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Thit k h thng mi nh in mt tri vi inverter thng minh Design of the Solar Power Roof with the intelligence inverter
Nguyn Th Ngc Anh, Trn Vit Thng i hc K Thut Cng Ngh Tp. H Ch Minh e-Mail: ngocanh19752000@yahoo.com, tvt1129@yahoo.com Tm tt
Bi bo trnh by kt qu nghin cu, thit k th nghim, ng dng mi nh in mt tri trong iu kin Vit Nam. Cc cu hnh vi 1 b iu khin, hai b iu khin v m hnh thc nghim ni li c xut v th nghim nh gi trong thi gian theo di di. Trn c s thc nghim, mt d n in kh ho cho 172 h dn v 7 im cng cng Tp.HCM c hon tt v a vo s dng. B inverter thng minh cho cu hnh 1 b iu khin gn trc tip vi b pin mt tri cng c thit k, ch to vi cc thng s tt. in ti ch, khng gy ting n, khng nhim, tnh an ton cao. Vit Nam c ti nguyn nng v cng to ln. cc tnh pha Nam s gi nng trung bnh ngy khong 6,5h/ngy. Cng tng lng bc x trung bnh ngy trong 12 thng t khong 5kWh/m2/ ngy. cc tnh pha Bc, s gi nng trung bnh thp hn, khong 4,1h/ngy v cng bc x trung bnh khong 4kWh/m2/ngy. Nh vy, vic khai thc hiu qu ngun nng lng mt tri nc ta, nht l cc tnh pha Nam s gp phn gii quyt vn nng lng cho t nc. Dng in 1 chiu t pin mt tri c tch lu trong c quy v c bin i thnh dng in xoay chiu cung cp trc tip cho cc thit b hoc c ho li in (ni li). cc nc pht trin, t l in mt tri ni li chim ti 95% cng sut lp ca chng. Mt h thng iu hnh hp l s bin i chng thnh in xoay chiu, ho li in, ng thi thc hin vic tch tr nng lng vo c quy, iu phi nng lng cho ti. u im ca cng ngh in mt tri ni li l gim c khong 30% gi thnh nh gim thiu h thng c quy tn tr nng lng mt tri. Lng in sinh ra t dn pin mt tri s c bin i trc tip thnh 220VAC/50Hz cp trc tip cho ti. Khi d tha, in mt tri c a trc tip vo li in, cn khi cng sut in mt tri khng cp cho ti quy nh th b iu khin s iu hnh ly in li b vo. y l gii php cng ngh t sn xut in mt tri s dng v tng tc vi li in quc gia theo mt c ch thng minh. nc ta, cc trm pin mt tri ni li c trin khai s dng nh qun Tn Bnh Tp.HCM (2005) vi cng sut 2KWp, ti Trung tm hi ngh quc gia Vit Nam (2005) vi cng sut 154 kWp, ti Vin Nng lng vi cng sut 1.080Wp, ti B Cng Thng vi cng sut 2.700 Wp. Mt s nghin cu v trin khai ng dng trong nc [1,4,5] cho thy s quan tm ln pht trin lnh vc ny. Mt s nghin cu cn dng phng th nghim, cn cc ng dng a phn l cc thit b nhp ngoi. Chnh v vy, vic nghin cu, thit k, lp t v thc nghim mt h thng c th l cn thit, cho php nh gi kh nng ng dng h thng mi nh in mt tri, hiu qu u t, cng nh xc nh hng thit k ch to thit b trong nc.
Abstract:
The results of the research, design and application of the grid connected solar power roof in Vietnam conditions are presented. The configuration with one and two controllers and the experimental model are proposed and monitoring in the long period. Based on these results, the solar power Project for 172 roofs (families) and 7 public positions in HCMC is performed. The high-performance intelligence inverter to directly connect with a solar roof is described.
1. Phn m u
Khai thc ngun nng lng ti to (nng lng mt tri, gi, thu triu,) l xu hng tt yu nhm gii quyt vn khng hong nng lng th gii, c nhiu nc (M, EU, Nht, Trung Quc...) pht trin v ng dng rng ri vi cc chng trnh u t hng t USD. Trong 15 nm qua th trng in mt tri tng trng bnh qun 25 %/nm. T nm 2004-2008 sn lng ton cu hng nm tng khong 6 ln, t tng cng sut 16,9 GW. Sn phm nm 2008 tng 90 ln so vi nm 2007 [1, 2, 3]. Pin nng lng mt tri loi silic tinh th, c cu to t s lng ln cc diode P-N, thc hin vic bin i quang in vi hiu sut 10-15%, hin vn chim a phn trong cc b bin i nng lng mt tri thnh in nng. Do gi thnh t (~6USD/W), nn vic ng dng rng ri chng gp nhiu kh khn. Trong nhng nm gn y, s pht trin mnh ca pin mt tri loi mng mng, tuy hiu sut (6-8%) thp hn pin silic tinh th, nhng gi thnh thp (~1USD/W) m ra kh nng pht trin v ng dng rng ri ca chng. Cc tm pin mt tri (module) c ghp thnh mng ln nh 1 mi nh, c u im ch ng cp
VCCA-2011
427
H. 2
c quy
H. 1
Trong cu hnh ny, b iu khin thc hin mt s chc nng: iu khin inverter bin i th DC t b pin mt tri thnh in th AC sin 220V/50Hz cung cp cho ti s dng. Khi nng lng t pin mt tri khng c s dng hoc d, nng lng ny c iu khin np cho c quy hoc ho vo li in. Khi nng lng pin mt tri khng cp cho ti (tri khng nng), b iu khin s chuyn ngun cung cp, ni ti vi li in. Khi c quy st gim ti gii hn, b iu khin s ngt s dng c quy, v chuyn sang ch np c quy. Cu hnh m t trn thng s dng cho cc h in mt tri nh, khong cch gia dn thu nng lng mt tri khng xa vi b iu khin. 2.2. Cu hnh mi nh in mt tri vi 2 khi iu khin. i vi cc h thng ln, v tr dn pin mt tri thng cch xa trung tm iu khin. Khi vic kt ni in DC th thp/dng ln dn ti s tiu hao in trn ng dy. Cu hnh s dng s l h thng vi 2 khi iu khin (xem H.2). Vic kt ni gia chng bng dy AC nh mng in li thng thng.
B iu khin M1 thc hin chc nng bin i th DC t b pin mt tri thnh in th AC sin 220V/50Hz (Inverter-1) cung cp cho ti s dng hoc ho li (c b d pha). B iu khin M2 thc hin chc nng: iu khin in AC cp cho ti t li ra Inverter1/M1 hoc t li (chuyn mch K1). Bin i nng lng tn tr trong c quy thnh thnh in th AC sin 220V/50Hz (Inverter-2) cung cp cho ti s dng. iu khin np c quy, ngt s dng c quy khi cng sut ca n st gim ti gii hn. Cu hnh m t trn, ngoi vic gim tn tht nng lng, cn cho php xy dng cc h thng tch hp nhiu thit b nng lng khc. 2.3. Thit k h thng SCADA cho khai thc nng lng ti to M hnh SCADA s dng cho khai thc nng lng ti to (mt tri, gi,...) c trnh by trn hnh H.3.
c quy
CTRL1
CTRL2
CTRL3
Generator
H. 3
K1
B K np c quy
c quy
Trong m hnh ny, cc thit b bin i nng lng ti to (mt tri, gi,...) c cc b Inverter thng minh bin i thnh in xoay chiu cung cp cho ti. Nng lng d tha c tch tr trong b c quy hoc ho vo li in. Cc thit b c th hot ng t tr, vi s gim st v iu khin ca mt my tnh trong h. 2.4. M hnh thc nghim Thc nghim v mi nh in mt tri c tin hnh nhm xc nh kh nng cung cp in thc t trong iu kin Vit Nam, tnh kinh t ca gii php nng lng in mt tri . H thng thit k theo cu hnh hnh H.2 cho 1 phng lm vic vi tng cng sut n, my tnh, my in khong 420W, nng lng tiu th khong 3,2KWh/ngy. Tnh ton cng sut pin mt tri hot ng trong 4,5 gi s l 700Wp (cng sut nh). Thit b iu khin s dng: - B iu khin M1 l loi Sunny Boy [6] SB700U (cng sut 780W, in p DC ng vo t :119VDC 250VDC, ti a l 250V, dng DC vo ti a 7A ) l mt Solar inverter c kt ni vi ng ra DC ca pin mt tri v c kh nng to ra tn hiu sin ging
VCCA-2011
428
H. 4
VCCA-2011
429
H. 5
thng minh
3. Kt lun
Cc kt qu lp t th nghim cho 1 n v nh cho thy kh nng thc t khai thc ngun in mt tri. Tuy vn kinh t vn cha c gii quyt, nhng i vi nhng vng su, vng xa, gii php mi nh in mt tri l hp l. Pht trin cc kt qu trn, Chng ti trin khai thnh cng D n in kh ho bng h thng in mt tri cho p Thing Ling, X Thnh An, H.Cn Gi, Tp.HCM (l x b cch ly bi sng ngi, cha c in). Ni dung chnh ca D n l lp t 172 mi nh in mt tri cho cc h dn (cng sut 525Wp/h) v 7 h cho cc c s cng cng gm trng hc, trm y t, kim lm,...(cng sut 1050Wp/ h), vi u t gn 80 triu ng/h. Cu hnh cho 1 mi nh in mt tri bao gm 3 tm pan pin mt tri cng sut 175Wp/tm, loi module n tinh th, inverter thng minh, c quy (4 bnh 12V/100ah). H thng c a vo s dng (xem H.6).
H. 6
VCCA-2011
430
Tc gi:
1. Th.s Nguyn Th Ngc Anh, tt nghip C nhn Vt L in T ca Trng i Hc Khoa Hc T Nhin nm 1997, v Thc s Vt L in T nm 2001. Hin ch ang l Ging Vin thuc B mn in T, Khoa C- inin T, Trng i Hc K Thut Cng Ngh Tp.HCM. Hng nghin cu chnh l thit k v thc hin cc h thng ng dng nng lng mt tri. Th.s Trn Vit Thng, tt nghip K s in T ca Trng i Hc Cn Th nm 1997, v Thc s T ng ha ti Trng i Hc Bch Khoa, i Hc Quc Gia Tp. H Ch Minh nm 2003. Hin anh ang l Ging Vin thuc B mn K Thut in T, Khoa C- in- in T, Trng i Hc K Thut Cng Ngh Tp.HCM. Hng nghin cu chnh l thit k cc ng dng o lng v NCS (Networked Control System).
VCCA-2011
431