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T tng H Ch Minh v cch mng gii phng dn tc

Nhng ni dung chnh trong phn ny l:


1. MC TIU CA CCH MNG GII PHNG DN TC. 2. CM GII PHNG DN TC MUN THNG LI PHI I THEO CON NG CM V SN 3. CM GII PHNG DN TC TRONG THI I MI PHI DO NG CNG SN LNH O. 4. LC LNG CA CM GII PHNG DN TC BAO GM TON DN TC. 5. CM GII PHNG DN TC CN C TIN HNH CH NG, SNG TO V C KH NNG GINH THNG LI TRC CM V SN CHNH QUC. 6. CM GII PHNG DN TC PHI C TIN HNH BNG CON NG CM BO LC
I.

Mc tiu ca cch mng gii phng dn tc

Nu nh mu thun ch yu ca cc nc TBCN phng Ty l mu thun gia giai cp v sn v giai cp t sn th mu thun ch yu trong lng XH thuc a phng ng l mu thun gia dn tc b p bc vi ch ngha thc dn. cc nc ny, nng dn l lc lng ng o, b bn thc dn thng tr v bc lt bng hng lot chnh sch kinh t, bc lt t thu, cp ot rung t v nhng chnh sch cai tr h khc. Chnh v th k th s mt ca nng dn l quc thc dn. Cng vi nhn dn th cc giai tng khc cng c chung nguyn vng l cu ging ni thot khi cnh nc si la bng. Vic cu nc l vic chung ca cc dn tc b p bc. V nu nh cc nc TBCN phi tin hnh cc cuc u tranh giai cp th cc nc thuc a phi tin hnh cuc u tranh gii phng dn tc. Mc tiu ca cuc CM gii phng dn tc l: + nh ch thng tr ca CN thc dn + Dnh c lp dn tc + Thit lp chnh quyn ca nhn dn. II. Cch mng gii phng dn tc mun thng li phi i theo con ng CM v sn.

Vi nguyn vng gii phng dn tc khi ch thng tr thc dn Php, ngay t cui th k 19 u th k 20, c rt nhiu phong tro ca cc nh yu

nc ni ln bng nhiu con ng, nhiu khuynh hng chnh tr khc nhau, s dng nhiu v kh t tng khc nhau. + Phong tro ng du ca Phan Bi Chu: Vn ng a hc sinh sang Nht hc vi li ha ca Nht rng s o to nhn ti cho nc ta. Nhng c chng ng th Nht cu kt vi Php, ui tt c hc sinh v nc. Phong tro tht bi. Nh Bc H nhn nh chng khc g a h ca trc rc beo ca sau. + Ch trng ca Phan Chu Trinh: Da vo Php nh Php. Nhng ch trng ny cng chng khc g xin gic r long thng. + Khi ngha Yn th ca Hong Hoa Thm. Tuy thc t nhng vn mang nng ct cch phong kin. + phong tro Cn Vng ca Tn Tht Thuyt Cc phong tro ny tuy si ni, nhiu hnh thc nh vn ng ci cch, duy tn t nc song tt c u lm vo b tc v tht bi. l s b tc v tht bi v ng li cu nc. Bc H ca chng ta sinh ra v ln ln trong bi cnh t nc b bin thnh thuc a, nhn dn chu cnh lm than, tuy rt khm phc cc phong tro cu nc ca ng cha ta nhng Ngi khng tn thnh con ng cu nc ca cc v y m quyt tm i tm mt con ng cu nc mi. Sau nhiu nm bn ba khp cc chu lc, lm mi ngh kim sng, ha mnh trong qun chng cn lao, gii th thuyn, trc tip chng kin cnh bt cng tn bo ca XH t bn, Nguyn i Quc rt ra kt lun: u CNTB cng tn c v v nhn o, u nhn dn lao ng cng b p bc, bc lt rt d man; cc dn tc thuc a u c mt k th chung l bn quc thc dn D mu da khc nhau, trn i ny ch c hai ging ngi : ging ngi bc lt v ging ngi b bc lt. Ngi tm hiu nhng cuc cch mng t sn ln trn th gii nh cch mng Php, cch mng M v nhn thy c CM t sn ch thay

th ch bc lt khc tinh vi hn ch khng xa b c p bc bc lt, v th Ngi cho rng l nhng cuc cch mng khng n
ni, khng trit v cu nc theo ngn c ca giai cp t sn khng phi l li thot cho dn tc. Thng 7/ 1920 Ngi c tip xc vi S kho ln th nht nhng lun cng v vn dn tc v vn thuc a ca L nin. Chnh t y ngi nhn ra phng hng gii phng dn tc: con ng cch mng v sn. Trong bi cuc khng chin HCM vit ch c gii phng giai cp v sn th mi gii phng c dn tc v ch c CNXH mi gii phng cc dn tc b p bc v nhng ngi lao ng trn th gii khi ch n l. Cch mng thng 10 Nga khng ch l mt cuc CM v sn m cn l cuc CM gii phng dn tc. N nu tm gng sng v s gii phng cc dn tc thuc a v m ra trc mt h thi i CM chng quc, thi i gii phng dn tc.

Thng li ca CM Thng Mi Nga Ging nh Mt tri chi li, cch mng thng Mi chiu sng khp nm chu, thc tnh hng triu ngi b bc lt trn Tri t. Trong lch s loi ngi cha c cuc cch mng no ngha su xa nh th. < Mt s hnh nh v CM Thng 10 Nga> III. Cch mng gii phng dn tc trong thi i mi phi do ng cng sn lnh o.

Mun lm cch mng, trc ht phi lm cho dn gic ng.. phi ging gii l lun v ch ngha cho dn hiu Vy nn sc cch mnh phi tp trung, mun tp trung phi c ng cch mnh. Nh trong tc phm ng cch mnh, Ngi khng nh trc ht phi c ng cch mnh, trong th vn ng v t chc n chng, ngoi th lien lc vi dn tc b p bc v v sn giai cp mi ni. ng c vng cch mnh mi thnh cng, cng nh ngi cm li c vng, thuyn mi chy Thng 2/1930, Nguyn i Quc sng lp ng Cng sn Vit Nam, chnh ng ca phong tro cch mng nc ta. Pht trin hc thuyt Mc- Lenin v ng cng sn, Ngi cho rng, ng cng sn Vit Nam l ng ca giai cp v sn, ng thi l ng ca dn tc Vit Nam. y l mt lun im quan trng, b sung them cho l lun ca CN Mc- Lenin v ng cng sn, nh hng xy dng ng thnh mt ng c s gn kt cht ch vi giai cp cng nhn, nhn dn lao ng v c dn tc trong thi k ca CMVN. Ngay t khi mi ra i ng nm ngn c lnh o duy nht i vi CMVN v a cch mng Vit Nam i t thng li ny sang thng li khc
IV.

Lc lng ca CM gii phng dn tc bao gm ton dn tc

Theo H Ch Minh, cch mng gii phng dn tc l vic chung ca ton dn ch khng phi l vic ca mt hai ngi, v vy phi on kt ton dn. Bn cnh Ngi cng nhn mnh s on kt ton dn phi da trn on kt l lin minh cng- nng. Bi theo Ngi: Cng nng l ngi ch cch mnh Cng nng l gc cch mnh Trong cng lnh chnh tr u tin ca ng, Ngi xc nh lc lng cch mng bao gm ton dn tc: ng phi tp hp i b phn giai cp cng nhn, nng dn, dn cy, tiu thng i vo phe giai cp v sn; vi b phn ph nng, a ch, t bn Vit Nam m cha r mt phn cch mng th cho h ng trung lp. B phn no ra mt phn cch mng th phi nh . Mt kha cnh khc m H Ch Minh nhn thy l s cai tr d man, bc lt tn bo ca bn thc dn cng lm cho tinh thn cch mng thm mnh lit, lm cho thc c lp, tinh thn yu nc tri dy. Ngi kt lun:

S tn bo ca CNTB chun b t ri CNXH ch cn phi lm ci vic gieo ht ging ca cng cuc gii phng na thi. Trn c s , Ngi ch trng vn ng, tp hp rng ri cc tng lp nhn dn trong mt mt trn dn tc thng nht nhm huy ng sc mnh ton dn tc, ng ln u tranh ginh c lp t do. Ngi ni: ch chim tri, ch chim t nhng lm sao chim lng yu nc nng nn ca nhn dn ta. V. Cch mng gii phng dn tc cn c tin hnh ch ng, sang to v c kh nng ginh thng li trc cch mng v sn chnh quc.

- Quan im ca Quc t cng sn cho rng: Ch c th thc hin hon ton cng cuc gii phng cc thuc a khi giai cp v sn ginh c thng li t cc nc tin tin - Vn dng ng li ca Quc t cng sn vo iu kin cc nc thuc a, Nguyn i Quc kt lun: S gii phng ca giai cp cng nhn phi l s nghip ca bn thn giai cp cng nhn. Ngi khng nh cng cuc gii phng nhn dn thuc a ch c th thc hin c bng s n lc t gii phng. Khng chin trng k gian kh ng thi phi t lc cnh sinh. + Trng vo sc mnh v d nhin c s gip ca cc nc bn l quan trng, khng c li.Mt dn tc khng t lc cnh sinh m ph thuc vo s gip ca dn tc khc l khng xng ng c lp. Do nh gi ng sc mnh ca ch ngha yu nc v tinh thn dn tc, Nguyn i Quc d bo: CM thuc a khng cn th ng ch i m c th n ra v ginh thng li trc CM v sn chnh quc, ng thi tc ng tr li CM chnh quc. y l lun im sang to v c gi tr l lun v thc tin to ln, mt cng hin quan trng vo kho tng l lun ca ch ngha Mc- Lenin.
-

Ti sao Ngi khng nh nh th? L do I:Cuc CM GPDT thuc a c tnh c lp tng i cao so vi CM v sn chnh quc. Do , n c s ch g v sng to trong hot ng ca mnh. L do II: HCM khng nh kh nng gpdt thuc a. Ngi cho rng nhn dn cc nc thuc a chu p bc nng n hn so vi nhn dn cc nc chnh quc. Do CM thuc a c ng lc mnh m n ra trc cuc CM chnh quc. L do III: S p bc bc lt ca CN thc dn tp trung thuc a, nhng im yu ca ch ngha thc dn cng l thuc a. Do , nu CM thuc a n ra s c kh nng ging chin thng trc so vi cc nc chnh quc

V d: VN:Cuoc CMT8 VN ginh chin thng trc CM ca nhn dn Nht Trn TG: Nhn dn Trung Quc t mnh nh ui pht xt Nht(1945) trc khi cuc CM ca nhn dn Nht n ra. VI. Cch mng gii phng dn tc phi c tin hnh bng con ng cch mng bo lc.

nh gi ng bn cht ca ch ngha quc, HCM xc nh: Trong cuc u tranh gian kh chng k th ca giai cp v ca dn tc, cn dung bo lc cch mng chng li bo lc phn cch mng, ginh li chnh quyn v bo v chnh quyn. Chng no cha bp oc ch xm lc ca chng th cha th c thng li hon ton. V th con ng ginh v gi c lp l con ng cch mng bo lc. Th no l bo lc cch mng? Bo lc cch mng l hot ng ca qun chng nhn dn di s lnh o ca giai cp cch mng vt qua khi gii hn php lut ca giai cp thng tr, xc lp nh nc ca giai cp v sn. N khc vi nhng phong tro theo xu hng ci lng l da vo ngi khc, thuyt phc ngi khc Hnh thc ca bo lc CM bao gm c u tranh chnh tr v u tranh v trang. HCM cng ch r: Ty tnh hnh c th m quyt nh nhng hnh thc u tranh cch mng thch hp, s dng ng v kho kt hp cc hnh thc u tranh v trang v u tranh chnh tr ginh thng li cho cch mng. */ T tng bo lc CM phi gn b hu c vi t tng nhn o v ha bnh. Xut pht t tnh yu thng con ngi, H Ch Minh lun tranh th kh nng ginh v gi chnh quyn t mu nht. Ch khi khng cn kh nng ho hon, khi k th ngoan c mun ginh thng li bng qun s, th H Ch Minh mi kin quyt pht ng chin tranh. Trong khng chin chng Php, Ngi by t quan im: Chng ti mong i Chnh ph v nhn dn Php mt c ch mang li ha bnh. Nu khng chng ti bt buc phi chin u n cng gii phng hon ton t nc. Hay trong khng chin chng M, HCM nhiu ln gi thng ip cho cc nh cm quyn M ngh m phn ha bnh kt thc chin tranh. => T tng bo lc CM v t tng nhn o thng nht bin chng vi nhau trong t tng HCM. Ngi lun tranh th mi kh nng ha bnh gii quyt xung t, nhng mt khi khng th trnh khi chin tranh th phi dung bo lc CM bo v c lp t do.

*/ Hnh thi bo lc cch mng. - Theo H Ch Minh, trong s nghip khng chin th lc lng chnh l dn. Ton dn khi ngha, ton dn ni dy l nt c trng ca t tng HCM v bo lc CM. - Trong u tranh, qun s l ch cht nhng phi kt hp cht ch vi u tranh chnh tr. Thng li qun s em li thng li chnh tr, thng li chnh tr s lm cho thng li qun s to ln hn. - u tranh ngoi giao cng l mt trn c ngha chin lc, c tc dng thm bn bt th, pht huy yu t chnh ngha ca u tranh gii phng dn tc. va nh va m, nh l ch yu, m l h tr - u tranh kinh t l ra sc tng gia sn xut, thi hnh tit kim, pht trin kinh t ca ta, ph hoi kinh t ca ch vi nhiu phng chm nh Hu phng thi ua vi tin phng Rung ry l chin trng, cuc cy l v kh, nh nng l chin s Bng cch ny Ngi ku gi c nhn dn t gic thc hin, t gic tham gia khng chin. - Trc nhng k th ln mnh, H Ch Minh ch trng s dng phng chm chin lc nh lu di. Trong khng chin chng thc dn Php, Ngi ni : ch mun tc chin tc thng. Ta ly trng k khng chin tr n, th ch nht nh thua,ta nht ng thng. ?/ Ti sao phi trng k khng chin? Khng chin phi trng k v t ta hep, dn ta t, nc ta ngho ta phi chun b lu di v phi c s chun b ton din ca ton dn. Trong khng chin chng M, cu nc, Ngi khng nh: Chin tranh c th ko di 5 nm, 10 nm, 20 nm hoc lu hn na. H Ni, Hi Phng v mt s thnh ph, x nghip c th b tn ph, song nhn dn Vit Nam quyt khng s! Khng c g qu hn c lp t do. - c lp t ch, t lc t cng kt hp vi s gip ca quc t l mt quan im nht qun trong t tng H Ch Minh. Xut pht t iu kin lch s, tng quan lc lng gia ta v ch, Ngi vn dng sng to v pht trin hc thuyt ca L nin v CM thuc a thnh 1 h thng ng li, sch lc, phng php tin hnh CM gii phng dn tc thuc a soi ng cho dn tc VN i t thng li ny sang thng li khc. Minh chng cho iu l thng li ca CM Thng Tm nm 1945 v 30 nm chin tranh CM Vit Nam giai on 1945- 1975. Trong cng cuc i mi hin nay, vn dng t tng HCM v cch mng gii phng dn tc , chng ta phi bit khi dy sc mnh ch ngha yu nc, tinh thn dn tc, ngun c lc mnh m xy dng v bo v t nc Lch s chng minh mt cch r rng tnh cch mng, tnh khoa hc v tnh ng n ca con ng gii phng dn tc m Nguyn i Quc la chn v

thc hin thng li mt nc thuc a, na phong kin, tng l tm gng ngng m v c v cc dn tc b p bc trn th gii.

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