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ng dng h thng nhng thit k ch to thit b thng tin lin lc khng dy Application of embedded system for designing and manufacturing wireless communication equipment
L Hi Triu, Nguyn Trung Trc, Nguyn c Vinh, Nguyn Thnh Chung Vin K thut in t v C kh Nghip v, Tng cc Hu cn K thut, B Cng an e-Mail: p2e16@vnn.vn
Tm tt
ng dng cng ngh nhng trong thit k ch to cc thit b in t, vin thng ni chung cng nh thit b thng tin lin lc khng dy ni ring hin ang c s dng rng ri. i vi tng lnh vc, mi trng s dng khc nhau cc thit b ny s c nhng c tnh, chc nng ring. Trong nghin cu ny, chng ti nghin cu, p dng cc cng ngh k thut mi, hin i nh: h thng iu khin nhng, k thut tri ph nhy tn, cng ngh SDR, k thut m ho v gii m chun AES, cc phng php truyn thng... thit k v ch to mt b thit b thng tin lin lc khng dy. Sn phm bc u p ng c mt s yu cu c bn v ch tiu k thut, tnh nng hot ng ca mt h thng lin lc khng dy cng nh nhng yu cu ring ca ngnh Cng an nh tnh bo mt, nh gn, c ngiu ny c ngha thit thc trong thc tin, gp phn lm a dng cc phng thc hot ng ca lc lng Cng an.
Ch vit tt
ADC/DAC AES CPU FHSS OEM RF SDR Analog Digital Converter/Digital Analog Converter Advanced Encryption Standard Center Processing Unit Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Original Equipment Manufacturer Radio Frequency Software Defined Radio
1. Phn m u
Hin nay trn th gii vic ng dng h thng nhng ang l xu th pht trin rt mnh m v t c nhng thnh tu to ln, trong c lnh vc thng tin lin lc, cng ngh iu khin, t ng ha... Cc thit b lin lc t ng kh trnh s dng trong cc nhim v ca lc lng an ninh, cnh st trn th gii ni chung v Vit Nam ni ring l mt trong nhng thnh qu ca nn khoa hc pht trin. Bn cnh , cng tc thng tin lin lc phc v cng tc ca lc lng Cng an c yu cu c th ring, chng i hi cc thit b phi hot ng an ton, cu to gn nh, thao tc n gin v m bo yu t bo mt trong qu trnh truyn tin. Xut pht t nhu cu cn c mt thit b lin lc c ng trong qu trnh cng tc c kh nng lp trnh hot ng t ng (hn gi t ng thu-pht bn tin), vi yu cu bo mt rt quan trng, do vy i hi v tnh nng - tc dng i vi thit b rt cao. Cc thit b v ang c s dng c c im u l cc thit b do nc ngoi sn xut c tnh nng hin i, ng dng cng ngh cao, tin cy tt, kh nng bo mt cao. Tuy nhin i i vi iu l vic chng ta hon ton ph thuc vo vic cung cp hng ho t nc ngoi, b ng v ph thuc vo cng ngh, khng th bo m yu t b mt tuyt i trong cng tc ca ngnh Cng an. Cn c theo yu cu ca cc n v nghip v, nhm cn b k thut Vin k thut in t v c kh nghip v, Tng cc Hu cn K thut, B Cng an
Abstract
Application of Embedded Technology in designing and manufacturing of electronic and telecommunication devices in general and wireless communication in particular is being widely used in the world. Equipments used in different areas and environments will have their own characteristics, features, operating functions. In this project, we have researched, applied some new advanced technologies such as embedded control systems, frequency hopping spread spectrum technology, SDR technology, the encryption and decryption methods of AES standard, the data communication technologies... for designing and manufacturing a set of wireless communicaiton equipment. The devices initially meet some basic requirements of a wireless communication equipment such as the specifications, the performance featuresas well as the specific requirements for the police such as security, compact, mobility...This research actually has practical significance and contribute to diversifying the operation modes of the police force.
K hiu
VCCA-2011
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2. Ni dung chnh
2.1 Gii php v cng ngh ch to: 2.1.1 Cc yu cu chung i vi thit b: C th truyn thng tin k thut s thu/pht mt v hai chiu theo phng thc truyn thng khng dy sng ngn RF, tc cao. Bn tin truyn gia cc thit b lin lc l d liu s c m ha, p ng theo thi gian thc v c th thay i c di nhiu nh dng khc nhau (text, nh, m thanh s,). C th thit lp mng lin lc a knh, giao thc truyn thng RF c bo mt cao, kh nng chng nhiu tt, khong cch lin lc t 30 - 100m (c che chn) v ti 400m (tm nhn thng). Lp trnh hot ng t ng, hoc thao tc bng tay n gin, nhanh chng, thit b phi gn nh tin li cho cn b chin s khi s dng v vn chuyn. Thit b c tin cy cao, chi ph thp hn so vi nhp ngoi, tiu th t nng lng v ng dng cng ngh hin i. 2.1.2 Gii php v la chn cng ngh: Cc thit b thng tin lin lc khng dy c bo mt cn thit k l H thng thng tin thu pht s, c m/gii m, cc ch hot ng lp trnh c mt cch linh hot, phn mm iu khin thc hin a nhim v c giao din quen thuc vi trnh ngi s dng. Do , n hon ton ph hp vi cc c trng c bn ca h thng nhng v vic ng dng h thng nhng (Embedded System) ch to thit b hon ton c kh nng p ng cc yu cu t ra. B x l trung tm (CPU) ca thit b l mt my tnh nhng mini vi cu hnh v kt ni ngoi vi thch hp, s dng h iu hnh WindowXP Embedded, phn mm nhng x l tn hiu v iu khin c lp trnh bng ngn ng VisualC. Knh truyn dn d liu s khng dy lin lc gia cc im trong nt mng c kh nng a truy nhp theo k thut tri ph (Spread Spectrum) vi h thng sng mang nhy tn FHSS (Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum). Vi cc c im v tc v bng thng, tnh bo mt cao trong cc khung truyn d liu v kh nng chng nhiu trong thng tin tri ph nhy tn s m bo s hot ng n nh, chnh xc trong h thng thng tin v tuyn gia cc thit b lin lc. Trn c s nghin cu, kho st v nh gi cc iu kin v cng ngh hin c ca n v vi k thut thu pht ny, chng ti la chn gii php chnh l s dng cc sn phm dng ng gi hon chnh hoc sn phm OEM tch hp.
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Bn phm D liu gi
M ho/ Gii m d liu
iu khin gi/nhn
Mn hnh hin th
D liu m ho RF
D liu t bn phm
Lu tr bn tin
Nguyn l hot ng chung ca h thng: Ti trm pht, d liu hay bn tin truyn di c nhp vo thng qua bn phm hoc trn tp d liu c sn lu trn h thng, sau c truyn ti khi gii m/m ha d liu thng qua ng truyn RS232. Ti khi ny, d liu c m ha theo chun AES 128 bit m bo tnh an ton cho thng tin . Tip theo, d liu c a ti khi thu/pht RF truyn thng tin i. Pha trm thu, qu trnh c thc hin ngc li. Sau khi d liu nhn , khng b li, c gii m th kt qu s c lu tr ln cng v hin th ln mn hnh theo di. Mi qu trnh ci t ch , iu khin thu pht, cc th tc kim tra gim st khi truync thc hin bi phn mm iu khin thng qua giao din s dng gia h thng vi ngi s dng. Thit k cc khi: Khi m ha/gii m v khi thu pht RF c tch hp li thnh mt m un thu pht. Theo nh hng la chn v gii php v cng ngh, nhm nghin cu s dng m un thu pht ca hng Digi Maxstream1 . M un ny c nhng c tnh, ch tiu k thut ph hp vi yu cu thit k nh cng sut, cng ngh iu ch, bo mt, chng nhiuDi y l Bng 2.1 v ch tiu k thut chnh ca m un thu pht m nhm nghin cu s dng:
c im Cng sut pht Phm vi lin lc c che khut Phm vi lin lc theo tm nhn thng Tc giao tip d liu ni tip (lp trnh bng phn mm) Tc truyn d liu Tc d liu RF nhy thu M un RF ca Digi Maxstream (900MHz) 100mW (20 dBm) <= 450m <= 7km 1200 57600 bps
9600 19200 bps 10000 20000 bps -110 dBm (9600 bps) -107 dBm (19200 bps)
nh a ch
Khi x l trung tm bao gm 2 phn : mch truyn/nhn d liu ni tip qua RS232 v h thng nhng mini lm chc nng iu khin ch hot ng ton b h thng nh: thit lp ch , truyn nhn thng tin, m ha bo mt, hin th, lu tr thun tin cho qu trnh thit k, rt gn thi
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Hnh 2.2 S khi cc m un, (a) M un RF, (b)Mch khi truyn/nhn d liu ni tip qua RS232
2.2.2 Phn mm iu khin h thng Nhm nghin cu vit chng trnh phn mm iu khin hot ng ca ton b h thng bng ngn ng Visual C chy trn nn h iu hnh Window nn vic lp trnh giao din c d dng v gip ngi dng s dng cc chc nng ca thit b thun tin hn. Cc tc v nh thit lp cu hnh thit b, ch hot ng, kim sot li qu trnh truyn d liu, iu khin cc kt ni vi thit b ngoi vi... ,.u thc hin n gian thng qua giao din rt trc quan n gin. iu ny gip tng chnh xc, tnh bo mt, tit kim thi gian thao tc m bo tnh an ton khi thc hin cc cng tc nghip v ca ngnh Cng an khi dng thit b ny. Ngoi ra, phn mm cn thc hin m ha d liu theo chun AES 128 bit trc khi truyn ti m un RF iu ny lm tng kh nng bo mt thng tin p ng yu cu c th hot ng trong ngnh Cng an.
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Sai
Chn ch lm vic Mt my pht, mt my thu xong pht Ch : t hn gi pht Ch : T ng gi li sau khi nhn tin
Bm nt gi
Chuyn ch gi tin
Cha c tn hiu tr li
C tn hiu tr li M ho/Gi tin v Gii m/Nhn tin M-un m ho v truyn d liu Kt thc
VCCA-2011
Hnh 2.5 Giao din ch hn gi Hnh 2.9 Ph tn s ti 917.7MHz (kt qu o trn my phn tch ph FS315 9kHz 3GHz R&S)
Hnh 2.6 Giao din ch lm vic ngay ang gi bn tin text 4k5
Hnh 2.10 Ph tn s ti 912.89MHz (kt qu o trn my phn tch ph R3162 9kHz 8GHz Advantest)
Kt qu kim tra cho thy: Thit b p ng bc u cc yu cu v thit k, lp trnh, giao din chng trnh lm vic, v my
Hnh 2.7 Giao din ch lm vic ngay ang gi bn tin hnh nh 20k
Ch tiu k thut ca thit b c bn t yu cu t ra. Thi gian hot ng t yu cu, ty theo cht lng ngun pin hoc c quy s dng m thi gian hot ng ca thit b c th ko di t 30 pht 90 pht thm ch c kh nng lu hn. Kh nng lin lc tt khi di chuyn cng chiu vi vn tc nh hn 30km/h v ngc chiu vi vn tc nh hn 25km/h. ho trang c cho sn phm vo cc v mu: vali xch tay, cp ti liu v ti xch ngh.
2.3. Kt qu v nh gi sau khi th nghim thit b. H thng sau khi thit k c o c, chy kim tra trong mt s iu kin khc nhau xem c m bo yu cu cht lng, k thut cng nh yu cu c th cng vic ca ngnh Cng an hay khng trc khi c chnh thc s dng. Hnh nh thit b: mt cp thu pht c ha trang vo mt va li nh
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M ho d liu C C AES 128bit Ngun cung cp 9VDC 3 12 VDC Dng tiu th khi 60 75mA <50mA pht Dng tiu th khi 65 75mA <60mA thu Dng ch 25 30A <20A Bng 2.2 So snh kt qu o, kim tra thit b thc t vi yu cu t ra Cc ch tiu k Thit b thit Thit b ca thut chnh k CHLB Nga Di tn s lm vic 902 928MHz 390 440MHz S knh lm vic 7 knh 25 tn 44 knh (FHSS) s Phm vi lin lc c 30 90m 30 - 600m che khut Phm vi lin lc 100 300m 600 1000m khng che khut Phm vi lin lc tt <50m 300m (c che khut) Phm vi lin lc tt (khng c che 100 200m 600m khut) Tc d liu RF 9,6 38,4Kbps 9,6Kbps M ho d liu C C AES 128bit Ngun cung cp 9VDC, 1.1A 7.2VDC, 3.6Ah Cng sut 100mW ~465mW Bng 2.3 So snh cc ch tiu k thut chnh vi thit b ca CHLB Nga Mt s tnh nng c bn Kh nng lm vic trc tip Ch lm vic tc thi Thit b BE-07E16-027 Tch hp vi h thng nhng C Thit b ca CHLB Nga Phi kt ni PC C
2k - 6s
3h
3. Kt lun
So snh vi thit b ca CHLB Nga c s dng, chng ta d dng nhn thy nhng u im thit b ca CHLB Nga chnh l dung lng pin s dng, cng sut pht ln, t dn n phm vi lin lc tt hn thit b do nhm nghin cu thc hin. Mt chc nng na nhm cha thc hin l chc nng xo khn cp trong cc tnh hung c bit. Tuy nhin so vi yu cu t ra i vi thit b t thit k th cc ch tiu c bn hon thnh. Trong thc t nghin cu, nhm nghin cu cha c iu kin th nghim i vi cc mu module c cng sut pht ln hn (khong t 300 - 500mW hoc 1W). Mt s nh hng tip theo nhm hon thin thit b l: Nng cao tnh n nh ca thit b. Th nghim cc tc d liu RF khc nhau c th truyn cc bn tin hnh nh ln hn vi thi gian ngn hn.
VCCA-2011
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VCCA-2011
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Nguyn c Vinh sinh nm 1976. Anh nhn bng K s o lng iu khin ti i hc Bch khoa H Ni nm 1999, bng Thc s K thut T ng ha v iu khin t xa ti Hc vin K thut qun s nm 2004. Hin anh l cn b nghin cu ca Vin K thut in t v C kh nghip v, Tng cc Hu cn K thut, B Cng an. Hng nghin cu chnh l cc h thng gim st in thoi - fax, h thng gim st lung E1, thit b gim st v iu khin ng dng cng ngh GPS, thit b thng tin lin lc khng dy c m ha v iu khin t xa.
VCCA-2011
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