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Architectural Design + School Psychology
How Design Can Influence Students Performance, Behavior + Well-Being

Architectural Elements Andrea Powell, Assoc. Architect Powell & Partners Architects Psychological Aspects Deborah L. Blackburn, MA, MFT Case Studies Roy Grimes, MPA, CGFM Peregrine Consultants, LLC Sacramento City School Board, President

We shape our buildings and they shape us.
Winston Churchill

It is unfortunate, that dignity and freedom of thought often depends on the proportions of a room, the cheering view out of a window, or a certain balance of light and color, so that someone who lived all his life in some kind of elongated box, then enters a classically proportioned chamber one day, finds himself inclined to wonder, how much he might have lost intellectually only due to the character of his living spaces.
Christian Morgenstern, in 1906
(German poet of anthropologic lyric)

Historical School Development: Copies of Military Facilities Copies of Correctional Facilities

Outer Conditions for Well-Being: Location Shelter, Building Envelope Size + Scale Electrical + Day Lighting HVAC System Acoustics + Noise Furniture + Color

Curiosity is the beginning of all knowledge.
(Unknown)
Kindergarten Luginsland, Stuttgart, Germany, 1987 Arch. Behnisch & Partners
Odenwald School, Frankfurt, Germany Arch. Peter Huebner
Oakland Schools Office + Conference Center, Waterford, Michigan Arch. French Associates, Inc.

Inner Conditions for Well-Being: Excitement Adaptation Adjustment or Change Stress Distraction Strain or Fatigue

For Students Well-Being, School Buildings Have to Provide: A Feeling of Safety + Care Flexibility of All Spaces A Welcoming, Inviting, Inspiring, Open + Warm Atmosphere Value + Pride in the Facility A Feel Like Home Experience
Miley Achievement Center, Las Vegas Arch. JMA Architecture Studios
Saint Benno Catholic Secondary School, Dresden, Germany, Arch. Behnisch & Partners
Little Village Academy, Chicago Ross, Barney + Jankowski Arch.
Hocking College, Student Center Nelsonville, Ohio Arch. Moody Nolan, Inc.

To be psychologically healthy, human beings need to experience their natural setting the setting we were designed for, which is the garden.
Richard Neutra
(Architect and AIA Gold Medalist)
Corona School, Bell, L.A. Arch. Richard Neutra, 1935
Muenster Parish Preschool, Ingolstadt, Germany Arch. Guenter Behnish + Manfred Sabatke
Waldorf School, Cologne, Arch. Peter Huebner, Germany
The Lovett School, Atlanta Arch. Hughes, Good, OLeary & Ryan, Inc.
Humming Stone
Pendulum Balls
Spinning Wheel
Hugo-Kuekelhaus-School, Wiehl, Germany Feeling Path

I never teach my pupils; I only attempt to provide the conditions in which they can learn.
Albert Einstein
The Ideal Classroom, by Melanie Evans
L-Shaped Classroom Layouts, by James A. Dyck
Geschwister School, Luenen, Germany Arch. Hans Scharoun
Montessori Primary School, Delft, Netherlands Arch. Herman Hertzberger
Strawberry Vale School, Victoria, British Columbia Arch. Patkau Associates

Lakota Plains Junior School, Liberty Township, Ohio Arch. Steed Hammond Paul Inc.
Daniel Hand High School Madison, Connecticut Jeter, Cook & Jepson Arch.

Snoezelen-Room, a Multi-Sensory Interior Environment for: Time-Out Relaxation + Meditation Therapeutic Needs Educational Needs

Snoezelen
Rooms for Well-Being

Psychological Aspects Deborah L. Blackburn, MA, MFT

In the beginners mind, there are many possibilities, but in the experts there are few.
Zen Master Suzuki

To be disorientated in space is to be psychotic.
Edward T. Hall
The New Wetherbee School, Lawrence, MA Arch. Design Partnership of Cambridge
A Classroom in Need of Modernization
Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Pyramid

Affective Development Behavioral Development Cognitive Development

Affective Development
Development Characteristics: Visual Perspectives Spatial Relationships Valuing Life and Property Color Relationships Expressing Emotions Appropriately Following Instructions

Learning Goals: Ability to Appreciate All Forms of Life Ability to Appreciate Balance between Built and Natural Environments Harmony with Nature

Learning Activities: Role Playing Taking Turns Supporting Others in Practice Efforts

Architectural Support for this Stage:
Smaller School Buildings Reduced Class Size (15-20) Natural / Full Spectrum Lighting Adequate Acoustics Indoor / Outdoor Gardens Technologically Friendly Learning Centers Buildings that Resemble Homes, Not Institutions
Englegaard Preschool, Copenhagen, Denmark Arch. Boje Lundgaard + Lene Tranberg
Wiesenweg Preschool, Wolfurt, Austria Airch. Detrich / Untertrifaller

Behavioral Development
Development Characteristics: Cooperation with Others Team Building Personal Satisfaction from Accomplishments Relaxation

Learning Goals: Students Ability to Take Direction Take Turns as Leaders and Followers Problem Solve Accept Responsibility for Ones Own Action

Learning Activities: Student Interacting Successfully with People, Plants and Animals Taking Turns in Class Activities Supporting Classmates with Kind Words

Architectural Support for this Stage: Similar to Those Presented in Affective Phase Construction of Green Houses and Animal Habitats Construction of Outdoor Area for Adventure Based Leaning
Hugo-Kuekelhaus-School, Wiehl, Germany
Preschool in Bregenz, Austria Arch. Roland Gnaiger + Gerhard Gruber
Kindergarten Luginsland, Stuttgart, Germany Arch. Behnisch & Partners

Cognitive Development
Development Characteristics: Recognition of Things Information Recall Sequencing of Objects and Numbers

Learning Goals: Recognizing Shapes and Sizes Remembering Facts Describing Detailed Events

Learning Activities: Encompass Reading and Writing Explaining Concepts and Objects to Groups Constructing and Deconstructing Objects

Architectural Support for this Stage: Those Points Already Stated Computer Stations Science and Math Labs Larger Spaces for Indoor Learning
Mapleton Elementary School, Ashland, Ohio Buehrer Group Arch. & Eng., Inc.

Computer Lab + Library, Verde Elementary School, WCC-County Powell & Partners Arch.
Computer Lab, Santa Fe Elementary School, Oakland Powell & Partners Arch.
De Koperwiek Preschool, Venlo, Holland Arch. Herman Hertzberger
Betlem Preschool, Barcelona, Spain Arch. Xavier Alemany, Lluis Badenas, Jaume Tubertz
Woodlea Primary School, Bordon, Hampshire Hampshire County Architects
Ranelagh Multi-Denominational School, Dublin, Ireland Arch. ODonnel + Tuomey
Pokesdown Primary School, Bournemouth Arch. Format Milton
University Child Development School, Carlson Architects, Seattle

Shirokane Preschool, Tokyo, Japan
Arch. Atelier Suda

For the future of our children!

Case Studies Roy Grimes, MPA, CGFM Peregrine Consultants, LLC + Sacramento City School Board, President

Sacramento Examples: City School District
Statistics Show Improvement of Students Test Scores and Decline of Vandalism after Completion of Modernization Projects.
Before
After
California Middle School, Sacramento HMR Architects
Before
After
John Still K-8 School, Sacramento HMR Architects
Before
After
New Technology High School, Sacramento HMR Architects

Study on: Association of Daylighting in Classrooms with Students Performance.
By Heschong Mahone Group 1999, Rep. PG&E, San Francisco

Woodlea Primary School, Bordon, Hampshire
Hampshire County Arch.

Study on: School Design Impacts upon Cognitive Learning.
By Franklin Hill + Sarah Cohen, Educational Advisor

Study on: How Schools are Designed and Constructed Affects How Students Learn.
By Susan Black, Education Research Consultant, American School Board Journal Editor

Before
Verde Elementary School, WCC-County, Powell & Partners Arch.

After
Verde Elementary School, WCC-County, Powell & Partners Arch.

German Example: How Student Participation Can Turn into Share of Responsibility and Joy in Learning.
By Rotraut Walden + Simone Borrelbach, Book Release: Schools for the Future
Gesamtschule Gelsenkirchen, Arch. P. Huebner, Germany
Student Participation

Master Planning for Each School Site
Teacher, Student + Parent Involvement Community Involvement - Site Committee District Standards for Materials + Quality, Educational Spec-Set

Questions + Answers

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Architectural Design + School Psychology

How Design Can Influence Students Performance, Behavior + Well-Being

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Kindergarten Luginsland, Stuttgart, Germany, 1987 Arch. Behnisch & Partners

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Odenwald School, Frankfurt, Germany Arch. Peter Huebner

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Miley Achievement Center, Las Vegas Arch. JMA Architecture Studios

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Little Village Academy, Chicago Ross, Barney + Jankowski Arch.

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Corona School, Bell, L.A. Arch. Richard Neutra, 1935

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Waldorf School, Cologne, Arch. Peter Huebner, Germany

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Hugo-Kuekelhaus-School, Wiehl, Germany Feeling Path

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Architectural Design + School Psychology

The Ideal Classroom, by Melanie Evans

Architectural Design + School Psychology

L-Shaped Classroom Layouts, by James A. Dyck

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Geschwister School, Luenen, Germany Arch. Hans Scharoun

Montessori Primary School, Delft, Netherlands Arch. Herman Hertzberger

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Strawberry Vale School, Victoria, British Columbia Arch. Patkau Associates

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Rooms for Well-Being

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Architectural Design + School Psychology

The New Wetherbee School, Lawrence, MA Arch. Design Partnership of Cambridge

Architectural Design + School Psychology

A Classroom in Need of Modernization

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Pyramid

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Englegaard Preschool, Copenhagen, Denmark Arch. Boje Lundgaard + Lene Tranberg

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Wiesenweg Preschool, Wolfurt, Austria Airch. Detrich / Untertrifaller

Architectural Design + School Psychology

Architectural Design + School Psychology