Nien Luan Mo

TRNG I HC CN TH
KHOA NNG NGHIP & SINH HC NG DNG

B MN CNG NGH THC PHM
Gio vin hng dn:
Sinh vin thc hin:
Th.s Trn Thanh Trc
Trng Thanh Tng

MSSV: LT08210
Lp: CNTP 34LT
Lp: Cng ngh thc phm 34LT
Cn Th, thng 6 nm 2009
Nin lun K thut thc phm
GVHD: Th.s. Trn Thanh Trc
LI NI U
Theo chng trnh o to ngnh cng ngh thc phm, sinh vin s thc
hin nin lun k thut thc phm. Vic thc hin nin lun nhm gip sinh vin
lm quen vi vic thit k mt thit b ch bin v la chn vt liu thch hp.
ng thi, nin lun ny cn gip sinh vin tng hp c kin thc hc cc
mn c s.
c s hng dn ca c Trn Thanh Trc, em thc hin nin lun k
thut thc phm vi ti:Thit k h thng c c 2 ni dung dch ng
sucrose
Tuy c nhiu c gng trong vic thc hin nin lun, nhng vi kin
thc cn hn ch, quyn nin lun ny vn c nhng thiu st khng mong mun,
rt mong nhn c s ng gp ca qu Thy, C cng nh cc bn trong ngnh
Cng ngh thc phm bn thn rt ra kinh nghim v thnh cng hn trong
nhng ti tip theo.
Cui cng, xin chn thnh cm n cc Thy c trong b mn Cng ngh
thc phm to iu kin cho em thc hin nin lun ny. Em xin cm n s
gip tn tnh ca C Trn Thanh Trc v Thy Nguyn Vn Mi trong sut
thi gian thc hin nin lun cng cc anh ch trong ngnh cng nh cc bn cng
lp.
Xin chn thnh cm n !
Sinh vin thc hin
Trng Thanh Tng
(Email: thanhtung_cntp34lt@yahoo.com)
Trang ii
MC LC
LI NI U ....................................................................................................................ii
MC LC......................................................................................................................... iii
DANH SCH HNH ..........................................................................................................v
DANH SCH BNG ........................................................................................................vi
QUY C K HIU ......................................................................................................vii
PHN 1
1.1.
GII THIU ..................................................................................................1

TNG QUAN V NG SUCROSE .......................................................... 1
1.2. GII THIU S LC V L THUYT C C V THIT B C

C .............................................................................................................................. 1
1.2.1.
Gii thiu chung v c c ..........................................................................1
1.2.2.
Phn loi......................................................................................................2
1.2.3.
Thit b c c ng tun hon trung tm..................................................... 3
PHN 2
2.1.
THIT B CHNH ......................................................................................... 5

CN BNG VT LIU ....................................................................................5
2.1.1.
Lng nc bc hi ca c h thng (hi th ) ..........................................5
2.1.2.
Lng hi th phn b trong tng ni ........................................................ 6
2.1.3.
Tnh nng ca dung dch trong tng ni ................................................6
2.2.
CN BNG NHIT LNG ..........................................................................7
2.2.1.
Xc nh p sut v nhit mi ni........................................................... 7
2.2.2.
Xc nh tng tn tht nhit .............................................................. 8
2.2.3.
Hiu s nhit hu ch thi v nhit si dung dch ............................ 12
2.2.4.
Xc nh nhit dung ring dung dch......................................................... 12
2.2.5.
Lng hi t v lng hi th mi ni....................................................13
2.2.6.
Kim tra li gi thit phn b hi th cc ni........................................15
2.3.
TNH B MT TRUYN NHIT .................................................................15
2.3.1.
Lng nhit do hi t cung cp ............................................................... 15
2.3.2.
H s truyn nhit K ca mi ni............................................................... 16
2.4.
KCH THC BUNG T........................................................................21
2.4.1.
S ng truyn nhit ....................................................................................21
2.4.2.
ng tun hon trung tm...........................................................................22

Trang iii
2.4.3.
ng knh trong bung t......................................................................23
2.5.
KCH THC BUNG BC........................................................................24
2.6.
NG KNH CC NG DN ...................................................................25
2.6.1.
i vi dung dch v nc ngng.............................................................. 25
2.6.2.
i vi hi bo ha ...................................................................................25
2.7.
TNG KT THIT B CHNH .....................................................................26
PHN 3
3.1.
THIT B PH - THIT B NGNG T BAROMET.......................... 27

LNG NC LNH CN THIT NGNG T .............................. 27
3.2. TH TCH KHNG KH V KH KHNG NGNG CN HT RA

KHI BAROMET.......................................................................................................27
3.3.
KCH THC CH YU CA THIT B NGNG T .......................... 28
3.3.1.
ng knh trong....................................................................................... 29
3.3.2.
Kch thc tm ngn..................................................................................29
3.3.3.
Chiu cao thit b ngng t........................................................................30
3.3.4.
Kch thc ng Baromet ............................................................................32
PHN 4
4.1.
TNH C KH.............................................................................................. 34
CHIU DY THIT B..................................................................................34
4.1.1.
Ni 1...........................................................................................................34
4.1.2.
Ni 2...........................................................................................................42
4.2.
V NG .............................................................................................................48
4.3.
H THNG TAI ....................................................................................... 49
4.3.1.
Khi lng vt liu ....................................................................................49
4.3.2.
Khi lng nc ........................................................................................ 51
4.4.
MT BCH .......................................................................................................53
4.4.1.
ni cc ng dn ....................................................................................53
4.4.2.
ni cc b phn ca thit b .................................................................54
PHN 5
S QUY TRNH C C...................................................................55
5.1.
H THNG C C 2 NI XUI CHIU ................................................55
5.2.
THUYT MINH QUY TRNH ......................................................................55
TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................................... 57
Trang iv
DANH SCH HNH
Hnh 1. Cng thc cu to ca sacaroza ..............................................................................1

Hnh 2. S thay i nhit trong qu trnh c c ............................................................ 9
Hnh 3. S khi h thng c c 2 ni..........................................................................13
Hnh 4. S truyn nhit t hi t qua thnh ng n dung dch ......................................16
Hnh 5. S thit b ngng t Baromet ...........................................................................28
Hnh 6. S h thng c c 2 ni xui chiu ................................................................ 55
Trang v
DANH SCH BNG
Bng 1. Nhit v p sut hi ca mi ni .......................................................................8

Bng 2. Tn tht nhit do nng tng cao ..................................................................9
Bng 3. Bng tm tt tn tht nhit do p sut thy tnh..............................................11
Bng 4. Tn tht chung trong h thng c c ..................................................................11
Bng 5: Nhit dung ring ca dung dch ng sucrose ...................................................13
Bng 6. Cc thng s v nng lng .................................................................................14
Bng 7. Lng nhit do hi cung cp................................................................................16
Bng 8. Nhit ti ring q1 pha hi ngng .........................................................................18
Bng 9. H s cp nhit theo nhit si..........................................................................19
Bng 10. Nhit ti ring q2 pha dung dch si..................................................................20
Bng 11. Hiu s nhit hu ch..................................................................................... 21
Bng 12. B mt truyn nhit ............................................................................................ 21
Bng 13. Kch thc bung bc ....................................................................................... 25
Bng 14. Kch thc cc ng dn ...................................................................................... 26
Bng 15. Bng tm tt thit b chnh .................................................................................26
Bng 16. Kch thc c bn ca thit b ngng t Baromet..............................................31
Bng 17. Tng hp chiu dy bung t, bung bc ........................................................ 48
Bng 18. Th tch thp .......................................................................................................50
Bng 19. Th tch y v np thit b ................................................................................51
Bng 20. Th tch nc......................................................................................................52
Bng 21. Chn thp i vi thit b thng ng ................................................................ 53
Bng 22 . Mi ghp bch ni cc b phn ca thit b v ng dn ....................................54
Bng 23. Mi ghp bch gia thn vi y v np ............................................................ 54
Trang vi
QUY C K HIU
n gin trong vic ch thch ti liu, quy c k hiu nh sau:

- [AI x] S tay qu trnh v thit b Cng ngh ha cht, tp 1. Nh xut
bn Khoa hc v K thut
- [AII x] S tay qu trnh v thit b Cng ngh ha cht, tp 2. Nh xut
bn Khoa hc v K thut
- [B x] S tay thit k thit b ha cht v ch bin thc phm a dng,
T.S Phan Vn Thm.
- [C x] Cc qu trnh v thit b trong Cng ngh ha cht v thc phm,
tp 3 Cc qu trnh v thit b truyn nhit, tc gi Phm Xun Ton.
Vi:
x: s trang
S ch cng thc, bng, hay a ch trang web c ghi trong du ( )
Trang vii
PHN 1
GII THIU
1.1. TNG QUAN V NG SUCROSE

Surose l thnh phn quan trng nht ca ma, l sn phm ca cng nghip sn
xut ng, l mt disacarit c cng thc C12H22O11. Trng lng phn t ca
sacaroza l 342,30. Sucrose c cu to t hai ng n l , D-glucose v ,
D-fructose
Hnh 1. Cng thc cu to ca sacaroza
Tinh th ng sucrose trong sut, khng mu, nhit nng chy l 186
188 C. Nu ta a t t n nhit nng chy, ng bin thnh 1 dng st trong
sut. Nu ko di thi gian un hoc un nhit cao, ng s mt nc ri
o
phn hu v bin thnh caramen. ng d ho tan trong nc, khng tan trong
du ho, cloroform, benzen, ancol nht ca dung dch ng tng theo chiu
tng nng v gim theo chiu tng nhit .
Do dung dch ng sucrose khng chu c nhit cao (cht tan d b
bin tnh) nn i hi phi c c nhit thp ng vi p sut cn bng
mt thong thp hay thng gi l p sut chn khng.
Nh vy, s dng h thng c c 2 ni xui chiu c c dung dch
ng sucrose.
1.2. GII THIU S LC V L THUYT C C V THIT B C
C
1.2.1. Gii thiu chung v c c
C c l qu trnh lm tng nng mt cu t no trong dung dch hay
nhiu cu t, bng cch tch mt phn dung mi ra khi dung dch dng hi, cn
dung cht ha tan trong dung dch khng bay hi, do nng ca dung cht s
tng dn ln.
SVTH: Trng Thanh Tng LT08210 Lp CNTP34LT
Trang 1
Qu trnh c c thng c tin hnh trng thi si ngha l p sut hi

ring phn ca dung mi trn b mt dung dch bng p sut lm vic ca thit b.
Qu trnh c c thng c ng dng rng ri trong cng nghip ha cht
thc phm nh c c mui, ng, sa,
Hi ca dung mi c tch ra trong qu trnh c c c gi l hi th,
hi th nhit cao c th dng un nng cho mt thit b khc, nu dng hi
th un nng mt thit b ngoi h thng c c gi l hi ph.
Truyn nhit trong qu trnh c c c th thc hin trc tip hoc gin tip,
khi truyn nhit trc tip thng dng khi l cho tip xc vi dung dch, cn
truyn nhit gin tip thng dng hi bo ha t nng.
Qu trnh c c c th thc hin cc p sut khc nhau, khi lm vic p
sut thng th c th dng thit b h, khi lm vic p sut khc (chn khng
hoc p sut d) th dng thit b kn.
Qu trnh c c c th tin hnh lin tc hay gin on trong thit b mt
ni hoc nhiu ni.
Khi c c mt ni, nu mun s dng hi th t nng li th phi nn
hi th n p sut ca hi t (gi l thit b c bm nhit).
Khi c c nhiu ni th dung dch i t ni n sang ni kia, hi th ca ni
trc lm hi t cho ni sau.
1.2.2. Phn loi
C nhiu cch phn loi khc nhau nhng tng qut li cch phn loi theo c
im cu to c 6 loi c chia lm ba nhm ch yu sau y:
- Nhm 1: Dung dch i lu t nhin.
+ Loi 1: C bung t trong; c th c ng tun hon trong hay ng tun hon
ngoi.
+ Loi 2: C bung t ngoi.
- Nhm 2: Dung dch i lu cng bc (tun hon cng bc)
Trang 2
+ Loi 3: C bung t trong, c ng tun hon ngoi.

+ Loi 4: C bung t ngoi, c ng tun hon ngoi.
- Nhm 3: Dung dch chy thnh mng mng.
+ Loi 5: Mng dung dch chy ngc ln, c th c bung t trong hay
ngoi.
+ Loi 6: Mng dung dch chy xui, c th c bung t trong hay ngoi.
1.2.3. Thit b c c ng tun hon trung tm
1.2.3.1. Cu to: gm
- Phng t.
- ng truyn nhit
- ng tun hon.
1.2.3.2. Nguyn tc hot ng
Dung dch phng t i trong ng cn hi t i vo khong trng pha ngoi
ng. Khi lm vic, dung dch trong ng truyn nhit si to thnh hn hp hi lng c khi lng ring gim i v b y t di ln trn ming ng, cn trong
ng tun hon th tch ca dung dch trn mt n v b mt truyn nhit ln hn
so vi ng truyn nhit, do lng hi to ra trong ng t hn, v vy, khi lng
ring ca hn hp hi lng y ln hn trong ng truyn nhit, s b y
xung di. Kt qu l trong thit b c chuyn ng tun hon t nhin t di
ln trong ng truyn nhit v t trn xung trong ng tun hon.
Tc tun hon cng ln th tc cp nhit ca dung dch cng tng v lm
gim s ng cn trn b mt truyn nhit.
Qu trnh tun hon t nhin ca thit b c tin hnh lin tc cho n khi
nng dung dch t yu cu th m van y tho sn phm ra.
1.2.3.3. u v nhc im
- u im:
+ Thit b cu to n gin, d sa cha v lm sch.
Trang 3
+ H s truyn nhit K kh ln.

+ Kh b ng cn trn b mt gia nhit nn c th dng c c
dung
dch d b bn tt.
+ Dung dch tun han t nhin gip tit kim c nng lng.
- Nhc im: Tc tun hon gim dn theo thi gian v ng tun hon
trung tm cng b un nng.
Trang 4
PHN 2
THIT B CHNH
2.1. CN BNG VT LIU

2.1.1. Lng nc bc hi ca c h thng (hi th )
W
G x
C c
Gc xc
Chn cn bn tnh l 1 gi.

Cn bng vt cht tng qut:
G = Gc + W, kg/h
Vi: G , Gc , W: khi lng dung dch ban u, sn phm cui, tng lng hi
th, kg/h
Theo u : G = 3tn/h = 3000 kg/h
W = 3000- Gc
Cn bng vt cht i vi cu t cht kh:
G.x = Gc.xc
Vi: x , xc : nng cht kh trong dung dch ban u, sn phm cui (% khi
lng)
Ta c: x = 12%= 0,12
xc = 60% = 0,6
0,12.G = 0,6.Gc
Gc =
0,12
0,12
.G =
.3000 = 600 kg/h
0,6
0,6
W = 3000 600 = 2400 kg/h
Trang 5
2.1.2. Lng hi th phn b trong tng ni

Gi W1, W2 ln lt l lng hi th bc ln ni 1 v ni 2 , kg/h
Ta c: W1 + W2 = 2400 kg/h
Gi s lng hi th ca tng ni
W1
1 , sau khi tnh ton thc t ta s tm
W2
c W1 v W2 v so snh vi W1, W2 theo gi thuyt ban u. Nu sai s gia

lng hi th thc t v lng hi th l thuyt < 5% l c.
W1 = W2 =
2400
= 1200 kg/h
2
2.1.3. Tnh nng ca dung dch trong tng ni

W
Gc xc
G1 x1
G x
Ni 1
Ni 2
G1: khi lng dung dch ra khi ni 1 trong 1 gi (kg/h)

x1 : nng ca dung dch khi ra khi ni 1 (% khi lng)
- Nng dung dch ra khi ni 1:
Cn bng vt cht tng qut:
G1 = G W1 = 3000 1200 = 1800 kg/h
Cn bng vt cht i vi cu t cht kh:
G.x = G1.x1
x1 =
G
3000
x =
. 0,12 = 0,2 = 20%
1800
G1
- Nng dung dch ra khi ni 2 (x2):

Nng ca dung dch khi ra khi ni 2 chnh l nng sn phm cui
x2 = xc = 60%
Trang 6
Nng trung bnh ni 1:
x tb1
x x1
12 20
.100
.100 16 %
2
2
Nng trung bnh ni 2:
x tb2
x1 x 2
20 60
.100
.100 40 %
2
2
2.2. CN BNG NHIT LNG

2.2.1. Xc nh p sut v nhit mi ni
+ Chn p sut hi t Ph1 = 2,134 at ng vi nhit hi t Th1 = 1220C
+ p sut trong thit b ngng t Png = 0,134 atm ng vi nhit Tng = 53,34 0C
Hiu s p sut ca c h thng:
P = Ph1 Png = P1 + P2 = 2,134 0,134 = 2 atm
(1)
P1: Hiu s p sut gia hi t i vo ni I v II: P1 = Ph1 - Ph2

P2: Hiu s p sut gia hi t i vo ni II v thp ngng t:
P2 = Ph2 Png
- Gi thit t s gia hiu s p sut ca ni 1 v ni 2 l:
P1
= 2,2
P 2
(2)
T (1) v (2) ta c h phng trnh

P1 + P2 = 2
P1 = 2,2.P2
P1 = 1,375 atm ; P2 = 0,625 atm
Ph2 = 2,134 1,375 = 0,759 atm
Da vo cc d kin trn v [B 39] II -7 ta xc nh c p sut ca
hi t v nhit ca hi th.
Trang 7
Bng 1. Nhit v p sut hi ca mi ni

Loi
Ni 1
Ni 2
Thp ngng t
P (at)
T (0C)
P (at)
T (0C)
Hi t
2.134
122
0,759
91,5
Hi th
0,759
92,5
0,114
53,34
P (at)
T (0C)
0,134
54,34
Nhit hi t ni sau bng nhit hi th ni trc tr i 10C (do tn

tht nhit trn ng ng), cn nhit hi th ca ni cui cng bng nhit
thit b ngng t cng thm 10C
2.2.2. Xc nh tng tn tht nhit
2.2.2.1. Tn tht nhit do nng nng cao ()
c xc nh theo cng thc gn ng ca Tisenc:
T
= 0.f , C - Vi: f =16,2. m
r
[AII 59] (VI.10)
Trong :
0: tn tht nhit p sut thng ( 0 c th c tra t [AII 60], do
c c c tun hon dung dch nn tra theo nng cui v ng vi nhit hi
th).
f: h s hiu chnh v thit b c c thng lm vic p sut khc vi p
sut thng.
r :n nhit ha hi ca dung mi p sut lm vic, ( J/kg ),
[B-39]
Tm: nhit ca dung mi nguyn cht p sut lm vic ( = nhit hi

th) , K
Da vo cc d kin trn v s tay qu trnh v thit b Cng ngh ha cht,
tp 2 ta xc nh c tn tht do nhit nng cao.
Trang 8
Bng 2. Tn tht nhit do nng tng cao
Tht
Ph
Th
0
Tm (K)
lng
(%)
( C)
(C)
(atm)
( C)
(J/kg)
Ni 1
20
92,5
0,30C
2,134
122
2281000
Ni 2
60
54,34
1,5 C
365,5
(0C)
0,285
1,383
0,759
91,5
2237000
327,34
1,099
Vi: Tm = Tht + 273

o tra t ( http://www.sugartech.co.za)
2.2.2.2. Tn tht nhit do p sut thy tnh tng cao,
Hnh 2. S thay i nhit trong qu trnh c c
Trang 9
1 2: Nhit hi t.
3: Nhit si ca dung dch y ng truyn nhit.
4: Nhit si trung bnh ca dung dch.
5 6: Nhit si ca dung dch v ca hi th ngay trn mt thong.
7: Nhit hi th thit b ngng t
p sut hi th dung dch thay i theo chiu su ca dung dch: trn b
mt dung dch th bng p sut hi trong bung bc, cn y th bng p sut
trn b mt cng vi p sut thy tnh ca ct dung dch k t y ng. Trong tnh
ton ta thng tnh theo p sut trung bnh ca dung dch.
Ta c cng thc tnh p sut trung bnh ca dung dch nh sau:
Ptb = P + P , N/m2
P = (h1 +
s =
s
2
h2
).s.g, N/m2
2
[AII 60] (VI.12)
, kg/m3
Vi: P: p sut hi trn b mt dung dch ( = p sut hi th) , N/m2.

P : p sut thy tnh k t mt dung dch n gia ng , N/m2
h1 : chiu cao ca lp dung dch si k t ming trn ng truyn nhit n
mt thong ca dung dch, m
h2 : chiu cao ca dung dch cha trong ng truyn nhit, m
s : khi lng ring ca dung dch khi si, kg/m3
g : gia tc trng trng, g = 9,81 m/s2
Nu bit c p sut thy tnh ta s tnh c p sut trung bnh (Ptb)
tng ni
- Ni 1: Ptb1 = Pht1 + P1 , N/m2
- Ni 2: Ptb2 = Phtt2 + P2 , N/m2
Trang 10
Nhit tn tht do p sut thy tnh cc ni bng hiu s gia nhit

trung bnh (Ttb) v nhit ca dung dch trn mt thong (Tmt).
- Ni 1:
1 = Ttb1 Tmt
- Ni 1:
2 = Ttb2 Tmt
- C 2 ni:
= 1 + 2
Chn chiu cao ca lp dung dch si k t ming trn ng truyn nhit n

mt thong ca dung dch ni 1 v ni 2 bng nhau: h1= 0,5 m
Chiu cao ca dung dch cha trong ng truyn nhit: h2= 1,2 m.
Khi lng ring c tra da vo nng trung bnh v ng vi nhit
hi th t (http://www.rpaulsingh.com/teaching/SpecificHeat1.htm)
Bng 3. Bng tm tt tn tht nhit do p sut thy tnh
xtb
Tmt
Ptb
Ttb
lng
(%)
(0C)
(kg/m3)
(kg/m3)
(N/m2)
(atm)
(0C)
(0C)
(0C)
Ni 1
16
92,78
1086,34
543,17
5861,32
0,84
94,25
1,47
Ni 2
40
55,44
1343,84
671,92
7250,69
0,22
60,28
6,19
7,657
Nhit trung bnh Ttb tra [B 39] (II - 7) da vo p sut trung bnh Ptb.
2.2.2.3. Tn tht nhit do sc cn thy lc trong cc ng dn,
Thng chp nhn tn tht nhit trn cc on ng dn hi th t ni ny
sang ni kia, t ni cui n thit b ngng t l: = 1 1,50C
[AII 67]
Chn 1 = 2 = 10C
2.2.2.4. Tn tht chung trong h thng c c,
Bng 4. Tn tht chung trong h thng c c
Ni
' (0C)
'' (0C)
''' (0C)
(0C)
0,285
1,47
2,755
1,099
6,19
8,289
1,383
7,6567
11,04
Trang 11
Vy tng tn tht chung l:

= (1 + 2) + (1 + 2) + (1 + 2) = 11,04 0C
2.2.3. Hiu s nhit hu ch thi v nhit si dung dch
Hiu s nhit hu ch l hiu s gia nhit ca hi t v nhit si
trung bnh ca dung dch.
2.2.3.1. Nhit si
- Nhit si ca dung dch ni 1:

Ts1 = Tht1 + 1 + 1 = 94,25 0C
- Nhit si ca dung dch ni 2:
Ts2 = Tht2 + 2 + 2 = 61,63 0C
2.2.3.2. Hiu s nhit hu ch ca mi ni
thi = Th Ts , (0C)
[AII 67] (VI.17)
Th: nhit hi t mi ni.

Ts: nhit si ca dung dch trong tng ni.
- i vi ni 1:
thi1 = Th1 Ts1 = 122 94,25 = 27,75 0C
- i vi ni 1:
thi2 = Th2 Ts2 = 92,5 61,63 = 30,870C
Vy tng s nhit hu ch: thi = 27,75 + 30,87 = 58,62 0C
2.2.4. Xc nh nhit dung ring dung dch
Gi tr nhit dung ring ca dung dch ng sucrose c tra da vo nng
dung dch ng vi nhit ca dung dch tng thi im t
(http://www.rpaulsingh.com/teaching/Properties.htm)
Ta c :
T , Ts1 ,Ts2 : nhit dung dch ban u, ra khi ni 1, ra khi ni 2, ( 0C )
Trang 12
x , xtb1 , xtb2: nng dung dch ban u, nng ca dung dch ra khi
ni 1 v ni 2 , ( % ).
Bng 5: Nhit dung ring ca dung dch ng sucrose
Dung dch
x (%)
Ts (0C)
Nhit dung ring (J/kg.)
Vo ni 1
12
105
3922
Ra khi ni 1
20
94,25
3901
Ra khi ni 2
60
61,63
3166
2.2.5. Lng hi t v lng hi th mi ni

Gi thit:
+ Khng ly hi ph (ton b hi th ni 1 lm hi t cho ni 2)
+ Khng c tn tht nhit ra mi trng
+ B qua nhit c c (hay nhit kh nc)
Chn nhit tham chiu l 00C
W1, i1
W2, i2
G, T,
C
D, i
G1, C1,
Ts1
D, Cn1, 1
G2, C2,
Ts2
W1, Cn2, 2
Hnh 3. S khi h thng c c 2 ni
Trang 13
Phng trnh cn bng nng lng:

- Ni 1: D( i Cn11 ) = G1C1Ts1 GCT + W1i1
(a)
- Ni 2: W1( i1 Cn22 ) = G2C2Ts2 G1C1Ts1 + W2i2
(b)
Trong :
D : khi lng hi t cho h thng trong 1 gi, kg/h
W1, W2 : khi lng hi th ni 1, ni 2 trong 1 gi, kg/h
G, G1, G2 : khi lng dung dch ban u, ra khi ni 1, ra khi ni 2 trong
1 gi, kg/h
C, C1, C2 : nhit dung ring dung dch ban u, ra khi ni 1, ra khi ni 2,
J/kg.
T, Ts1, Ts2 : nhit dung dch ban u, ra khi ni 1, ra khi ni 2, 0C
i, i1, i2 : enthalpy hi t vo ni 1, hi th ni 1, hi th ni 2, J/kg
Cn1, Cn2 : nhit dung ring nc ngng ni 1, nc ngng ni 2, J/kg.
1, 2 : nhit nc ngng ni 1, ni 2 ( = nhit hi t ca ni 1 v 2,
nhit hi t ni 2 l nhit hi th ni 1), 0C
Ta c:
W = W1 + W2 = 2400 kg/h
(c)
Bng 6. Cc thng s v nng lng
G,
C,
kg/h
(%)
J/kg.
Nhp liu ()
3000
12
Ra khi ni 1
1800
Ra khi ni 2
600
Tdd ,
0
i,
,
0
Cn, J/kg.
J/kg
3922
105
2248000
20
3901
94,25
2281000
122
4122
60
3166
61,63
2370000
92,5
4192
Ghi ch:
- Cn c tra t (http://www.rpaulsingh.com/teaching/Properties.htm) da
vo nhit hi t.
Trang 14
- i = r do hi t l hi nc bo ha v tra t [B 39] - (II-7) theo nhit

dung dch tng ng.
- Tdd l nhit ca dung dch tng ng, 0C.
Thay cc s liu trong bng 6 vo 2 phng trnh cn bng nng lng (a)
v (b) trn. Gii h phng trnh (a), (b) v (c) ta c:
Lng hi th bc ln ni 1 l:
W1 = 1208 kg/h
Lng hi th bc ln ni 2 l:
W2 = 1192 kg/h
Lng hi th tiu tn chung l:
D = 1260 kg/h
2.2.6. Kim tra li gi thit phn b hi th cc ni

Cng thc so snh:
WL Wn
.100% < 5% th chp nhn
WL
Trong :
WL: lng hi th gi thit hay tnh ton c gi tr ln
Wn: lng hi th gi thit hay tnh ton c gi tr nh
Ni 1:
1208 1200
.100% = 0,66 % < 5%
1208
Ni 2:
1200 1192
.100% = 0,67 % < 5%
1200
Vy gi thit ban u c chp nhn.

2.3. TNH B MT TRUYN NHIT
2.3.1. Lng nhit do hi t cung cp

Q = D.r, W
[B 115]
D : lng hi t cho mi ni, kg/h

r : n nhit ngng t ca hi t mi ni, J/kg
Trang 15
Bng 7. Lng nhit do hi cung cp
Ni
D (kg/h)
Th (0C)
r, (J/kg)
Q, (W)
1260
122
2201070
769763,1
1208
92,5
2281560
770026,5
(Nhit hi t ni 2 l nhit hi th ni 1)
2.3.2. H s truyn nhit K ca mi ni

K=
qtb
, W/m2.
t hi
[B 116] (III.17)
qtb : nhit ti ring trung bnh, W/m2

thi : hiu s nhit hu ch tnh theo l thuyt, 0C
2.3.2.1. Nhit ti ring trung bnh
qtb =
q1 q 2
, W/m2
2
[B 116]
1/r
tbh 1
t1
tw
t2
tw1
tw2
Ts
q
q1
q2
Hnh 4. S truyn nhit t hi t qua thnh ng n dung dch
q: nhit ti ring do dn nhit qua thnh ng t, W/m2

q1: nhit ti ring pha hi ngng t, W/m2
q2: nhit ti ring pha dung dch si, W/m2
tbh: nhit hi nc bo ha dng lm hi t, 0C
Trang 16
Ts: nhit si dung dch, 0C

tw1, tw2: nhit thnh ng t pha hi ngng t, pha dung dch si, 0C
t1 = tbh tw1, 0C
t2 = tw2 Ts, 0C
r: tng nhit tr ca thnh ng t, m2./W
1, 2: h s cp nhit pha hi ngng t, pha dung dch si, W/m2.
Ta c:
q=
1
(tw1 tw2)
r
q1 = 1t1
q2 = 2t2
Theo l thuyt q = q1 = q2
Do cha c cc gi tr hiu s nhit ta phi gi s t1 tnh nhit ti
ring, sau kim tra li bng cch so snh q1 v q2. Nu kt qu so snh nh hn
5% th chp nhn gi thit.
2.3.2.2. Tng nhit tr ca thnh ng t r
r = r1 +
+ r2 , m2./W
[AII 3]
r1: nhit tr trung bnh ca hi nc (c ln du nhn)

r1 = 0,232.10-3 m2./W
[AII 4]
r2: nhit tr trung bnh lp cn bn

r2 = 0,387.10-3 m2./W
: chiu dy thnh ng t, m
: h s dn nhit ca vt liu lm ng t, W/m.
Chn vt liu lm ng truyn nhit bng thp CT3, tra bng [AII 313]
(VII.7) ta c: = 50 W/m.
Trang 17
Chn : = 2,108 mm = 2,108.10-3 m

ng knh ngoi: dng = 101,6 mm = 101,6.10-3 m
ng knh trong: dtr = dng 2. = 97,384.10-3 m

(http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/nominal-wall-thickness-pipe-d_1337.html)
Vy: r = r1 +
+ r2
r = 0,232.10-3 +
2,108.10 3
+ 0,387.10-3 = 0,000661 m2./W
50
2.3.2.3. H s cp nhit 1, 2
a.
1 : h s cp nhit pha hi ngng t, W/m2.
Trng hp ngng hi bo ha tinh khit (khng cha kh khng ngng)

trn b mt ng, h s cp nhit c tnh theo cng thc:
1 2,04 4
r
, W/m2.
t 1.H
[AII 28] (V.101)
A : h s ph thuc nhit mng Tm
[AII 28] (V.101)
Tm = 0,5 (tbh + tw1)

tw1 : nhit b mt ng t pha hi ngng t, 0C
tbh : nhit hi bo ha dng lm hi t ( nhit hi t), 0C
t1 = tbh tw1
H : chiu cao ng, m
Bng 8. Nhit ti ring q1 pha hi ngng
Ni
tbh,
0
Ts , 0C
t1,
0
tw1,
0
T m,
0
r,
A
122
94,25
2,2
119,8 120,9
92,5
61,63
2,4
90,1
90,8
J/kg
189,045
174,4
1,
W/m2.
q1,
W/m2
2201000 11653,31
25637,29
2279000
25466,89
10611,2
t1 t chn, sau kim tra li vi thc t, nu t l sai s < 5% th chp

nhn. r= i, tra theo nhit hi t t [AII 39] (II - 7)
Trang 18
b.
2 : h s cp nhit pha dung dch si, W/m2.
Trng hp dung dch (dung mi l nc) si v tun hon mnh lit trong
ng th h s cp nhit c tnh theo h s cp nhit ca nc n theo cng thc:
2 n dd
n
Trong :
0 , 565

dd
n
C dd
Cn
dd
0 , 435
[AII 71] (VI.27)
Ch s dd biu th cho dung dch, ch s n biu th cho nc

: h s dn nhit, W/m.
: khi lng ring, kg/m3
C: nhit dung ring, J/kg.
: nht ng lc, m.Pas
H s cp nhit ca nc khi si si bt, i lu t nhin, p sut 0,2 100

atm c tnh theo cng thc:
n 45,3( t 2 ) 2,33 p 0,5 , W/m2.
[B 44]
t2 = tw2 tdds , 0C
p: p sut tuyt i trn mt thong (= p sut hi th), atm
H s dn nhit ca dung dch dd c tnh theo cng thc:
dd = (326,775 + 1,0412T 0,00331T2).(0,796 + 0,009346. %H2O).10-3
T: nhit si dung dch, K
Do qw = q1 tw = tw1 - tw2 = qw.r = q1.r
T tw ta suy ra c t2 v tnh c n:
Bng 9. H s cp nhit theo nhit si
Ni
P, atm
tw, 0C
tw2, 0C
t2, 0C
n, W/m2.
0,759
16,95
102,85
8,6
5936,9
0,114
16,84
73,26
11,63
5527,35
Trang 19
T n ta tnh c 2:
Bng 10. Nhit ti ring q2 pha dung dch si
C,
W/m.
kg/m3
J/kg.
m.Pas
Ni
dd
0,2110
1086,334
3910
0,451
Nc
0,6410
964,099
4229
0,320
Ni
dd
0,2441
1343,84
3370
1,930
Nc
0,5410
983,716
4192
0,457
q2,
So snh
W/m .
W/m2
vi q1
2925,35
25156,95
1,87 %
2125,81
24728,065
2,09 %
2,
2
Ta tnh c h s truyn nhit K v kim tra li hiu s nhit hu ch

2.3.2.4. Hiu s hu ch thc t ca mi ni
t *hi
Q i t ti
.
K i n Qi
i K
i
Kim tra h s hu ch l thuyt v thc t, nu t l kim tra sai s nh hn

5% th chp nhn.
t hi(lon) t hi(nho)
t hi(lon)
.100% 5% Chp nhn
t hi(lon) : Hiu s hiu ch c gi tr ln.

t hi(nho) : Hiu s hiu ch c gi tr nh.
Nu sai s > 5% th phi gi thit li phn phi hiu s p sut gia cc ni
v tnh li t u.
Trang 20
Bng 11. Hiu s nhit hu ch
qtb,
Ni
W/m2
K,
Q,
W/m2.
thi,
0
t *hi ,
so snh vi
Q/K
0
thi
25397,12
27,75
915,21
770350
841,718
27,68
0,24 %
25097,48
30,87
813,01
764731
940,622
30,94
0,21 %
1782,341
58,62
Tng
58,62
Vy iu kin b mt truyn nhit 2 ni bng nhau c tha mn

Bng 12. B mt truyn nhit
Ni
Q, W
K, W/m2.
thi tnh, 0C
F, m2
F+10%.F, m2
770350
915,21
27,68
30,40
33,45
764731
813,01
30,94
30,40
33,45
2.4. KCH THC BUNG T

2.4.1. S ng truyn nhit
F
, ng
.d.l
F: b mt truyn nhit, m2 ( F = 33,45 m2)

d: ng knh ng truyn nhit, m, y 1>2 nn chn ng knh trong
(dtr = 97,384 mm = 97,384.10-3 m)
l: chiu di ng truyn nhit, m (l = h2 = 1,2 m)
F
33,45
91 ng
.d.l . 97,384. 10 3. 1,2
Tra chun: 91 ng
Vy chn b tr ng theo hnh lc gic u, xp y cc hnh vin phn.
Trang 21
2.4.2. ng tun hon trung tm

2.4.2.1. ng knh ng tun hon
D th
4f th
,m
fth : tit din ngang ng tun hon (khong 15 20% tng tit din ngang
cc ng truyn nhit) , m2
[AII 75]
Chn fth = 15% tng tit din ngang cc ng truyn nhit

f th 0,15. n.
d 2ng
4
, m2
dng: ng knh ngoi ng truyn nhit, m

dng = 101,6 mm = 101,6.10-3 m
D th
4f th
0,15. n . d 2ng 0,15 . 91 . (101,6.10 3 ) 2 0,375 m
Chn Dth = 0,4 m

Chn vt liu lm ng tun hon l thp CT3, chiu dy 4mm
2.4.2.2. S ng truyn nhit danh ngha
L s ng nm trong lng ng tun hon trung tm.
tnh s ng truyn nhit danh ngha ta xem ng knh ng tun hon l
ng knh trong ca 1 thit b trao i nhit, khi :
Dth = t(b 1) + 4.dng, m
[AII 49] (V.140)
t: bc ng, m. Thng chn t = 1,2 1,5.dng

dng: ng knh ngoi ng truyn nhit, m
Chn t = 1,3dng = 1,3.101,6.10-3 = 0,1321 m
b: s ng trn ng cho ca hnh lc gic u
b
D th 4d ng
t
0,4 4.101,6.10 3
1 0,95
0,1321
Trang 22
Tra chun:
b = 3, ng vi s ng truyn nhit danh ngha l 7 ng
[AII 48] (V.11)
S ng cn li: n = 91 7 = 84 ng
S ng ny vn m bo b mt truyn nhit, vy ta lp t 84 ng.
* B mt truyn nhit thc t:
Ftt .n ' .d ng .l .1.D th .l , m2
n: l s ng truyn nhit cn li do lp ng tun hon.

l: Chiu di ng truyn nhit v ng tun hon, m.
Ftt = 3,14.84.101,6.10-3.1,2 + 3,14.1.0,4.1,2 = 33,66 m2

* Kim tra b mt truyn nhit
Ftt Flt
.100% 5% , chp nhn
F tt
Nu > 5% th phi xc nh li.

- Ftt: l b mt truyn nhit thc t (gm ng tun hon)
- Flt: l b mt truyn nhit l thuyt (cha k ng tun hon).
33,66 33,45
.100% 0,65% < 5% Chp nhn.
33,6
2.4.3. ng knh trong bung t

B tr ng theo hnh lc gic u, ng knh trong bung t c tnh
theo cng thc:
D t
0,4 2sin60 0 F.d ng

.l
D th 2. ng , m
2
[AII 74] (VI.40)
= t/dng, vi t l bc ng. Do trn chn t = 1,3.dng = 1,3

dng: ng knh ngoi ng truyn nhit, dng = 101,6 mm = 101,6.10-3 m
: h s s dng li ng, thng = 0,7 0,9 Chn = 0,8
Trang 23
l: chiu di ng truyn nhit, l = 1,2 m

2
0,4.1,3 sin60 0.33,45.101,6.10 3
D t
0,4 2.1,3.101,6.10 3 1,59 m
0,8.1,2
2
Chn Dt = 1,6 m
Vy ng knh bung t 2 ni l 1,6 m c b dy 4 mm.
2.5. KCH THC BUNG BC
ng knh bung bc:
D bb
4Vkgh
.H kgh
,m
[AII 72] (VI.35)
Vkgh: th tch khng gian hi, m3
Vkgh
W
, m3
h .U tt
[AII 71] (VI.32)
W: lng hi th bc ln trong thit b, kg/h

Utt: cng bc hi th tch cho php ca khong khng gian hi (th tch
hi nc bc hi trn 1 n v th tch ca khong khng gian hi trong 1 n v
thi gian), m3/m3.h
p sut thng Utt = 16001700 m3/m3.h , p sut hi th c nh hng
ng k n Utt. Tuy nhin khng c s liu hiu chnh p sut nh hn 1 atm
nn c th chn Utt = 1600 m3/m3.h
h: khi lng ring ca hi th, kg/m3
Hkgh: chiu cao khng gian hi, m
H kgh
4Vkgh
.D 2bb
,m
[AII 72] (VI.34)
Ta s chn Dbb, sau tnh Hkgh. Thng ng knh bung bc ln hn

ng knh bung t khng qu 0,6m.
Chn Dbb = Dt + 0,4 = 1,6 + 0,2 = 1,8 m
Trang 24
Bng 13. Kch thc bung bc
Ni
Nhit
hi th,
0
p sut
hi th,
h ,
kg/m3
Utt ,
m /m3.h
kg/h
W,
V,
3
Dbb,
m
Hkgh,
m
atm
92,5
0,759
0,463
1600
1208
1,63
1,8
0,641
54,34
0,144
0,095
1600
1192
7,84
1,8
3,083
Do dung dch chim h1 = 0,5 m chiu cao bung bc nn tng chiu cao ti
thiu bung bc l:
Hbb = Hkgh + h1 = 3,083 + 0,5 = 3,583 m
Do chn tng chiu cao bung bc 2 ni u l 4 m, chiu dy 4mm.
Vy ta c:
Dbb = 1,8 m ;
Hbb = 4m
2.6. NG KNH CC NG DN
ng knh trong cc ng dn v ca ra vo thit b c xc nh theo cng thc:
VS
, m
0,785.
[AII 74] (VI.42)
VS: lu lng kh (hi) hoc dung dch chy trong ng, m3/s
: tc thch hp ca (hi) hoc dung dch chy trong ng, m/s
2.6.1. i vi dung dch v nc ngng
VS =
G 3
, m /s
G: khi lung dung dch, nc ngng i trong ng, kg/s

: khi lng ring dung dch, nc ngng nhit tng ng, kg/m3
trong khong 0,51 m/s
2.6.2. i vi hi bo ha
VS = G.v, m3/s
G: khi lng hi i trong ng, kg/s
v: th tch ring ca hi nhit tng ng, m3/kg
trong khong 2040 m/s
Trang 25
Bng 14. Kch thc cc ng dn
ng nhp liu
VS,
m3/s
,
m/s
d,
m
d chun, mm
B
dy,
mm
1029,335
0,000810
0,5
0,0454
48,26
3,683
G,
kg/h
dd,
kg/m3
3000
v"hi,
m3/kg
ng tho
Ni 1
1800
1061,018
0,000471
0,5
0,0347
42,164
3,556
sn phm
Ni 2
600
1222,384
0,000136
0,5
0,0186
21,336
2,7686
ng dn hi t
1260
0,854
0,298900
20
0,1380
141,3002
6,5532
ng dn
Ni 1
1208
2,251
0,755336
20
0,2193
273,05
9,271
hi th
Ni 2
1192
11,471 3,798176
25
0,4399
457,2
9,525
ng
nc
Ni 1
1260
941,638
0,000372
0,5
0,0308 57,6257,62
3,3782
Ngng
Ni 2
1208,000
965,322
0,000348
0,5
0,0298
3,3782
33,401
(http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/nominal-wall-thickness-pipe-d_1337.html)
2.7. TNG KT THIT B CHNH
Bng 15. Bng tm tt thit b chnh
THNG S
NI 1
NI 2
94,25
61,63
122
92,5
770350
764731,11
1260
1208
H s cp nhit khi ngng t (W/m2.)
11653,31
10611,2
H s cp nhit (W/m2.)
2925,35
2125,81
H s truyn nhit K
918,43
815,79
B mt truyn nhit F (m2)
33,45
33,45
S ng truyn nhit (ng)
91
91
Chiu cao ng truyn nhit (m)
1,2
1,2
Chiu dy thnh ng (mm)
101,6
97,38
ng knh bung t (mm)
1600
1600
ng knh bung bc (mm)
1800
1800
Chiu cao bung bc (mm)
4000
4000
Nhit si ca dung dch p sut lm vic ( C)

0
Nhit hi t ( C)
Nhit lng tiu tn cho qu trnh Q (W)
Lng hi t cn thit (kg/h)
Trang 26
PHN 3
THIT B PH - THIT B NGNG T

BAROMET
3.1. LNG NC LNH CN THIT NGNG T
Gn
W i C n t 2c
, kg/s
C n t 2c t 2
[AII 84] (VI.51)
Gn: lng nc lnh cn thit ngng t, kg/s

W: lng hi ngng t i vo thit b ngng t, kg/s
i: hm nhit ca hi ngng, J/kg
t2, t2c: nhit u v cui ca nc lnh, 0C
Cn: nhit dung ring trung bnh ca nc, J/kg.
y W = W2 = 1192 kg/h =
1192
kg/s = 0,331 kg/s
3600
Chn t2 = 300C, t2c = 400C , nhit trung bnh = (30+40)/2= 350C
Cn(350C) = 4180 J/kg.

i (53,340C) = 2372000 J/kg
Gn
0,331.2372 4180.40
17,46 kg/s
4180.40 30
3.2. TH TCH KHNG KH V KH KHNG NGNG CN HT RA

KHI BAROMET
Vk =
M:
Gk
Gk
, m3/s , Vi k = 1,25 kg/m3
k
[B 122]
= 25.10-6(W + Gn) + 0,01W
Gk = 25.10-6.(0,331 + 17,46) + 0,01.0,331 = 3,76.10-3 kg/s

Vk =
Gk
3,76.10 3
= 0,003 m3/s
1,25
Trang 27
3.3. KCH THC CH YU CA THIT B NGNG T
Hnh 5. S thit b ngng t Baromet
1- ca vo nc lnh
4- ca hi vo
2- ng thng vi thit b thu hi
5- ng Baromet
3- tm ngn
Trang 28
3.3.1. ng knh trong
D ba 1,383
W
,m
h . h
[AII 84] (VI.52)
W: lng hi ngng t, W = 0,331 kg/s

h: khi lng ring ca hi ngng t 53,340C: h = 0,1043 kg/m3
h: tc ca hi i trong thit b ngng t, m/s . Nu thit b ngng t lm
vic vi p sut khong 0,1 0,2 at chn h trong khong 55 35 m/s, nu t 0,2
0,4 chn 35 15 m/s.
y p sut lm vic ca thit b ngng t l 0,134 atm nn ta chn h =
40 m/s
D ba 1,383
W
0,331
1,383.
0,39 m
h . h
0,1043.40
Da vo dy ng knh chun ca thit b ngng t [AII 88] (VI.8)

Chn: Dba = 0,5 m = 500 mm
3.3.2. Kch thc tm ngn
- Tm ngn c dng hnh vin phn, m bo lm vic tt, chiu rng
tm ngn b c th c xc nh nh sau:
D ba
50 , mm
2
[AII 85] (VI.53)
Dba: ng knh trong thit b ngng t, Dba = 500 mm

b
D ba
500
50
50 300 mm
2
2
- Trn tm ngn c c nhiu l nh: Nu nc lm ngui l nc sch nn

ly ng knh cc l bng 2 mm, nu nc bn l 5mm.
Chn ng knh l 2 mm
- Tng din tch b mt ca cc l trong ton b mt ct ngang ca thit b
ngng t, ngha l trn 1 cp tm ngn l:
Trang 29
Gn
, m2
c
[AII 85] (VI.54)
Vi: Gn: lu lng nc, m3/s

nhit trung bnh 350C, khi lng ring ca nc l 994 kg/m3
Gn = 17,46 kg/s =
17,46 3
m /s
994
c: tc ca tia nc, m/s . Tc tia nc khi chiu cao g ca

tm ngn l 40 mm th c = 0,62 m/s
[AII 85]
y ta chn c = 0,62 m/s

f
Gn
17,46
0,028 m2
c 994.0,62
- Chn chiu dy tm ngn = 4 mm
[AII 85]
- Cc l xp theo hnh lc gic u, bc ca cc l c xc nh theo

1/2
f
cng thc: t 0,866d e , mm
f tb
[AII 85] (VI.55)
d: ng knh ca l, d = 2 mm ( chn trn)
fe
: t s gia tng din tch tit din cc l vi din tch tit din ca thit
f tb
b ngng t, thng ly 0,025 0,1.
y ta chn
fe
= 0,03
f tb
1/2
f
t 0,866d e
f tb
0,866.5.0,03
1/ 2
0,75 mm
3.3.3. Chiu cao thit b ngng t

Mc un nng c xc nh theo cng thc:
t 2c t 2
40 30
0,428
t bh t 2 53,34 30
[AII 85] (VI.56)

Trang 30
Da vo mc un nng vi ng knh l 2 mm, tra bng [AII 86] (VI.7) ta c:

- S ngn: 6
- S bc: 3
- Khong cch trung bnh gia cc ngn: 300 mm
Tra bng [AII 88] (VI.8) vi ng knh trong Dba = 500 mm ta c
nhng kch thc c bn ca thit b ngng t Baromet nh sau:
Bng 16. Kch thc c bn ca thit b ngng t Baromet
Cc thnh phn ca thit b ngng t
Kch thc
Chiu dy thnh thit b
S = 5 mm
Khong cch t ngn trn cng n np thit b
a = 1300 mm
Khong cch t ngn di cng n y
P = 1200 mm
B rng ca tm ngn
b = 300 mm
Khong cch gia tm thit b ngng t vi thit b thu hi
K1 = 675 mm
Chiu cao ca h thng thit b
H = 4300 mm
Chiu rng ca h thng thit b
T = 1300 mm
ng knh thit b thu hi
D1 = 400 mm
Chiu cao thit b hu hi
h = 1440 mm
ng knh cc ca ra v vo:
Hi vo
d1 = 300 mm
Nc vo
d2 = 100 mm
Hn hp kh v hi ra
d3 = 80 mm
Ni vi ng Baromet
d4 = 125 mm
Hn hp kh v hi vo thit b thu hi
d5 = 80 mm
Hn hp kh v hi ra khi thit b thu hi
d6 = 50 mm
Ni t thit b thu hi n ng Baromet
d7 = 50 mm
Trang 31
3.3.4. Kch thc ng Baromet

3.3.4.1. ng knh trong
d ba
0,004G n W
,m
.
[AII 86] (VI.57)
W: lng hi ngng, W = 0,331 kg/s ( tnh trn)

Gn: lng nc lnh ti vo thp, Gn = 17,46 kg/s ( tnh trn)
: tc ca hn hp nc v cht lng ngng chy trong ng baromet,
m/s; thng ly 0,5 0,6 m/s. Ta chn = 0,5 m/s
d ba
0,004G n W
0,00417,46 0,371
0,11 m = 110mm
.
.0,5
Chn ng knh chun ca ng baromet l 110,84 mm v chiu dy l

2,108 mm (http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/asme-steel-pipes-sizes-d_42.html)
3.3.4.2. Chiu cao ng Baromet
H = h1 + h2 + 0,5
(1)
Trong :
h1: chiu cao ct nc trong ng Baromet cn bng vi hiu s p sut
trong thit b ngng t v kh quyn.
h2: chiu cao ct nc trong ng Baromet cn thit khc phc tr lc khi
nc chy trong ng (m)
P
h1 =10,33 0 ,(m)
760
[AII 86] (VI.59)
Vi: P0: chn khng trong thit b ngng t, mmHg; P0 =(1- Png).760,
(mmHg)
P0 =(1 0,134 ).760 = 658,16 (mmHg)
658,16
P
h1 =10,33 0 = 10,33
= 8,95 (m)
760
760
Trang 32
2
H
h2 = 1 .
, (m)
.
D ba
2.g
Vi:
(2)
[AII 87] (VI.60)
: h s ma st ( = 0,02 0,035) (chn = 0,025)

= 1 + 2 : tng tr lc cc b
1 : h s tr lc khi vo ng ( chn 1 = 0,5)
2 : h s tr lc khi ra ng (chn 2 = 1)
: tc ca nc lnh v nc ngng chy trong thit b ( 0,5 0,6
m/s) ( chn = 0,5)

Gii h phng trnh (1) v (2) ta c: H = 9,01 (m)
Vy ngn nga nc dng ln trong ng v chy vo ng dn hi th khi
chn khng tng cao ngay c trong trng hp mc nc l 10,33 m chn:
Hba =11 m
Chn vt liu lm ng l thp CT3
Trang 33
PHN 4
TNH C KH
4.1. CHIU DY THIT B

4.1.1. Ni 1
4.1.1.1. Bung t
a. Chiu dy ca thn hnh tr hn lm vic chu p sut trong
Chiu dy ca thn hnh tr hn lm vic chu p sut trong c xc nh
theo cng thc:
Khi
D t .p
C, m
2 p
[AII 360] (XIII.8)
50 c th b qua p mu s
p
Dt: ng knh trong bung t, Dt = 1,6 m

: h s bn ca thnh hnh tr theo phng dc, tra bng [AII 362] (XIII.8) ta c = h = 0,95
C: s b sung do n mn, bo mn v dung sai v chiu dy, m
C = C1 + C2 + C3
C1: s b sung do n mn, i vi vt liu bn (0,050,1 mm/nm) ly C 1 =
1 mm
C2: s b sung do hao mn, khi tnh ton thit b ha cht c th b qua C2
C3: s b sung do dung sai ca chiu dy, ph thuc vo chiu dy tm vt
liu, chn C3 = 0,6 mm
[AII 364] - (XIII.9)
C = C1 + C2 + C3 = 1 + 0 + 0,6 = 1,6 mm
p: p sut trong thit b, N/m2
- Mi trng lm vic l hn hp hi lng, p sut c tnh nh sau:
p = pmt + p1, N/m2
[AII 360] (XIII.10)
pmt: p sut ca hi trong thit b, N/m2

Trang 34
pmt = 2,314 atm = 2,314.9,81.104 N/m2 = 209345,4 N/m2

p1: p sut thy tnh ca ct cht lng, c tnh theo cng thc:
p1 = g.1.H1, N/m2
1: khi lng ring cht lng ( 1220C), 1 = 941,638 ( kg/m3 )
H1: chiu cao ln nht ca ct nc ngng, chn H1 = 1,2 m
g: gia tc trng trng, g = 9,81 m/s2
p1 = g.1.H1 = 9,81. 941,638.1,2 = 11084,96 N/m2
p = pmt + p1 = 209345,4 + 11084,96 = 220430,36 N/m2
* Tnh ng sut cho php [] :
Chn vt liu thit k l thp CT3 th ng sut cho php ca thp CT3 theo
gii hn bn. Ly gi tr nh nht t cc cng thc sau:
nk
nc
, N/m2
[AII 355] (XIII.1)
, N/m2
Trong :
[k], [c]: ng sut cho php khi ko, khi chy, N/m2
: h s iu chnh
nk, nc: h s an ton theo gii hn bn khi ko v theo gii hn chy
k, c: gii hn bn khi ko, gii hn chy, N/m2
Tra bng [AII 356] (XIII.2) ta c = 0,9
Tra bng [AII 356] (XIII.3) ta c nk = 3,5; nc = 2,0
Tra bng [AII 356] (XIII.4) ta c:
k = 380.106 N/m2 ; c = 240.106 N/m2
Trang 35
380.10 6
k
.0,9 97,71.106 N/m2
nk
3,5
240.10 6
c
.0,9 108.106 N/m2
nc
2,0
Chn s nh th vo
97,71.10 6
.0,95 = 421, 1 > 50 nn b qua p
220430,36
mu.
S
Dt p
1,6.220430,363
C
1,6.10 6 3,5.10-3 m = 3,5 mm
6
2
2.97,71.10 .0,95
Chn S = 4 mm
* Kim tra ng sut theo p sut th:
D S C p
2S C
t
[AII 365] (XIII.26)
c
,
1,2
N/m2
p sut th tnh ton p0 c xc nh theo cng thc:

p0 = pth + p1, N/m2
pth: p sut th thy lc, N/m2
Tra bng [AII 365] (XIII.5)ta c:
pth = 1,5.pmt = 1,5.209345,4 = 330645,54 N/m2
p1: p sut th thy tnh ca ct cht lng, p1 = 11084,96 N/m2
p0 = pth + p1 = 330645,54 + 11084,96 = 341730,51 N/m2
D S C p
2S C
t
1,6 4 1,6.10 .341730,51 139377562,1

3
2.4 1,6 10 3.0,95
240.10 6
200.10 6
1,2
1,2
Ta thy:
c
1,2
Vy S = 4 mm l t yu cu
Trang 36
b. y bung t
y hnh elip c g, lm vic chu p sut trong, bng thp CT3
hB h
Dt
Chiu dy y c tnh theo cng thc:

S
Khi
Dt p
D
. t C, m
3,8 k k . h p 2hb
k k .
p
[AII 385] (XIII.47)
30 c th b qua i lng p mu s

p: p sut trong bung t, p = 220430,36 N/m2
hb: chiu cao phn li ca y, tra bng [AII 382] (XIII.10) ng vi Dt =
1,6 m c hb = 0,4 m (hay hb = 0,25.Dt = 0,4m)
k: h s khng th nguyn, k 1
d
Dt
d: ng knh ca l ln nht trn y, ca ra sn phm, chn d = 0,15m

k 1
d
0,15
1
0,906
Dt
1,6
h : h s bn, h = 0,95
[k]: ng sut cho php, tnh tung t nh trng hp thnh bung t
[k] = 97,71.106 N/m2
C: s b sung, tnh tng t, C = 1,6.10-3 m, c tng thm sau khi tnh th S
Trang 37
Thm 2 mm khi S C 10 mm
Thm 1 mm khi 20 mm > S C > 10 mm
k .
k
97,71.10 6
.0,906.0,95 = 381,64 > 30 nn b qua p mu s.
220430,363
Dtp
D
1,6.220430,363
1,6
. t C
.
1,6.10 6
6
3,8 k k. h 2h b
3,8.97,71.10 .0,906.0,95 2.0,4
S =1,95 mm
S C = (1,95 1,6) = 0,35 mm < 10 mm
Vy thm 2 mm vo C, khi S = 1,95 + 2 = 3,95 mm
Chn S = 4 mm
2h b S C p 0 c
, N/m2
7,6k. h .h b S C 1,2
2
t
[AII 385] (XIII.49)
Vi p sut th: p0 = 341730,51 N/m2

1,6
2.0,44 1,6 10 3 341730,51

139377562,1 c 200.10 6
3
7,6.0,906.0,95.0,44 1,6 10
1,2
2
4.1.1.2. Bung bc
Chiu dy ca thn hnh tr hn lm vic chu p sut trong c xc nh
theo cng thc:
D t .p
C, m
2 p
[AII
360]
(XIII.8)
Khi
p
Trang 38
Dt: ng knh trong bung bc, Dt = 1,8 m

: h s bn ca thnh hnh tr theo phng dc, tra bng [AII 362] (XIII.8) ta c = h = 0,95
C: s b sung tnh tng t nh trn, ta c C = 1,6 mm
p: p sut trong thit b, N/m2
- Mi trng lm vic l hn hp hi lng, p sut c tnh nh sau:
p = pmt + p1, N/m2
[AII 360] (XIII.10)

pmt = 0,759 atm = 0,759.9,81.104 N/m2 = 74457,9 N/m2
p1 = g.1.H1, N/m2
1: khi lng ring cht lng ( 92,50C), 1 = 965,322 ( kg/m3 )
p1 = g.1.H1 = 9,81.965,322.0,5 = 4734,9 N/m2
p = pmt + p1 = 74457,9 + 4734,9 = 79192,804 N/m2
* Tnh ng sut cho php [] :
Chn vt liu thit k l thp CT3 th ng sut cho php ca thp CT3 theo
gii hn bn. Tnh tng t nh trn.
Chn s nh th vo
97,71.10 6
.0,95 = 1172,2 > 50 nn b qua p
79192,804
mu.
S
Dt p
1,8.79192,804
C
1,6.10 6 2,37.10-3 m = 2,37 mm
6
2
2.97,71.10 .0,95
Chn S = 3 mm
Trang 39
D S Cp
2S C
[AII 365] (XIII.26)
c
, N/m2
1,2

p0 = pth + p1, N/m2
pth = 1,5.pmt = 1,5.4734,9 = 118789,21 N/m2
p0 = pth + p1 = 118789,21 + 4734,9 = 123524,11 N/m2
c
1,2
D S C p
2S C
1,8 3 1,6.10 .123524,11 83652756,99

3
2.3 1,6 10 3.0,95
240.10 6
200.10 6
1,2
Ta thy:
c
1,2
b. y bung bc
hB h
Dt
Trang 40

S
Khi
Dt p
D
. t C, m
3,8 k k . h p 2hb
k k .
p
[AII 385] (XIII.47)

1,8 m c hb = 0,45 m (hay hb = 0,25.Dt = 0,46)
d
Dt

k 1
d
0,1
1
0,944
Dt
1,8
h : h s bn, h = 0,95
[k] = 97,71.106 N/m2
k .
k
97,71.10 6
.0,944.0,95 = 1107,06 > 30 nn b qua p mu s.
79192,804
Dtp
D
1,8.79192,804
1,8
. t C
.
1,6.10 6
6
3,8 k k. h 2h b
3,8.97,71.10 .0,944.0,95 2.0,45
S =1,77 mm
S C = (1,77 1,6) = 0,17 mm < 10 mm
Trang 41

Chn S = 4 mm
2h b S C p 0 c
, N/m2
7,6k. h .h b S C 1,2
2
t
[AII 385] (XIII.49)
Vi p sut th: p0 = 123524,11 N/m2

1,8
2.0,454 1,6 10 3 123524,11

54381203,06 c 200.10 6
3
7,6.0,944.0,95.0,44 1,6 10
1,2
2
4.1.2. Ni 2
4.1.2.1. Bung t
Tnh tng t nh ni 1:
D t .p
C, m
2 p
[AII
360]
(XIII.8)
Khi
p
Ta c:
Dt = 1,6 m
= h = 0,95
C = 1,6 mm
p = pmt + p1, N/m2
pmt = 0,759 atm = 0,759.9,81.104 N/m2 = 74457,9 N/m2
Trang 42
p1 = g.1.H1, N/m2
1: khi lng ring cht lng ( 54,34 0C), 1 = 966,1 ( kg/m3 )
p1 = g.1.H1 = 9,81. 966,1.1,2 = 11371,87 N/m2
p = pmt + p1 = 74457,9 + 11371,87 = 85829,77 N/m2
V:
S
97,71.10
p
85829,77
.0,95 = 1081,5 > 50 nn b qua p mu.
Dt p
1,6.85829,77
C
1,6.106 2,34.10-3 m = 2,34 mm
2
2.97,71.106.0,95
Chn S = 4 mm
D S Cp
2S C
t
[AII 365] (XIII.26)
c
, N/m2
1,2

p0 = pth + p1, N/m2
pth = 1,5.pmt = 1,5.74457,9 = 330645,54 N/m2
p0 = pth + p1 = 330645,54 + 11371,87 = 342017,41 N/m2
Dt S C p0
2S C
1,6 4 1,6.10 .342017,41

3
2.4 1,6 10 .0,95

3
120186119,2
c
1,2
Trang 43
b. y bung t
hB h
Dt

S
Khi
Dt p
D
. t C, m
3,8 k k . h p 2hb
k k .
p
[AII 385] (XIII.47)

1,6 m c hb = 0,4 m (hay hb = 0,25.Dt = 0,4)
d
Dt

k 1
d
0,15
1
0,906
Dt
1,6
h : h s bn, h = 0,95
[k] = 97,71.106 N/m2
Trang 44
k .
k
97,71.10 6
.0,906.0,95 = 980,15 > 30 nn b qua p mu s.
85829,77
Dt p
D
1,6.85829,77
1,6
. t C
.
1,6.10 6
6
3,8 k k. h 2h b
3,8.97,71.10 .0,906.0,95 2.0,4
S =1,737 mm
S C = 1,737 1,6 = 0,137 mm < 10 mm
Chn S = 4 mm
2h b S C p 0 c
, N/m2
7,6k. h .h b S C 1,2
2
t
[AII 385] (XIII.49)
Vi p sut th: p0 = 342017,41 N/m2
1,6

2.0,44 1,6 10 3 342017,41

7,6.0,906.0,95.0,44 1,6 10 3
2
139494579, 6
c
1,2
200.10 6
4.1.2.2. Bung bc
a. Thn hnh tr hn lm vic chu p sut ngoi (np)
Thn hnh tr hn lm vic chu p sut ngoi, bng thp CT3
Kim tra cc iu kin:
1
l
8
D
pn l
t.
E D
0, 4
0,523
l: chiu di (chiu cao) tnh ton thit b, l = Hb = 4 m

Trang 45
D: ng knh trong bung bc, Dbb = 1,8 m

1<
l
4
2,22 < 8 tha

D 1,8
pn: p sut tnh ton bn ngoi, bng hiu s gia p sut kh quyn v p
sut hi th bn trong, N/m2
pn= (1- png ).9,81.104
pn = (1 0,134).9,81.104 = 83973,6 N/m2
Et: module n hi nhit thnh, Et = 185.109 N/m2
pn l
.
t
E D
0, 4
37376 4
.
9
185 * 10 1,5
0, 4
0,003 0,523 tha
Khi cc iu kin c tha, do cc loi thp c h s Poatxng = 0,3 nn

c th tnh chiu dy theo cng thc sau:
p l
S 1,25D nt .
E D
0, 4
C , m
[AII 370] (XIII.32)
C: s b sung, tnh nh trng hp bung t, C = 1,6.10-3 m
p l
S 1,25 D nt .
E D
0, 4
83973,6 4
C 1,25.1,6
.
9
185.10 1,6
0, 4
1,6.10 3 10,59.10 3 m
Chn S = 11 mm
b. Np bung bc
Np hnh elip c g, lm vic chu p sut ngoi, bng thp CT3
Chiu dy np c xc nh theo cng thc:
S
Khi
Dt p n
D
. t C , m
3,8 n k .k1 . h p n 2hb
n k.k .
pn
[AII 387] (XIII.50)

Trang 46
pn: p sut tnh ton bn ngoi, pn = 83973,6 N/m2

hb: chiu cao phn li ca np, tra bng XIII.10 ng vi D t = 1,8 m c hb =
0,45 m
d
Dt
d: ng knh ca l ln nht trn np, l thng hi, chn d = 0,6 m

k 1
d
0,6
1
0,667
Dt
1,8
k1: h s, i vi l c np khng tng cng k1 = 0,64

h = 0,95
[n] = 97,71.106 N/m2
k .k .
n
pn
97,71.106
.0,667.0,64.0,95 471,6 30
83973,6
Dt p n
D
. t C
3,8 n k .k1 . h 2hb
1,8.83973,6
1,8
.
1,610 3 = 2,01m
6
3,8.97,71.10 .0,667.0,64.0,95 2.0,45
S C = 2,01- 1,6 = 0,41 mm < 10 mm

Thm 2 mm vo C khi S = 2,01 + 2 = 4,01 mm
Chn S = 5 mm
* Kim tra ng sut khi th thy lc:
2hb S C p 0n c
, N/m2
7,6k .k1 . h S C
1,2
2
t
[AII 387] (XIII.51)
p sut th P0 = 1,5pn = 1,5.83973,6 = 125960,4 N/m2
Trang 47
1,8 2.0,455 1,610 1125960,4 39001758,18

3
7,6.0,667.0,64.0,95.0,455 1,6 10 3
1,2
Bng 17. Tng hp chiu dy bung t, bung bc
Bung t (mm)
Ni
Bung bc (mm)
Thn tr
Thn tr
np
11
4.2. V NG
Bung t c 2 v ng c nh c hn vo mt trn v mt di. Chiu
dy v ng Sv phi m bo gi cht ng truyn nhit v ng tun hon, bn di
tc dng ca cc loi ng sut, chng c n mn. Chn phng php gn ng
vo v bng phng php nong
Chiu dy ti thiu:
Smin =
dn
5 , mm
8
dn: ng knh ngoi ng truyn nhit, dn = 101,6 mm

Smin =
dn
101,6
5
5 17,7 mm
8
8
gi nguyn hnh dng v ng sau khi nong cn m bo tit din dc

gii hn bi 2 thnh l gn nht fm phi ln hn tit din nh nht cho php fmin:
fm = Sv(t d1) fmin = 5.d1
Sv
f min
5d 1
t d1 t d1
Vi : d1 = dn + 1 = 101,6 + 1 = 102,6 mm
t = 1,3.dn = 1,3.101,6 = 132,08 mm
Trang 48
Sv
5.102,6
19 mm
132,08 102,6
Tnh n s n mn 2 pha: C = 2 mm
Sv = 19 + 2 = 21 mm . Chn Sv = 22 mm
4.3. H THNG TAI
4.3.1. Khi lng vt liu
4.3.1.1. Khi lng thp lm ng truyn nhit
m1 = n..d.l.., kg
n: s ng truyn nhit, n = 84 ng
d: ng knh trung bnh, d =
101,6 97,384
0,0995 m
2
l: chiu di ng, l = 1,2 m

: chiu dy thnh ng, = 2,108 mm = 2,108.10-3 m
: khi lng ring ca thp, = 7850 kg/m3
m1 = n..d.l.. = 84..0,0995.1,2.2,108.10-3.7850 = 521,097 kg
4.3.1.2. Khi lung thp
m2 = V., kg
V: tng th tch thp s dng, m3, bao gm thp lm ng tun hon, v ng,
bung bc, bung t, np v y
: khi lng ring ca thp, = 7850 kg/m3
- Th tch thp c tnh nh sau:
a. i vi ng tun hon, bung bc, bung t
V = .d.l., m3
d: ng knh trung bnh, m
l: chiu di (chiu cao), m
Trang 49
: chiu dy, m, do tnh khi lng cc i nn chn chiu dy ln nht

trong 2 ni tnh
Bng 18. Th tch thp
d trong, m
d trung bnh, m
l, m
V, m3
ng tun hon
0,4
0,004
0,404
1,2
0,006
Bung bc
1,8
0,011
1,811
0,25
Bung t
1,6
0,004
1,604
1,2
0,024
b. i vi v ng (2 v)
D2
S n S th , m3
4
V = 2
D: ng knh v, bng ng knh trong bung t, D = 1,6 m

: chiu dy v, = 22 mm = 0,022 m
Sn: tng tit din ngang ng truyn nhit, m2
Sn = 84.*
(101,6.10 3 ) 2
= 0,681 m2
4
Sth: tit din ngang ng tun hon, m2
(0,22 2.0,004) 2
Sth = .
= 0,131 m2
4
1,6 2
D2
V = 2
S n Sth 2.0,022
0,0,681 0,131 0,0527 m3
4
4
c. i vi y v np
V =
D 2
4
, m3
D: ng knh phi, m
: chiu dy, m
Trang 50
Bng 19. Th tch y v np thit b
D trong, m
, m
D (phi), m
V, m3
Np
1,8
0,005
2,196
0,019
1,6
0,004
1,928
0,012
Vy:
- Tng th tch thp
V = 0,006 + 0,25 + 0,024 + 0,0527 + 0,019 + 0,012 = 0,364 m3
- Tng khi lng thp
m2 = 0,364.7850 = 2856,91 kg
- Tng khi lng vt liu
M = m1 + m2 = 521,097 + 2856,91 = 3378,01 kg
4.3.2. Khi lng nc

- m bo h thng tai an ton ta gi s thit b cha y nc
m3 = V., kg
V: tng th tch nc bung bc, bung t, np v y, m3
: khi lng ring ca nc, ly 200C, = 998,2 kg/m3
- Th tch nc bung bc v bung t c tnh nh sau:
V=
.D 2
4
l , m3
D: ng knh trong, m
l: chiu cao, m
Th tch nc np v y: tra bng XIII.10 theo ng knh trong
Trang 51
Bng 20. Th tch nc
D, m
l, m
V, m3
Bung bc
1,8
10,179
Bung t
1,6
1,2
2,413
Np
1,8
1,095
1,6
0,578
Tng:
14,265
Khi lng nc:

m3 = V. = 14,26. 998,2 = 14238,8 kg
Khi lng cc i:
m = m1 + m2 + m3 = 521,097 + 2856,91 + 14238,8 = 17616,8 kg
Trng lng cc i:
P = m.g = 171058,95 .9,81 = 172821,16 N
Chn s dng 4 tai
Trng lng mi tai phi chu l: 172821,16 /4 = 43205,29 N
Tra bng XIII.36:
B1
d
B
Trang 52
Bng 21. Chn thp i vi thit b thng ng
Ti trng
cho php
mi tai
G.10-4
B
mt
F.104
Ti trng
cho php ln
b mt
q.10-6
m2
N/m2
297
1,34
B1
mm
190
160
170
280
Khi
lng
1 tai
kg
10
80
25
7,35
4.4. MT BCH
Mt bch l b phn quan trng dng ni cc phn ca thit b cng nh
ni cc b phn khc vi thit b.
Do h thng lm vic vi p sut thp < 0,1*106 N/m2 nn chn loi bch
lin, l b phn c hn lin vi thit b
4.4.1. ni cc ng dn
Chn bch lin bng kim loi en kiu 1
D
DI
db
Trang 53
Tra bng [AII 409] (XIII.26) ta c:

Bng 22 . Mi ghp bch ni cc b phn ca thit b v ng dn
Py.10-6
Loi
Dy
ng Kch thc ni
Kiu
bch
N/m2
Dn
DI
Bulng
db
mm
1
z
ci
mm
ng nhp
liu
0.25
50
57
140
110 90
M12
12
ng tho
liu
0.25
50
57
140
110 90
M12
12
ng dn hi
t
0.25
150
159
260
225 202
M16
16
ng dn hi
th
0.25
400
426
535
495 465
M20
16
22
ng dn
nc ngng
0.25
40
45
130
100 80
M12
12
4.4.2. ni cc b phn ca thit b

Chn bch lin bng thp kiu 1. Tra bng [AII 417] - (XIII.27) ta c:
Bng 23. Mi ghp bch gia thn vi y v np
Kiu
bch
Kch thc ni (mm)

Loi
Py.10
-6
N/m2
Dt
mm
Bulng
D
Db
DI
D0
db
mm
ci
mm
Bung t
0.1
1600 1740 1690 1660
1613
M20
32
28
Bung bc
0.1
1800 1940 1890 1860
1815
M20
40
28
Trang 54
PHN 5
S QUY TRNH C C
5.1. H THNG C C 2 NI XUI CHIU
Hnh 6. S h thng c c 2 ni xui chiu
1- Thng dung dch u
5- Thit b un nng
9- Nc ngng
2- Bm
6- Dung dch vo c c
10- Sn phm cui
3- Thng cao v
7- Hi t
11- Nc lm lnh
4- Lu lng k
8- Hi th
12- H thng Baromet
5.2. THUYT MINH QUY TRNH

Dung dch nc ng nng u 12% (theo khi lng) t thng cha
(1) c bm ln thng cao v (3). T y, dung dch c a qua mt lu lng
k (4), ri qua thit b un nng (5) t c nhit ban u mong mun, sau
a vo ni c c thc hin qu trnh bc hi.
Hi t c a vo ni 1 l hi nc bo ha c p sut 2,134 atm (theo
thang p sut tuyt i v n v p sut k thut). Dung dch vo ni 1, i bn
trong ng truyn nhit cn hi t i pha ngoi ng truyn nhit. Qu trnh trao
Trang 55
i nhit din ra, dung dch c nng nhit ln n nhit si v bt u bc

hi. y dung dch c c c tun hon t nhin n khi t nng cht kh
20 % ri mi chuyn sang ni 2 nh s chnh lch p sut gia 2 ni. Hn hp hi
lng bc ln vi tc rt ln, va p vo cnh hnh zigzag ca b phn tch bt
(b phn phn ly lng hi) cc git cht lng c ri tr li.
Hi th ca ni 1 c dng lm hi t cho ni 2. ni 2 dung dch cng
c c c tun hon t nhin n khi t nng 60% th m van x vo bn
cha. Dung dch chuyn t ni 1 sang ni 2 ri vo bn cha mt cch t nhin v
lin tc. Hi th ca ni 2 c a vo thit b ngng t to chn khng p sut
0,134 atm.
Trang 56
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. PHM XUN TON. Cc qu trnh v thit b trong Cng ngh ha

cht v thc phm.Tp 3 Cc qu trnh thit b v truyn nht. Nh xut bn
Khoa hc k thut. 2007.
2. GS.TSKH NGUYN BIN, PGS.TS VN IS tay qu trnh v
thit b Cng ngh ha cht, tp 1 v 2. Nh xut bn Khoa hc v K thut H
Ni. 2006.
3. T.S PHAN VN THM. S tay thit k thit b ha cht v ch bin
thc phm a dng. Trng i hc Cn Th. 2004.
4. Cc trang web:
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com
http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp
http://www.rpaulsingh.com
http://www.sugartech.co.za
Trang 57

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TRNG I HC CN TH

KHOA NNG NGHIP & SINH HC NG DNG

Gio vin hng dn:

Sinh vin thc hin:

Th.s Trn Thanh Trc

Trng Thanh Tng

Lp: Cng ngh thc phm 34LT

Cn Th, thng 6 nm 2009

Nin lun K thut thc phm

GVHD: Th.s. Trn Thanh Trc

Nin lun K thut thc phm

GVHD: Th.s. Trn Thanh Trc

GII THIU ..................................................................................................1

1.2. GII THIU S LC V L THUYT C C V THIT B C

Gii thiu chung v c c ..........................................................................1

Thit b c c ng tun hon trung tm..................................................... 3

THIT B CHNH ......................................................................................... 5

Lng nc bc hi ca c h thng (hi th ) ..........................................5

Lng hi th phn b trong tng ni ........................................................ 6

Tnh nng ca dung dch trong tng ni ................................................6

CN BNG NHIT LNG ..........................................................................7

Xc nh p sut v nhit mi ni........................................................... 7

Xc nh tng tn tht nhit .............................................................. 8

Hiu s nhit hu ch thi v nhit si dung dch ............................ 12

Xc nh nhit dung ring dung dch......................................................... 12

Lng hi t v lng hi th mi ni....................................................13

Kim tra li gi thit phn b hi th cc ni........................................15

TNH B MT TRUYN NHIT .................................................................15

Lng nhit do hi t cung cp ............................................................... 15

H s truyn nhit K ca mi ni............................................................... 16

KCH THC BUNG T........................................................................21

S ng truyn nhit ....................................................................................21

ng tun hon trung tm...........................................................................22

Nin lun K thut thc phm

GVHD: Th.s. Trn Thanh Trc

ng knh trong bung t......................................................................23

KCH THC BUNG BC........................................................................24

i vi dung dch v nc ngng.............................................................. 25

TNG KT THIT B CHNH .....................................................................26

THIT B PH - THIT B NGNG T BAROMET.......................... 27

3.2. TH TCH KHNG KH V KH KHNG NGNG CN HT RA

KCH THC CH YU CA THIT B NGNG T .......................... 28

Kch thc tm ngn..................................................................................29

Chiu cao thit b ngng t........................................................................30

Kch thc ng Baromet ............................................................................32

H THNG TAI ....................................................................................... 49

Khi lng vt liu ....................................................................................49

Khi lng nc ........................................................................................ 51

ni cc b phn ca thit b .................................................................54

S QUY TRNH C C...................................................................55

H THNG C C 2 NI XUI CHIU ................................................55

THUYT MINH QUY TRNH ......................................................................55

TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................................... 57

Nin lun K thut thc phm

GVHD: Th.s. Trn Thanh Trc

DANH SCH HNH

Hnh 1. Cng thc cu to ca sacaroza ..............................................................................1

Nin lun K thut thc phm

GVHD: Th.s. Trn Thanh Trc

DANH SCH BNG

Bng 1. Nhit v p sut hi ca mi ni .......................................................................8

Nin lun K thut thc phm

GVHD: Th.s. Trn Thanh Trc