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22,68 ) 68 (km)
M r = 30 (km). Vy theo l thuyt chng ta s tnh h
1
v h
2
l trung bnh
cng cc kt qu ca h
1
v h
2
trong 2 trng hp l c ly nh v c ly ln.V
chng ta s thc hin truyn sng trong tng i lu nn chng ta s lm vic vi
a
td
= 8500 (km)
a. C ly nh:
h
1
= h
1
h
1
= h
1
r
2
2 atd
(
h1
h1 + h2
)
2
= 135
30
2
2 85 00
(
135
135 + 22,68
)
2
1u
3
96,19 (m)
Bo co Bi tp ln mn Anten v Truyn sng
15
h
2
= h
2
h
2
= h
2
r
2
2 atd
(
h2
h1 + h2
)
2
= 22,68
30
2
2 85 00
(
22,68
135 + 22,68
)
2
1u
3
21,58 (m)
b. C ly ln
h
1
= h
1
h
1
= h
1
r
2
2 atd
(
h1
h1 + h2
)
2
= 135
30
2
2 85 00
(
135
135 +
22,68
)
2
1u
3
108,37 (m)
h
2
= h
2
h
2
= h
2
r
2
2 atd
(
h2
h1 + h2
)
2
= 22,68
30
2
2 85 00
(
22,68
135 +
22,68
)
2
1u
3
18,21 (m)
Kt lun: ly trung bnh cng kt qu ca 2 trng hp chng ta c:
h
1
=
96,19 + 108,37
2
= 102,28 (m)
h
2
=
21,5 8 + 18,21
2
= 19,9 (m)
Thay s chng ta c:
E
h
=
2,18 20 1000 102,28 19 9
30
2
0,62
= 1124,6 (
mv
m
)
3.Tnh ton v nng lng
a. Tnh ton v cng sut:
+) P
thu tt
(dB) = P
pht
(dB) + G
Anten pht
(dB) + G
Anten thu
(dB)
khong cch
(dB)
fi
(dB)
thit b
(dB)
: P
pht
= 20 kW = 20000W => P
pht
= 10 log 20000 43 (dB)
G
Anten pht
= G
Anten thu
= 15 (dB)
khong cch
= 20 log (
4 d
\
) = 20 log (
4 30 10
3
0,62
) 115,7 (dB)
fi
= 10 (dB)
thit b
= 3 (dB)
=> P
thu tt
(dB) = 43 + 15 + 15 115,7 10 3 = 55,7 (dB)
Bo co Bi tp ln mn Anten v Truyn sng
16
+) P
thu xu
= P
thu tt
ma
:
ma
= 1,2 (dB) /1 km => 30 (km) th
ma
= 36 (dB)
=> P
thu xu
= 55,7 36 = 91,7 (dB)
Yu cu:
_
Pthu tt < Ptu mox
Pthu xu > Ptu min
_ => P
thu max
> 55,7 (dB), P
thu min
< 91,7 (dB)
b. V mt nng lng
Thng thng nhy my thu e
n
thng nm trong khong 0,5 V/m 10
V/m. Chng ta chn my thu c nhy 10 V/m. phn trc chng ta tnh
E
h
= 1124,6 (
mV
m
)
Theo l thuyt chng ta phi c:
E
h
Bthu e
n
= 10 (
V
m
)
=> D
thu
(
10
1124 ,6m
)
2
= 7,9 1u
-11
(ln)
=> D
thu
101,02 (dB)
+) Xt tn hao trong kh quyn thng k c trong trng hp ma rt to
chng ta c:
=
khong cch
+
ma
= 115,7 + 36 = 151,7 dB
Khi D
thu
1S1,7 1u1,u2 = 50,68 (dB)
+) Nu b qua tc ng ca ma th chng ta s c ch c nh hng tn
hao trong kh quyn thng
D
thu
14,68 (uB)
Bo co Bi tp ln mn Anten v Truyn sng
17
4. La chn phng php truyn sng
Nhn xt: Chng ta c di tn lm vic ca knh VTV3 nm trong khong
478MHz 486MHz
=> 30 MHz < f < 300 GHz => 1mm < < 10m
Vy sng lan truyn l sng cc ngn.Chng ta la chn phng php
truyn sng trc tip trong tm nhn thng l ph hp v mt l thuyt.
Bo co Bi tp ln mn Anten v Truyn sng
18
B. Thit k Anten.
Knh VTV3 thuc i truyn hnh Vit Nam nm trn knh tn s 22 tng
ng vi di tn 478MHz 486MHz trong bng tn UHF.
thu c knh trn Anten thu cn c tn s c tnh trung bnh ca
knh VTV3.
D dng tnh c tn s trung bnh l: f = 482MHz
T y chng ta tm c bc sng:
=
c
I
=
3 10
8
4 82 10
6
0,62 (m)
Nh tnh ton phn trc trong iu kin bnh thng khng c ma
D
thu
14,68 dB.
nhy my thu cht lng cao thng nm trong khong 0,5 V/m 10
V/m. Trong phn trc chng ta ly 10 V/m tnh E
h
nhng rt kh c
c iu ny vi kinh ph trung bnh ca ngi dn Vit Nam. Vy nn chng ta
s thit k Anten c h s nh hng thu khong D
thu
= 16 (dB) l ph hp vi
nhy b (khong 0,5 V/m) v lc c th k n c ma to (c phainh).
= (1 1,2) (dB/1 km)
Theo l thuyt chng ta c cng thc sau:
D
max
= A
L
\
Trong L: di Anten.
H s A ph thuc vo t s
L
\
D
max
: H s inh hng cc i
Vi D
max
= 16, cn c vo th s ph thuc ca h s A vo
L
\
chng ta c
th chn cp s sau:
A = 4
L
\
= 4
Bo co Bi tp ln mn Anten v Truyn sng
19
=> L = 4 = 4 0,62 = 2,48 (m)
Qua cng thc: = 1 +
x
2 L
chng ta c h s sng chm tt nht l
= 1 +
0,62
2 2,4 8
= 1,125
Chn t ch ng lm Anten l chn t na sng. i vi Anten loi ny,
dng trong chn t th ng c cm ng do trng c to bi chn t ch
ng. Cn pha ca dng trong cc chn t th ng c th iu chnh c m
bo nhn c s bc x n hng.Vi mc ch nh trn (dng trong thanh
phn x nhanh pha hn so vi dng trong thanh pht x) th di ca thanh phn
x cn chn ln hn di thanh pht x (chn t 0).Thng th di thanh phn
x c chn trong gii hn (0,51 0,53) . Cn khong cch gia thanh phn x
v pht x c chn trong gii hn (0,15 0,25) .
Pha yu cu trong thanh dn x (chm pha so vi dng trong chn t ch
ng) cng c m bo bng cch chn di ca n, thng thng di
thanh dn x ngn hn di ca chn t ch ng vi thanh dn x u trn cng
nh gia cc thanh dn x vi nhau c chn trong gii hn (0,1 0,35)
Vi yu cu nh trn chng ta chn di v khong cch ca cc chn t
nh sau:
+ Chiu di ca chn t pht x:
2 l
pht x
=
x
2
=
0,62
2
= 0,31 (m)
+ Chiu di ca chn t phn x:
2 l
phn x
= 0,53 = 0,53 0,62 = 0,3286 (m)
+ Khong cch gia chn t pht x v chn t phn x
d
px
= 0,25 = 0,25 0,62 = 0,155 (m)
+ Chiu di ca cc chn t dn x l nh nhau v c:
2 l
dn x
= 0,33 = 0,33 0,62 = 0,2046 (m)
+ Khong cch gia chn t ch ng vi chn t dn x u tin cng nh
gia cc chn t dn x vi nhau:
d
dx
= 0,25 = 0,25 0,62 = 0,155 (m)
Bo co Bi tp ln mn Anten v Truyn sng
20
M hnh Anten Yagi:
Yu cu: L = 2,48 (m)
Lun c 1 chn t phn x v pht x. Chng ta c:
d
px
= d
dx
= 0,155 (m)
Gi N l s chn t dn x
=> (N + 1) 0,155 = 2,48
=> N = 15
Vy c 15 chn t dn x
Vy Anten Yagi cn thit k c:
+ 1 chn t phn x
+ 1 chn t ch ng
+ 15 chn t dn x
+ Chiu di L = 2,48 (m)
+ D = 16 (dB)
+ Khong cch gia cc chn t l 0,155 (m)
V: 2 l
phn x
= 0,33 (m) ; 2 l
pht x
= 0,31 (m) ; 2 l
dn x
= 0,2 (m)
Bo co Bi tp ln mn Anten v Truyn sng
21
Phn 3: M phng
1. Chng trnh m phng (Vit bng MatLab)
>> clc
>> clear
>> disp('Day la chuong trinh ve do thi buc xa cua anten Yagi thu kenh VTV3
cua dai truyen hinh Viet Nam');
>> disp('GVHD: TS Lam Hong Thach');
>> disp('SVTH: Dao Minh Duc Chu Minh Hoa Dinh Duy Khanh');
>> N=input('Nhap vao so chan tu dan xa: N=');
>> 15
>> f=input('Nhap vao tan so trung binh cua kenh VTV3 theo MHz: f=');
>> 482
>> dpx=input('Nhap vao khoang cach giua chan tu phat xa va chan tu phan xa
(tinh bang met): dpx=');
>> 0.155
>> ddx=input('Nhap vao khoang cach giua chan tu phat xa va chan tu dan xa
dau tien (tinh bang met): ddx=');
>> 0.155
>> L=dpx+N*ddx;
>> lambda=3e2/f;
>> k=2*pi/lambda;
>> dtb=L/(N+21);
>> x=0:pi/100:2*pi;
>> y=abs(sin((N+2)/2*k*dtb*(1cos(x)))./((N+2)*sin(k/2*dtb*(1cos(x)))));
>> figure
>> polar(x,y,'m')
>> title('Do thi buc xa trong mat phang H khong tinh anh huong cua dat')
>> z=abs((sin((N+2)/2*k*dtb*(1cos(x)))./((N+2)*sin(k/2*dtb*(1
cos(x))))).*(cos(pi/2*sin(x))./cos(x)));
>> figure
>> polar(x,z)
>> title('Do thi buc xa trong mat phang E')
Bo co Bi tp ln mn Anten v Truyn sng
22
2. th bc x
th bc x trong mt phng H khng tnh nh hng ca t
th bc x trong mt phng E
Bo co Bi tp ln mn Anten v Truyn sng
23
HNG PHT TRIN
Anten Yagi dng thu cc tn hiu truyn hnh tng t l ch yu, n
c thit k n gin, gn nh v kinh t. Tuy nhin vic thit k Anten c
trnh by trong tp n ny cha c thit k v tnh ton ti u. Do khi pht
trin hn na cn xt n vic tnh ton ti u l thit k Anten sao cho t c
cc ch tiu cht lng cao nht nh: h s nh hng cn t c, mc bc x
ph, mc bc x ngc, di tn cng tc
Trong k nguyn thng tin ngy nay s pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin di
ng, thng tin v tinh i hi phi c nhng hng nghin cu su hn rng hn,
tm ra c cc loi cu hnh Anten ph hp, p ng c nhu cu truyn ti
thng tin a phng tin l ht sc thit thc.
Do vy vic nghin cu Anten vi s h tr ngy cng mnh hn ca k
thut my tnh c th to ra bc t ph trong ngnh thng tin lin lc cng nh
cc dch v gii tr truyn hnh.
Bo co Bi tp ln mn Anten v Truyn sng
24
KT LUN
Anten thit k thu tt knh VTV3.
Qua cc kt qu m phng t c ta thy rng Anten l mt h thng phc
tp, khi thay i mt vi thng s k thut trong khi thit k th s dn n nh
hng n cht lng ca Anten. Chng hn nh, khi tng khong cch gia cc
chn t ln dn, hoc chn s thanh dn x nhiu qu, th s bc x hng tnh ca
Anten cng tng, ng thi s bc x ph tng ln, lm cho tn hiu thu khng
c tt hoc rt kh thu. Nu mun thu c tn hiu truyn hnh tt th ta phi
iu chnh Anten thu hng mt cch chnh xc v hng Anten pht ca i cn
thu. V vy cn phi iu chnh cc thng s trn sao cho ph hp c c s
bc x tt nht, s bc x ph nh th Anten thu s thu c tn hiu tt m khng
gp phi kh khn trong vic iu chnh hng ca Anten thu theo mt hng
chnh xc v pha Anten pht v khi rng bc x chnh l ln.
Bn cnh , s dng cc phng php tip in phi hp tr khng cng
l vn quan trng nh hng n cht lng thu ca Anten. Ngoi ra trn Anten
c thit k, ta c th m rng di tn thu c nhiu knh hn bng cch
ghp song song cc chn t dn x v dng chn t vng cp in cho Anten.
Nhm chng em xin chn thnh cm n thy Lm Hng Thch gip
chng em hon thnh bi tp ln ny!
Bo co Bi tp ln mn Anten v Truyn sng
25
TI LIU THAM KHO
[1] Condensed and reedited from various sources, BASIC YAGI ANTENNA
DESIGN FOR THE EXPERIMENTER
[2] Nguyn Hoi Sn, ng Dng Matlab Trong Tnh Ton K Thut, NXB i
hc Quc gia Tp. HCM.
[3] Phan Anh, L Thuyt V K Thut Anten, NXB Khoa Hc V K Thut.
[4] L Tin Thng, Trn Vn S, Truyn Sng V Anten, NXB i hc Quc gia
Tp. HCM