Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

Nghin cu pht trin module CPU cho thit b thu thp d liu a knh DATACOM Researching and developing module CPU for a multi-chanel data collection device DATACOM
Nguyn ng Chung, Thi Quang Vinh, Phm Ngc Minh, Chu Ngc Lim, Nguyn Anh Tun, Nguyn Thnh Long, Chu Vn T Phng Cng ngh t ng ha - Vin Cng ngh thng tin 18 Hong Quc Vit, Cu Giy, H Ni Tel : 0437563558 e-Mail: chungnd.auto@gmail.com Tm tt
Ngy nay, vn quan trc mi trng khng kh ang t ra cp bch nhm cung cp nh gi v cht lng mi trng khng kh ca tng vng trng im nh khu dn c, khu cng nghip. Do , cn thit phi xy dng mng li quan trc mi trng kh cc im o c nh trn phm vi rng, ng dng cng ngh nhng, cng ngh nh v GPS, cng ngh bn s v truyn d liu trc tuyn qua mng in thoi di ng theo chun GSM/GPRS vi tin cy, n nh, cp nht thng tin tc thi. Do , chng ti xut gii php ng dng thu thp d liu mi trng khng kh CO, CO2, CH4, NOx, SO2, tn hiu bo chy, bo khi, nh v bng GPS v truyn thng khng dy qua mng in thoi di ng GSM/GPRS v trung tm gim st. Bi bo ny trnh by vic nghin cu thit k module CPU cho thit b thu thp d liu a knh DATACOM phc v cho gii php ng dng thu thp d liu mi trng kh.

Ch vit tt
GSM GPRS GPS CPU DI/O AI ADC DAC CRC UART SPI Global System for Mobile Communications General Packet Radio Service Global Positioning System Central Processing Unit Digital Input/Output Analog Input Analog Digital Converter Digital Analog Converter Cyclic Redundancy Code Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter Serial Peripheral Interface

1. M u
Mi trng l tt c nhng g c xung quanh ta, cho ta c s sng v pht trin. Quan trc mi trng khng kh l vic theo di thng xuyn cht lng khng kh vi cc trng tm, trng im hp l nhm phc v cc hot ng bo v mi trng khng kh v pht trin bn vng. Cc mc tiu c th ca quan trc mi trng khng kh gm: Cung cp cc nh gi v din bin cht lng mi trng khng kh phc v vic xy dng bo co hin trng. Cung cp cc nh gi v din bin cht lng mi trng khng kh ca tng vng trng im c quan trc phc v cc yu cu tc thi ca cc cp qun l v bo v mi trng. Cnh bo kp thi cc din bin bt thng hay cc nguy c nhim, suy thoi mi trng khng kh. Xy dng c s d liu v cht lng mi trng khng kh phc v vic lu tr, cung cp v trao i thng tin trong phm yu cu. Do , chng ti xut gii php ng dng thu thp d liu mi trng khng kh CO, CO2, CH4, NOx, SO2, tn hiu bo chy, bo khi, nh v bng GPS v truyn thng khng dy qua mng in thoi di ng GSM/GPRS v trung tm gim st. Trong , chng ti ang thc hin vic thit k thit b thu thp

Abstract
Nowadays, the problem of air environment monitorin is urgently needed solving to provide the quality assessment of the air enviroment of key regions such as residential districts and industrial zones. Hence, it is necessary to develope an environmental monitoring network ultilizing the embedded technology, the GPS positioning technology, and the digital map technology for fixed points on a large area. Moreover, the mobile network based on the GSM / GPRS standard is ultilized for online data communications because of its high reliability, stability, and instantly updating information. Therefore, we proposed a multi-channel data acquisition device DATACOM that is used for collecting and mornitoring the parameters of the air environment such as CO, CO2, CH4, NOx, SO2, fire and smoke signals. This device ultilizes the GPS positioning and the wireless communication based on the GSM / GPRS mobile network for sending data to the monitoring center. In this paper, the research and design the CPU module for the multi-channel data acquisition device DATACOM is presented.

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d liu a knh DATACOM phc v cho gii php ng dng thu thp d liu mi trng kh.
Display

2. Phn cng module CPU

CP U

DI /O

G PS

G SM

AI

Po we r

le

le

le

le

od u

od u

ul

od u

od u

od

ule

od

H. 1

Cu trc h thng DATACOM

Thit b ny c kh nng thu thp s liu t cc sensors, iu khin cc c cu chp hnh t ng theo tng cng ngh mt cch linh hot vi chun truyn thng cng nghip. Kh nng nh v GPS bn thn cng nh truyn nhn thng tin qua GSM lm cho DATACOM c tnh nng ng cao. Thit b DATACOM c kh nng ng dng cho gii php iu khin phn tn trong cng nghip. Khng ch c kh nng phn tn I/O xung cp trng to thnh mt kin trc ng vi sensor v c cu chp hnh, vic iu khin c th c phn tn vi mt vi module ngoi v remote ti cc I/O khc. vi kh nng m rng I/O v kh nng truyn thng lm cho DATACOM tr thnh mt b iu khin mnh m cho cc ng dng n l t nh n trung bnh.
GPS Satelite

od ul

PR S

H. 3

Kin trc h thng ca PSoC

Li x l l chip PSoC (Programable System on Chip) sn phm ca hng Cypress, cho php thay i cu hnh phn cng n gin bng cch gn chc nng cho cc khi ti nguyn c sn trn chip. Kt ni mm do cc khi chc nng vi nhau hoc gia cc khi chc nng vi cc cng vo ra.

iu khin gim st
Gim st, vn hnh, chn on, iu khin cao cp, phi hp qun l d liu, lp bo co

iu khin
iu khin, iu chnh, bo v, an ton, ghi chp, cnh gii

Chp hnh & cm bin

o lng, truyn ng chp hnh, ng/ct

H. 4

Ti nguyn chip PsoC

H. 2

Phn cp chc nng thit b

Vi gii php thit k module ha, nh tch hp h thng c th phn tn I/O xung cp trng, kt ni nhiu b iu khin DATACOM trong h thng mng iu khin phn tn. Do c mt c cu iu khin Logic, b iu khin DATACOM cung cp kh nng thit lp kin trc logic, cch thc tc v, v d liu. Hot ng thng minh, ng dng rng ca DATACOM c xy dng trn c s module CPU ES-CPU315. ES-CPU315 l sn phm trn nn tng dng chip PSoC vi nhng tnh nng v h thng cho php truy xut ng thi tt c ngoi vi trn board m khng cn phi thit lp bt c jumper hay thay i phn cng no. Mi th u truy xut thng qua firmware, to cho k s lp trnh lm vic mt cch d dng.

Vi cc vi iu khin 8-bt tiu chun khi pht trin, b sung thm cc ng dng, chng ta thng cn thm cc khi ngoi vi nh b khuch i thut ton, cc b lc, cc b nh thi, mch logic s, cc khi chuyn i AD-DA v.v Vic thit lp thm cc khi ngoi vi l mt vic kh khn, cc thnh phn mi s chim thm din tch, yu cu phi c xem xt cn thn trong qu trnh thit k bn mch in (PCB), tng cng sut tiu th v.v Tt c cc yu t ny nh hng ng k n gi thnh v thi gian pht trin mt d n. Cc chip PSoC c cc khi tng t v s lp trnh c kh nng lp trnh c, cho php vic thit k mt s lng ln cc ngoi vi. Cc khi s cha mt s cc khi s nh hn c kh nng lp trnh c c th c cu hnh cho cc ng dng khc nhau. Cc khi tng t c s dng cho vic pht trin cc thnh phn tng t nh cc b so snh, b lc tng t, cc chuyn i AD-DA. S khc nhau gia cc h PSoC l s lng cc khi A/D v s lng cc chn vo ra. Ph thuc vo cc h vi iu khin, PSoC c th c t 4 n 16 khi s v t 3 n 12 khi tng t. B cng c lp trnh n gin cng vi cc hm API phong ph lm cho

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ngi lp trnh thun tin khi vit chng trnh cng nh kim tra bt li. ES-CPU315 trang b khi KeyPad v textLCD to s linh hot trong cu hnh DATACOM hin th trc quan ca thit b. KeyPad trang b 6 phm n p ng y nhu cu ngi dng, khi KeyPad c x l chng hin tng rung phm khi n. phm n nhy v x l tt trong trng hp bm nhiu phm cng lc. Ch to module ri kt ni vi chip PSoC thng qua cp.

H. 7

Ni dy truyn thng (a) v ni dy mng cng nghip (b)

Truyn thng RS485 theo chun modbus kt ni ESCPU315 vi ton b cc modules khc trong DATACOM bn song cng (half-duplex)
10101010

B thu pht

B thu pht

H. 8 H. 5 Module phm n v mn hnh

Truyn thng Half Duplex

B to thi gian thc (Real-time clock) s dng IC chuyn dng DS1307 ca hng Dallas Semiconductor kt ni vi chip PSoC giao tip theo chun I2C. DS1307 s dng 8 thanh ghi cho chc nng ng h cn li 56 thanh ghi b trng c th c dng cha bin tm nh RAM nu mun ES-CPU315 thit k cho php c DS1307 hin th thi gian ln textLCD cng nh ghi ci t thi gian khi ng ng h.
Key 1 DS1307 Real Time Clock
I2C

phc v vic theo di thng s cc u vo, ra ca ton b thit b. Truyn thng RS485 iso tn hiu u ra c chun ha dng TTL c cch ly quang. Cng truyn ny c cp ngun 5volt ring v cch ly hon ton vi ngun ca thit b, m bo qu p trn ng truyn thng khng lm nh hng n cc chc nng khc ca thit b. Tc bauds cho php ln n 11500 p ng nhu cu truyn thng tc cao.
BUS Gic cm

Key 2

PSoc
32.7768KHz Crystal Lithium battery

Key 3 Key 4 Key 5 Key 6

RS-485

H. 6

Real Time Clock

Cch ly

5Vdc

Ngun

24Vdc

Ghp ni thit b, trao i thng tin l mt trong nhng vn c bn trong bt c mt gii php t ng ha no. Mt b iu khin cn c ghp ni vi cc cm bin v c cu chp hnh. Gia cc b iu khin trong mt h iu khin phn tn cng cn trao i thng tin vi nhau phi hp thc hin iu khin c qu trnh sn xut. mt cp cao hn cc trm vn hnh trong trung tm iu khin cng cn c ghp ni v giao tip vi cc b iu khin c th theo di, gim st ton b qu trnh sn xut v h thng iu khin. Ch truyn ti khng ng b, bn gi v bn nhn khng lm vic theo mt nhp chung. D liu trao i c chia thnh tng nhm 7 hoc 8 bit, gi l k t. Cc k t c chuyn i vo nhng thi im khng ng u, v vy cn b sung hai bit nh du khi u v kt thc cho mi k t. Vic ng b ha c thc hin vi tng k t. C th vi mch UART thng dng dng bc in 11 bit, bao gm 8 bit k t, 2 bit khi u cng nh kt thc v 1 bit kim tra li chn l.

UART

SD Memory

Chip PSoC

Giao din vi vi mch thit b Vi mch thit b

H. 9

Truyn thng RS485 iso

B nh m rng, th nh SD (Secure Digital Card) giao tip vi chip PSoC theo chun truyn SPI. Th nh SD dng ngun nui 3,3volt sn c t module Power Supply cp sang thng qua ng truyn Back Place, kt ni gia mch iu khin (5volt) v SD thc hin gin tip thng qua cu chia p in tr. Th SD lu tr d liu khi mt tn hiu kt ni GPS sn sng cp nht li d liu khi GPS hot ng tr li.

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Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011 3. Phn mm module CPU

3.1 Khi chc nng Cc khi chc nng nh ngha chc nng v c tnh ca module ES-CPU315 vi cc tham s u vo v u ra ca cc khi chc nng c lin kt vi nhau qua ng bus, to ra cu trc ca chng trnh ng dng. Vic thc hin mi khi chc nng c lp lch mt cch chnh xc. Chng trnh ng dng bao gm nhiu khi chc nng bao gm: Chng trnh x l vng qut chnh ca CPU. Giao din vi module vo tng t AI. Giao din vi module vo/ra s DI/DO. Giao din vi module thu GPS. Giao din vi module truyn thng khng dy GSM/GPRS. Giao din vi module cm bin. Khi m rng hin th (View Objects) mn hnh textLCD c tp tham s c nh ngha trc s dng to giao din ngi dng. 3.2 Trao i d liu tun hon Trao i d liu gia trm ch (CPU) v cc trm t (AI, DI/0,) gn cho n c thc hin t ng theo mt trnh t qui nh sn. Khi t cu hnh h thng bus, ngi s dng nh ngha cc trm t cho thit b, qui nh cc trm t tham gia v cc trm t khng tham gia trao i d liu tun hon. Trc khi thc hin trao i d liu tun hon, trm ch chuyn thng tin cu hnh v cc tham s c t xung cc trm t. Mi trm t s kim tra cc thng tin v kiu thit b, khun dng v chiu di d liu, s lng cc u vo/ra. Ch khi thng tin cu hnh ng vi cu hnh thc ca thit b v cc tham s hp l th n mi bt u thc hin trao i d liu tun hon vi trm ch. Trong mi chu k, trm ch c cc thng tin u vo ln lt t cc trm t ln b nh m cng nh a cc thng tin u ra t b nh m xung ln lt cc trm t theo mt trnh t qui nh sn trong danh sch (polling list). Nguyn tc trao i d liu tun hon ch/t c minh ha nh hnh bn di.
D liu u ra
Slave 1

chu k bus cn phi nh hn chu k vng qut ca chng trnh iu khin. M hnh DATACOM h tr cu trc kiu module ca cc thnh vin. Mi module c xp mt s th t khe cm bt u t 1, ring module c s th t khe cm 0 phc v vic truy nhp ton b d liu ca thit b. Ton b d liu vo/ra ca cc module c chuyn chung trong mt khi d liu s dng ca trm t. Bn trm t s dng cnh gii (watchdog) gim st vic giao tip vi trm ch v s t u ra v mt gi tr an ton, nu ni trong mt khong thi gian qui nh khng c d liu t trm ch a xung. 3.3 Vng qut ca chng trnh ES-CPU315 thc hin cc cng vic (bao gm c chng trnh iu khin) theo chu trnh lp. Mi vng lp c gi l mt vng qut (scancycle). Mi vng qut c bt u bng vic chuyn d liu t cc cng vo s ti vng b m o, tip theo l giai on thc hin chng trnh. Trong tng vng qut, chng trnh c thc hin t lnh u tin n lnh kt thc. Sau giai on thc hin chng trnh l giai on chuyn cc ni dung ca b m o ti cc cng ra s. Vng qut c kt thc bng giai on x l cc yu cu truyn thng (nu c) v kim tra trng thi ca ES-CPU315. Thi gian cn thit cho ES-CPU315 thc hin c mt vng qut c gi l thi gian vng qut (Scan time). Thi gian vng qut khng c nh, tc l khng phi vng qut no cng c thc hin trong mt khong thi gian nh nhau. C vng qut c thc hin lu, c vng qut c thc hin nhanh tu thuc vo s lnh trong chng trnh c thc hin, vo khi lng d liu truyn thng. Trong vng qut . Nh vy gia vic c d liu t i tng x l, tnh ton v vic gi tn hiu iu khin n i tng c mt khong thi gian tr ng bng thi gian vng qut. Ni cch khc, thi gian vng qut quyt nh tnh thi gian thc ca chng trnh iu khin trong ES-CPU315. Thi gian vng qut cng ngn, tnh thi gian thc ca chng trnh cng cao.
Programming

Danh sch hi tun t

D liu u vo D liu u ra
Slave 2

Yu cu D liu u ra p ng D liu u vo

Slave 1

D liu u vo

D liu u ra
Slave n

D liu u vo Master

Yu cu D liu u ra p ng D liu u vo

Device

Slave n
Input Table User Program Output Table

H. 10 Nguyn tc trao i d liu tun hon Master/Slave

Data

Vi mi trm t, trm ch gi mt khung yu cu v ch i mt khung p ng (bc in tr li hoc xc nhn). Thi gian trm ch cn x l mt lt danh sch hi tun t chnh l chu k bus. ng nhin,

Storage

Input Devices

Input/Output System

Output Devieces

H. 11 Vng qut chng trnh ca CPU

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Linh hot x l ngt, chng trnh ca cc khi ngt s c thc hin trong vng qut khi xut hin tn hiu bo ngt cng chng loi. Cc chng trnh ny c th thc hin ti mi vng qut ch khng phi b g p l phi trong giai on thc hin chng trnh. Chng hn mt tn hiu bo ngt xut hin khi ES-CPU315 ang giai on truyn thng v kim tra ni b, ES-CPU315 s tm dng cng vic truyn thng, kim tra, thc hin ngt nh vy, thi gian vng qut s cng ln khi cng c nhiu tn hiu ngt xut hin trong vng qut. Do nng cao tnh thi gian thc cho chng trnh iu khin, nn vit chng trnh x l ngt ngn v . Ti thi im thc hin lnh vo/ra, lnh khng lm vic trc tip vi cng vo/ra m ch thng qua b nh m ca cng trong vng nh tham s. Vic truyn thng gia b m o vi ngoi vi do chng trnh chnh ESCPU315 qun l.

Ti liu tham kho

[1] Andrew S.Tanenbaum: Computer Networks. 3th Edition, Prentice-Hall. 1998. [2] Siemens: SIMATIC NET Industrial Communication Networks. Siemens AG. 1998 [3] Modicon Modbus Protocol Reference guide PI-MBUS300. Rev. J. Modicon. Inc. (Schenider Automation). 1996. [4] Hong Minh Sn: Mng truyn thng cng nghip, Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut. [5] http://embedded.com.vn [6] http://www.cypress.com

4. Kt lun
c trng ca ES-CPU315 l kh nng c th lp trnh c, thit k cho php ES-CPU315 hot ng trong mi trng khc nghit cng nghip, yu t bn vng thch nghi, tin cy, t l h hng rt thp, thay th v hiu chnh chng trnh d dng, kh nng nng cp cc thit b ngoi vi m rng s lng u vo nhp v u ra xut c p ng tu nhu cu. H iu khin dng ES-CPU315 c nhng u im nh sau: Gim s lng ln dy ni. Cng sut tiu th ca ES-CPU315 rt thp . C chc nng t chun on do gip cho cng tc sa cha c nhanh chng v d dng. Chc nng iu khin thay i d dng bng thit b lp trnh (my tnh, mn hnh) m khng cn thay i phn cng nu khng c yu cu thm bt cc thit b vo, ra. Thi gian hon thnh mt chu trnh iu khin rt nhanh dn n tng cao tc gim st, iu khin. Gn nh, d dng bo qun, sa cha. Dung lng b nh ln c th cha c nhng chng trnh phc tp. Hon ton tin cy trong mi trng cng nghip. Giao tip c vi cc thit b thng minh khc nh: my tnh, ni mng, cc Module m rng. tin cy cao, kch thc nh. Gi thnh cnh tranh. S ra i ca ES-CPU315 s lm phong ph thm h cc thit b iu khin h thng cng nh to thm s la chn cho cc nh thit k, tch hp h thng khi ngh n thit k phn gim st iu khin cho mt h thng hot ng t ng.

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