ni
ti (sao c ni
t hay tam
gic ko ni
t)
Phase A
Cng sut
thc (kW) v
cng sut
phn khng
(kVAR) pha
Kiu d
liu
K t
K t (3
gi tr)
Nt
chn
(chn
mt
trong
hai gi
tr)
Nt
chn
(chn
mt
trong
hai gi
tr)
S thc
62
Gii hn
Gi tr mc
nh
ti a 12 k t ,ko c
Gn t
khong trng
ng
Cng sut
Cng
hng
sut hng
Dng
in hng
Tng
tr hng
Cn bng
Cn
bng
Ko cn
bng
Sao c
ni t
Tam
gic
Sao c ni
t
tu
kW=200;
kVAR=100
A
Cng sut
thc (kW) v
cng sut
phn khng
(kVAR) pha
A
Phase B
Phase C
Total
Grounding
resistance
Grounding
reactance
In service flag
Visibility flag
Result visibility
flag
S thc
tu
kW=200;
kVAR=100
S thc
tu
kW=200;
kVAR=100
S thc
tu
kW=600;
kVAR=300
S thc
tu
0.0
S thc
tu
0.0
Yes/No
la chn mt trong
hai gi tr
Yes
Yes/No
La chn mt trong
hai gi tr
La chn mt trong
hai gi tr
Yes
Yes/No
Yes
nh ngha
Kiu d
liu
Gii hn
Name
Tn ca ti
K t
Category
Xc nh ti thuc
Phn nhm ti no
Xc nh ti cn bng
hay ko cn bng
s nguyn
ti a 12 k t
,ko c khong
trng
1-4
Balance/unbalance
63
Nt chn
(chn mt
trong 2 gi
tr c sn)
C
n bng
K
o cn
Gi tr
mc
nh
Gn t
ng
1
Cn
bng
bng
Sao
S
ni
t
ao ni
t
T
am gic
in
in nng nng
ko i ko i
T
ng tr
ko i
Ko
c
chn
hn:c
theo
ma
k
o
chn:ko
theo
ma
tp
c
hn :ti trung
tp
trung
k
o chn
:ngc
li
tu (ln hn
0%
0% v nh hn
100%)
tu
100
MWh/t
hng
tu
100
MWh/t
hng
tu
100
MWh/t
hng
tu
10
Ground-Wye/delta
Xc nh kiu u ni
ti
Nt chn
(chn mt
trong 2 gi
tr c sn)
Result display
Xc nh kiu hin th
kt qu
Nt chn
(chn mt
trong 2 gi
tr c sn)
Seasonal
Xc nh ti c theo
ma hay ko
Hp la
chn (chn
hoc ko
chn)
Concentrated at the
node
Xc nh ti c tp
trung nt hay ko
Hp la
chn (chn
hoc ko
chn)
Percent constant
impedance
S thc
Phase A
(MWh/month)
Xc nh t l phn
trm ti c tng tr ko
i
in nng tiu th
pha A trong mt thng
Phase B
(MWh/month)
in nng tiu th
pha B trong mt thng
S thc
Phase C
(MWh/month)
in nng tiu th
pha C trong mt thng
S thc
Phase A number of
consumers
Phase B number of
consumers
Phase C number of
S thc
S thc
tu
10
S thc
tu
10
64
S thc
consumers
Phase A pf
Phase B pf
Phase B pf
Resultant kW-phase
A
Resultant kW-phase
B
Resultant kW-phase
C
In service flag
Visibility flag
Result visibility flag
S thc
S thc
S thc
S thc
tu
tu
tu
tu
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
S thc
tu
0.0
S thc
tu
0.0
Xc nh thit b ang
hot ng hay c
ngt ra
Hin th hay ko hin th
Yes/No
la chn mt
trong hai gi tr
Yes
Yes/No
Yes
Yes/No
La chn mt
trong hai gi tr
La chn mt
trong hai gi tr
Yes
VII. Ngun
Thuc
tnh
Name
Scheduled
voltage
Base
rating
Source
angle
Positive
sequence
resistance
Positive
sequence
reactance
Zero
sequence
resistance
nh ngha
Tn ngun phn bit
vi cc ngun khc
Kiu d
liu
K t
Gii hn
Gi tr mc
nh
Gn t ng
S thc
ti a 12 k
t,ko c khong
trng
tu
S thc
tu
Gc pha ca ngun
S thc
in tr Thevenin th t
thun ca ngun theo v
tng i trn cng sut
c bn ca h thng
Khng tr Thevenin th
t thun ca ngun theo
v tng i trn cng
sut c bn ca h thng
in tr Thevenin th t
khng ca ngun theo
v tng i trn cng
sut c bn ca h thng
S thc
>=-180o v
<=360o
tu
S thc
tu
0.001
S thc
tu
0.0
in p h mch ca
ngun theo % in p
nh mc tng i
Cng sut nh mc c
bn ca ngun
65
in p ca
nt gn ngun
in p c
bn ca h
thng (trong
bng
Network)
0.0
0.0
Zero
sequence
reactance
Khng tr Thevenin th
t khng ca ngun
theo v tng i trn
cng sut c bn ca h
thng
Grounding
in tr ni t
resistance
Grounding
Khng tr ni t
reactance
In service
Xc nh thit b c
flag
ang hot ng hay ko
Visibility Hin th hay ko hin th
flag
Result
Hin th hay ko hin th
visibility
kt qu tnh ton
flag
S thc
tu
0.001
S thc
tu
0.0
S thc
tu
0.0
Yes/No
la chn mt
trong hai gi tr
La chn mt
trong hai gi tr
La chn mt
trong hai gi tr
Yes
Yes/No
Yes/No
Yes
Yes
VIII. Thit b ng ct
Thuc tnh
nh ngha
Name
Tn phn bit ca
thit b
S lng pha
Phasing
Switch ID
Xc nh thit b
(ch dng cho tp tin
d liu th)
Construction kiu xy dng (ch
type
dng cho tp tin d
liu th PSS/U)
Rating
nh mc dng in
tnh ton qu ti
Tie switch
flag
Connection
circuit
Xc nh thit b
ng ct c lin kt
vi mch in khc
hay ko (ch s dng
vi tp tin d liu
th)
mch in lin kt
vi tie switch(ch s
dng vi tp tin d
liu th)
Kiu d
liu
K t
K t
K t
Gii hn
ti a 12 k t ,ko c
khong trng
Mt trong 6 gi tr
ABC (3 pha);
AB,BC,CA (2 pha)
;A,B,C (1 pha)
ti a 3 k t ,ko c
khong trng
Gi tr
mc nh
Gn t
ng
ABC
trng
K t
ti a 10 k t ,ko c
khong trng
trng
S thc
C th xc nh 4
mc khc nhau
Theo gi
tr trong
tp tin
*.con
Bnh
thng
Hp la
chn
(chn
hoc ko
chn)
K t
66
chn:c
ko
chn :bnh
thng
ti a 8 k t ,ko c
khong trng
Status
TOPO status
Xc nh thit b c
c iu khin
ng m khi phn
tch TOPO hay ko
Visibility
flag
Result
visibility
flag
Nt chn
(chn mt
trong hai
gi tr c
sn)
Nt chn
(chn mt
trong hai
gi tr c
sn)
Yes/No
Yes/No
ng
(Close)
M
(Open)
ng
Ko s dng ,ch s
dng i vi tp tin
d liu th
Ko c
iu
khin
La chn mt trong
hai gi tr
La chn mt trong
hai gi tr
Yes
Yes
IX. Thit b bo v
Thuc tnh
nh ngha Kiu d liu Gii hn Gi tr mc nh
Name
Description
Branch
Location
Selected device list
Available device list
Sort field
Add sort field
67
[17]. Trn Lc Hng, C s m phng ngu nhin, 1997, Nh xut bn Gio dc.
[18]. Hong Kim (Ch bin), K thut lp trnh m phng : Th gii thc v ng
dng, 1997, Nh xut bn Thng k.
[19]. Trn nh Long, Qui hoch h thng nng lng, 1999, Nh xut bn Khoa
hc k thut.
[20]. Trn nh Long, L thuyt h thng, 1999, Nh xut bn Khoa hc k thut.
[21]. Nguyn Vn m, Mng li in, Tp 1, 2, 2000. Nh xut bn Khoa hc k
thut.
[22]. Nguyn Hng Thi, Phn t t ng trong h thng in, 2000. Nh xut bn
Khoa hc k thut.
[23]. Cao Ho Thi, M hnh m phng, 1999, Tp bi ging chuyn .
[24]. L Vn t, Phn tch & iu khin n nh h thng in, 2000. Nh xut bn
Khoa hc k thut.
[25]. Nguyn Ngc H, ng Anh Tun, M phng vn hnh li in, 2000, Hi
ngh tin hc ln I, Cng ty in lc TP HCM.
[26]. Nguyn Ngc H, ng Anh Tun, ng dng cng ngh GIS qun l li
in phn phi, Hi ngh tin hc ln I, Cng ty in lc TP HCM.
[27]. PSS/ADEPT 5.0, Users Guide Shaw Power Technologies - 04 / 2004
[28]. H Vn Hin - H thng in truyn ti v phn phi NXB i hc quc gia
TP. H Ch Minh 2003
[29]. V Ngc Tc M hnh ha v m phng bng my tnh NXB Gio dc
2001
[30]. Nguyn Hong Vit Bo v Rle v t ng ha NXB i hc Quc Gia
TPHCM 2003
[31]. C.Russell Mason The Acrt and Science of protective relaying 1967
[32]. Cooper power system Electrical Distribution system Protection 1990
[33]. Cng ty in lc TPHCM Bo co chuyn PSS/ADEPT Phng k thut
cng ty- Thng 08- 2004
[34]. Copper Power Systems- Overcurrent Protection For Distribution SystemSeminar Notes and Reference Materials - 1995
[35]. URL
http://www.pti-us.com
69
DNG PHN MM
PHN TCH V
TNH TON LI IN
PSS/ADEPT
The Power System Simulator/Advanced
Distribution Engineering Productivity TooL
Phn 3
K nng p dng-Phn cn bn
S DNG PHN MM
PHN TCH V TNH
TON LI IN
PSS/ADEPT
Bin son-Trnh by:
Nguyn Hu Phc
ng Anh Tun
Ch bin:
PGS. TS. Nguyn Hu Phc
Li ni u
Li in phn phi v truyn ti khng ngng pht trin m rng v qui
m cng nh phc tp. Theo , cc yu cu cung cp in lin tc cho khch
hng vi cht lng in nng ngy cng cao cng gia tng. Thit b trn li
in phn phi hin nay vn c c im l a dng v chng loi, phc tp v
cu to. Qu trnh vn hnh nhm thc hin nhng thao tc mang tnh lp i lp
li nhiu ln nhng li i hi chnh xc cao v vy rt cn thit phi t ng
ha bng cch a nhiu thit b t ng, x l thng tin t ng nhm tng kh
nng truyn t v x l thng tin. Bng my tnh v cc phn mm chuyn dng
chng ta c th ngn chn trc v hn ch hng hc trong qu trnh vn hnh
li in. Nhng thnh tu mi v Cng ngh Thng tin nh v kh nng lu tr
ca phn cng, tc tnh ton, cc phng php h chuyn gia, mng
neuron, cung cp nhng phng tin v cng c mnh tng cng nghin
cu m rng ng dng trong lnh vc in nng. m bo v gi vng mi lin
h hu c ca cc thnh phn trong h thng sn xut truyn ti, phn phi v s
dng in nng.
p ng kp thi cc yu cu trn, t thng 01-2005 Tng cng ty in
lc Vit Nam (EVN) trc y, nay l Tp on in lc Vit Nam ch o
p dng th im phn mm PSS/ADEPT tnh ton li in theo a bn do
cc n v trc thuc qun l.
Phn mm PSS/ADEPT c pht trin dnh cho cc k s v nhn vin k
thut trong ngnh in. N c s dng nh mt cng c thit k v phn
tch li in phn phi. PSS/ADEPT cng cho php chng ta thit k, chnh sa
v phn tch s li v cc m hnh li in mt cch trc quan theo giao
din ha vi s nt khng gii hn. Thng 04-2004, hng Shaw Power
Technologies cho ra i phin bn PSS/ADEPT 5.0 vi nhiu tnh nng b
sung v cp nht y cc thng s thc t ca cc phn t trn li in.
Cng ty in lc 2-Tp on in lc Vit Nam (EVN) phi hp cng
Khoa in-in t trng i hc Bch Khoa thnh ph H Ch Minh nghin
cu p dng phn mm ny. Cng ty in lc 2 thc hin tp hun cho cc n
v trc thuc nhm trang b kh nng s dng phn mm chun tnh ton v phn
tch li in da trn phn mm PSS/ADEPT. iu ny, nhm gip Cng ty
in lc 2 tng bc h thng ho, chun ho kin thc p dng tnh ton v
in trong cc hot ng ca Cng ty nht l cng tc qun l k thut vn hnh
li in. u tin l cc bi ton: phn b cng sut trn li, ngn mch, b
II
Tm tt ni dung
Gio trnh ny c bin son phc v cho cc bui tp hun s dng phn
mm phn tch v tnh ton li in PSS/ADEPT 5.0. Gio trnh gm cc phn:
Phn 1: Kin thc chun b yu cu-n tp kin thc
Phn 2: Hng dn s dng PSS/ADEPT
Phn 3: Cc k nng s dng phn mm PSS/ADEPT-Phn cn bn
Phn 4: Cc k nng s dng phn mm PSS/ADEPT-Phn nng cao
hc vin cc n v nm bt v p dng nhanh, cn c thm cc phn:
Phn 5: Cm nang s dng
Phn 6: Thut ng Anh-Vit i chiu qua cc slide bi ging phn
mm PSS/ADEPT
Phn 7: Cc slide bi ging ca chuyn gia PTI software.
Ngoi ra cn c Gio trnh in t lu tr trn a CD-ROM: Gm cc ti
liu a phng tin (Multimedia) h tr thm cho cc hc vin chun b bi hc
trc khi ln lp, n tp sau kha hc v a phng cng tc. c thc hin
bng k thut lp trnh Web v x l Multimedia (dng phim c m thanh, Web
page,)
Cc chng trnh chuyn i:
1. Chng trnh Chuyn Excel DAT File.
2. Chng trnh Chuyn DAT File Excel.
3. Chng trnh x l s liu u vo
4. Chng trnh Tnh Cng Sut Ngun.
5. Chng trnh Tnh Tng Tr My Bin Th.
6. Chng trnh chia s PSS/ADEPT qua mng LAN, WAN v internet
7. H thng cc bi tp trc nghim trn my tnh sut kho hc
8. Chng trnh thi kt thc kho hc bng trc nghim trc tip trn my
tnh
V cc CD-ROM:
-CD1: Gio trnh in t h tr
-CD2: Cc bi ging v bi tp
III
-CD3: D liu li in
-CD4: D liu li in (tt) v source cc chng trnh h PSS/*
-CD5: Cc chng trnh h tr kho hc
Gm cc ti nguyn hc tp nh: ti liu tham kho, Users Guide, website
PTI (offline, xem khng cn kt ni internet), web documents, source software
PSS/ADEPT and untilities, cc phn mm chuyn i d liu v demo phc v
ng dng tnh ton bng PSS/ADEPT,
Qua kinh nghip tp hun v gip cc hc vin thuc cc n v in lc
p dng nhanh phn mm PSS/ADEPT. Chng ti ch trng chnh vo 4 mc
tiu p dng trin khai PSS/ADEPT nh sau:
Thit lp thng s mng li
Program, network settings
To s
Creating diagrams
BO CO
Reports, diagrams
IV
VI
Ch
Lin quan
V d, bi tp
Lu tp tin v d mu
D liu mu c sn trn CD-ROM/DATA
Ht chng !
VII
Ht chng
Mc lc tng qut
Phn Mt: Kin thc chun b
CHNG 1: M HNH LI IN
CHNG 2 PHN B CNG SUT
CHNG 3: NGN MCH
CHNG 4: BI TON KHI NG NG C V XC NH IM DNG TI U
CHNG 5: PHI HP BO V
CHNG 6: SNG HI
CHNG 7: XC NH V TR B TI U
CHNG 8: NH GI TIN CY
CHNG 9: CC VN KHC CA LI IN PHN PHI
Phn Hai: Hng dn s dng phn mm
CHNG 1: HNG DN CI T PHN MM PSS/ADEPT
CHNG 2: HNG DN S DNG PHN MM PSS/ADEPT
PH LC 1: M HNH XUT TUYN DY C LP
PH LC 2: NGUYN TC PHN PHI
PH LC 3: KIU D LIU
Phn Ba: K nng p dng-Phn c bn
CHNG 1: D LIU CHUN B
CHNG 2: CC BC THC HIN
CHNG 3: MT S KT QU P DNG
Phn Bn: Cm nang s dng
Phn Nm: K nng p dng-Phn nng cao
CHNG 1: X L S LIU
CHNG 2: B SUNG CC THNG S VO PHN MM
CHNG 3: BIU DIN, PHN TCH V NH GI KT QU TNH TON H TR
RA QUYT NH
CHNG 4: C KT KINH NGHIM P DNG TI MT S LI IN CA CC
IN LC KHU VC
CHNG 5: QUN L V TNH TON LI IN PHN PHI TRN NN H
THNG THNG TIN A L
CHNG 6: M PHNG VN HNH LI IN
CHNG 7: GII PHP CHIA S KHA CNG PHN MM TRN MY N CHO
NHIU NGI S DNG
CHNG 8: TM HIU MT S PHN MM PHN TCH LI IN KHC
Phn Su: Thut ng Anh-Vit i chiu qua cc slide bi ging
Phn By: Cc slide bi ging ca PTI software
VIII
PSS/ADEPT
Phn Ba:
K nng p dng
-Phn c bn
03
III. Bc 2: To s : .................................................................................... 25
III.1. Ngun Source: ..................................................................................................... 26
III.2. Ti Static Load : .................................................................................................. 26
III.3. Dy dn Line : ..................................................................................................... 27
III.4. Nt Node : ........................................................................................................... 27
III.5. T b-Capacitor:..................................................................................................... 28
III.6. Thit b ng ct_Swichs: ...................................................................................... 28
CHNG 1:
D LIU
CHUN B
CHNG 1:
D LIU CHUN B
Qa trnh thu thp d liu v xy dng li in cn tnh ton vo phn mm
PSS/ADEPT mt rt nhiu thi gian v cng sc. Khi xy dng xong d liu li
in cn tnh ton vic thc hin cc chc nng phn tch ca phn mm rt nhanh
chng v n gin.
S liu u vo trong cc phn mm tnh ton k thut in thng l P v Q.
Phn mm PSS/ADEPT, cng khng mm ngoi ngoi l . c c cc gi tr
ny, chng ta s s dng cc phng php thu thp d liu thng dng nht ng
vi hin trng thu thp v qun l s liu hin hu ti cc in lc khu vc. Cc s
liu thu thp, sau c x l tnh ton P v Q cho tng nt sau theo 2 thi
im l cao im v thp im ca cc ph ti, sau nhp vo phn mm
PSS/ADEPT tnh cc bi ton yu cu.
Thu thp bn v s li in cn m phng. Sau dng cc cng thc do
nhm nghin cu ng dng t xy dng th hin cc bn v s li in cn
m phng trn phn mm PSS/ADEPT.
Chng ta cn to ra cc tp tin c s li in c phn m rng l *.dat.
Vic ny, nhm khai thc tnh s dng li c ca cc tp tin ny xuyn sut cc
phn h ca PSS/ADEPT, cng nh xa hn na l cc phn mm ca hng Power
Technologies. Cc tp ny d dng chuyn i sang cc dng khc (k c *.adp,)
rt tin li trong qu trnh s dng PSS/ADEPT.
Chng ny trnh by vic chun b cc d liu cn thit bt u p dng
phn mm.
10
11
Hnh 11 Hp thoi thuc tnh thit b sng hi v m hnh thit b sng hi trn s
12
13
14
- Cc gi tr t ca cu ch (FCO, LBFCO).
I.3.7. DRA Analysis: Tnh ton tin cy li in
chun b s liu cho bi ton tnh ton tin cy li in, ta cn chun b
cc thng s thng k vn hnh ca tng tuyn dy trung th nh sau:
- Cng s c.
- C lng khch hng ti nt th i.
- Thi gian ct in hng nm.
- S lng khch hng b mt in.
- S lng khch hng b nh hng mt in.
Mt s khi nim trong bi ton tnh ton tin cy li in
I.3.7.1. S c hng hc:
S c hng hc l trng thi ca mt phn t h thng m n khng hot
ng nh mong mun. Kt qu l phi ct phn t ra khi h thng. Tuy nhin
khng phi mi hng hc u a n ct in .
I.3.7.2. Ct thit b :
M t trng thi ca thit b khi n khng c hot ng v mt s cc l do
lin quan n thit b .
Ct cng bc : L hu qu do cc iu kin khn cp lin quan n thit b
cn phi ct tc thi, hoc t ng nh thit b bo v rle, hoc thao tc ng
ct,hoc do tc ng sai ca thit b bo v hay ngi vn hnh thao tc sai.
Ct theo lch : Thit b a ra khi vn hnh theo thi gian nh trc, thng
thng khi c bo tr, sa cha hoc xy dng.
Ct cng bc ngn hn: Do cc s c thong qua gy ra, cc thit b c th
c a vo vn hnh tr li t ng khi cc my ct, my ct t ng li, hoc
khi thay th cu ch.
Ct cng bc do vn hnh : Do cc s c khng th t gii tr c cn
phi sa cha thit b trc khi a vo vn hnh. V d: khi xy ra phng in lm
chc thng cch in , v vy cn sa cha hay thay th trc khi a vo vn hnh.
I.3.7.3. Ngng cung cp in :
Mt in mt hay nhiu khch hng. Nguyn nhn l do mt hay nhiu thit
b ct khi vn hnh.
Mt in nh k : Mt in gy ra do ct theo lch.
15
16
17
18
19
Ht chng !
20
CHNG 2:
CC BC
THC HIN
CHNG 2:
CC BC THC HIN
Chng ti ch trng chnh vo 4 mc tiu p dng trin khai PSS/ADEPT nh
sau:
Thit lp thng s mng li
Program, network settings
To s
Creating diagrams
BO CO
Reports, diagrams
Hnh 20 Chu trnh trin khai phn mm PSS/ADEPT theo Bn bc cn
22
To s
Creating diagrams
BO CO
Reports, diagrams
Hnh 21 Chu trnh trin khai phn mm PSS/ADEPT
23
24
Cch thao tc: Vo meu File\ Network Economics (hp thoi Economics).
III. Bc 2: To s :
V s li in cn tnh ton vo chng trnh PSS/ADEPT.
Cp nht s liu u vo cho s li in: T s liu qun l k thut ca
in lc chng ta ln lt nhp vo cc gi tr thuc tnh ca cc phn t nh sau:
25
26
III.3. Dy dn Line :
III.4. Nt Node :
27
III.5. T b-Capacitor:
28
Hnh 31 Hp thoi option-Th general: Cc chn la tng qut cho cc bi ton phn
tch
29
Hnh 32 Hp thoi option-Th load flow: Cc chn la cho cc bi ton phn b cng
sut
Hnh 33 Hp thoi option-Th short circuit: Cc chn la tng qut cho cc bi ton
phn tch ngn mch
30
31
Hnh 37 Hp thoi option-Th DRA: Cc chn la cho cc bi ton phn tch tin
cy
32
V. Bc 4: Bo co
Sau khi chy xong mt trong cc chc nng tnh ton trn, bn c th xem kt
qu tnh ton phn tch ca phn mm ti 3 v tr nh sau:
Xem hin th kt qu phn tch ngay trn s
Xem kt qu tnh ton trn ca s progress view
Xem kt qu tnh ton chi tit t phn report ca phn mm
PSS/ADEPT
34
Hnh 42 Hp thoi option-Th general: Cc chn la tng qut cho cc bi ton phn
tch
Hin th cc kt qu report sau khi phn tnh v tnh ton mt bi ton c th,
t y ta c th in n cc kt qu ny mt cch d dng thng qua File\Print.
35
VI. Kt qu xy dng li in
VI.1. S lng cc tuyn dy trung th
T d liu thc t c, qua 4 bc thc hin ta xy dng c m hnh li
in cn tnh ton.
Di y trnh by ton b cc tuyn dy trung th cung cp cho a bn Qun
Tn Bnh c thc hin xy dng d liu trn phn mm PSS/ADEPT bao
gm:
By Hin
Hc Mn
Thng Kit
Long Qun
TSF
Bu Ct
36
Thng Long
S n tuyn t AutoCAD
37
S n tuyn t AutoCAD
38
39
40
Ht chng !
41
CHNG 3:
MT S KT QU
P DNG
CHNG 3:
MT S KT QU P DNG
Qua 2 bc chng ta xy dng xong m hnh li in cn tnh ton..
Chng ny trnh by kt qu tnh ton p dng cc bi ton phn tch cho 1 tuyn
dy trung th, nhiu tuyn dy trung th v c a bn do in lc khu vc qun l.
Hy vng cc kt qu p dng ny s gip cc hc vin thuc cc n v nhanh
chng nm bt cc phng php gii bi ton phn tch thng dng.
Cc bi ton phn tch nh: phn b cng sut v tnh ra t l tn tht, tnh
ngn mch, bi ton tnh dung lng b, Cc bi ton ny rt quan trng trong
qu trnh qun l, vn hnh li in bi nhng li ch u th ca n mang li:
Nng cao kh nng ti ca dy dn, gim cng sut ngun, gim c tn tht in
nng li in,. .
Vi c im ca li in trung th in lc khu vc Cng ty in lc 2
tri rng trn a bn ln vi chiu di mi pht tuyn trung bnh ln (hn 10km).
Do vy, s gip cc n v xc nh tn tht cui ng dy, nhu cu cng sut
khng cao v ci thin in p cho li,cng nh nhiu vn ch li khc.
C th nh gi rng, vic p dng phn mm ny, mang li hiu qu thit
thc cho cc n v p dng. c bit vic p dng bi ton tnh dung lng b
gip cc in lc khu vc xc nh nhu cu cng sut khng cho ton li, kim
tra cc v tr b hin hu v phc v cng r sot nh gi tng th bi ton b
theo c th ring ca li in in lc.
Tt c m hnh li in tnh ton u c sn trong CD-ROM pht trong bui
hc
43
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Tn tuyn dy
By Hin
Hc Mn
Thng Kit
Long Qun
TSF
Bu Ct
Thng Long
T l tn
tht [%]
ng MBT
dy
3.03 2.72
3.09 1.88
2.85 1.92
2.65 2.26
2.48 1.83
2.15 2.16
2.98 2.53
Tn trm ngt -
44
my bin th 15KV
[MVA]
Khng ti
C ti
Tng
1 B Quo
8856
23205
32061
2 Ho Xa
9648
18291
27939
3 Trng ua
2x4
25632
57330
82962
4 Tn Bnh 1
2x4
4824
9145.5
13969.5
5 Ch Ln
2x4
9648
18291
27939
58608 126262.5
184870.5
Tng cng
n v tnh
KVAR
Kwh
%
Kt qu
245,100
3.220.614
0.04
I.1.2.4. Kt qu
T l tn tht trn li in phn phi in lc Tn Bnh nm 2004 nh sau:
- Tn tht trn lui in h th
: 5,36 %
: 4.59%
: 2.10 %
: 0.03%
: 0.04%
: 2.42%
45
By Hin
Hc Mn
Thng Kit
Long Qun
TSF
Bu Ct
Thng Long
46
Hnh 52 Tnh ton tn tht trn phn mm PSS/ADEPT tuyn dy Thng Long
Tuyn dy trung th Hc Mn
47
Hnh 55 Tnh ton tn tht trn phn mm PSS/ADEPT tuyn dy Thng Kit
Hnh 56 Tnh ton tn tht trn phn mm PSS/ADEPT tuyn dy Long Qun
49
Tn tuyn
dy
P
(KW)
Q
(KVAr)
Tn tht Cng
sut
P
Tn tht in p
U
T l tn tht [%]
P
By Hin
4,165.25
2,111.49
9.76
16.89
8,700.00
8,520.00
0.23
0.80
97.93
6,820.43
2,807.57
87.62
178.22
8,700.00
8,510.00
1.28
6.35
97.82
9,639.11
4,945.99
258.70
534.81
8,700.00
8,450.00
2.68
10.81
97.13
Hc Mn
Thng
Kit
Long Qun
9,867.12
6,373.46
98.20
52.33
8,700.00
8,520.00
1.00
0.82
97.93
TSF
6,952.26
4,593.92
69.13
140.11
8,700.00
8,540.00
0.99
3.05
98.16
Bu Ct
6,388.88
3,591.66
44.54
79.87
8,700.00
8,580.00
0.70
2.22
98.62
Thng Long
11,780.43
5,338.98
326.64
680.63
8,700.00
8,540.00
2.77
12.75
98.16
50
51
52
4. LBFCO nhnh r
2. MC tng - Ngt Di Nguy
53
Gi tr
Inm
13583
15000
Zngun =U/Inm
1.10
Scb
1000000
Ucb
15000
Zcb=Ucb*Ucb/Scb
225
Omh
VA
V
Omh
Z* = Zngun/Zcb
0.0049
dvtd
Z*- pha=Z*/sqrt(3)
0.0028
dvtd
PSS/ADEPT
Gi tr theo TTTT
11133
12000
13817
13583
54
18640
13679
11700
55
PSS/ADEPT
THC T
Manufacture
ASEA
ABB
Type
RXIDF
SPAJ-140C
VERY INVERSE
VERY INVERSE
800/5
800/5
0.5
K=0.5
Pick up (PU)
I>=1.2In
I inst
60
I>>=12In
Tint
0.5
t>>0.5s
Tr s trc nghim
9687A/0.5s
9600/0.5s
Tr s trc nghim
13042A/0.49s
13583/0.41s
Rle MC tng - Ho Xa
Time characteristic
CT
56
57
PSS/ADEPT
Manufacture
CHANCE
Type
Divide ID
Norma rating
THC T
CHANCE
M30KA
M30KA23
30k
30k
III.2. Kt qu phi hp bo v
V tr MC tng Ngt Di Nguy
58
59
60
61
Vi:
Atram i
(1)
: Tng in nng tiu th ti trm h th trong thng
P(t) tram i
Chi tit cc gi thit p dng tnh ph ti bng cng thc (1) c trnh by
bng tnh Excel trong chng trnh HOTEMB 1.0 .
Nhn xt:
62
3. Cc trng thi kha in ban u cha thc hin chng trnh con TOPO
nh sau:
Dy Hng Vng:
stt
Tn Kha in
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
My ct u ngun
DS Tr s 1 HV
DS 66 Hng Vng
Rec Nhn Tn
LBS Ng Gia T
DS Ng Gia T
LBS 18A L Hng Phong
LBFCO NKQT
DS Thi T 400
DS K Duyn
LBFCO 930 BPh
LBS Quc Ton 407
Rec Ging Quc Ton 3
Rec K Ha
LBFCO Cao Thng 3
LBFCO u NR Cao Thng 3
LBS Cng Binh
Trng Thi
ng
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Dy Tri Phng:
stt
Tn Kha in
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
My ct u ngun
DS Tr s 1 TP
LBS Ng Gia T
DS B Ht
DS Kim Tn
DS Ch C
Rec Qun Y
LBS 3 thng 2
LBS ng Tin
LBS Tri Phng 522
DS K Duyn
Rec Z73
LBS C5
LBS Quc Ton 407
Trng Thi
ng
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Dy 3 thng 2:
stt
Tn Kha in
1
2
3
4
My ct u ngun
LTD 254 Nguyn Ch Thanh
DS Ng Quyn
DS Hong Qun 3
65
Trng Thi
ng
X
X
X
X
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Rec Ch Thanh
LTD Hong Qun 2
LTD 612 Nguyn Ch Thanh
LBS Cng Trng
LTD N6
LBFCO Bo SGGP
Rec Vnh Vin
LTD 539 Nguyn Tri Phng
DS Ng Quyn 314
DS Vn ng
DS L Nam
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Dy Hin Thnh:
stt
Tn Kha in
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
My ct u ngun
DS Tr s 1 HT
LTD BV Trng Vng
LBS in lc
Rec Trng ua
DS Pacific 1
DS Pacific 2
DS Ng Quyn 314
LBS 3 thng 2
LBS 946 3 thng 2
DS L Nam
LBS L Thng Kit 2B
Rec L Gia 2
LBS N Tr T
LBS Tri Phng 522
LBS C5
LBS Ch Ha
Trng Thi
ng
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Dy Hng Thi:
stt
Tn Kha in
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
My ct u ngun
DS Tr s 1 HThi
Rec Bc Hi
LBS Legamex
Rec Ch Ho 2
LBS Cng Vin L Th Ring
LBS Ch Ha
Rec Ha Hng
LBS Cng Binh
Trng Thi
ng
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Dy L Gia:
stt
Trng Thi
ng
Tn Kha in
66
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
My ct u ngun
Rec i Hnh 441
LBS Quc Ton 946
LBS i Hnh
Rec Cng Trng
DS 46
DS Quan m
LBS Cng Trng
LTD Hong Qun 2
Rec Bnh Thi 15
Rec u C
LBS Bnh Thi 169
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Dy Quc Ton:
stt
Tn Kha in
1
2
My ct u ngun
DS Quan m
Trng Thi
ng
X
M
X
Dy Bnh Thi:
stt
Tn Kha in
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
My ct u ngun
DS 303 Hn Hi Nguyn
LBS 46
DS Bnh Thi 2
DS Hi Thun
DS 179 H Bnh Thi
LBS ng ch Khim
Rec Gia C Bnh Thi
LBS Lnh Binh Thng
LBFCO Gia C Bnh Thi 6
Trng Thi
ng
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Dy Ph Th Ha:
stt
Tn Kha in
1
2
3
My ct u ngun
DS Hi Thun
LBS Lc Long Qun 87
Trng Thi
ng
X
M
X
X
Iteration 3
Switch lbs2BLTK [LBSTK2B-NODE51] closed.
Switch lbs2BLTK [LBSTK2B-NODE51] opened.
New system loss:
372.95 kW 1423.33 kvar
Iteration 4
Switch Switch78 [LBSLGM-LBSLTRIENG] closed.
Switch Switch78 [LBSLGM-LBSLTRIENG] opened.
New system loss:
372.95 kW 1423.33 kvar
Iteration 5
Switch Switch24 [R19BC060D-LBSDH] closed.
Switch Switch24 [R19BC060D-LBSDH] opened.
New system loss:
372.95 kW 1423.33 kvar
Iteration 6
Switch RecChiHoa2 [RECH2-REHHUNG] closed.
Switch RecChiHoa2 [RECH2-REHHUNG] opened.
New system loss:
372.95 kW 1423.33 kvar
Initial system loss:
540.16 kW 1309.69 kvar
Final system loss: 372.95 kW 1423.33 kvar
Tuy nhin trong iu kin thc t ca li in trung th khng th iu khin
t xa hay bng tay cc kho in t cc tiu tn tht nng lng. V vy cn xc
nh cu hnh li in m qua tn tht nng lng l b nht trong sut thi
gian vn hnh cho n khi cn chuyn ti sa cha hay chng qu ti c th
nh sau:
Bc 1: Xt mt thi im t1, li in c cu hnh c1, dng trnh TOPO xc
nh cu hnh li in ti u l c1-ti u
Bc 2: Dng cu hnh ti u c2 xc nh phn b cng sut chnh xc cho
tng l ra.
Bc 3: Tnh tng tn tht nng lng trong ton li in ang kho st theo
c1-ti u
Bc 4: Lp li bc 1 v c cu hnh ti u l c2-ti u, cn-ti u
Bc 5: So snh cc cu hnh ti u vi nhau la chn cu hnh tt nht
trong sut thi gian 24 gi.
68
A
3 U I tb T
Trong :
69
S ta2 i P ta2i
Trong :
Sti: cng sut nh mc ca ti (KVA)
costb: h s cng sut trung bnh ca ti trong 01 thng
V.1.2.3. Cc mc nh ga tin cy p ng tnh.
V.1.2.3.1. Mc th nht:
Nghin cu v kh nng ca h my pht cp in cho ti. H thng truyn ti
khng c xt n mc ny. Ch s tin cy ca mc th nht l Ch S D Bo
Mt Ti (LOLE) v Ch S D Bo Thiu Nng lng Cung Cp (LOEE).
V.1.2.3.2. Mc th hai:
Nghin cu v h thng pht v h thng truyn ti cung cp nng lng ti
cc nt ti. Cc nghin cu ny l nh gi hn hp ca h thng. Ch s ca mc II
mang tnh ton cc hay ti mt thanh ci cung cp in gm c tn sut, thi gian,
ph ti v nng lng.
V.1.2.3.3. Mc th ba:
Lin quan ti c pht in, truyn ti, phn phi xc nh s tng xng
ca ton h thng cung cp n khch hng.
Ch s ca mc th ba ny la ti im tiu th v cc ch s h thng gm c
tn sut, thi gian, ti v nng lng.
V.1.2.4. Cc k hiu trong tin cy:
S = h thng (system)
A = trung bnh (average)
C = khch hng (customer)
Tnh ton
70
Hng nm
Bi h thng
Bi iu min.
Bi cc in Lc.
Phn loi
Duy tr
Thong qua
Khch hng
Ph ti
Trung bnh.
Xc nh.
V.1.2.5. Ch s h thng (System Indices)
C th tnh cc ch tiu hot ng cung cp miu t c tnh thng k nhng
hot ng trc ca h thng.
Cc ch s b sung ny c th c tnh ton bng cch s dng cc ch s c
bn v s lng khch hng v ti kt ni ti mi im trong h thng.
Cc ch s b sung ca h thng l:
Ch tiu tn sut mt in trung bnh ca h thng (SAIFI)
Ch tiu thi gian mt in trung bnh h thng (SAIDI)
Ch tiu thi gian mt in trung bnh khch hng (CAIFI)
Ch tiu tn sut mt in trung bnh khch hng (CAIDI)
Ch tiu kh nng sn sng cung cp (ASAI)
Ch tiu kh nng khngsn sng cung cp (ASUI)
Ch tiu thiu ht in nng (ENS)
Ch tiu thiu ht in nng trung bnh (AENS)
Cc ch tiu trn cng c th c tnh ton d bo kh nng lm vic
trong tng lai.
V.1.2.6. Xc nh cc ch s tin cy:
Cc thut ng c bn ca hng hc, ct thit b v ngng cung cp in
S c hng hc.
71
Ct in, do thao tc ngi vn hnh: Cng bc, tng phn, theo lch,
Qu .
Mt in, do s c: lu di, thong qua, tm thi.
S c hng hc:
S c hng hc l trng thi ca mt phn t h thng m n khng hot
ng nh mong mun. Kt qu l phi ct phn t ra khi h thng. Tuy nhin
khng phi mi hng hc u a n ct in.
Ct thit b:
M t trng thi ca thit b khi n khng c hot ng v mt s cc l do
lin quan n thit b .
-Ct cng bc: l hu qu do cc iu kin khn cp lin quan n thit b
cn phi ct tc thi, hoc t ng nh thit b bo v rle, hoc thao tc ng
ct,hoc do tc ng sai ca thit b bo v hay ngi vn hnh thao tc sai.
-Ct theo lch: thit b a ra khi vn hnh theo thi gian nh trc, thng
thng khi c bo tr, sa cha hoc xy dng.
-Ct cng bc ngn hn: do cc s c thong qua gy ra, cc thit b c th
c a vo vn hnh tr li t ng khi cc CB, my ct t ng li, hoc khi
thay th cu ch.
-Ct cng bc do vn hnh: do cc s c khng th t gii tr c cn phi
sa cha thit b trc khi a vo vn hnh. V d: khi xy ra phng in lm chc
thng cch in, v vy cn sa cha hay thay th trc khi a vo vn hnh.
Ngng cung cp in:
Mt in mt hay nhiu khch hng. Nguyn nhn l do mt hay nhiu thit
b ct khi vn hnh.
-Mt in nh k: Mt in gy ra do ct theo lch.
-Mt in cng bc: gy ra do ct cng bc.
-Thi gian mt in: khong thi gian t lc bt u ct in khch hng cho
n khi phc hi li cho khch hng .
+Mt in thong qua: Mt in c thi gian nh, thit b c a
vo vn hnh tr li, do b phn gim st iu khin t ng hay bng tay
bi ngi vn hnh c th thao tc tc thi.
+Mt in duy tr: l cc trng hp cn li khng thuc loi mt in
thong qua.
72
73
Hnh 74 Lp th ph ti
TRM NGUN
TRM AN NGHA
TUYN DY
BNH KHNH
St
(MVA)
P(KW) Q(KVAR)
1016,9
554,46
8,65
7,37
0,85
953,28
491,99
13,31
9,93
1,40
330,85
170,55
1,34
1,16
0,41
1622,44
3923,47
907,33
2124,33
10,49
33,79
17,95
36,41
0,65
0,86
16
CN THNH
TRM CN Gi
HO V
HNG L
TNG CNG
16
32
TT CS TT CSPK
T L % GHI CH
P(KW) Q(KVAR)
VI.2.2.2. Kt qu b nh sau:
TRM NGUN
TRM AN NGHA
TUYN DY
BNH KHNH
St
TT CS TT CSPK
P(KW) Q(KVAR)
T L %
(MVA)
P(KW) Q(KVAR)
16
1015,37
259,04
7,12
6,05
0,70
950,79
199,37
10,82
8,08
1,14
330,85
170,55
1,34
1,16
0,41
1620,05
3917,06
311,34
940,3
8,1
13,85
27,38
29,14
0,50
0,70
CN THNH
TRM CN Gi
HO V
HNG L
TNG CNG
16
32
75
GHI CH
TT
TT
TT
TT
IN NNG
GIM TT GIM TT GIM
P(KW)
Q(KVAR) P(KW) Q(KVAR)
TIT KIM GHI CH
P(KW) Q(KVAR) T L %
KHNG T KHNG T C T
C T
(KWH)
BNH KHNH
8,65
7,37
7,12
6,05
1,53
1,32
18
36,72
CN THNH
13,31
9,93
10,82
8,08
2,49
1,85
19
59,76
HO V
1,34
1,16
1,34
1,16
0,00
10,49
33,79
17,95
36,41
8,1
13,85
2,39
4,1
27,38
29,14
6,41
7,27
23
19
57,36
153,84
HNG L
TNG CNG
0,65
0,41
0,41
0,5
0
1 Bnh Khnh
2 Cn Thnh
3 Ho V
4 Hng L
Trc khi b.
Sau khi b.
76
By Hin
Hc Mn
Thng Kit
Long Qun
TSF
Bu Ct
Thng Long
VI.3.1.2. Xc lp thng s
Xy dng th ph ti nh sau:
STT
Base
Max
77
Note
Name
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
By Hin
Hc Mn
Thng Kit
Long Qun
TSF
Bu Ct
Thng Long
Relative
duration
(pu)
Scale
Factor
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.70
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
Relative
duration
(pu)
Scale
Factor
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
78
79
Tuyn dy trung th Hc Mn
Tnh ton xc nh v tr b ti u trn phn mm PSS/ADEPT
80
81
82
83
84
VI.3.3. Tng hp kt qu b
Tn tuyn dy
By Hin
Hc Mn
Thng Kit
Long Qun
TSF
Bu Ct
B TNH
600KVAr/B
Cng
1
600
5
3,000
8
4,800
10
6,000
8
4,800
5
3,000
85
B NG NG
600KVAr/B
Cng
2
8
1,200
4,800
TNG (KVAr)
600
4,200
9,600
6,000
4,800
3,000
GHI
CH
Thng Long
CNG
2
39
1,200
23,400
10
6,000
Ht chng !
86
1,200
29,400
87
[18]. Hong Kim (Ch bin), K thut lp trnh m phng : Th gii thc v ng
dng, 1997, Nh xut bn Thng k.
[19]. Trn nh Long, Qui hoch h thng nng lng, 1999, Nh xut bn Khoa
hc k thut.
[20]. Trn nh Long, L thuyt h thng, 1999, Nh xut bn Khoa hc k thut.
[21]. Nguyn Vn m, Mng li in, Tp 1, 2, 2000. Nh xut bn Khoa hc k
thut.
[22]. Nguyn Hng Thi, Phn t t ng trong h thng in, 2000. Nh xut bn
Khoa hc k thut.
[23]. Cao Ho Thi, M hnh m phng, 1999, Tp bi ging chuyn .
[24]. L Vn t, Phn tch & iu khin n nh h thng in, 2000. Nh xut bn
Khoa hc k thut.
[25]. Nguyn Ngc H, ng Anh Tun, M phng vn hnh li in, 2000, Hi
ngh tin hc ln I, Cng ty in lc TP HCM.
[26]. Nguyn Ngc H, ng Anh Tun, ng dng cng ngh GIS qun l li
in phn phi, Hi ngh tin hc ln I, Cng ty in lc TP HCM.
[27]. PSS/ADEPT 5.0, Users Guide Shaw Power Technologies - 04 / 2004
[28]. H Vn Hin - H thng in truyn ti v phn phi NXB i hc quc gia
TP. H Ch Minh 2003
[29]. V Ngc Tc M hnh ha v m phng bng my tnh NXB Gio dc
2001
[30]. Nguyn Hong Vit Bo v Rle v t ng ha NXB i hc Quc Gia
TPHCM 2003
[31]. C.Russell Mason The Acrt and Science of protective relaying 1967
[32]. Cooper power system Electrical Distribution system Protection 1990
[33]. Cng ty in lc TPHCM Bo co chuyn PSS/ADEPT Phng k thut
cng ty- Thng 08- 2004
[34]. Copper Power Systems- Overcurrent Protection For Distribution SystemSeminar Notes and Reference Materials - 1995
[35]. URL
http://www.pti-us.com
88
DNG PHN MM
PHN TCH V
TNH TON LI IN
PSS/ADEPT
The Power System Simulator/Advanced
Distribution Engineering Productivity TooL
Phn 4
K nng p dng-Phn nng cao
S DNG PHN MM
PHN TCH V TNH
TON LI IN
PSS/ADEPT
Bin son-Trnh by:
Nguyn Hu Phc
ng Anh Tun
Ch bin:
PGS. TS. Nguyn Hu Phc
Li ni u
Li in phn phi v truyn ti khng ngng pht trin m rng v qui
m cng nh phc tp. Theo , cc yu cu cung cp in lin tc cho khch
hng vi cht lng in nng ngy cng cao cng gia tng. Thit b trn li
in phn phi hin nay vn c c im l a dng v chng loi, phc tp v
cu to. Qu trnh vn hnh nhm thc hin nhng thao tc mang tnh lp i lp
li nhiu ln nhng li i hi chnh xc cao v vy rt cn thit phi t ng
ha bng cch a nhiu thit b t ng, x l thng tin t ng nhm tng kh
nng truyn t v x l thng tin. Bng my tnh v cc phn mm chuyn dng
chng ta c th ngn chn trc v hn ch hng hc trong qu trnh vn hnh
li in. Nhng thnh tu mi v Cng ngh Thng tin nh v kh nng lu tr
ca phn cng, tc tnh ton, cc phng php h chuyn gia, mng
neuron, cung cp nhng phng tin v cng c mnh tng cng nghin
cu m rng ng dng trong lnh vc in nng. m bo v gi vng mi lin
h hu c ca cc thnh phn trong h thng sn xut truyn ti, phn phi v s
dng in nng.
p ng kp thi cc yu cu trn, t thng 01-2005 Tng cng ty in
lc Vit Nam (EVN) trc y, nay l Tp on in lc Vit Nam ch o
p dng th im phn mm PSS/ADEPT tnh ton li in theo a bn do
cc n v trc thuc qun l.
Phn mm PSS/ADEPT c pht trin dnh cho cc k s v nhn vin k
thut trong ngnh in. N c s dng nh mt cng c thit k v phn
tch li in phn phi. PSS/ADEPT cng cho php chng ta thit k, chnh sa
v phn tch s li v cc m hnh li in mt cch trc quan theo giao
din ha vi s nt khng gii hn. Thng 04-2004, hng Shaw Power
Technologies cho ra i phin bn PSS/ADEPT 5.0 vi nhiu tnh nng b
sung v cp nht y cc thng s thc t ca cc phn t trn li in.
Cng ty in lc 2-Tp on in lc Vit Nam (EVN) phi hp cng
Khoa in-in t trng i hc Bch Khoa thnh ph H Ch Minh nghin
cu p dng phn mm ny. Cng ty in lc 2 thc hin tp hun cho cc n
v trc thuc nhm trang b kh nng s dng phn mm chun tnh ton v phn
tch li in da trn phn mm PSS/ADEPT. iu ny, nhm gip Cng ty
in lc 2 tng bc h thng ho, chun ho kin thc p dng tnh ton v
in trong cc hot ng ca Cng ty nht l cng tc qun l k thut vn hnh
li in. u tin l cc bi ton: phn b cng sut trn li, ngn mch, b
II
Tm tt ni dung
Gio trnh ny c bin son phc v cho cc bui tp hun s dng phn
mm phn tch v tnh ton li in PSS/ADEPT 5.0. Gio trnh gm cc phn:
Phn 1: Kin thc chun b yu cu-n tp kin thc
Phn 2: Hng dn s dng PSS/ADEPT
Phn 3: Cc k nng s dng phn mm PSS/ADEPT-Phn cn bn
Phn 4: Cc k nng s dng phn mm PSS/ADEPT-Phn nng cao
hc vin cc n v nm bt v p dng nhanh, cn c thm cc phn:
Phn 5: Cm nang s dng
Phn 6: Thut ng Anh-Vit i chiu qua cc slide bi ging phn
mm PSS/ADEPT
Phn 7: Cc slide bi ging ca chuyn gia PTI software.
Ngoi ra cn c Gio trnh in t lu tr trn a CD-ROM: Gm cc ti
liu a phng tin (Multimedia) h tr thm cho cc hc vin chun b bi hc
trc khi ln lp, n tp sau kha hc v a phng cng tc. c thc hin
bng k thut lp trnh Web v x l Multimedia (dng phim c m thanh, Web
page,)
Cc chng trnh chuyn i:
1. Chng trnh Chuyn Excel DAT File.
2. Chng trnh Chuyn DAT File Excel.
3. Chng trnh x l s liu u vo
4. Chng trnh Tnh Cng Sut Ngun.
5. Chng trnh Tnh Tng Tr My Bin Th.
6. Chng trnh chia s PSS/ADEPT qua mng LAN, WAN v internet
7. H thng cc bi tp trc nghim trn my tnh sut kho hc
8. Chng trnh thi kt thc kho hc bng trc nghim trc tip trn my
tnh
V cc CD-ROM:
-CD1: Gio trnh in t h tr
-CD2: Cc bi ging v bi tp
III
-CD3: D liu li in
-CD4: D liu li in (tt) v source cc chng trnh h PSS/*
-CD5: Cc chng trnh h tr kho hc
Gm cc ti nguyn hc tp nh: ti liu tham kho, Users Guide, website
PTI (offline, xem khng cn kt ni internet), web documents, source software
PSS/ADEPT and untilities, cc phn mm chuyn i d liu v demo phc v
ng dng tnh ton bng PSS/ADEPT,
Qua kinh nghip tp hun v gip cc hc vin thuc cc n v in lc
p dng nhanh phn mm PSS/ADEPT. Chng ti ch trng chnh vo 4 mc
tiu p dng trin khai PSS/ADEPT nh sau:
Thit lp thng s mng li
Program, network settings
To s
Creating diagrams
BO CO
Reports, diagrams
IV
VI
Ch
Lin quan
V d, bi tp
Lu tp tin v d mu
D liu mu c sn trn CD-ROM/DATA
Ht chng !
VII
Ht chng
Mc lc tng qut
Phn Mt: Kin thc chun b
CHNG 1: M HNH LI IN
CHNG 2 PHN B CNG SUT
CHNG 3: NGN MCH
CHNG 4: BI TON KHI NG NG C V XC NH IM DNG TI U
CHNG 5: PHI HP BO V
CHNG 6: SNG HI
CHNG 7: XC NH V TR B TI U
CHNG 8: NH GI TIN CY
CHNG 9: CC VN KHC CA LI IN PHN PHI
Phn Hai: Hng dn s dng phn mm
CHNG 1: HNG DN CI T PHN MM PSS/ADEPT
CHNG 2: HNG DN S DNG PHN MM PSS/ADEPT
PH LC 1: M HNH XUT TUYN DY C LP
PH LC 2: NGUYN TC PHN PHI
PH LC 3: KIU D LIU
Phn Ba: K nng p dng-Phn c bn
CHNG 1: D LIU CHUN B
CHNG 2: CC BC THC HIN
CHNG 3: MT S KT QU P DNG
Phn Bn: Cm nang s dng
Phn Nm: K nng p dng-Phn nng cao
CHNG 1: X L S LIU
CHNG 2: B SUNG CC THNG S VO PHN MM
CHNG 3: BIU DIN, PHN TCH V NH GI KT QU TNH TON H TR
RA QUYT NH
CHNG 4: C KT KINH NGHIM P DNG TI MT S LI IN CA CC
IN LC KHU VC
CHNG 5: QUN L V TNH TON LI IN PHN PHI TRN NN H
THNG THNG TIN A L
CHNG 6: M PHNG VN HNH LI IN
CHNG 7: GII PHP CHIA S KHA CNG PHN MM TRN MY N CHO
NHIU NGI S DNG
CHNG 8: TM HIU MT S PHN MM PHN TCH LI IN KHC
Phn Su: Thut ng Anh-Vit i chiu qua cc slide bi ging
Phn By: Cc slide bi ging ca PTI software
VIII
PSS/ADEPT
Phn Bn:
K nng p dng
-Phn nng cao
04
III. nh gi ..................................................................................................... 58
IV. Tnh ton li in quy m ln nhiu cp in p ................................... 68
IV.1. iu chnh to ................................................................................................... 68
IV.2. Tnh ton tng tr my bin th ............................................................................. 70
CHNG 1:
X L S LIU
CHNG 1:
X L S LIU
Xc nh cng sut tiu th ca tng ph ti l bi ton u tin cn gii
quyt cho mi bi ton tnh ton trong li in. y cng l vn c nhiu
Cng ty in lc quan tm nhm la chn phng php thu thp d liu kh dng
vi hin trng.
Do vy thc hin chng trnh PSS/ADEPT phc v cho cng vic tnh
ton li in chng ti phi x l cc thng s hin ti in lc c c theo
phng n s c trnh by trong mc 2 phn x l s liu u vo nhp cho
chng trnh PSS/ADEPT.
Ngoi ra chng ti cn cung cp thm nhiu cng c h tr x l d liu.
Chuyn i nhiu nh dng d liu qua li vi d liu ca phn mm PSS/ADEPT.
Sau y trnh by mt s phng n thu thp, x l d liu phc v cho s liu
u vo cc bi ton tnh ton phn tch trong cc phn mm chuyn ngnh in.
(1)
Vi:
Atram i
A l ra
21
19
17
15
13
11
Vi:
(2)
A nhnh r
P(t)nhnh r
P(t) tram i
S
i =1
Vi:
tram i
(3)
Stram i
P(t)nhnh r
P(t) tram i
Bc 2:
Chy chng trnh cc chc nng tnh ton ca phn mm.
Bc 3:
Xc nh cc ph ti cn li trn trc chnh, c th xc nh t hiu ca th
tng o c ti l ra v cc th ph ti nhnh r theo cng thc (1)
II.1.3. Phng n xy dng th ph ti t th ph ti h th chun
II.1.3.1. Gii thiu
Phng n ny ch yu da vo tnh cht qui nh loi th ph ti ca trm
bin th h p. Cc dng th c o c trong thi gian di c c th
c trng. Vic phn chia cc loi trm bin th h p c th da vo t l thanh
ton trn ho n tin in. T cc th ph ti chun, nng lng in nng tiu
th v loi trm, ta c th xy dng c th ph ti ti nhnh r hay on trc
ca bt c ng dy trung l no.
II.1.3.2. Nhn xt:
C th ni y l phng n c chnh xc cao nht c th thc hin c
m khng cn u t thm bt c mt thit b ghi d liu no ln li.
Cc th ph ti o c trn cc nhnh ch yu dng kim tra mc
chnh xc ca tnh cht loi ti c xc nh trn cc ho n thu tin in.
Tuy nhin mt nhc im ht sc ln y l phi xc nh th ph ti
chun thun cho tng loi hnh tiu th in nh Thng nghip, khch sn, nh
hng; Qun l v tiu dng dn c ; Cng nghip xy dng . Thc t cc trm
bin th h p cung cp cho nhiu loi h tiu th khc nhau. Vic t b ghi d
liu ti cc trm bin th h p gp kh khn trong vic bo qun, an ninh v s
lng trm cn kho st qu nhiu
.
10
Xy dng
11
tng pht tuyn. Sau tnh ton c thi gian s dng trung bnh ca ton pht
tuyn.
Bc 3: Thu thp in nng tiu th ca tng trm (thng 7/2004) c cung
cp t Phng kinh doanh ca in lc thng qua tp tin ha n ca tng trm
khch hng v trm cng cng. T s liu ny tnh ton c cng sut trung bnh
ca tng trm, trng hp trn tp tin ha n khng c in nng phn khng th
in lc Tn Bnh tm xem costrung bnh ca trm bng costrung bnh ca pht tuyn
.
nh gi u khuyt im ca phng n cng sut trung bnh.
u im: Thu thp c s liu nhanh chng v y , tnh ton d dng v
ph hp. Tnh chnh xc ti u ngun cao.
Nhc im: Theo phng n trn tnh chnh xc trn tng ph ti s khng
ph hp, cn tu thuc vo s vn hnh li in. Khng th xy dng trong
thi gian ngn v chnh xc ca tnh trung bnh s khng cao.
13
END/ TITLE
Kt thc phn tiu .
.
.
Ni dung phn thng s thit lp cho li in.
.
END/ NODES
Kt thc d liu phn Nodes.
.
.
D liu phn Source (Ngun)
.
14
END/ LOADS
Kt thc d liu phn Loads.
.
.
D liu phn Capacitor (T b)
.
END/ CAPS
Kt thc d liu phn Caps.
.
.
Tip tc cho cc phn t khc ca h thng (nu c)
IV.2.
15
16
17
VI.2. S dng chng trnh chuyn bng tnh Excel sang d liu dng
.dat:
Chng trnh PSS/ADEPT c th c cc file dng .dat ca chng trnh
PSS/U nh mt cch k tha v s dng li cc d liu c. Tn dng kh nng ny,
Trung tm iu thng tin cung cp chng trnh chuyn d liu t file dng
Excel (.xls) sang file dng text (.dat). iu ny gip ch rt nhiu cho cng tc nhp
liu ca chng trnh, tn dng c cc c s d liu c trc y ca in
Lc s dng phn mm PSS/U cng nh nhng s liu mi trong cc c s d liu
dng .dbf, .xls.
Sau khi nhp cc s liu cn thit vo bng tnh Excel, in Lc Si Gn s
dng chng trnh chuyn d liu sang dng .dat, sn sng dng PSS/ADEPT x l
d liu.
18
Ht chng !
19
CHNG 2:
B SUNG CC THNG S
VO PHN MM
CHNG 2:
B SUNG CC THNG S VO PHN MM
in tr v in khng (th t thun, th t khng) ca ng dy l cc
thng s quan trng khi tnh ton cc bi ton trong truyn ti v phn phi in
nng. Cc gi tr ny ngoi vic ph thuc vo bn cht ca dy dn (hoc cp)
cn ph thuc vo cch lp t ca chng nh th no. C ngha l ngoi thnh
phn t thn ca dy dn (hoc cp) th cn c thnh phn tng h gia cc pha
trong mch v ca cc mch c v tr ln cn. C th ly VD khi thay i v tr ba
pha ca mt mch ic hay khi mch in c lp t gn mt mch in khc th
cc gi tr dc trng nu trn chc chn s thay i. thun tin cho ngi s
dng trong vic tnh ton cc thng s ng dy, PSS/ADEPT cung cp mt
module tnh ton ring l :LINE CONSTANT. Ta c th s dng module ny tnh
ton cc thng s ca ng dy da trn tnh cht cc loi dy dn hay cp trong
tp tin th vin *.con qui nh ca chng trnh.Trong tp tin ny c lit k cc loi
dy dn (theo chun no , thng l ca M ) hin hu cng vi cc c tnh k
thut ca n. Ta c th dng chng trnh NOTEPAD thay i cc thng tin ny
ph hp vi mng in c th ca chng ta, cng nh cp nht cc loi dy dn
khc ko c trong th vin. Vn ta s bn sau, y trnh by cch thc s
dng module LINE CONSTANT tnh ton thng s ng dy.
PSS/ADEPT cung cp mt c s d liu cc thit b bo v phc v cho bi
ton tnh phi hp bo v. Ngoi vic cung cp cc thit b bo v c sn trong
CSDL , PSS/ADEPT cn cho php ngi dng thay i cc c tnh k thut ca
cc thit b cng nh cp nht thm cc thit b bo v khc ko c trong CSDL.
Kh nng ny ca PSS/ADEPT rt quan trng v khi ng dng PSS/ADEPT phn
tch cc mng in khc nhau chng ta s phi i mt vi cc thit b bo v rt
a dng do nhiu hng sn xut khc nhau trn th gii. Mt khi trn h thng ca
chng ta c cc thit b khc vi cc thit b c trong CSDl chng ta d dng
cp nht thm s dng. CSDL ny c tn PTIProt. c a ch: C:\Program
Files\PTI\PSS-ADEPT5\Database (gi s C: l a ci t PSS/ADEPT , nu ci
t PSS/ADEPT a khc th ta c th thay i tn a tng ng)
21
22
23
24
Tab ny cho php ngi dng thit lp mi trng lm vic chung : hin th
hnh lang li in nhu th no, mu sc hin th; H n v s dng; loi dy dn
mc nh lm dy tip t; loi dy dn mc nh lm dy pha, cc thng s tng
qut v tn s .
25
26
27
28
29
30
Tin hnh tnh ton ta s dng nt Calculate Impedance trn thanh cng c.
Kt qu xut ra trong ca s nh sau:
31
32
33
Thm mt loi Relay :nhn nt theo hng dn hnh giao din chnh ca
chng trnh nh trn
Thm mt loi Recloser : nhn nt theo hng dn hnh giao din chnh ca
chng trnh nh trn
34
35
36
suy ra:
37
39
40
41