LP C T08A_ n Mch in T

Mch Khuch i Cng Sut

LI NI U
Ngnh in t l mt trong nhng ngnh quan trng gp phn vo s pht trin ca t nc. s pht trin nhanh chng ca Khoa hc Cng ngh lm cho ngnh in t ngy cng pht trin v t c nhiu thnh tu mi. Nhu cu ca con ngi ngy cng cao l iu kin thun li cho ngnh in t phi khng ngng pht minh ra cc sn phm mi c tnh ng dng cao, cc sn phm c tnh nng, c bn v n nh ngy cng cao Nhng mt iu c bn l cc sn phm u bt ngun t nhng linh kin: R, L, C, Diode, BJT, FET m nn tng l in t tng t. C th ni,Mch Khuch i m Thanh l mt trong nhng sn phm to nn tng pht trin ca nhng sn phm in T phc v cho nhu cu ca con ngi. Sau hn mt nm hoc, vi s tch ly kin thc ca cc mn hc: Vt Liu Linh Kin in T, Mch in T 1 v 2 m bo cho chng em c th phn tch v thit k mt mch Khuch i Cng Sut m Tn. Hin nay, trong nc c rt nhiu My Khuch i m Thanh trn th trng, m tng khuch i cng sut c thit k vi cc dng mch nh sau: mach khuch i OTL, mch khuch i OCL, mch khuch i BCL nhng ph bin nht l loi mch khuch i OCL. Bi v dng mch ny c nhng u im v: hiu sut, h s s dng BJT(FET) cng sut, li bng thng, bin tn hiu ra chnh v th m nhm chng em chn mch khuch i cng sut OCL lm tai2cho n Mn Hc ca nhm em. Trong qu trnh thc hin n, chng em c Ths. Tng Thnh Nhn hng dn tn tnh. chnh l iu kin thun li chng em hon thnh n Mn Hc thnh cng tt p. Chng em xin trn trong cm n Ths. Tng Thnh Nhn v cc thy, c gip chng em trong thi gian qua.

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LP C T08A_ n Mch in T

Mch Khuch i Cng Sut

NHN XT CA GING VIN HNG DN

Ging vin hng dn : Sinh vin thc hin: Th.s Tng Thnh Nhn. Nguyn Thanh Ho. V V Linh. Nguyn Hng Phc.

Lp: CT08A. Tn ti: Mch Khuch i Cng Sut m Tn OCL 100W. Nhn xt ca ging vin hng dn:

TP. H Ch Minh, ngy thng 12 nm2009 Ging vin hng dn Th.s Tng Thnh Nhn

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LP C T08A_ n Mch in T CHNG 1

Mch Khuch i Cng Sut

C S L THUYT
1.1 B khuch i cng sut lp A: im l tn hiu ng ra ca BJT lun trong vng tch cc c ngha l BJT c phn cc sao cho tn hiu ng ra lun bin thin theo tn hiu ng vo. Thng im tnh Q(VCE,ICQ) c phn cc sao cho VCE=VCC/2. + u im: tn hiu ng ra bin thin 3600 theo tn hiu ng vo, tn hiu c cht lng tng i tt, t bin dng. + Khuyt im: do c phn cc ch lm vic ti u nn c tiu hao nng lng ln kt c khi khng c tn hiu ng vo, hiu sut ca mch thp thng l = 25%. V vy mch ny t c s dng. 1.2 B khuch i cng sut lp B: c im phn cc l in p VBE= 0V v vy khi tn hiu ng vo phi vt qua in p ngng V ca BJT th mi c tn hiu ng ra thng ch khuch mt bn k dng hoc m tu thuc vo loi BJT l PNP hay NPN. Mch khuch i cng sut thng c ghp dng PUSH PULL. + u im: mch khng hot ng khi khng c tn hiu nh vo, v vy tn hao nng lng rt t. + Khuyt im: tn hiu ng ra s b mo xuyn tm do tn hiu ng vo phi vt qua in p ngng V ca BJT. Hiu sut ca mch cao thng l = 50% -

78.5%.
1.3 B khuch i cng sut lp AB: c im l s ci tin nhc im meo xun tm ca lp B bng cch nng p phn cc im tnh Q sao cho nm trong vng gia lp A v lp B, mch c phn cc c VBE gn bng hoc bng V ca BJT. V vy tn hiu ng vo s c khuch i cho tn hiu ng ra hn na chu k. Mch khuch i cng sut thng c ghp dng b ph, c ngh l hai phn t BJT cng sut c cng thng soosnhuwng mt l loi PNP v mt l NPN. Neu mch c thit k dng ngun i ta gi l mch khuch i cng sut dng OCL ( Output Capactor- Less), nu dng ngun n v ng ra c t ta gi l mch khuch i cng sut dng OTL ( Output Transformer- Less). +u im: tn hiu ng ra t b mo dng hn lp B, tiu hao nng lng khi khng c tn hiu ng vo t hn lp A, hiu sut ca mch cao, h s s dng BJT cao. + Khuyt im: cn c bin p cung cp ngun i xng i vi mch OCL phi c t ng ra i vi mch OCL. 1.4 B khuch i cng sut lp C: c im l mch c phn cc cho BJT nm trong vng ngng dn su hn so vi lp B. v vy mch ch khuch i mt phn nh ca tn hiu ng vo, do mch khng ph hp khuch i tn hiu m tng, m thng c s dng khuch i cc tn hiu cao tn. Ngoi ra cn c cc b khuch i cng sut lp: D, E , F, G, H.

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LP C T08A_ n Mch in T

Mch Khuch i Cng Sut

Hnh 1: Biu din tn hiu vo ra cc lp A, B, AB, C. CHNG 2

THIT K
2.1 S khi: Tn hiu m thanh t cc thit b nh: u video, micro,u DVD l nhng tn hiu nh c bin nh: t 30mV n 775mV. Tn hiu ny c a vo mch khuch i cng sut, sau khi c khuch i thnh tn hiu c bin ln v c a ra loa. S khi ca mt mch khuch i cng sut thng c chia lm ba giai on v hi tip m: - Tng khuch i vi sai vi tn hiu nh: vi sai in p vo, cho khuch i dng ng ra. - Tng li hay tng khuch i in p: ng vo l dng in, cho khuch i in p ng ra. - Tng khuch i cng sut: l tng khuch i ng nht in p v dng in, cung cp cng sut ln cho ti( loa). - Hi tip m: gi cho mch hot ng n nh v lm gim mo tn hiu.

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LP C T08A_ n Mch in T

Mch Khuch i Cng Sut

KHUCH I VI SAI TNG LI CNG SUT KHUCH I

HI TIP M

Vo Vi

Hnh 2.1 S khi mch khuch i cng sut m tn OCL. 2.2 Mch nguyn l: Vi s khi nh trn, c th thit k bt k mt loi mch khuch i cng sut theo yu cu ca ngi tiu dng. C th trong n Mn hc mch in t ny, nhm thc hin thit k mt mch khuch i cng sut c cc yu cu sau: - Dng mch: OCL. - Cng sut ng ra: PLMax = 100W. - Bng thng: BW = 20Hz 20KHz. - Ti RL = 8ohm.

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LP C T08A_ n Mch in T

Mch Khuch i Cng Sut

Hnh 2.2: S nguyn l mch KCS m tn - OCL 2.3 S nguyn l v hot ng ca tng tng: 2.3.1 Tng cng sut: 2.3.1.1 S mch nguyn l

Hnh 2.3.1: S nguyn l tng cng sut dang PUT PULL b ph

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LP C T08A_ n Mch in T

Mch Khuch i Cng Sut

2.3.1.2 Hot ng ca mch - Khi tn hiu vo c bn k dng: + VBE tng ln nn Q8 phn cc thun dn dng vo cc B ca Q10, lm cho Q10 phn cc thun dn dng mnh t ngun + Vcc qua loa v xung Mass. + Cn Q9 phn cc nghch tt nn khng phn cc cho Q11, v vy Q11 khng rt dng. - Khi tn hiu vo c bn k m: + VBEQ9 gim xung nn Q9 c phn cc thun rt dng t cc B ca Q11, lm cho Q11 phn cc thun rt dng mnh t Mass qua loa v v -Vcc. + Cn Q8 phn cc nghch tt nn khng phn cc cho Q10. - Phn t VBIAS lm nhim v nh mc in p cho VBEQ8, VBEQ10 v VBEQ9, VBEQ11 hai cp BJT Q8, Q10 v Q9, Q11 lm vic lp AB. Phn t VBIAS c th iu chnh c cn chnh in p ti im gia ca hai BJT Q10 v Q11 bng 0V. 2.3.2 Tng li cng sut: 2.3.2.1 S nguyn l:

Hnh 2.3.2: S nguyn l tng li cng sut v phn t VBIAS nh ch hot ng lp AB cho tng KCS PUSH PULL b ph 2.3.2.2 Hot ng : - D5 v D6 to chnh lch in p 2VD phn cc cho Q6 to dng in trn cc EQ6, dng in ny c th thai i c nh bin tr R10. - R9 phn cc thun cho D5, D6 c in p ngng VD, dng qua D5, D6 l ID5,D6 ti VD.

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LP C T08A_ n Mch in T

Mch Khuch i Cng Sut

- D1, D2, D3, D4 v bin tr R11 dng to in p phn cc cho tng KCS PUSH PULL hot ng ch lp AB. - Q7 l tng khuch i tn hiu nh ch lp A, to tn hiu ng ra bin thin 360o theo tn hiu ng vo. 2.3.3 Tng tin khuch i vi sai: 2.3.3.1 S nguyn l:

Hnh 2.3.3: S nguyn l mch vi sai v phn hi tip m 2.3.3.2 Hot ng : - Tng t nh tng li, Q5 cng c phn cc to dng in c nh c th iu chnh c nh R5, v iu chnh tng cng sut cn bng hay im gia t gi tr 0V. ng thi lm tng gi tr h s nn tn hiu ng pha CMRR (common mod rejection ratio) hay cn gi l h s trit tn hiu ng pha. C ngha ngun dng Q5 s ci tin mch vi sai thnh l tng vi h c CMRR = . - Q1 v Q4 l cp BJT ging nhau, c ghp thnh mch khuch i Visai. C nhm v khuch i tn hiu Visai gia tn hiu ng vo v tn hiu hi tip m NFP (Negateve feedback), gi cho ton mch hot ng n nh theo h s Avf nht nh. - Q2 v Q3 l cp BJT ging nhau, c ghp thnh b gng dng in c nhim v gi cho dng in Ic ca Q1 v Q4 lun c cn bng ch DC, im li l to tr

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LP C T08A_ n Mch in T

Mch Khuch i Cng Sut

khng ln t cc C ca Q2 khi ch AC m bo tn hiu ng ra ca mch Visai c a hon ton n tng li Q7. - T C1l t lin lc, ngn dng DC ng thi xc nh tn s ct thp fL cho ng vo. -T C2 c g tr ln c th ngn mch ch AC to cu phn p tten6 cc B ca Q4 khi c in p hi tip. - R7 v R8 xc lp li in p khi c hi tip Avf. Ring Q8 khi ch DC lm nhim v phn cc cho Q4. - R3 v R6 phn cc cho Q1, Q4 ng thi xc lp VBEQ7 phn cc cho Q7 tng l cng sut v xc nh t s dng in cho b gng dng Q2, Q3. - R2 v R4 c tr s bng nhau, n nh Q1, Q4 ng thi trit tn hiu tn s cao ch AC. - R1 phn cc cho Q1 ch DC. o Mt s linh kin c bit trong mch:

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LP C T08A_ n Mch in T

Mch Khuch i Cng Sut

CHNG 3

THI CNG
3.1 M phng bng Pspice: 3.1.1 M phng phn cc BIAS POINT: Gi s ta thit lp gi tr phn cc cho cc bin tr nh sau: R5= 500, R10=1K, R11=1K.

Hnh 3.1.1 M phng phn cc BIAS POINT 3.1.2 M phng ch AC: Cho Vin =1V, tn s bt u l 1Hz, tn s kt thc l 1MHz.

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LP C T08A_ n Mch in T

Mch Khuch i Cng Sut

Hnh 3.1.2 M phng phn cc AC. Ng ra sau khi c khuch i c hi tip c bin 43.5V, c bng thng BW = 300Hz kt qu ny sai lch qu ln so v kt qu mong mun. nu ta thay i gi tr ca t C2= 47uF v C3= 1nF. Ta c kt qu nh sau:

y chnh l bng thng m ta cn. 3.1.3 M phng min thi gian: Cho bin Vin = 1V, tn s l 20Hz.

Hnh 3.1.3 M phng min thi gian. Ta thy bin ca tn hiu ra b mo, y l hin tng h s khuch i qu ln. nu tng gi tr R7=1 th ta c kt qu sau:

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LP C T08A_ n Mch in T

Mch Khuch i Cng Sut

Nh vy, bin ca ta c ci thin khng cn b mo na, kt qu cho thy h s Avf ca ton mch ph thuc vo R7 v R8. Ta c kt qu gia tn hiu vo v tn hiu ra nh sau:

3.2 Mch in vi layout plus:

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LP C T08A_ n Mch in T CHNG 4

Mch Khuch i Cng Sut

KT LUN

4.1 Nhng kt qu t c: Qua hn hai thng mit mi lm vic, vi s hng dn tn tnh ca Thy Tng Thnh Nhn v nhng thy c khoa in t-Tin hc, nhm chng em t c nhng kt qu sau: - Thit k v ch to c mch khuch i cng sut m tng OCL- 100W c kh nng s dng rng ri. - t c nhng mc tiu v yu cu ban u. - Vn dng c nhiu kin thc v khuch i cng sut trong qu trnh thi cng. - Tm hiu c nhiu mu c th s dng sau ny. - Tham kho c nhiu tng hay, c nhiu sng to trong thit k. - Kh nng tm ti liu trn mng. - Kh nng lm vic theo nhm. 4.2 Nhng thun li v kh khn khi thc hin ti: 4.2.1 Thun li: - Nh nhng trang thit b ca nh trng, to iu kin thun li cho nhm trong qu trnh tm kim ti liu trn mng, cng nh trong qu trnh thit k v thi cng. - c s hng dn tn tnh ca Thy Tng Thnh Nhn v nhng thy c khoa in t-Tin hc trong sut thi gian qua. 4.2.2 Kh khn: - Thi gian thc hin ti c gii hn. - Nhm gp nhiu kh khn trong vic tm ti liu (kh nng s dng ting Anh ca nhm cn hn ch vi nhng ti liu nc ngoi). - Mt nhiu th gian trong qu trnh thit k do phi la chn nhiu phng n nhm p ng yu cu ra ban u.

TI LIU THAM KHO

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LP C T08A_ n Mch in T

Mch Khuch i Cng Sut

1. Mch in t 1. tc gi L Tin Thng. nh xut bn i hc Quc gia thnh ph H Ch Minh. 2. Mch in t 2,tc gi L Tin Thng. nh xut bn i hc Quc gia thnh ph H Ch Minh. * Cc trang web: http://www.elecfree.com/ http://www.alldatasheet.com/ http://www.datasheetcatalog.com/ http://users.otenet.gr/~athsam/index.htm http://www.tehnomagazin.com/index.htm http://www.circuits-lab.com/?tag=power-amplifier http://dientuvietnam.net http://www.electronics-lab.com/index.html http://www.google.com

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