Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1
WINGS OF DESIRE CHRONOGRAM
PROJECT 1.2
TWO PERSPECTIVES: GRAFFITI AS ART/VANDALISM
PROJECT 1.2
TWO PERSPECTIVES: GRAFFITI AS ART/VANDALISM
Graffiti as Art
The artists perception of Brick Lane and the area surrounding Spitalfields Market Spitalfields Market Brick Lane
Commercial Street
Graffiti as Art
The artist begins to see the Spitalfields area as a blank canvas. Spitalfields Market Brick Lane
Commercial Street
Graffiti as Art
The artists perception of Brick Lane and the area surrounding Spitalfields Market Brick Lane
Commercial Street
Graffiti as Vandalism
The perception that some people may have of the Spitalfields area and of Brick Lane, where the Graffiti is seen as a form of vandalism. Spitalfields Market
Brick Lane
Commercial Street
Graffiti as Vandalism
Some people may begin a process of wanting to clean up the city by removing the graffiti. Spitalfields Market Brick Lane
Commercial Street
Graffiti as Vandalism
The perception of graffiti as vandalism encourages a city which has the same architectural language where the ability to express yourself becomes more difficult. Spitalfields Market Brick Lane
Commercial Street
Bricks and tiles are beginning to be made in the area Protestants started to migrate to England to escape religious persecution
1500
Approximately 5% of the population of London were Huguenot with about 23,000 in Spitalfields
1700
Bangladeshi population, in Britain, is approximately 275,395. Bangladeshi population in Tower Hamlets is 1971 65,553 The War of Independence in Bangladesh caused the country to become unstable. This encourage more male Bangladeshis to migrate to Britain for work The Huguenots moved into wealthier areas of London making way for new immigrants
2001
1860 - 1880
17th Century
Mid 19th Century Irish immigrants escaping the potato famine moved into the area 1850
The first Bengali Muslims arrive in Britain
Bangladeshis families began to join the male members of the family in Britain which led to a rise in the Bangladeshi community Labour shortages within the UK, coupled with the economic hardship that was facing East Pakistan encouraged Bangladeshi males to move to Britain
Late 1960s
1950s - 1960s
1500
1600
1700
1800
1900
2000
40,000 to 50,000 Huguenots sought refuge in London from France. It is believed that the majority of these settled in London and in particular Spitalfields. These over spilled into Brick Lane. The area became known as weaver town due to the skills that Huguenots brought to the area
1670
Bangladeshi in Spitalfields population, in 1905 Britain, is Aliens Act introduced into Britain to approximately 6,000 1970s stop any immigration into the country Bangladeshi families joining the male family members was at its peak
1961
Bangladeshi population, in Britain, is approximately 162,835 2005 The estimated Bangladeshi population in Tower Hamlets is 63,800
1991
The medieval hospital called The priory of St. Mary of the Spittle, is founded.
The City of London constructed the western extension of the new market. It was opened by Queen Mary in November, 1928 The City of London gained direct control of the market Large numbers of Jews began to settle in the area. Robert Horner, a former market porter, bought a short lease on the market. He also started work on a new market building
Large numbers of Huguenots settled in the area after fleeing religious persecution from other countries. They brought with them their weaving skills Following the Great Fire of London, thousands of people camp on the Spital Fields
1880s 1876
1666
The new Spitalfields development situated at Crispin Place and Bishops Square opens next door to Old Spitalfields Market Ballymore unveiled plans to revitalise the Horner Buildings and enhance the Old Market Ballymore acquired the Old Spitalfields Market from SDG
2005
2002
The site was known as Spittle Field and was used as a grazing area for cattle
1660s
1500
1700
The Huguenots moved into wealthier areas of London making way for new immigrants
1999
1800
2000
The area surrounding Spittle Field was used for residential development.
John Balch, a silk thrower, was granted a Royal Charter by King Charles II. This charter allowed him to host a market on Thursdays and Saturdays in the area of Spital Square
The seventeenth century buildings surrounding the market were demolished. The market itself, was given an iron and glass roof The new market building was completed.
Due to limited space the market was forced to move to a new part of London, Leyton
1991
Edward Metcalfe inherited the site and began a building programme. This included a central market place, a market house and an area for stalls
1684 -1686
1992 2008
Maltese, Irish, Scots, West Indian, Somalian and Bangladeshi communities all settle in the area through out the next century
Focusing on the
use of graffiti
the project began to develop the idea of graffiti as a spatial entity. For this, Kurz Schwitters Merzbau was used as a precedent, where using his own home, Schwitters began to place three-dimensional forms within the exisitng spaces which resulted in new spaces being created. Elements have been taken from Schwitters Merzbau and placed upon both Spitalfields and Brick Lane as a form of spatial graffiti. Continuing this idea of spatial graffiti, the following pages use elements from Spitalfields Market and place them upon Brick Lane and also elements from Brick Lane, upon Spitalfields. brings Spitalfields and Brick Lane together. The last collage,
Brick Lane Signs Brick Lane Lamposts Brick Lane Mosque Truman Brewery
Curry restaurants
Covered Walkways
Security Guards
within this collage. It attempts to portray that the walker is able to view the entire area simply by changing position and moving through the space. It also tries to represent realtime by using images that have been taken on different days and at different times. For example, the collage includes images that were taken when the market played host to a number of stalls selling a number of different items, but other images were taken when the market is empty and it is only a vast space surrounded by the fixed restaurants and shops that live within the market. Whilst the walker can experience these changes, the image that is presented to the viewer of Google Maps is fixed and therefore the viewer is not aware of the changes that are constantly happening in Spitalfields Market.
Collage 1
Collage 5
Collage 3
Collage 2
Collage 4 Collage 2
Collage 4
Spitalfields Market as seen from Google maps are represented within these collages.
Collage 1
It is easy to see how our perception of the area is manipulated and distorted. Google Maps allows us to see the city through the eyes of a camera lens. This camera is situated on top of a car which travels around the city mapping the environment. The car, however, is restricted. Narrow streets, private land and pedestrian streets are just some of the problems faced by the camera.
Collage 3
Collage 5
Collage 1
Collage 2
Collage 1
Collage 2
This image is mapping the camera used within Google maps in order to create the previous collages. At certain points, it is visible that the cameras position in relation to the market changes as the distance between the built environment and the camera varies. Also, the entrances into the market, although approximately the same size, the position of the camera at each differs. At one point the viewer is able to see into the market and through to the opposite entrance whilst at other entrances the position of the camera doesnt allow this and the viewer is only able to see a glimpse of the space that lies within. The white space visible inside Spitalfields Market on the drawing, is the area that the Google Map cameras do not represent. These spaces are not visible to the viewer. Does this therefore imply that the space within the market ceases to exist past the boundaries of the camera used within Google maps?
The Googler
The Walker
presented with a facade of the market, the googler walker is able to enter and experience the market and according to Michel De Certeau
The street geometrically defined by urban planning is transformed into a space by walkers... Here, the digtial meets the real.
The use of camera systems that monitors and tracks vehicles and license plates is announced Arpanet makes the first connection
1997
1969
Metropolitan Police again use temporary cameras in Grosvenor Square. This time to monitor anto-Vietnam War demonstrators Metropolitan Police install two temporary cameras in Trafalgar Square, on two separate occasions, to monitor the crowd
1968
1960
Cameras are installed by British Railway to monitor vandalised tracks near Dagenham
1965
Four underground stations are installed with video surveillance systems The first trans-Atlantic connection is made
1975
The majority of England's major 1987 cities have installed video Local authorities begin to install surveillance systems video surveillance systems at garages The city of Bournemouth installs video surveillance
1996
1985 1985
The internet becomes commercialised Surveillance systems are installed at Cash Points Speed cameras and traffic light cameras and introduced on the
1995
1994
Google latitude is included in Google Maps which allows the user to share their location May Google Maps now includes Street View for 5 major U.S. Cities Google Earth is unveiled
2009 February
1973
The first virtual communities are created Cameras are installed in areas of London that are used for public protests
2007
1984
1992
2005
1960
1961
1970
1971 1974
1980
1990
2000
1996
2010
Four CCTV cameras are installed in Liverpools city centre as part of a police experiment
1964
The business Photoscan sells video surveillance systems to retail outlets in order to deter shoplifters
1967
Permanent cameras are installed in Grosvenor Square, Whitehall and Parliament Square by Metropolitan Police Within England, that are 67 cameras have been installed
1969
1975
MUD The earliest 1989 form of The proposal for the World Wide Web multiplayer 1991 games is First web page and the first webcam created created
1979
1988
Newcastle installs a video surveillance system that is closed-circuit. This allows it to link to the main police station
1992
Three quarters of the crime prevention budget by the government is spent on CCTV
2005
London public transit directions are added to Google Maps
July 2011
Google is created
1998 1998
1969
The IRA bombing of Bishopsgate, London results in the "Ring of Steel" being constructed around the citys financial district
1993
Technology advances have found ways of transferring great amounts of information and data at the click of a button, and the use of live feed cameras through out the city. enabled us to bring new meaning to Google Maps. It has
still image from a camera that was determined by the route of city enabling googlers to view the city through a live feed. together to create one constant image combining the vectors of movement and time.
No longer a
a vehicle, cameras have now been installed through out the The previous still images produced by Google therefore, come
Date and time of live Camera projection Camera projection Camera position Area visible by camera
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are a part of everyday life constantly flying over the city, sending live footage back to the control centre and to police officers. Every police officers uniform includes a camera and microphone. The camera is able to scan the public and is directly sent through a face recognition database in order to ensure the identity of that person.
All police officers are trained in using the UAVs, allowing the to trace any members of the public.
a chip tracks
These cameras also allow Google Maps to create a live feed for its users.
Security Officers are placed through out the cities on privately owned areas.
Privately owned areas of the city are increasing the number of cameras in their sites in order to adhere by the new laws.
Every member of the public must carry an identification All vehicles are card with them at tagged allowing all times. them to be traced and tracked.
driven and is a high density area in terms of cctv and surveillance cameras.
financially
The area surrounding Spitalfields Market compared and to Commercial that of Broadgate
Street,
Street is of a lower density of surveillance cameras but there is still a considerable amount.
The area surrounding Brick Lane, which Bangladeshi consists community of a has strong a
Broadgate Street.
and
Using google maps to move around the site, it is impossible to follow the route of the walker. the googler and to enter
The area explored here by a walker shows how some areas, googler
become visible to the walker. A depth is given to the area that terms of movement, time, sound, touch, smell and also in space. Google Maps cannot express, in
Morals reformed - health preserved - industry invigorated instruction diffused - public burthens lightened - Economy seated, as it were, upon a rock but untied - all by a simple idea in Architecture!
Jeremy Bentham, The Panopticon Writings
Jeremy Bentham was a British Philosopher, who in the year 1785 began to work on a plan for a prison called the Panopticon. The idea is based around The tower is
a single tower within the middle of a circular room, surrounded by prison cells.
designed for the occupants of it to be able to look out and observe the people within the cells, to look into the tower. Therefore, the prisoners however, the prisoners within the cells are unable never know when they are being watched and so the being disruptive or breaking any rules.
...the Panopticon must not be understood as a dream building: it is the diagram of a mechanism of power reduced to its ideal form. Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish, 1977
walker combine to create but The decreased crime rates bring Through technological advances, the move recorded through our own eyes. government is able to watch our every a new meaning to the recorded images of our every day lives. An area unseen by googlers now becomes visible through the eyes of the walker where do these
realities
of
each
a new urban environment, environments exist? In the real or virtual world? whilst one walker may choose to see certain aspects of the built environment another may choose to ignore it blurred. The boundaries have been
can look into the surrounding cells, without being seen. For the occupants of the cells, they can only assume that they are being watched at all times.
So
constrain
it
is
the madman to calm, the workman to work, the school boy to application, the patient to the observation of the regulations.
the
not
convict
necessary
to
to
good
use
behaviour,
force
to
Whilst the architecture used for banks presentes us with a limited transparency it can be can see and perceive what is happening within the banks, yet it is the people inside these tall glass structures that look out onto the city and have access to all of the information. As with the Panopticon, it is an imbalance of power. The architecture implies that we, the public,
Can this power be reversed? Where the inmates are able to see the watchman instead of being watched themselves, can this take place in the role of the banks? within the banks?
through the walker and googler, take the role of the watchman and survey what happens
structures promote the idea that we are are able to see inside. transparency. penetrate the buildings It is a false and
are
the main entrances into the banks, such The glass used here allows the passer-by to see into the large atrium, but this visibility is limited, as other areas of the building remain hidden.
marks
Collage 1 Collage 2
Collage 3
Collage 1
the
Camera Movement Scene 5: Googler. Movement from Google Maps, into Streetview and then into the Blender Model
The blender models used within the film, including the panopticon, the site and the panopticon placed on-site.
The structure visible when all of the cells are in place, in motion and when they are all out across the city.
longer needed, the cells themselves soon start to break down and as they move across the city, they begin to city.
The project will now begin to focus on the role of the cells as they become integrated within the city and also hold the cells.
question. Is there one system which observes and serves the whole of the city? Or, does one panopticon exist within each borough? If focusing on the banks, are there a series of these panopticon Is this structure and the idea of being able to observe restricted to the banks, or can there be another use for this building?
Is the form restricted and are the panopticons found around the city connected with eachother? Can the form
follow the Thames allowing the cells to move both north and south of the river?
Cells that have caused destruction to existing structures have to be adapted and have to fully integrate the
structure that they now sit upon. existing fabric
where they do not come into any direct contact with existing restricted in developing into new programmes such as those cells
Cell Design.
the cells.
Within the panopticon, each cell would be similar in their design although no two will be the same. Once the cells have landed and adapted to their programme, each would be unique.
Exploded Cell
The of components. cells will
be
entangled within the city, these elements can of their new sites and programme.
constructed
of
number
The first site is situated within Brick Lane, next to the Truman Brewery.
Surrounding Buildings
Site 2: Spitalfields
Surrounding Buildings
Surrounding Buildings
The images show the range of prisons from a different number of countries, ranging from the brand new state was seen as the main deterrent. The images include of the art centres to the old prisons where isolation the Eastern State Penitentiary, the Halden Prison in Norway, the justice centre in Leoben, Austria, Kerbokan Prison, Indonesia and also an installation exploring the space within a prison cell.
Caseros was conceived as a paradigm of modern architecture: Architecture was its transformed form followed into its an enemy
function.
surveillance rather than its primary means. Despite its extreme transformation its form remained related to function. What was inverted, however, was for whom from its original impermeable nature to its new porous condition servitude. revealed the inversion in form functioned for. The transformation of its faade architectural
of
Gaspar Libedinsky
Data Moshing
The following images are tests in data moshing, where the underlying data that creates a photgraph has been altered. text has been added, deleted and repeated randomly, which has resulted in glitches becoming visible in the images. images below are the original files. The smaller For each image,
The first design concept for the buildings derives from Data Moshing. The building will play off
If an image can be distorted and manipulated is it possible that a this idea where the structure can be changed.
Together the three buildings will survey the banks. to physically react to this.
what happens within the financial system, the buildings will be able
Depending on
Architecture Moshing II
Whilst the buildings affects of this.
system, people will be able to see and feel the visible but the spaces inside and use of the building will also be affected. Not only will the changes be
react
to
the
financial
Architecture Moshing
Architecture Moshing
In order to begin designing the layout of the school, a number of functions will have to be stationary. and toilets. areas include the entrance, kitchen, reception area These
The areas that will be stationary within the structure of the community centre will be the entrance, toilets
The areas that will be stationary within the prison minimum number of cells will have to be static.
The project will now revert back to the site of the RBS Headquarters where a building known as the Communication Centre will sit. However, using the concept that has been explored in the previous pages, where the cells become embedded within the exisitng fabric of the city, the Communication Centre will act as the hub to these cells. The cells will all contain a social programme and together they will monitor the activity within the financial system. The following pages explore the concept of the cells taking on new socail programmes and embedding themselves in the existing structure of the city.
Programmme
Whilst the building acts as the communication hub for the social programmes that are situated around the city, this building also takes on a social programme itself. The use of the building mirrors the skin and media wall that are found on the exterior of the project, and so not only will it now host a small thaetre to exhibit films but it will also host a digital and media gallery. The building will also host a cafe and bar area which will be able to host both day and evening events.
As the
questions of materials,
structures and fabric start to develop, for example, is it supported underneath or is it hung from the exisiting? The form also begins to penetrate the exisitng RBS building and again raises question where is the correct area to penetrate, for example, in this current form the parasite enters the roof of the entrance. This may require a lot of work and so other areas may need to be explored.
The
of one parasite that feeds through the exisitng RBS building. Whilst one penetrates the entrance atrium of the host building, the second form will continue to feed off the circulation and sit on top of the lower level of the roof, creating a connection with Bishops Square. The first lower form will house a media gallery whilst the second will house a cafe/bar area.
7 1 Entrance to gallery space 2 Moveable walls to allow maximum flexibility for artists 3 Entrance to theatre 4 Small Lecture Theatre (55 Seats) 5 Double height gallery space 6 Media wall with monitors 4 7 Connection to existing circulation 3
2 5
space can also be used for meeting for members of the Digitocracy.
2 1
Circulation
5 The circulation within the building is integral to the idea of the new building acting as a parasite and feeding off certain 8 4 elements of the host building. system that this is most apparent. In order to gain access to the new building, the user must first enter the existing RBS building and use the escalators, which up until now, have not been accessible by the public. to enter the new building. On reaching the first level of the escalators, the use is then able However, in order to gain access to the second area of the parasite, which includes a second smaller gallery, cafe and open shop, the user must first re-enter the host 7 3 building. Climbing the existing stairs, the user is then able to enter this area. As the parasite plugs into the existing circulation of the host 1 Existing escalators of the host building. 2 Entrance to the first area of the parasite. 3 Re-entering the host building by gaining access to the 2 stairs. 4 Re-entering the second area of the parasitic form. 5 The cafe and shop area. 6 Ground floor access to the lifts for disabled users. 7 Access to the first area of the parasite from the lifts. 8 Access to the second parasite from the lifts. building, disabled access can be easily adapted as the existing lifts can be used and allow access to both areas of the parasite. It is within the circulation
Responsive Architecture
The information collected by the new social programmes will be shown to the public through their exterior skin. financial system will be portrayed here. The use of colour and light will be integral as the activity within the
Media Wall
the building, facing Bishops Square was for it to run across the majority of the facade and for it to touch the ground at one point. connection between the media wall and ground creates and supports the idea that the skin of the parasite is beginning to spread across Bishops Square and therefore, the city. Similar to the skin of the parasite, the media wall will be a combined photovoltaic and medua wall, allowing it to become a self sufficient organism.
Media Wall
The media wall will mirror the activity within the finanicial system, through the speed and colour of the light. A faster and brighter wall will indicate a busy period within the system whilst a dimmer and slower change of colour will represent a dip and a quieter period.