Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho

ng dng t ng ha trong lnh vc pht trin nng lng mi, nng lng ti to. Applying Automation in Renewable Energy Development Field
Th.s Nguyn Ch Cng Trung tm Nghin cu Thu kh Vin Nghin cu C kh H Ni - Vit Nam cuongnc@narime.gov.vn Tm tt:
Bi bo nu tng quan v tim nng ca nng lng ti to (NLTT), trin vng pht trin NLTT; Mt s kinh nghim trong nghin cu thit b pht in s dng nng lng sng bin Vin Nghin cu C kh. Kt lun bi bo c li bn v mt s vn trong nghin cu pht trin Nng lng sng v NLTT ni chung, v s ng gp ca t ng ha trong cc h thng, thit b NLTT. Trong khi , cc nh gi u cho rng, Vit Nam l quc gia c y iu kin pht trin mnh cc dng NLTT, nhng thc t vn cha khai thc c nhiu ngun tim nng ny. Nhiu chuyn gia cho rng, nu u t khai thc ng hng, ngun nng lng ny c th thay th 100% nng lng truyn thng ca Vit Nam. Ni nh vy khng c ngha l vic ng dng NLTT l d dng, khng tn km. ngy cng pht trin ngun NLTT i hi s pht trin ng b, t quan im, ng li pht trin n s u t, nghin cu cho KHCN v cc chnh sch khuyn khch pht trin khc. Nh chng ta bit, trong cc dng nng lng, dng NLTT c nh gi nh sau [1]: - Nng lng mt tri: - Nng lng gi: - Nng lng sng bin: 100 200 W/m2 ; 400600 W/m2; 2.000 3.000 W/m2 .

Abstract
This article provides a general view about potentiality as well as promised development relating to renewable energy. It also provides some experience of NARIME in research and development wave energy device. At the conclusion is concluding opinion about research and development issue in general and the contribution of automation in renewable energy industry.

Ch vit tt
NLTT: nng lng ti to; NLS: nng lng sng; KHCN: khoa hc cng ngh;

1. Gii thiu chung

Nhu cu v tim nng NLTT Hin nhiu nc trn th gii a vic s dng NLTT thnh yu cu bt buc trong chin lc pht trin nng lng quc gia th vn ny Vit Nam vn ch dng li mc rt khim tn. Vit Nam c cc quy hoch in nng (n quy hoch VI v VII), trong c NLTT mc tiu n 2025 chim n 4 5% tng sn lng in. Tuy nhin n nay pht trin NLTT Vit Nam vn rt khim tn, nu khng c cc chnh sch pht trin v chng trnh nghin cu, o to v NLTT th kh c th t c k hoch.

NLTT c tim nng v li ch to ln, tuy nhin NLTT li thay i ln, ph thuc nhiu vo thin nhin, theo thi tit, theo ma, kh hu Vi iu kin cng ngh ch to hin i v thit b iu khin, h thng t ng ha ng b, hin nay cc nc tin tin khc phc c cc hn ch trn, ch to c cc thit b s dng NLTT p ng nhu cu, dn thay th cc ngun nng lng khc, m i u cc nc l c, M, Nht c bit sau s c in ht nhn Fukujima ti Nht bn, nhiu nc tng cng pht trin NLTT.

Hnh 1 Nng lng gi (win energy).

Hnh 2. Nng lng mt tri (solar energy).

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Trong khun kh bi bo ny, chng ti mun cp n tm quan trng ca lnh vc t ng ha trong h thng thit b NLTT. my in ht nhn sau khng khong nh my in nguyn t Fukujima. Trung Quc mt nc tiu th nng lng ln th 2 th gii (sau M) cng v ang pht trin cc ngun nng lng trong NLTT cng chim t trng ngy mt ln: Nm Nhit in 2008 60.3 2009 65.1 2010 70.7 Thy in 17.3 19.6 21.3 in gi 0.84 1.8 3.1 Ht nhn 0.88 0.91 1.1 Mt tri 0.04 0.53 2.7 Tng 79.3 87.5 96.2

Trong nng lng gi n 2010 chim 3.23% trong tng cc ngun nng lng. Hnh 3. Nng lng sng bin (wave energy). Nh vy c th ni NLTT cc nc pht trin v ang pht trin v ang c quan tm pht trin. b. i vi Vit Nam (theo Quy hoch in VII- 2011) TT Ch tiu 2009 2010 2015 2020 2030 437 0 437 437 1067 1467 1767 0 200 1500 8200

2. Trin vng pht trin nng lng ti to

Nh trn phn tch, tim nng pht trin NLTT trn th gii ni chung v Vit Nam ni ring l rt ln, nhng thu nhn v chuyn i cc ngun NLTT thnh in nng, i hi s u t, nghin cu pht trin ng b nhiu lnh vc: c, in t, vt liu, t ng ha Vi cc tnh cht v s khng n nh ca cc ngun nng lng [1]: Nng lng gi: khng n nh, tc gi thay i ln 0 16 m/s, thay i lin tc, theo thi tit, a im Nng lng mt tri: khng n nh, theo ngy v m, thay i theo thi gian hang ngy, theo thi tit, a l vng min Nng lng sng: Khng n nh, bin , tn s sng thay i ln, ph thuc theo thi tit, a im

1 Thu in nh 2 in gi + NLTT khc

Tng cng sut (MW)

437 1267 2967 9967

Nh vy vic pht trin NLTT Vit Nam vn rt khim tn, vic t c mc tiu 4,5 6% n nm 2030 theo Quy hoch in VII i hi l lc rt ln, bn cnh cc u i u t, c ch chnh sch th vic nghin cu k thut, KHCN trong lnh vc ny l rt cn thit, gp phn khng nh cho s pht trin NLTT cho t nc.

a. i vi cc nc cng nghip pht trin: Cc sn phm v nng lng mi, NLTT bao gm: nng lng gi; nng lng mt tri; thy in; nng lng thy triu; nng lng a nhit; in ht nhn. Phn b t l cc ngun nng lng hin ti v cc nm d kin nh sau (n v GW): Nm Nhit in 2010 706 2015 857 2020 1000 Thy in 213 280 380 in gi 31 90 150 Ht nhn 11 40 86 Mt tri 0.24 5 20 Sinh khi 4.7 15 30 Tng 963 1287 1666

3. Nghin cu thit b pht in s dng nng lng sng bin Vin Nghin cu C kh
ti M s KC.05-17/06-10 do Vin Nghin cu C kh thc hin trong giai thi gian 02 nm, y l giai on tin nghin cu, vi mc tiu ng dng nng lng sng bin trong vic sn xut ra in nng (qui m cng sut h thng pht in t 5 10 kW). y l ti mi, lnh vc nng lng sng bin l lnh vc mi, kh v phc tp v ton b thit b cng ngh u thc hin mi trng bin, chu nh hng ca yu t thi tit, thin nhin khc nghit. Thit b pht in NLS bin l t hp thit b cng ngh cao, bao gm nhiu lnh vc khoa hc, cng ngh, cng ngh ch to my. T l thuyt sng, nng lng sng, lnh vc c kh hng hi, lnh vc thy lc, kh nn, in, t ng ha, in iu khin, pht v truyn dn trn bin Vin Nghin cu C kh l n v u tin trong nc thc hin ti ny, kt qu ban u p ng yu cu ca ti

Nhn chung, cc nc pht trin ngy cng nng cao t l NLTT, cc sn phm, thit b in c hiu sut cao, cng sut ln v gim kh thi CO2, gi thnh ngy cng gim. Mt s nc nh c cng b s s dng NLTT thay th nng lng ht nhn, Nht cng ang xem xt li cc nh

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v khng nh c nguyn l thu nhn v chuyn i nng lng sng bin thnh in nng, mc d thit b cn mt s hn ch, ph thuc nhiu vo a im lp t C th tm tt qu trnh thc hin ti nh sau: La chn phng n: Cho n nay, cc gii php khai thc v chuyn i nng lng sng bin thnh nng lng in c cc nh khoa hc v cc hng ch to hng u th gii phn nh nh sau [2], [3], [4], [5]: Nguyn l kh ng; Nguyn l thu ng; Nguyn l thu tnh; Nguyn l my pht in tnh. Qua phn tch, tham kho ti liu nc ngoi, nhm nghin cu: la chn theo phng n nguyn l thy tnh do phng php ny hot ng theo phng thc tch gp nng lng, dng in pht ra s n nh hn, y cng l xu hng pht trin nng lng song bin chung trn th gii (xem kt cu c bn theo hnh 4 di): 3.1. Thit b pht in nng lng sng bin da trn nguyn l thy tnh Trn c s phn tch trn, chng ti thy loi t hp thit b nng lng da trn nguyn l thu tnh l rt ng quan tm nghin cu v pht trin. Cc thit b ny thng thng u tun theo nguyn tc kt cu chung: c b phn thu nhn nng lng c hc t sng bin, chuyn i thnh nng lng du p, nng lng du p c np vo bnh tch p, thng qua h thng thu lc s cung cp nng lng du p c p sut v lu lng n nh cho ng c thy lc quay my pht in. hnh dung mc nng lng sng c th thu c, chng ta c tnh ton n gin nh sau. Coi sng bin c dng sng hnh sin, vi chiu cao sng H th nng lng trung bnh ca n trn mt din tch b mt nm ngang s l: E=ke.H2, kW vi ke=g/8 = 1,25 kW.s/m4; =1020 kg/m3; g=9,8 m/s2. Vi: ct sng H= 2 m, nu thu hi hon ton nng lng sng ny ta c nng lng thu c: Esng=5 kW.s/m2 - mt nng lng khng nh! V nng lng truyn dn trong sng theo phng nm ngang: J=kj.T.H2; Hnh 4. Nguyn l thy tnh - phng n ti la chn. Vi kj=g2/32= 1 kW/m3s; T - chu k sng, s; H - chiu cao sng, m. Khi T= 10 s; H= 2m. Ta c nng lng mang trong sng khi lan truyn: Jsng=40 kW/m - Mt nng lng khng l!

Hnh 5. S tnh ton c cu thu nhn nng lng sng dng rn bin.

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Rn bin bao gm cc phao ri lin kt vi nhau (phao 1,2,3,2,6) bi cc khp quay theo chiu ngang v ng, cc phao dao ng theo sng trn b mt sng, chuyn ng tng i gia cc phao c lp t cc xilanh (bm thy lc 5,6), cc xilanh c nhim v chuyn i nng lng chuyn ng c hc thnh nng lng thy tnh. Cc chuyn ng y ch yu do lc Acsimet (lc ni ca phao) v dao ng ca phao trong h dao ng chung trng sng. Trong thit b pht in sng bin dng rn bin, mong mun khai thc nng lng sng c hai hng: sng ngang v sng ng. Nng lng sng ng do lc Acsimet to ra (ch yu), nng lng sng ngang do phao dao ng theo trng sng v mt phn tip nhn ng nng ca sng vo sn h thng, thnh phn ny nh. Vi cch t vn trn ta c s tnh ton nh hnh 5a khi thit b nm bng sng. Khi thit b nm nh sng ta c s tnh ton nh hnh 5b tng t song v tr lc Acsimet thay i. Di y l ngha cc k hiu trong hnh v 5. G1; G2 l trng lng cm phao phi; phao tri . A1; A2 l lc Acsimet phao phi; phao tri. F l lc p lc thy tnh trong xilanh thu nhn nng lng. M1l lc cn ma st ca xilanh trn trng thi y. M2 l lc cn ma st ca xilanh di trng thi ht. l gc kt cu ca thit b (ph thuc dc ti a ca sng). l dc ti a ca sng (ph thuc cao ti a ca sng v bc sng). LG1; LG2l cnh tay n im t trng lc cc phao phi, tri. LA1; LA2 l cnh tay n im t lc ni (lc Acsimet) phao phi, tri.

T phng trnh cn bng, theo s hnh 5, ta c cng thc tnh ng knh phao D p ng nhu cu cng sut No:

D=

3,14.d 2 .Z.p1 8 b b . +M 2 .Z.cos+G 2 . - .cos-G1. .cos-M1.Z.cos(+) 2 -6 -2 3,14.2.b ..10 .cos 4.10 .cos 2 2

Hnh 6. S khi ca h thng thu nhn v chuyn i nng lng [6]. Trn s khi hnh 6 trn th hin r qu trnh vn hnh thit b: - Khi thu nhn nng lng sng v tch np nng lng (h thng phao, bm piston v h thng bnh tch nng thy lc). - Khi chuyn i nng lng thy tnh sang nng lng in. (h thng truyn ng thy lc v h pht dn in). hin thc ha s khi trn, ta c s nguyn l truyn ng thy lc trn hnh 6. Di y l sn phm ang c nghin cu thit k ch to v kho nghim.

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Hnh 7. S nguyn l h thng truyn ng thu lc [6].

Hnh 8. Sn phm thit b pht in nng lng sng bin dng con rn bin (do nhm thc hin t ithit k) [6]. Thit b pht in nng lng sng bin rn bin cng sut 5 10 kW ca ti KC 05-17/06-10 c cc thng s thit k nh sau: 1. Cng sut pht tng : P = 10 kW; 2. cao sng nh nht: H= 0,8 m; 3. Bc sng: L= 7 m; 4. Chu k sng T= 57 s 5. ng knh thn phao (rn bin): D= 1,2 m; 6. Chiu di thn phao thu nhn: Bt= 3,5 m 7. Chiu di thn module nng lng Bm= 1,5 m. Rn bin bao gm cc phao ri lin kt vi nhau bi cc khp quay theo chiu ngang v ng, cc phao dao ng theo sng trn b mt sng, chuyn ng tng i gia cc phao c lp t cc xilanh bm thy lc, cc xilanh c nhim v chuyn i nng lng chuyn ng c hc thnh nng lng thy tnh. Cc chuyn ng y ch yu do lc Acsimet (lc ni ca phao) v dao ng ca phao trong

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h dao ng chung trng sng. Thit b pht in nng lng sng c hai hng: sng ngang v sng ng. Nng lng sng ng do lc Acsimet to ra (ch yu), nng lng sng ngang do phao dao ng theo trng sng v mt phn tip nhn ng nng ca sng vo sn h thng, thnh phn ny nh (h s =0,25). Thit b trn c ch to v ang kho nghim trn thit b m phng sng c hc trong phng th nghim v cho kt qu kh quan: cng sut pht ra 5 10 kW. 3.2. Mt s vn trong qu trnhVin Nghin cu C kh thc hin ti Nng lng sng bin l loi nng lng rt khng n nh, thit b pht in nng lng sng bin lm vic trong iu kin thi tit rt khc nghit: sng to, gi ln, nhit cao, mi trng n mn ca bin, thm vo : thit b pht in vn hnh trong iu kin hon ton c lp trn mt bin khng c ngi theo di, hiu chnh vn hnh. Vi cc c im trn, thit b pht in nng lng sng bin trn nguyn l thy tnh l loi thit b c tnh h thng, n phi hp rt nhiu lnh vc: c hc, truyn ng thy lc, kh nn, k thut pht dn in, h iu khin, h t ng iu chnh n nh qu trnh pht in. gii quyt y cc vn trn, h thng iu khin ni chung v vn t ng ha ng vai tr quan trng cn tip tc nghin cu, hon thin thit b. Trong bi bo ny, chng ti khng c tham vng trnh by c th cc gii php m ch nu ln mt s vn chng ti , ang gii quyt v s phi gii quyt tip hon thin thit b. y cng phi lu mt kha cnh thc t khc: vi mt thit b pht in ch c 510 kW, quy m thit b l qu nh b khng th bin dng rn binmong mun khai thc nng gii quyt y trn vn cc vn qu phc tp. iu ny l khng kh thi!. Cc vn ca thit b nng lng sng bin hin cn tn ti cn gii quyt trong qu trnh tip tc nghin cu pht trin: Tnh ton chn la gii php thu nhn nng lng sng bin; Xy dng nguyn l chuyn i nng lng sng thnh nng lng in; Gii quyt vn tch np iu tit v n nh nng lng thu c; Pht in n nh v ha nhiu t my c cng sut nh; Vn chuyn ti nng lng in vo b; Vn t ng ha cho thit b.

Nhng vn nu trn tuy r rng, song trn thc t nhm thc hin ti gp rt nhiu kh khn trong qu trnh thc hin nh vn ha in 04 my pht in ng b cng sut 2,8 kW dn in v b; n nh tng i vng quay ca ng c thy lc trong h thng thy lc chung; vn tch nng thy lc trong vic gii quyt vn n nh, vn t ng ha cho h thng thit b 3.3. Mt s hnh nh minh ha qu trnh thit k ch tov kho nghim thit b

. Hnh 9. Sn phm thit b pht in nng lng sng bin- con rn bin (do Vin Nghin cu C kh ch to).

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Hnh 10. Thit b m phng sng c hc (phc v cng tc kho nghim rn bin trong phng th nghim).

4. Li kt
Khai thc nng lng sng bin hin vn ang trong giai on pht trin thm d bi vic tnh ton phng thc thu nhn nng lng sng ht sc phc tp. ti khai thc nng lng sng bin, ti KC 05.17/06-10 mi ch l bc khi u, s thnh cng ca ti ph thuc nhiu vo mc trin khai ng dng mechatronics. Trong qu trnh hon thin thit b chng ti mong nhn c s trao i, gp ca cc nh khoa hc v k thut quan tm n lnh vc nng lng sng bin ny, c bit cc chuyn gia trong lnh vc mechatronics, t ng ha quan tm ng gp kin cho ti tip tc hon thin trong giai on tip theo. Lnh vc nng lng sng bin l mt phn trong lnh vc NLTT, chng ti ngh rng, pht trin lnh vc NLTT theo nh nh hng, Nh nc cn c chin lc di hi, xy dng cc chng trnh c th, trn c s cc kt qu nghin cu ca cc nh khoa hc trong nc hay trn th gii. Vic u t cho nghin cu khoa hc v cng ngh cn c quan tm thch ng, khuyn khch nhiu nh khoa hcv k thut cng gp phn cho ra cc sn phm c cht lng, hm lng cao ng dng trong thc tin gp phn tng cng cho an ninh nng lng...

Ti liu tham kho

[1]. Wave Star Energy Ltd. Wave energy - challenges and possibilities. Denmark - 2006. [2]. George Hagerman. Wave and Tidal Power: Projects and Prospects. Center for Energy and the Global Environment . USA - 2005. [3]. Dr Tom Denniss. The Energetech Wave Energy Technology.Energetech Australia Pty Limited, Australia - 2005. [4]. Dr. S.A. Sannasiraj. Ocean Energy Scenario in India. Department of Ocean Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai, India -2007. [5]. Robert H. Stewart. Introduction to Physical Oceanography. Department of Oceanography, Texas A & M University, United States 2008. [4]. Cc ni dung trn trang web: www.wavedragon.co.uk; [5]. Cc ni dung trn trang web: www.giec.ac.cn; [6]. T liu ca ti nghin cu v pht trn khoa hc cng ngh cp Nh nc KC 05-17/06-10: Thit b pht in bng nng lng sng bin cng sut 510 kW. H Ni , 2010.

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L LCH H v tn: Nguyn Ch Cng; Nm sinh: 1967; Hc v: Thc s K thut; Nm t hc v: 1999; Chc danh: Nghin cu vin chnh; Chc v: Gim c Trung tm Nghin cu Thy kh Vin Nghin cu C kh - s 4 - ng Phm Vn ng - Cu Giy - H Ni. in thoi: CQ: 04.3834 1695; Mobile: 090. 328. 6409; Tm tt qu trnh hc tp v nghin cu: Tt nghip i hc vo nm 1991 v bo v thnh cng lun n thc s vo nm 1999 ti cng Trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni, khoa My & T ng Thy kh, lm thc tp sinh khoa hc ti Vin Nng lng T nhin Gansu Trung Quc. Cng tc ti Vin Nghin cu C kh t nm 1991. Mt s cng trnh tiu biu v nng lng mi l tc gi hoc ng tc gi: ti cp B Cng Thng, m s 102- 07 RD/H - KHCN v pht trin nng lng thy triu ti tnh Qung Ninh; ti cp nh nc KC.05.17/0610 v pht trin nng lng sng bin ti Vit Nam.

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