CU HI N THI 12 dimensions: - ng x - quan h vi mi trng t nhin (how we relate to nature): controlling nature or letting it take its course - Uncertainty

y avoidance; UA: low/ high; trnh s bt nh, tnh cn trng - Power distance. PDI: khong cch quyn lc, tnh tn ti - Individualism collectivisim communitariansim: ch ngha c nhn ch ngha cng ng. - Relationship rules: universalistic vs particularistic; bn phn (obligation): trng gi tr chung v trng gi tr ring. - Deal (transaction); focus vs relationship focus - How far we get involved: specific vs diffuse cultures (s ring t trong cc mi quan h); privacy in relationships: tch bch/ nhp nhng - Feelings and relationships; affective vs neutral (khuynh hng biu l xc cm trong cc mi quan h: emotional orientation in relationship: cao/ thp) - How we accord status: chng ta chp nhn a v nh th no; quyn th v a v do t to hay do tha hng, ban tng, quy gn (source of power and status); achievement/ ascription - Masculinity feminity (mas fe): x hi dng tnh x hi m tnh, nam tnh n tnh - nh hng di hn ngn hn: m hnh ca Michael Harris Bond, cc gi tr ca Trung Quc CVS - How we manage time. Monochromic vs polychromic, sequential vs sychronical, lieaner vs cyclic: cch qun l time. 1. Gi tr l g? Gi tr c chia s (shared values) l g? Cho v d? Th no l cc gi nh ngm (basic underlying assumptions)? Th no l lp trnh tm thc? Cho v d? - Gi tr:ci ng, ci hp l, ci p, ci hu ch, ci ng c ao c bi mt cng ng. VD: ch hiu - Gi tr c chia s (share values) l nhng gi tr chung c ton th cc thnh vin trong cng ng cng ng thun, nht tr mt lin tng, quan nim, phm cht m ngi ta cao v chia s cho nhau. VD: truyn thng tn s trng o c u c trong trng hc - Cc gi nh ngm (basic underlying assumptions) l nhng g c ci t vo tm thc nhng chm vo v thc m vn mc nh, iu chnh hnh vi ca con ngi. La nhng nen mong, la xng song, la ci r cua cac hanh vi ng x va cua lp be mat bao gom. Nhng gia nh c s hay niem tin nay bao gom: nhan thc, t duy va anh gia cua ca nhan ve the gii, ve moi trng ben ngoai va ve moi quan he gia ngi va ngi trong xa hoi. Vd: Quan nim v thi gian(time) Quan nim v ci xc nh s tht (truth) chn l: (duy l hay duy cm; trng tnh hay trng l) s liu, d kin, cng c nh lng hay trit l chung chung , cm tnh Thi i vi s thay i (change) Quan nim v mc quan trng ca cp bc, tn ti trt t (hierarchy, equality, egalitarianism) Mc u tin gia c nhn v nhm (individualism oriented & group oriented) 2. Hy trnh by nhng tiu cc c kh nng xy ra trong qun tr doanh nghip pht xut t tnh cng ng v tnh t tr lng x ca vn ha Vit Nam truyn thng. Hy th xut mt vi cch thc khc phc? Cong ong la mot tap the gom nhng thanh vien gan vi nhau bang nhng gia tr chung. Cong ong co mot s co ket noi tai khong phai do nhng nguyen tac ro rang, nhng luat phap thanh van ma do nhng lien ket sau hn nh huyet thong, truyen thong Hai ac iem ln quyet nh tnh cach va tam ly cua ngi Viet

Nam: - Tnh cong ong: (communitarianism). - Tnh t tr lang xa: (village autonomy) Mat tieu cc cua tnh cong ong. Y thc con ngi ca nhan b thu tieu. Cai tot ch la tng oi: [Nhan vien khong dam ngc lai y kien tap the. Hop chnh thc khong phan oi nhng sau o ban tan, bnh luan] oi x bnh quan, co bng cho ai cung nh mnh. Ganh t, o k, khong thch ai hn mnh Da dam, y lai: cha chung khng ai khc un ay trach nhiem. [xa hoi we]: khng ch ra ai l ngi chu trch nhim Thc chat cua chu ngha tap the va truyen thong lanh ao tap the ch la dan chu hnh thc, theo kieu cao bang, tranh ne trach nhiem ca nhan, ha c lng khi co s co, khong co ngi chu trach nhiem. Nhieu cuoc hop trong cac doanh nghiep thng lan man, khong co trong iem, t cu the, thiet thc. Hoi thao lien mien nhng phan nhieu ch co hoi ma khong co thao, ngi tham d khong dam noi len suy ngh, chnh kien cua mnh. Tnh cng ng trong ng x x hi theo cp s cng theo kiu ai sao ti vy. Nhieu doanh nghiep khuyen khch nhan vien noi thang, noi that nhng khi nhan vien gop y thang than th lai tm cach gay kho de, tru dap. Khi c hoi nhan vien lam viec v li ch cua ban than hay tap the th co en 61 % tra li v li ch tap the. Nhng khi c hoi theo ban nang lc ca nhan boc lo tot nhat khi nao th 66 % tra li la khi lam viec mot cach oc lap va lam mot mnh de hn lam vi ngi khac thay v cau tra li phai lam lam viec nhom. Mun tn ti v pht trin th c nhn phi ha mnh vi cng ng, c gng n trnh, khng lm mt lng cc thnh vin khc nht l ngi c th lc. Cau an, (pacifist) ca ne, rut day ong rng. Bang mat khong bang long D hoa vi quy Thieu tnh chu ong trong cong viec. Mat tieu cc cua tnh t tr lang xa - Phep vua thua le lang. - Sinh ra ch ky, t li, vun ven li ch rieng cho thy tnh cht khp kn, t tr, tnh ch k, b phi, cc b t duy lng x, tm nhn thin cn - Cuc bo (provincialism), be phai (factionalism) thieu tnh ket oan, tru dap nn kinh doanh mang tm l tiu nng, mnh ai ny lm, chp git, min l c li nhun lm yu i sc mnh doanh nghip, nn kinh t. Biu hin ca tnh cc b: Cn b lnh o suy ngh cn nhc c li cho a phng, dng h T duy lng x: coi trng l hn lut, ph by hnh thc, khng coi trng ni dung, tha mn vi kt qu, khng so snh xa hn m ch vi lng khc. C quan cng quyn b tr bt cn c theo l lch Trong quan h, trng tnh, duy cm hn trng l, thng tn php lut cho thy s khng r rng, tch bch trong quan h i vi x hi vi nhau - Ngn tr thu ht nhn ti: khng bit ngh ln, khng dm lm ln, s thuyn to sng ln, iu cm k i vi con ngi trong kinh doanh l khng c n trnh vn , khng c chn bc

trc kh khn, khng c ph nhn hay s hi tht bi. - Tng than tng ai, y thc dan toc kem. V tm nhn hn hp nn trong kinh doanh ngi Vit ch thy ci cng ng ng nh ca mnh m qun i cng ng ln l li ch quc gia Nhan xet ve nhc iem cua ngi Viet - ac trng quan trong nhat cua ngi Viet thi hoi nhap la: thieu y thc cong dan. - Ngi Viet rat trong the dien = trong danh d the hien trong giao tiep: - Xu hng anh gia con ngi da tren nang lc giao tiep. - Benh s dien: t i vt The hien cua benh s dien am ong: - Song va hanh ong khac vi mnh, oi khi gi to vi chnh mnh, xem nh thc cht, ni dung. - V trong danh d va the dien nen ngi Viet rat s tin on. - Ch h then khi - Ch thy ci th din ca c nhn/ cng ng nh b ca mnh m l ra phi tm nim ci th din ln nht l quc th - Tong ket iem tch va tieu cc cua tnh cong ong va t tr lang xa VN Cai tot cai xau c i tng cap eu ton tai ngi VN. Khi ng trc nhng nguy c e doa s song con cua cong ong th cai noi len la tinh than oan ket, tnh tap the nhng khi nguy c i qua th thoi t hu va oc be phai a phng co the noi len. xut cch khc phc: - T duy rng hn, vt qua khi lng x to nn nhng chun mc gi tr quc t m rng mi quan h ton cu v hi nhp quc t. - Phi g b tnh cc b - Nng cao nhn thc thng tn php lut - Pht huy tinh thn qun php bt v thn - Thay tiu ch hnh thc bng ni dung - im mu cht ca chin lc pht trin con ngi l thay t duy lng x bng t duy quc gia, quc t tc ng trc tip n nhn thc tui tr, thay i h thng gi tr ph hp t duy phm vi ton cu. 3. Hy gii thch cp dimension sau: universalistic- particularistic. Trnh by nhng tiu cc c kh nng xy ra trong qun tr doanh nghip VN xut pht t nn vn ha particularistic? xut vi cch khc phc? Bon phan: (obligation): Trong gia tr chung va trong gia tr rieng. V du: Ngi ban vi pham luat giao thong chay qua toc o cho phep va gay tai nan. Trc toa ban co the noi s that rang ban mnh vi pham luat (universalistic) hay la benh vc ban bang cach noi ban khong vi pham (particularistic) nh ngha: the universailist approach is roughly: What is good and right can be defined and always applied (In particularist cultures far greater attention is given to the obligations of relationships and unique circumstances.) Co nen van hoa trong gia tr chung: tc ng dung luat le, nguyen tac hoan toan khach quan theo kieu quan phap bat v than. Ngc lai, co nen van hoa trong gia tr rieng phep vua thua le

lang. V o la he qua cua trong quan he trong tnh cong ong! Phap tr (legalism). - San sang kien tung ra luat phap. Khong ne nang. - Trong phap: quan phap bat - Trong the: dung chc vu e quan ly - Trong thuat: dung tai nghe, kheo leo, thuat e luon lach c tr (rule of virtue): Ch tn lam au. D hoa vi qu, tranh mat mat nhau, dan xep tnh cam la quan trong. Bieu hien cua TRONG LY, duy ly (head focused). - Phan ng thien ve ung sai, phai trai - Quyet nh co tnh chat ly tnh: da tren so lieu thong ke cua khao sat thc te va th trng. - Chan ly thc nghiem. - nh lng, hnh thc - Khach quan. Bieu hien cua TRONG TNH, duy cam ( heart focused). - Phan ng thien ve nen hay khong nen, hoac hay d; tot hay xau - Cac quyet nh da nhieu vao trc giac va cam tnh, t ton trong cac d lieu khach quan cua cac con so thong ke. - Chan ly t kinh nghiem - nh tnh, noi dung. - Chu quan BIEU HIEN TRONG TNH CUA NGI VIET - Trong tnh, duy cam: Ngi Viet lay yeu ghet lam nguyen tac ng x: thng nhau tri u cng trn, bng mt khng bng lng, d ha vi qu. Do o s on nh oan ket trong tap the co tnh gia tao, mong manh gng ep, v bang mat khong bang long - V trong tnh ngha nen thch ghi n va ban n (cac loai thay khac nhau). - V tnh cong ong va trong quan he tnh cam trong giao tiep nen ngi Viet thay trach nhiem phai quan tam en ngi khac, phai biet hoan canh, phai biet thong tin ngi khac cac cau hoi co tnh rieng t, cach xng ho. - V trong tnh nen trong giao tiep ngi Viet thng te nh, y t, hoa thuan tranh mat long. Do o: Tranh noi thang ma vong vo (indirectness). an o can nhac ky khi noi: un li by ln trc khi ni Noi giam: cu a khuat, theo ong ba. - V s mat long nen an o, can nhac dan en : S thieu quyet oan. t khi tra li khong, thieu trung thc. e gi s hoa thuan, khoi mat long nen ngi Viet hay ci. Trong hoa thuan nen hay nhng nhn: Mot cau nhn bang chn cau lanh - Nhan xet ve trong tnh cua ngi Viet: Trong tnh la an co tnh ch khong phai lang man, chong qua t at. - Trong tnh + t duy tong hp, bien chng = Loi song linh hoat - Ngi Viet co loi song linh hoat: - Nep song linh hoat, tuy c ng bien giup de thch nghi vi moi

trng. - Mat trai la: thoi quen tuy tien, co gian gi giac, thay oi lch lam viec, thay oi ieu khoan hp ong la kha pho bien. - Nghiem trong hn la y thc coi thng phap luat: giao thong; tron thue 4. Gii thch c trng ca vn ha trng deal v vn ha trng relationship? Nhng biu hin c th ca vn ha trng relationship trong qun tr doanh nghip Vit Nam hin nay? - Cac khac biet van hoa Van hoa trong gia tr chung. 1. Tap trung vao luat le nhieu hn la cac moi quan he. 2. Cac ban hp ong hp phap c soan thao san sang. 3. Ngi ang tin cay la ngi honours ton trong li noi hay hp ong cua anh ta. 4. Ch co mot s that, mot chan ly (truth reality) la cai a c thoa thuan. 5. Thoa thuan la thoa thuan, kinh doanh la kinh doanh a deal is a deal Van hoa trong gia tr rieng. 1. Tap trung nhieu vao quan he hn la luat le (phep vua thua le lang, nhat than nh the ). 2. Cac ban hp ong hp phap san sang c chnh sa 3. Ngi ang tin cay la ngi ton trong s phu thuoc lan nhau ang thay oi (changing mutualities). 4. Co mot so kha canh lien quan en s that tuy thuoc vao tng ngi tham gia relative to each participants. 5. Cac moi quan he phat trien (relationships evolve) Deal vs relationship focus nh ngha: mc o quan trong ma cac xa hoi quan niem ve cac moi quan he rong rai va s tin cay lan nhau can thiet phai co nh la mot ieu kien tien quyet e lam an vi cac oi tac. Mot so quoc gia th xem viec tao lap moi quan he la tien e can thiet e lam an v trc het phai xay dng s tin cay lan nhau. Nhng moi quan he c xay dng phat trien cham chap nhng vng chac, oi khi truyen t the he nay sang the he khac. Do o, viec tiep ai va nhng hoat ong ngoai giao khac la can thiet. Van hoa deal (transaction) quen nhau nhanh chong, hi ht tren be mat Van hoa kinh doanh trong quan he cua ngi Viet - Doanh nghiep Viet Nam trong quan he va da vao quan he quen biet trong kinh doanh. - Ho xem quan he giao tiep rong, nhat la vi c quan cong quyen la ieu kien thuan li cho hoat ong kinh doanh. - Xoay s vat va nhat oi vi doanh nhan khong phai la trong quan he giao dch tren thng trng ma la trong quan h vi cac c quan quan ly nha nc. Quan h rng khi quan trong hn nang lc. - Ho xem au t cho quan he vi c quan cong quyen cung la mot cach t bo him cho doanh nghiep khi co s co. Nhat than nh the. - Cuoc ieu tra xa hoi hoc TP.HCM nam 2003 cho thay co ti 41 % ngi c hoi ong y vi quan iem: trong kinh doanh , khong

biet nh va, chay chot th khong lam g c het. Ngi ta cho rang, ngay nay, hau nh chuyen g ngi ta cung phai chay, t Chay trng, im; Chay cho lm; Chay giy t. Quota; Chay n; Chay hoc hnh, hc v; Chay chc tc Chuyen chay chot luon i oi vi nan hoi lo va voi vnh cua cong chc. Cuoc chien quyen lc: quyen & li va chu ngha c hoi? - Do vay, khong nen voi va quy chup cho rang doanh nhan thch hay quen vi chay chot. Thc ra, nan chay chot co nguon goc xa hoi la c che xin cho, cua nen hanh chanh nhieu khe, bat cap va cua s quan lieu, thoai hoa cua khong t ay t nhan dan - Muon doanh nghiep kinh doanh co van hoa th trc het oi hoi c quan cong quyen cung phai co van hoa trong giao tiep vi doanh nghiep. - Quan he - niem tin va ng x Van hoa quan he thap. - Cac quan he kinh doanh co the ch ton tai trong thi gian ngan. - Toc o nhanh, s tin cay khong phai la ieu kien tien quyet. - Hp ong c bao ve trc het bang phap luat. Van hoa quan he cao. - Tnh ban, cac moi quan he ton tai lau dai. - Long tin la ieu kien tien quyet ban au va ve sau. - Nh en phap luat ch la phu trong cac cam ket. - ien thoai va fax cung u cho cac tng tac kinh doanh. Ch nhng quyet nh cao cap mi gap trc dien. - Noi chuyen eu tap trung vao cong viec. Lam quen vi ngi khac la khong can thiet. - Quan he rat nhanh va hi ht, de v. - Luon thch co nhng cuoc gap trc dien. - Can chng to la mnh quan tam en ca cac van e ca nhan, khong phai ch quan tam en thanh cong cua kinh doanh, li nhuan. - Mat thi gian e co quan he, khong b anh hng bi thi va khong gian. ng x xuyen van hoa Relationship sang Deal. - ng hy vong cac moi quan he la can thiet cho kinh doanh va cac thoa thuan kinh doanh khong lau dai. - Quyet nh co lam an hay khong phu thuoc vao cac van e tai chnh va moi trng.. Deal sang relationship. - Hay ben ch thiet lap moi quan he tin cay lam cha khoa cho s thanh cong trong kinh doanh. - Can mi oi tac cac hoat ong chieu ai, xa giao. Relationship sang Deal. - Tap trung vao cong viec, t ban ve nhng chuyen ben le khac v xem o la vo ch. - Lam viec tan tuy va kha nang hoa nhap vao moi trng kinh doanh la 2 yeu to c ban giup ban thiet lap cac moi quan he

vi ong nghiep. Deal sang relationship. - Neu i thang vao ban luan ve kinh doanh b xem la nong can. Nen ban ve nhng van e nh lch s, van hoa, gia nh. - Khi en mot ni mi nen thiet lap quan he vi ong nghiep va cap di. Thao luan ni lam viec, cho an tra hay trong cac hoat ong ngoai gi se giup cho cong viec tien trien hn Vn dng trong kinh doanh quc t Hp ng: - Doanh nhan nen van hoa trong gia tr rieng (trong tnh) muon bien ban hp ong cang m ho cang tot va co the phan oi nhng ieu khoan troi chat ho. - Neu buoc co nhng ieu troi chat ve phap ly nh iu khon pht, ho se ngh rang ho a b oi tac t tin cay (trust) va gay t ai ho (offend). - oi vi ho s dien va moi quan he la quan trong hn va rat can thiet e tiep tuc kinh doanh lau dai. Tnh toan thi gian cho mot chuyen kinh doanh (timing a business trip). - Nhng doanh nhan van hoa trong gia tr rieng cho rang thi gian c s dung cho viec tao lap moi quan he, tang o gan gui than mat hieu biet lan nhau khong vo ch ma co vai tro nh la khoang thi gian tiet kiem c e tranh khoi nhng rac roi trong tng lai - Do o can thiet phai e ra thi gian dai hn thng la gap oi so vi bnh thng e xay dng moi quan he trc khi co quan he lam an that s. anh gia cong viec va khen thng: (job evaluation and reward) - quoc gia co kieu van hoa trong gia tr chung theo trnh t mo ta cong viec cho moi v tr va can nhac cho thang tien oi vi nhng ai a hoan thanh cong viec xet theo cac tieu ch a cong bo. - Ngc lai, nhng quoc gia co van hoa trong gia tr rieng thng lam ngc lai tc la, chon theo cam tnh, cam tnh va sau o th mi yeu cau cac ca nhan ay viet bao cao, viet bang mo ta va anh gia cong viec. (con ngi trc c cau sau) - Khong xem viec vao e thang ve kinh doanh (get down to business) la thai o khiem nha - ng nen xem thai o (get to know) lam quen xay dng quan he la nhng chuyen v vn 5. Hy gii thch cp dimension sau: specific-diffuse. Trnh by nhng tiu cc c kh nng xy ra trong qun tr doanh nghip xut pht t nn vn ha diffuse? xut vi cch khc phc? Khai niem: Trong van hoa specific ong giam oc tach bach, cach ly (segregates out) moi quan he gia nhiem vu cua ong ta va cach ly no (insulate) khoi nhng cong viec kinh doanh hay nhng quan he khac. Tuy co nhng ngoai le la mot nc nao o va thuoc ca 2 khuynh hng, cac nc co s tach bach, rach roi gia cuoc song rieng,

nhng van e ca nhan, cac moi quan he vi cong viec business is business; Ngc lai co nen van hoa nhap nhang gia nhng th nay. van hoa diffuse: Giam oc ieu hanh va cach nau nng, s thch ve trang phuc cua ong, cac quan niem gia tr cua ong vi t cach la mot cong dan se tham thau, tham nhap qua cach ch ao cua ong ta va ong ta ky vong cap di nghe theo. Tach bach gia quan he va kinh doanh, business is business; khong can co moi quan he trc van co the kinh doanh. Tranh thue mn ngi quen Nhap nhang gia kinh doanh va moi quan he Ton trong moi quan he: Can phai tao lap quan he vi khach hang trc khi co quan he kinh doanh va lam cho kinh doanh thuan tien hn Thue mn ngi trong gia nh, ngi quen. Nhap nhang gia kinh doanh va moi quan he Ton trong moi quan he: Can phai tao lap quan he vi khach hang trc khi co quan he kinh doanh va lam cho kinh doanh thuan tien hn Thue mn ngi trong gia nh, ngi quen. H qu xu VN: - Nhp nhng ca cng ca t - X nghip sn sau - Li dng chc quyn - V con m i l Mat mat: losing face. Trong van hoa specific ngi ta tach bach gia s rieng t vi i song cong ong (public life) nen ho rat t do trong nhng phat bieu thang thang, trc tiep. Cau ngan ng: do not take this personally. Gop y, phe bnh rat de tr thanh chuyen ca nhan va t ai ca nhan gay mat oan ket. Ngi trong van hoa diffuse rat de take things personally Nhng bieu hien trong am phan. Trong van hoa diffuse moi th eu co quan he vi nhau. oi tac muon biet ban hoc trng nao; ban cua ban la ai; ban ngh g ve cuoc song; ve chnh tr, nghe thuat va am nhac Ho ngh qua nhng th ay oi tac se boc lo tnh cach va tao dng moi quan he ban be. Nhng khac biet gia D- S Specificity: - Trc tiep, the hien ro muc ch trong quan he. - Chnh xac, thang thng, dt khoat va minh bach - Cac nguyen tac ao c nhat quan oc lap, tach bach vi ngi c noi en. Diffuseness: - Gian tiep, long vong, co ve khong co muc ch trong quan he. - Hay lan tranh, te nh, m ho tham ch khong ro rang. - Nguyen tac ao c phu thuoc nhieu vao tnh huong, vao ngi va hoan canh. - B quyet kinh doanh vi Specific-oriented (cho ngi diffuse). - Nghien cu cac muc tieu, nguyen tac va muc ch cua cong ty

ma ban lam an - Nhanh chong va co hieu qua. - Sap xep buoi hop co lch trnh thi gian ngh. - Khong s dung cac chc danh (titles) khong lien quan en van e c thao luan. Diffuseness. - Nghin cu lch s, hon cnh v vin cnh ca t chc diffuse m bn c quan h lm n. - Kin nhn v nh rng c nhiu con ng dn ti Roma. - C cho bui hp tri i. ng nng lng v tin . - Tn trng chc v, tui tc, cc mi quan h cho d vn tho lun khng lin quan n nhng vn ni trn. 6. Hy trnh by 3 tng (3 levels) ca cu trc vn ha t chc? Ti sao ni vn ha doanh nghip l c hnh? Bn rt ra c g t nhn nh ny?
Hh n:

C a h a m o u v o c ca n a c
L vls fc lt r ee o u ue C a tu vu tn hh h a c r aqy r h n c u c u ( is le r aiz t nl sr cue ad V ib ogn a a tut r s n io p c se)(hr t dc hr. r es s ado eipe) o S m g , t nn , g t c lo , c ie a n a m h ia r o t h i n l , m c u t , tie ly . c ie u r t (ms nv io,c r vlus sr t g s isio, is n oe a e, ta ie, e ga ,pilooh s ols h s pie. ) N t m nie t na m ie in a h h h o m c n c a n t c v ,na t ,ynh t h a ah ot h h n c c hc n c g, m Nug a x c ia r va h o g go o s a u g ah n c u a t n n ( nosio s rt k n U c nc u o ae pr et n,t o gt ,f e g) ec p s huh elins io s -f r -g n d e f , o r t blies ae

T t h h a a h o c un a i at rfc t s

C g t a c i a r c t t ah a h n n Epu d a e sos vl s e u

N g ia h h g n n c s un ie a qa n , mn B s udr in aic nely g as mio s su p n t

Lp ngoai cung hay lp th 1: ay la tang cac bieu hien be noi, la nhng qua trnh hay cau truc hu hnh hay con c goi la cac to tc cua doanh nghiep (artifacts) bao gom: - San pham, oan xe, ni au - Kien truc cong s hay doanh xe. nghiep , - Logo, bieu tng. - Cac quy che lam viec, - Khau hieu. - Cach bai tr khong gian lam - Mau sac, viec, - Ngon ng, tieng long ac - Tai lieu giao dch cua cong ty, thu cua to chc. Ex: ngon ng va tieng long ac thu cua Microsoft tao nen mot nen van hoa cua nhng ca tnh: Dogfood: ch phan mem b loi Bau khong kh xa hoi, vat chat va tam ly: (climate): nhng cam nhan c truyen i, lan toa trong to chc thong qua cac phng tien hu hnh va qua cach thc ma cac thanh vien cua to chc tng tac vi nhau, vi khach hang va vi ngi ngoai. [xem nen van hoa khuon vien ai hoc (Microsoft campus) va van hoa dung th nhng hanh vi lap d]

Tn ieu (credo): Ex: Johnson & Johnson: We believe our first responsibility is to the doctors, nurses and patients, to mothers and fathers Chung ta cho rang trach nhiem au tien cua chung ta la oi vi cac bac sy, y ta va benh nhan, cac bac cha me va tat ca nhng ngi s dung san pham va dch vu cua chung ta. e ap ng va thoa man nhng nhu cau cua ho moi th chung ta san xuat phai co chat lng cao, chung ta phai no lc lien tuc e giam chi ph san xuat e duy tr gia san pham mc hp ly. Nhng yeu cau cua khach hang phai c phuc vu nhanh chong va chnh xac. Nhng nha cung cap va phan phoi cua chung ta phai co c hoi e kiem c li nhuan hp ly - Cach bieu lo tnh cam (Emotion display) ong phuc, Bang ten: Niem t hao va y thc trach nhiem Bai hat: tac dung gi nen niem t hao cho nhan vien. C, lch, danh thiep, van phong pham Tap sach gii thieu san pham Cac quy nh ve hanh vi ng x hay phong tuc, tap quan kinh doanh, [Mo thc hanh vi ng x co the c goi bang nhieu ten nh: tap quan, thoi quen, tap tuc, phong tuc, tuc le la san pham cua cong ong c truyen t the he nay sang the he khac, bao am cho cac ng x cua cac thanh vien cong ong hoi tu vi nhau tao ra nep song chung on nh. V d: Mai Linh quy nh ve hanh vi c x 5. ieu tuyen the khi gia nhap gia nh Mai Linh: - oi vi cong viec: phai tan - oi vi gia nh: thng yeu, tuy, sang tao. trach nhiem. - oi vi ong nghiep: than - oi vi cong ty: trung thanh. tnh giup - Cac nghi thc: (rituals): V du: - Tap the duc buoi sang va ho khau hieu cua cac cong ty Han Quoc. - Cung khai trng - Ngay hoi truyen thong. - Le ong tho - Cung to nghe. - Nghi le (ceromony) cac hoat ong van hoa, sinh hoat van hoa: Le tang thng, ton vinh; le tong ket cuoi nam, le tiep nhan nhan vien mi hoac tien ngi ve hu Co the gom thanh 3 loai hnh: - Chuyen giao: le gii thieu ngi mi nham chc; ngi mi en rat trnh trong; le tien ngi ve cap tren hoac ve hu. - Cung co ong vien: le phat thng nham tac dung cung co cac yeu to hnh thanh nen ban sac cong ty va vinh danh v the cua thanh vien. - Nhac nh: sinh hoat van hoa; chuyen mon khoa hoc: tac dung tang cng nang lc tac nghiep cua to chc.

Lien ket: le hoi lien hoan; te: tac dung: khch le, chia se tnh cam va s cam thong nham gan bo cac thanh vien vi nhau va vi to chc: - Nhng ieu cam k ( organizational taboos) - Nhng cam ket. - Cac truyen thuyet, giai thoai (Organizational heroes); (organizational myths & story): Lu y ac biet Theo Edgar Schein: - Nhng yeu to tren la biu hin cua van hoa to chc ch ban than chung cha phai la van hoa to chc. - Van hoa to chc bao gom nhng chuan mc, cac gia tr, cac mo thc hanh vi, nghi thc, truyen thong co tnh sau sc, on nh va c chia s (not only shared but deep and stable) bi cac thanh vien cua nhom. - Deep means less conscious, less tangible and less visible Lp th hai: (lp trung gian) la nhng gia tr c tan thanh (espoused values) 1. S mang: mision. Ly do ton tai, le song, ta em lai cho ai cai g. Ex: The mission of the University of Cambridge is to contribute to society through the pursuit of education, learning, and research at the highest international levels of excellence. V du ve ban tuyen bo s menh Matsushita: Hien dang mnh cho s phat trien hn na cua nen van minh the gii Nhan xet ve lp th hai NX1. Ve vai tro: Cac gia tr cot loi nay tao thanh o hay c tin cua doanh nghiep. ao hay he gia tr cot loi ch ra hng i, le song hay ly do ton tai cua doanh nghiep. Chung co vai tro hng moi thanh vien cua doanh nghiep theo moat mc tiu chung va o la c s, nen tang cua ao c kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep NX2: Ban chat cua van e gia tr c chia se chnh la van e con ngi ca c ch qun tr. Con ngi co c tnh, co hn va ong lc ch khong phai la co may theo Taylorism. Neu khong co ban sac th doanh nghiep ch la ni tap hp n thuan cua cac quy che, ky luat. Neu khong giai quyet nhng van e ve phn hn lien quan en con ngi co hon, co ca tnh va ong lc th se lam ui mu kha nang phat trien va sang tao cua doanh nghiep. NX 3: Neu c cau cua moi to chc noi chung va cua moi doanh nghiep noi rieng anh mat cu canh cua no (ong lc vat chat va tinh than) e tao ieu kien cho ho ong gop het sc mnh cho cong viec th: Con ngi se i tm ni khc ma no can ni khac ch khong doanh nghiep. Thi gian doanh nghiep ch la thi gian kiem cm can thiet, con ngi mu i; v hn, v cm, ch het gi, chan ngoai dai hn chan trong.
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Ngc lai se chien au het mnh cho ly tng NX 4: Cac ga tr c chia se (shared values) gan lien vi leadership: oi ngu lanh ao, ng loi lanh ao, cac chu trng trong lanh ao quan ly doanh nghiep. oi hoi lanh ao phai gng mau thc hien cac gia tr c e cao va chia se. Cac quan iem nay b anh hng bi van hoa quoc gia Ex: phng Tay: con ngi kiem soat moi trng va ban than mnh (control over the environment) Phng ong: chu ngha so menh (fatalism) V du ve cac quan niem an, niem tin cot loi - Quan niem ve thi gian (time) - Quan niem ve cai xac nh s that (truth) chan ly: (duy ly hay duy cam; trong tnh hay trong ly) so lieu, d kien, cong cu nh lng hay triet ly chung chung, cam tnh - Thai o oi vi s thay oi (change) - Quan niem ve mc o quan trong cua cap bac, ton ti trat t (hierarchy; equality, egalitarianism) - Mc o u tien gia ca nhan va nhom..(individualism oriented & group oriented) Nhan xet ve 3 lp vhdn Do van hoa doanh nghiep co nhieu lp hay tang nac nh the cho nen, e xay dng van hoa doanh nghiep khong nen ch dng lai nhng bieu hien be noi: cac tuyen bo s menh, tam nhn, logo, khau hieu, ong phuc, bai hat hay nhng nguyen tac ng x ma hn the na, can thiet phai i vo thc cht, nhng bieu hien chieu sau. Neu doanh nghiep ch co nhng th tren rat hay rat keu nhng lanh ao khong the hien la ngi that s co tm v c tm, noi khong i oi vi lam, vun ven, t li, thieu cong bang, tru dap nhan vien th cac hoat ong xay dng van hoa doanh nghiep hoan toan phan tac dung. 7. Cho bit cc c im v s khc nhau c bn ca tm nhn v s mng v gi tr ct li l g? Cho v d? Tam nhn: vision - La cac muc tieu co the nh lng hoac nh tnh nhng thng la nh tnh (objectives) ma cong ty can at ti trong khoang thi gian nhat nh. Ex: at doanh so 125 t USD vao nam 2000 (wal-Mart). Gia tr cot loi: core values - Nhng pham chat, nguyen tac dan ng, nhng cam ket can phai gi gn bang moi gia e bao am at c tam nhn, s menh va cac muc tieu chien lc (The conscious affective desires or wants of people that guide their bebavior) - Gia tr la cac c muon hng dan hanh vi cua con ngui. V du ve cac gia tr cua 1 doanh nghiep: Integrity: ngay thang; Innovation: oi mi; Respect for people: ton trong con ngi; Customer focus: tap trung vao khach hang; Teamwork: lam viec tap the; Leadership: dan au; Performance: anh gia cao thanh

qua; Community: ton trong cong ong. Chien lc, muc tieu (Goals) Cac muc tieu chien lc trong thi gian chng 20-30 nam (nh lng). ay la cac muc tieu co the at c nhng cac muc tieu cot loi (objectives) nh nhng ngoi sao tren tri ch co tac dung truyen cam hng cho noi bo ma khong bao gi at c. He thong cac gia tr cot loi cua doanh nghiep (Core values) Mot bang cac tieu chuan ao c trong kinh doanh, nhng pham chat tot ep co tnh chuan mc ma moi thanh vien can phai at c hay bao ve va gi gn. V du: He thong gia tr cua nhan vien cong ty Oracle Sang kien ao c liem chnh Lam hai long khachhang Ton trong lan nhau Chat lng Tnh ong oi Trung thc Thong tin lien lac tot gia 8. Hy gii thch th no l vn ha doanh nghip danh ngha (nominal cultures) v vn ha doanh nghip thc cht ( real culture)? - Vn ha doanh nghip danh ngha (nominal cultures): - Vn ha doanh nghip thc cht ( real culture) l nhng gi tr (values), beliefs (nim tin) v norms (chun mc hnh vi) thc s tc ng ln hnh x ca nhn vin 9. Hy phn tch nh ngha vn ha t chc sau y ca Hofstede: "Vn ho t chc l lp trnh tm thc c tnh khu bit gia cc thnh vin ca t chc ny v cc thnh vin ca t chc khc" Hnh x ca c nhn bao gm nhng hnh x trong ni b v bn ngoi. c iu chnh bng nhng gi tr c ci t vo tm thc (mind). Chng c iu chnh trong tm thc, c to lp (programmed learned) bi nhng gi tr (value norms). y l nhng gi tr mang tnh nhn vn chung ca nhn loi, chng c s chia (share values) cho tt c mi ngi nh tm nhn, s mnh, gi tr ct li, chnh sch. Nn vn ha t chc l qu trnh cc gi tr c to ra bi nhng ngi sng lp v chia s, c ci vo tm thc cho tt c th h ngi sng lp v ni tip trong t chc m chng c tnh khu bit tc khc bit r rng gia cc thnh vin ca t chc ny vi cc thnh vin ca t chc khc. V vn ha t chc l hnh x ca t chc m hnh xa li ph thuc vo nhng g ci t vo tm thc nn ngi lnh o mun c vn ha t chc cho ring mnh cn xem li nhng g c ci t vo tm thc ca ngi lnh o. 10. Hy trnh by nhng dimensions ch yu nh gi vn ha ca mt doanh nghip? 1. Customer orientation. - Valued asset: tai san co gia tr hay nuisance: s phien toai. - guests . o Cac chuan mc cua Ritz-Carlton Hotel - A warm and sincere greeting. Use guests name, if and when possible - Anticipation of and compliance (chieu theo) with guest needs. - Fond farewell. Give them a warm good-bye, and use their names, if and when possible. 2. Orientation toward employees. - Assets or expenses? - Nhan vien co cam thay mnh c anh gia cao (valued and appriciated) - Neu co th ho se co ong lc (motivated) va se cam ket chien

au cho muc tieu va cac gia tr cua cong ty. Cong ty can phai co c che e nhan vien voice thac mac, e at tam t nguyen vong cua ho. Low and high turnover: Khong nen xem nhan vien la second-class citizen; ng e ho lo s bat on ve tng lai 3. Standards of performance and accountability. Performance standards: cong ty quy nh nhan vien chu trach nhiem g va mc o nh the nao oi vi chat lng san pham, dch vu khach hang va mc o thoa man khach hang. Accountability: nen quy nh trach nhiem nhan vien bao am at c cac muc tieu va s menh, cam ket thc hien cac gia tr cot loi cua cong ty ch khong n gian ch quy nh gi en va gi ve. 4. Innovation and commitment to change. Cong ty quan niem va phan ng nh the nao oi vi sang kien va oi vi s thay oi. Cach oi x cua lanh ao oi vi cac nhan vien chu thay oi nhng dam noi thang oi khi mat long so vi ngi nhan vien ch kh kh vi kien thc co hu va bao thu nhng de vang li? 5. Company process orientation. He thong hoat ong nh the nao? Viec hoach nh, ra quyet nh, trao oi thong tin va trach nhiem xa hoi cua cong ty nh the nao. Thong tin co b tac nghen do b lu gi e tao the canh tranh cho rieng mnh hay khong