Types of polymers: Uses and Applications: 1)Phenol:

The major uses of phenol, consuming two thirds of its production, involve its conversion to plastics or related materials. Phenol is also a versatile precursor to a large collection of drugs, most notably aspirin but also many herbicides and pharmaceuticals. Phenol is also used as an oral anesthetic/analgesic, commonly used to temporarily treat pharyngitis. It once was widely used as an antiseptic, especially as Carbolic soap. Phenol derivatives are also used in the preparation of cosmetics including sunscreens. Phenol are also used in the preparation of hair dyes. Phenol are also used in the preparation of and skin lightening preparations. It is a component of industrial paint strippers used in the aviation industry for the removal of epoxy, polyurethane and other chemically resistant coatings. Hydrogenation of phenol gives cyclohexanone, a precursor to nylon. Hydrogenation of phenol gives cyclohexanone.

2)Polypropylene:
Food containers made of polypropylene are of superior quality and can be safely washed in a dishwasher. It is also used for making cans and syrup bottles that are required for food packaging.

 Polypropylene mixes well with different types of dyes and its colorful fibers make beautiful carpets which have high durability. In our daily life, we find its uses it in the form of various housewares. Polypropylene, in its pure form, is used in semiconductor industry. Due to the high impact property, it can withstand strong force. Ropes made of polypropylene is often used for fishing and agriculture purposes. In the construction sector, the uses of polypropylene are in manufacturing of pumps and different types of pipes. In automotive sector, several auto parts like bumpers, battery cases, etc. are made up of polypropylene. Carpets made of it can be kept near swimming pools or other such areas where it is exposed to a lot of water.

3)Ethylene glycol:
The major use of ethylene glycol is as a medium for convective heat transfer in, for example, automobiles and liquid cooled computers. In the plastics industry, ethylene glycol is important precursor to polyester fibers and resins. Polyethylene terephthalate, used to make plastic bottles for soft drinks, is prepared from ethylene glycol. Because of its high boiling point and affinity for water, ethylene glycol is a useful desiccant. Ethylene glycol is widely used to inhibit the formation of natural gas clathrates (hydrates) in long multiphase

pipelines that convey natural gas from remote gas fields to an onshore pr ocessing facility. Natural gas is dehydrated by ethylene glycol. The purity of glycol used for hydrate suppression (monoethylene glycol) is typically around 80%, whereas the purity of glycol used for dehydration (triethylene glycol) is typically 95 to more than 99%. Ethylene glycol is also used in the manufacture of some vaccines, but it is not itself present in these injections. It is used as a minor (12%) ingredient in shoe polish and also in some inks and dyes. It is also used as part of the water-based fluid used to control subsea oil and gas production equipment.

4)PVC It is used for sewerage pipes and other pipe applications

where cost or vulnerability to corrosion limit the use of metal. By adding plasticizers, it can become flexible enough to be used in cabling applications as a wire insulator. Half of the world's polyvinyl chloride resin manufactured annually is used for producing pipes for municipal and industrial applications PVC is commonly used as the insulation on electrical cables; PVC used for this purpose needs to be plasticized. PVC is extensively used in the building industry as a lowmaintenance material, particularly in Ireland, the United Kingdom, and in the United States. PVC is often expanded to create voids in the interior of the material, providing additional thickness without additional weight and minimal extra cost.

 PVC has become widely used in clothing, to either create a leather. PVC clothing is common in Goth, Punk and alternative fashions. PVC is cheaper than rubber, leather, and latex which it is therefore used to simulate. PVC fabric has a sheen to it and is waterproof so is used in coats, skiing equipment, shoes, jackets, aprons, and bags. PVC has been used for a host of consumer products of relatively minor volume compared to the industria

5)Poly methyl methacrylate :

polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) has been used in orthopaedic surgery to fix prosthetic component. Pressurization of bone cement at primary total hip replacement improves the mechanical interlock of the cement and cancellous bone. It is less-used in other building types due to incidents such as the Summerland disaster. PMMA is used in the lenses of exterior lights of automobiles. PMMA acrylic glass is commonly used for constructing residential and commercial aquariums. PMMA (under the brand name "Lucite") was used for the ceiling of the Houston Astrodome. PMMA has a good degree of compatibility with human tissue, and can be used for replacement intraocular lenses in the eye when the original lens has been removed in the treatment of cataracts. PMMA is also used in the production of ocular prostheses, such as the osteo-odonto-keratoprosthesis.

 Sheets of PMMA are commonly used in the sign industry to make flat cut out letters in thicknesses typically varying from 3 to 25 millimeters (0.1 to 1.0 in). It is used as a light guide for the backlights in TFT-LCD

6)Polystyrene sulfonates:
Polystyrene sulfonates are used to remove dangerously high levels of potassium in the blood, since hyperkalemia can cause cardiac arrhythmias and death. They are effective at reducing serum potassium levels, although there is concern about possible side effects when it is mixed with sorbitol. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate is used as a superplastifier in cement, as a dye improving agent for cotton and as proton exchange membranes in fuel cell applications. Crosslinked polystyrenes that are then sulfonated have found widespread use as ion-exchange resins. Polystyrene sulfonates are dissolved in water and administered orally (with a meal) or rectally, by retention enema. polystryene sulfonate complex is excreted with the feces, preventing the absorption of potassium into the blood stream. Hence, the serum potassium level decreases. Crosslinked polystyrenes that are then sulfonated have found widespread use as ion-exchange resins. Self-curing acrylic cement was adapted for orthopaedic use by Charnley1,2 and descriptions of its use appear in two of his books. The use of a template allows the surgeon to more accurately judge the size and shape of the graft required at the donor site as it is removed.

 Owing to its low friction, it is used for applications where

sliding action of parts is needed.

7)ETFE:
The Eden Project biomes are constructed with ETFE cushions. Another key use of ETFE is for the covering of electrical wiring used in high stress, low fume toxicity and high reliability situations. . Aircraft and spacecraft wiring are primary examples. Some little wire like the wire used for the wire-wrap technique are coated with ETFE. As a dual laminate, ETFE can be bonded with FRP as a thermoplastic liner, and used in pipes, tanks, and vessels for additional corrosion protection. ETFE is commonly used in the nuclear industry for tie or cable wraps, and in the aviation and aerospace industries Commercially deployed brand names of ETFE include Tefzel by DuPont, Fluon by Asahi Glass Company , Neoflon ETFE by Daikin,and Texlon by Vector Foiltec. Due to its high temperature resistance ETFE is also used in film mode as a mold release film. ETFE film such as PMP Film by Honeywell is used in aerospace applications such as carbon fiber pre-preg curing as a release film for molds or hot high pressure plates. As a dual laminate, ETFE can be bonded with FRP as a thermoplastic liner, and used in pipes, tanks, and vessels for additional corrosion protection.

8)PTFE

 Owing to its low friction, it is used for applications where

sliding action of parts is needed: plain bearings, gears, slide plates, etc. I . For these applications, versions of PTFE with mineral oil or molybdenum disulfide embedded as additional lubricants in its matrix are being manufactured. . Its extremely high bulk resistivity makes it an ideal material for fabricating long-life electrets, useful devices that Powdered PTFE is used in pyrotechnic compositions as oxidizers together with powdered metals such as aluminium and magnesium are the electrostatic analogues of magnets. In optical radiometry, sheets made from PTFE are used as measuring heads in spectroradiometers and broadband radiometers (e.g., illuminance meters and UV radiometers) due to its capability to diffuse a transmitting light nearly perfectly. Moreover, optical properties of PTFE stay constant over a wide range of wavelengths, from UV up to near infrared. In this region, the relation of its regular transmittance. PTFE is also used to coat certain types of hardened, armor-piercing bullets, so as to prevent the increased wear on the firearm's rifling that would result from the harder projectile. PTFE itself that gives the bullet its armor-piercing property. High corrosion resistance favors the use of PTFE in laboratory environments as containers, as magnetic stirrer coatings, and as tubing for highly corrosive chemicals such as hydrofluoric acid, which will dissolve glass containers.

 PTFE tubes are used in gas-gas heat exchangers in gas cleaning of waste incinerators. Unit power capacity is typically several megawatts. PTFE is also widely used as a thread seal tape in plumbing applications, largely replacing paste thread dope. PTFE grafts can be used to bypass stenotic arteries in peripheral vascular disease, if a suitable autologous vein graft is not available.

9)HDPE
HDPE is also used for cell liners in subtitle D sanitary landfills, wherein large sheets of HDPE are either extrusion or wedge welded to form a homogeneous chemicalresistant barrier. One of the largest uses for HDPE is wood plastic composites and composite wood, with recycled polymers leading the way. HDPE is also widely used in the pyrotechnics trade. HDPE mortars are preferred to steel or PVC tubes, Milk bottles and other hollow goods manufactured through blow molding are the most important application area for HDPE. HDPE were first imported in 2005, is a growing market for rigid HDPE packaging, as a result of its improving standard of living. . In India and other highly populated, emerging nations, infrastructure expansion includes the deployment of pipes and cable insulation made from HDPE. HDPE is resistant to many different solvents and has a wide variety of applications including Corrosion protection for steel pipelines.

 Geothermal heat transfer piping systems are made from HDPE. Natural gas distribution pipe systems are also build from HDPE. HDPE also used in making Bottles, suitable for use as refillable bottles.

10)LDPE:
LDPE is widely used for manufacturing various containers, dispensing bottles, wash bottles. LDPE is used in makaing, plastic bags for computer components, and various molded laboratory equipment. Juice and milk cartons is made of liquid packaging board, a laminate of paperboard and LDPE (as the water-proof inner and outer layer), and often with of a layer of aluminum foil . Parts of computer hardware, such as hard disk drives, screen cards, and optical disc drives are made from LDPE. Trays and general purpose containers are made from LDPE. LDPE is used in Parts that need to be weldable and machinable. Very soft and pliable parts are made from LDPE. Parts that require flexibility, for which it serves very well. LDPE is widely used for manufacturing various containers, dispensing bottles, wash bottles. tubing, plastic bags for computer components, and various molded laboratory equipment.

Types of fiber: 1)Carbon fiber:

Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer is used extensively in highend automobile racing.

 Many supercars over the past few decades have incorporated CFRP extensively in their manufacture, using it for their monocoque chassis as well as other components. It has also been used in automotive applications for aesthetics, as well as heat and abrasion resistance. Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) has over the past two decades become an increasingly notable material used in structural engineering applications. When used as a replacement for steel, CFRP bars could be used to reinforce concrete structures, however the applications are not common. Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer has found a lot of use in high-end sports equipment such as racing bicycles. Carbon-Graphite spars are used on the frames of high-end sport kites. This material is used when manufacturing squash, tennis and badminton racquets Carbon fiber is used in the manufacture of high quality arrows for archery, CFRP has also found application in the construction of highend audio components such as turntables and loudspeakers, again due to its stiffness.

2) Bamboo fiber:

Bamboo is used in Chinese medicine for treating infections and healing. It is a low-calorie source of potassium. It is known for its sweet taste and as a good source of nutrients and protein. In its natural form, bamboo as a construction material is traditionally associated with the cultures of South Asia, East Asia .

 Various structural shapes may be made by training the bamboo to assume them as it grows. Bamboo can be cut and laminated into sheets and planks. Bamboo intended for use in construction should be treated to resist insects and rot. Bamboo has been used as reinforcement for concrete in those areas where it is plentiful, though dispute exists over its effectiveness in the various studies done on the subject. Because the fibers of bamboo are very short (less than 3mm), they are impossible to transform into yarn in a natural process. Bamboo fiber has been used to make paper in China since early times. A high quality hand-made paper is still produced in small quantities. Several manufacturers offer bamboo bicycles and longboards.

3)spandex fibre :
Apparel and clothing articles where stretch is desired, generally for comfort and fit, suathletic, aerobic For clothing, spandex is usually mixed with cotton or polyester, and accounts for a small percentage of the final fabric. It used in Home furnishings, such as microbead pillows. It also used in dance belts worn by male ballet dancers and others. Bra straps and side panels are made from it. It used in making Compression garments such as: cycling shorts. foundation garments. motion capture suits. An estimated 80% of clothing sold in the United States contained spandex in 2010.

4)Nylon: The worn out nylon stockings will be reprocessed and made into parachutes for army fliers . Some of the terpolymers based upon nylon are used every day in packaging. Nylon has been used for meat wrappings and sausage sheaths. Nylon can be used as the matrix material in composite materials, with reinforcing fibers like glass or carbon fiber; such a composite has a higher density than pure nylon. intake manifolds, where the good heat resistance of such materials makes them feasible competitors to metals. It was even used in the production of a high-grade paper for U.S. currency. At the outset of the war, cotton accounted for more than 80% of all fibers used and manufactured. Bill Pittendreigh, DuPont, and other individuals and corporations worked diligently during the first few months of World War II to find a way to replace Asian silk and hemp with nylon in parachutes. Geomembrane for hydraulic applications (canals, bank reinforcements...) and the containment of certain chemicals. Natural gas distribution pipe systems. It is also used for cell liners in subtitle

5 )Olefin fiber:
It used in Sports & active wear, socks, thermal underwear; lining fabrics. Olefin can be used by itself or in blends for indoor and outdoor carpets, carpet tiles, and carpet backing. The fiber can also be used in upholstery, draperies, wall coverings, slipcovers, and floor coverings.

 Olefin can be used for interior fabrics, sun visors, arm rests, door and side panels. Olefin can be used for interior fabrics, sun visors, arm rests, door and side panels, trunks, parcel shelfs, and resin replacement as binder fibers. In an industrial setting, olefin creates carpets; ropes, geotextiles that are in contact with the soil. It also used in filter fabrics, bagging, concrete reinforcement. It also used in heat-sealable paper (e.g. tea- and coffee-bags). The fiber can also be used in upholstery, draperies, wall coverings, slipcovers.

Elastomers and rubbers 1) Natural Polyisoprene:

The use of rubber is widespread, ranging from household to industrial products, entering the production stream at the intermediate stage or as final products. Tires and tubes are the largest consumers of rubber. The remaining 44% are taken up by the general rubber goods (GRG) sector, which includes all products except tires and tubes. The first use of rubber was by the Olmecs, who centuries later passed on the knowledge of natural latex from the Hevea tree in 1600 BC to the ancient Mayans. They boiled the harvested latex to make a ball for a Mesoamerican ballgame Other significant uses of rubber are door and window profiles. They boiled the harvested latex to make a ball for a Mesoamerican ballgame hoses, belts. . They boiled the harvested latex to make a ball for a Mesoamerican ballgame flooring and dampeners.

 the automotive industry in what is known as the "under the bonnet" products. Gloves (medical, household and industrial) and toy balloons are also large consumers of rubber. although the type of rubber used is that of the concentrated latex.

2)Synthetic Polyisoprene
Significant tonnage of rubber is used as adhesives in many manufacturing industries and products, although the two most noticeable are the paper and the carpet industries. Rubber is also commonly used to make rubber bands and pencil erasers. Many aircraft tires and inner tubes are still made of natural rubber due to the high cost of certification for aircraft use of synthetic replacements. Additionally, rubber produced as a fiber sometimes called elastic, has significant value for use in the textile industry because of its excellent elongation and recovery properties. For these purposes, manufactured rubber fiber is made as either an extruded round fiber or rectangular fibers that are cut into strips from extruded film. Because of its low dye acceptance, feel and appearance, the rubber fiber is either covered by yarn of another fiber or directly woven with other yarns into the fabric. In the early 1900s, for example, rubber yarns were used in foundation garments. While rubber is still used in textile manufacturing, its low tenacity limits its use in lightweight garments because latex lacks resistance to oxidizing agents. the textile industry has turned to Neoprene (polymer form of Chloroprene), a type of synthetic rubber as well as another more commonly used elastomer fiber.

 spandex (also known as elastin), because of their superiority to rubber in both strength and durability. Additionally, rubber produced as a fiber sometimes called elastic, has significant value for use in the textile industry.

3)polybutadiene:
Polybutadiene is largely used in various parts of automobile tires; the manufacture of tires consumes about 70% of the world production of polybutadiene, with a majority of it being high cis. The polybutadiene is used primarily in the sidewall of truck tires, this helps to improve fatigue to failure life due to the continuous flexing during run. As a result, tires will not blow out in extreme service conditions. It is also used in the tread portion of giant truck tires to improve the abrasion. Its main competitors in this application are styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) and natural rubber. Polybutadiene has the advantage compared to SBR in its lower liquid-glass temperature. which gives it a high resistance to wear and a low rolling resistance. This gives the tires a long life and low fuel consumption. However, the lower transition temperature also lowers the friction on wet surfaces, which is why polybutadiene almost always is used in combination with any of the other two elastomers. About 1 kg of polybutadiene is used per tire in automobiles, and 3.3 kg in utility vehicles. About 25% of the produced polybutadiene is used to improve the mechanical properties of plastics, in particular of high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) and to a lesser extent acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS).

 The addition of between 4 and 12% polybutadiene to polystyrene transforms it from a fragile and delicate material to a ductile and resistant one. The quality of the process is more important in the use in plastics than in tires, especially when it comes to color and content of gels which have to be as low as possible. In addition, the products need to meet a list of health requirements due to its use in the food industry.

4)butyl rubber:
Polyisobutylene (in the form of polyisobutylene succinimide, PIBSI) has interesting properties when used as an additive in lubricating oils and motor fuels. Polyisobutylene added in small amounts to the lubricating oils used in machining results in a significant reduction in the generation of oil mist and thus reduces the operator's inhalation of oil mist. It is also used to clean up waterborne oil spills as part of the commercial product Elastol. When added to crude oil it increases the oil's viscoelasticity when pulled, causing the oil to resist breakup when it is vacuumed from the surface of the water. As a fuel additive, polyisobutylene has detergent properties. When added to diesel fuel, it resists fouling of fuel injectors, leading to reduced hydrocarbon and particulate emissions. It is blended with other detergents and additives to make a detergent package that are added to gasoline and diesel fuel to resist buildup of deposits and engine knock. Polyisobutylene is used in some formulations as a thickening agent. Butyl rubber is used for the bladders in basketballs, footballs, soccer balls and other inflatable balls to provide a tough, airtight inner compartment. Butyl rubber sealant is used for rubber roof repair and for maintenance of roof membranes (especially around the edges). Butyl rubber sealant is used for rubber roof repair and for maintenance of roof membranes (especially around the edges).

 Butyl rubber is one of the most robust elastomers when subjected

to chemical warfare agents and decontamination materials.

5)Epichlorohydrin Rubber:
Epichlorohydrin is mainly converted to a building block in the manufacture of. It is also a precursor to monomers for other resins and polymers. However, the rapid increase in production, where glycerol is a waste product, has led to a glut of glycerol on the market, rendering this process uneconomic for the mass market. Synthetic glycerol is now used only in sensitive pharmaceutical, technical and personal care applications where quality standards are very high. Epichlorohydrin is a versatile precursor in the synthesis of many organic compounds. For example, it is converted toglycidyl nitrate, an energetic binder used in explosive and propellant compositions. The epichlorohydrin is reacted with an alkali nitrate, such as sodium nitrate,producing glycidyl nitrate and alkali chloride. It is used as a solvent for, cellulose resins, and paints, and it has found use as an insect fumigant. Epichlorohydrin is used in paper reinforcement (used for instance in the food industry to manufacture bags, filters, and sausage/salami casings) and purification. An important biochemical application of epichlorohydrin is its use as crosslinking agent for the production of Sephadex sizeexclusion chromatographic resins from dextrans.

6)polyacrylic rubber:
It is used in manufacturing of rear and bearing seals, automatic transmission seals, valve steam seals. diaphragm stock etc.it is resistant to heat , oil and temperature. The key properties of Polyacrylic (ACM) are its resistance to hot hydraulic oil and oxidation. It is also resistant to ozone and weathering and in these respects it is much superior to Nitrile Rubber.

 Water resistance is poor, as is its resistance to acids and alkalis. Low temperature applications are limited to -10C. Polyacrylic has very low resilience below 70C and has found use in vibration damping. Typical applications include automotive transmissions components requiring resistance to hot oil or fuel. The epichlorohydrin is reacted with an alkali nitrate, such as producing glycidyl nitrate and alkali chloride. It is used as a solvent for resins, and paints, and it has found use as an insect fumigant.

7)Silicone Rubber:
Once mixed and coloured, silicone rubber can be extruded into tubes, strips, solid cord or custom profiles according the size restrictions of the manufacturer. Cord can be joined to make O-rings and extruded profiles can be joined to make seals. Silicone rubber can be molded into custom shapes and designs. Manufacturers work to set industry tolerances when extruding, cutting or joining silicone rubber profiles. In the UK this is BS3734, for extrusions the tightest level is E1 and the widest is E3. Becoming more and more common at the consumer level, silicone rubber products can be found in every room of a typical home. From automotive applications; to a large variety of cooking, baking, and food storage products; to apparel, undergarments, sportsw Freeze-tolerant solar water heating panels exploit the elasticity of silicone to repeatedly accommodate the expansion of water on freezing, while its extreme temperature tolerance ear. Non-dyed silicone rubber tape with an iron-oxide additive (making the tape a red-orange color) is used extensively in aviation and aerospace wiring applications as a splice or wrapping tape due to its non-flammable nature. The iron-oxide additive adds high thermal conductivity but does not change the high electrical insulation property of the silicone rubber.

 This type of tape self-fuses or amalgamates without any added adhesive.

8)Fluorosilicone Rubber:
Fluor silicone rubber O-ring O-ring seal as main chain structure of semi-inorganic silicone, silicone material to keep it in the heat resistance, cold resistance. O-ring material with excellent resistance to organic fluorine hydrogen solvents, oil, acid and a lower surface energy properties. . Fluorosilicone rubber O-ring O-ring seal can be widely used in aerospace, aviation, automotive, electrical, electronic appliances, textiles. Yellow, blue, may also be customer specified color. Fluorosilicone rubber O-rings has excellent low temperature flexibility, aromatic hydrogen for fuel and mineral oil. Often used in contact with jet engines and automotive fuel, most of the solvents, motor oil, particularly used in the aerospace industry. Fluorosilicone rubber O-rings has excellent low temperature flexibility, aromatic hydrogen for fuel and mineral oil. Non-dyed silicone rubber tape with an iron-oxide additive (making the tape a red-orange color) is used extensively in aviation and aerospace wiring applications as a splice or wrapping tape due to its non-flammable nature. The iron-oxide additive adds high thermal conductivity but does not change the high electrical insulation property of the silicone rubber. Epichlorohydrin is mainly converted to, bisphenol diglycidyl ethera building block in the manufacture of

9)Polyether Block Amides:

PEBA is found in the sports equipment market: for damping system components and outsoles of high end shoes (running, track & field, football, baseball. PEBA is used in medical products such as catheters for its flexibility, its good mechanical properties at low and high temperatures, and its softness.

 It is also widely used in the manufacture of electric and electronic goods such as cables and wire coatings, electronic device casings, components, etc. PEBA can be used to make textiles as well as breathable film, fresh feeling fibers or non-woven fabrics. PEBA can be used to make textiles as well as breathable film, fresh feeling fibers or non-woven fabrics. Since no chemical additives are required to achieve these properties, products can be recycled at end of life. It is used in various other sports applications such as racquet grommets and golf balls. PEBA is also appreciated by winter sports participants as it enables design of the lightest alpine and Nordic ski boots. Fluor silicone rubber O-ring O-ring seal as main chain structure of semi-inorganic silicone, silicone material to keep it in the heat resistance, cold resistance.

10)Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene:
The applications of Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene (CSM/CSPE/Hypalon) concern the greater part of industry as for instance the automotive, electric, house building, cables, and rolls. pipes for the transport of inorganic aggressive chemical solutions. membranes of waterproofing for roofs, reservoirs, basins. Once mixed and coloured, silicone rubber can be extruded into tubes, strips, solid cord or custom profiles according the size restrictions of the manufacturer. Cord can be joined to make Orings and extruded profiles can be joined to make seals. Silicone rubber can be molded into custom shapes and designs. Manufacturers work to set industry tolerances when extruding, cutting or joining silicone rubber profiles. Becoming more and more common at the consumer level, silicone rubber products can be found in every room of a typical home. From a Butyl rubber is one of the most robust elastomers when subjected to chemical warfare agents and decontamination materials. It is a utomotive applications. It is a harder and less porous material than other elastomers, such as natural rubber or silicone.

 Polyisobutylene (in the form of polyisobutylene succinimide, PIBSI) has interesting properties when used as an additive in lubricating oils and motor fuels. Most golf balls are made of an elastic core of polybutadiene surrounded by a layer of a harder material.

11) Ethylene Vinyl Acetate:

Hot melt adhesives,hot glue sticks, top of the line soccer cleats, are usually made from EVA, usually with additives like and EVA is also used as a clinginess-enhancing additive in wraps. EVA is also used in biomedical engineering applications as a device. The polymer is dissolved in an organic solvent (e.g.,. Powdered drug and filler (typically an inert sugar) are added to the liquid solution and rapidly mixed to obtain a homogeneous mixture. The drug-filler-polymer mixture is then cast into a mold at 80 C and freeze dried until solid. devices are used in drug delivery research to slowly release a compound over time. While the polymer is not within the body, it is quite inert and causes little or no reaction following implantation. . EVA is one of the materials popularly known as expanded rubber or foam rubber. EVA is used as padding in equipment for various sports such as boots, boots, and handles. It is typically used as a shock absorber in for example. It is used for the manufacture of floats for commercial fishing gear such as purse seine and In addition, because of its buoyancy, EVA has made its way into non-traditional products such as floating eyewear.

12)Carbon fiber:
Fishing Goods Fishing Rods, Reels Light in Weight Rigidity Sensitivity Golf Goods Golf Club Shafts, Club Heads, Face Plate Light in Weight Rigidity Sensitivity Rackets Tennis Rackets, Badminton Rackets.

 Weight Rigidity Vibration Stability Marine Yachts, Sail Boats, Cruisers, Athletic Rowing. Boats, Canoes, Sail Masts Light in Weight Rigidity - Others Baseball Bats, Skis. Boats, Canoes, Sail Masts Light in Weight Rigidity - Others Baseball Bats, Skis. Radio-control Cars, Table Tennis, Billiards, Gate-balls Light in Weight Rigidity . EVA has made its way into non-traditional products such as floating eyewear. It is also used in the industry as an encapsulation material for silicon in the manufacture of EVA slippers and sandals are currently very popular because of their properties like light weight, easy to mold, odorless, glossy finish, and cheaper compared to natural rubber. . In fishing rods, it is used to construct handles on the rod-butt end. EVA can be used as a substitute for cork in many applications

13)polywood:
Poly-Wood consists of a durable, plastic product used to make outdoor furniture manufactured with recycled materials. The process uses milk jugs, detergent bottles, and other discarded plastic containers to create sheets of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). These plastic sheets are crafted into furniture, just as sheets of wood would be used. The furniture withstands harsh weather, insect damage, and corrosion because moisture does not penetrate Poly-Wood. The furniture withstands harsh weather, insect damage, and corrosion because moisture does not penetrate Poly-Wood It is not harmed by high humidity and is not prone to rot or mildew. The product does not crack in the sun and endures salt, ice, or snow without damage. . Manufacturers use stainless steel hardware on the furniture to enhance its weather-resistant capabilities.

 Poly-Wood consists of a durable, plastic product used to make outdoor furniture manufactured with recycled materials. It emulsions are (PVAc) copolymers based on vinyl acetate (VAM) internally plastized with vinyl acetate ethylene (VAE).

14)Fiberglass:
Fiberglass is an immensely versatile material which combines its light weight with an inherent strength to provide a weather resistant finish, with a variety of surface textures. The development of fiber reinforced plastic for commercial use was being extensively researched in the 1930s. It was particularly of interest to the aviation industry. Mass production of glass strands was accidentally discovered in 1932 when a researcher at the Owens-Illinois accidentally directed a jet of compressed air at a stream of molten glass and produced fibers. Owens joined up with the Corning company in 1935 and the method was adapted by Owens Corning to produce its patented "Fiberglas" (one "s"). During World War II it was developed as a replacement for the molded plywood used in aircraft radomes (fiberglass being transparent to microwaves). Advanced manufacturing techniques such as pre-prigs and fiber rovings extend the applications and the tensile strength possible with fiber-reinforced plastics. Fiberglass is also used in the telecommunications industry for shrouding the visual appearance of antennas, due to its RF permeability and low signal attenuation properties. It may also be used to shroud the visual appearance of other equipment where no signal permeability is required, such as equipment cabinets and steel support structures. due to the ease with which it can be molded, manufactured and painted to custom designs, to blend in with existing structures or brickwork.

 Other uses include sheet form made electrical insulators and other structural components commonly found in the power industries. 15)Kevlar:
Protection Cryogenics Kevlar is often used in the field of Cryogenics for its low thermal conductivity and high strength relative to other materials for suspension purposes. . Most often used to suspend a paramagnetic salt enclosure from a superconducting magnet mandrel in order to minimize any heat leaks to the paramagnetic material. It is also used a thermal standoff or structural support where low heat leaks are desired. Pieces of Kevlar helmet used to help absorb the blast of a grenade Kevlar is a well-known component of personal armor such as combat helmets, ballistic face masks, and ballistic vests. The PASGT helmet and vest used by United States military forces from the 1980s into 2005 both have Kevlar as a key component, as do their replacements. Other military uses include bulletproof facemasks used by sentries and spall liners used to protect the crews of armored fighting vehicles. Even Nimitz-class aircraft carriers include Kevlar armor around vital spaces. Related civilian applications include Emergency Service's protection gear if it involves high heat (e.g., tackling a fire), and Kevlar body armor such as vests for police officers, security, and SWAT. Personal protection Kevlar is a very popular material for racing canoes. It is used as an inner lining for some bicycle tires to prevent punctures, and due to its excellent heat resistance, is used for fire poi wicks. In table tennis.

 Kevlar is sometimes used as a material on marching snare drums. It allows for an extremely high amount of tension, resulting in a cleaner sound.