Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

VCCA-2011
Ti u ha h thng in a ngun: V d nghin cu vng Perpignan
a Trung Hi
Optimal Sizing Of Multi-Energy Power Systems: A Case Study For The
Perpignan Mediterranee Agglomeration Community
Trn Vn Giang
a,b
, Stphane Grieu
c
, Trn Quc Tun
d
, Trn Hoi Linh
e

a
Electric Power University (EPU)- Hanoi,
b
Grenoble Institute of Technology (INPG)-France,
c
Laboratoire PROMES-France,
d
National Institute of Solar Energy (INES/CEA) - France,
e
Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUT) - Vietnam
e-mail: giangtv@epu.edu.vn, grieu@univ-perp.fr; tranqtuan@yahoo.com;
linh-3i@mail.hut.edu.vn

Tm tt
Bi bo trnh by v vic ti u ha cu trc h thng
sn xut in nng a ngun. Theo , s kt hp ca
cc ngun sn xut in nng t nng lng ti to
nh tuc bin gi, pin mt tri, thy in nh vi cc
h thng d phng nh pin nhin liu, my pht
diesel hay h thng c quy cng nghip c
xut. Mc tiu ca nghin cu ny l c lng cc
m hnh thch hp i vi h thng nng lng ti to
cho php tha mn mt phn ph ti tiu th in ca
vng Perpignan a Trung Hi (min nam Php).
Cc phn tch tp trung vo vic tnh ton cho cc m
hnh khc nhau vi iu kin s dng ti a nng
lng ti to, gim kh CO
2
v ti u chi ph h thng.
Cc kt qu hin ti gp phn xy dng m un ti u
cu trc trong phn mm nh my in o CEVPM
pht trin ti Trung tm Eliaus (i hc Perpignan).

Abstract
This paper focuses on optimally sizing and finding the
right architecture of multi-energy power systems for
the Perpignan Mediterranee agglomeration
community (south of France). Several energy
resources are considered. A combination of
production and backup systems, such as windmills,
solar photovoltaic panels, micro-hydro and fuel cells,
diesel generators and battery banks is proposed. The
main objective of the study deals with both the
implementation of new production systems and the
optimal exploitation of energy resources, while
responding to the agglomeration community energy
demand. With the aim of reducing CO
2
emissions,
renewable resources are promoted. The total cost
related to the implementation of hybrid energy
systems is also a major concern. The proposed sizing
module takes part in a virtual power plant developed
to manage the energy resources of the Perpignan
Mediterranee agglomeration community.

1. Gii thiu chung
Nm 2006, tng sn lng nng lng ti to ti Php
t 17.3 Mteps vi 12.1 Mteps l nng lng nhit v
5.2 Mteps l in nng. Trong khi y ban Chu u
cng a ra ch tiu t 20% nng lng ti to ti
nm 2020 cho ton khi [1]. Ti Php, ngh nh v
vic u t v pht trin nng lng ti to t nay ti
2015 (Grenelle 2015 [2]) quy nh mc tiu ln v
chnh sch pht trin nng lng ti to cng nh tit
kim nng lng. Theo , vng Perpignan a
Trung Hi s xy dng thm khong 40 tuc bin gi,
100ha tm pin mt tri v cc h thng nhit vi tng
mc u t d kin khong 500 triu euro [3].
C nhiu h thng nng lng hn hp c
nghin cu trc y nh nghin cu ca D. Saheb-
Koussa v cng s v u t v ng dng h thng
pin mt tri tuc bin gi - my pht diesel v c quy
cho vng bit lp ti An-gi-ri [4], M.A. Elhadidy v
S.M. Shaahid v ng dng h thng nng lng tng
hp cho vng nng nng ti -rp X-t [5], S,
Ashok vi m hnh nng lng tng hp cho vng
nng thn n [6]. A. Kaabeche v cng s v h
thng nng lng tng hp hon ton bit lp ti An -
gi-ri [7]. Cc nghin cu ny gp phn nh hnh
mt khi nim chung v ti u ha cu trc h thng
nng lng c s dng cc ngun ti to cho cc mc
ch khc nhau. Tuy nhin, i vi tng khu vc c
th, cc h thng nng lng a ngun s c nhng
c im ring bit do khc nhau v iu kin kh
hu, mi trng, chi ph u t, xy dng v bo tr
h thng cng nh cc chnh sch, chin lc nng
lng v cng ngh. Bi bo trnh by nghin cu v
h thng nng lng a ngun bao gm tuc bin gi,
pin mt tri, tuc bin thy in nh kt hp h thng
d phng nh pin nhin liu, my pht chy diesel
hay c quy cng nghip cho vng Perpignan a
Trung Hi. Trong , nng lng ti to nh nng
lng gi, mt tri v thy in nh c u tin s
dng. Cc h thng d phng c a vo nhm b
lng in thiu ht tc thi nhm p ng ng
cong ph ti in di hn. Nghin cu ny nhm pht
trin mt m un ti u cu trc trong d n nh my
in o phc v vic qun l cc h thng nng lng
ti to cho vng Perpignan a Trung Hi. Hnh 1
minh ha h thng nng lng a ngun c nghin
cu trong bi bo ny. S liu v tc gi trung
bnh theo gi, bc x mt tri v ph ti in nm
2005 ti Perpignan a Trung Hi (cung cp bi
Mto France v RTE France) c s dng ti u
ha cu hnh h thng nng lng a ngun.
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Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

VCCA-2011

H. 1 Cu trc mng in nng a ngun

2. Thng s cc h thng nng lng
Cc thng s k thut v cng sut lp t, cc chi ph
u t, hiu sut, chi ph thi cng, chi ph khai thc v
bo tr, tui th h thng c lit trong bng 1.
Trong P - cng sut mi my pht, C
cap
- chi ph
u t (mua my pht),
G
h - hiu sut my pht,
ch
h
- hiu sut c quy lc np in,
dch
h - hiu sut c quy
lc phng, C
F
- gi nhin liu (diesel hoc hydro
lng), S - din tch mi tm pin mt tri hoc cnh
qut ca mi tuc bin gi, D
rotor
- ng knh rotor
ca tuc bin gi v K&B chi ph khai thc v bo
tr. Cc gi tr ny c ly theo thng s cc h
thng thc t c lp t ti Perpignan a
Trung Hi (nh pin mt tri, tuc bin gi) hoc c
trn th trng.

3. M hnh ton hc ca cc h thng
nng lng
3.1. Tuc bin gi
C nhiu m hnh ton hc cho tuc bin gi vi cng
sut trung bnh u ra [4]. c tnh ca tuc bin gi
c cung cp bi nh sn xut vi chng loi
N60/1300 (Nordex) [8] c s dng. Theo phng
php ni suy tuyn tnh ta c cng sut trung bnh
[W] ca tuc bin gi N60/1300 c m t nh sau:
4 3 2
4 3 2
0, 0538 3, 5973 73, 4533
( )
443, 4775 853, 5148
0, 2031 17, 4593 560, 2264
( )
7956, 5 43533
( ) 0
W
v v v
A
v
v v v
P B
C

(1)
vi v - tc gi trung bnh [m/s], trng hp ( ) A
4 17; khi v ( ) 17 25; B khi v trng hp
( ) 4 25 C khi v or v .
3.2. Pin mt tri
Nng lng u ra theo gi (
pv
E , kWh) ca h thng
pin mt tri c tnh theo [5]:
Bng 1. c tnh cc my pht trong h thng nng lng ti to a ngun

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Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

VCCA-2011

pv m f pc
E S P I h h
(2)
vi: S - din tch b mt [m
2
],
m
h - hiu sut chuyn
i m un,
f
P - h s ng gi,
pc
h - hiu sut ca
iu kin cng sut v I - bc x mt tri theo gi
(kWh/m
2
). Cc m un NU185E1 (Sharp) c s
dng [9].

3.3. Thy in nh
Theo m hnh h thng tuc bin thy in nh [10],
cng sut max ca tuc bin (
h
P ) c tnh bi:

( )
h h eau net
P W g H Q h r
(3)
vi
h
h - hiu sut tng th,
eau
r - mt dng chy
(nc), g - gia tc trng lc,
net
H - chiu cao ct
nc v Q - lu lng nc. Trong nghin cu ny,
cng sut mi tuc bin thy in nh c chn l
2500 kW vi hiu sut 70%, chi ph u t h thng
1100/kW, ph xy dng 30% chi ph u t, tui th
my pht 30 nm v chi ph khai thc bo tr
0,0055/kWh (bng 1).

3.4. Pin nhin liu
Chi ph mua my pht, chi ph K-B ph thuc vo
cng ngh s dng cng nh nh ch to hay cc iu
kin vn hnh [8]. Cc thng s ca pin chn theo
bng 1. Nhin liu H
2
c tiu th bi pin nhin liu,
F
H2
(kg/h), c m hnh ha bi hm ph thuc cng
sut u ra [6]:
nu
_ max_
/
N FC ef
P P P th

2 _ H FC N FC FC FC
F B P A P

ngc li, nu
_ max_
/
N FC ef
P P P > th
2 _ max_
_
1
H FC N FC FC FC ef ef
N PC
P
F B P A P F P
P
| | | |
| = + + |
| |
\ . \ .
trong P
FC
- cng sut u ra ca pin nhin liu
(kW), P
N_FC
(kW) - cng sut u ra danh nh, A
FC

v B
FC
l cc h s ca ng cong nhin liu tiu th
(kg/kWh), P
max_ef
(% ca P
N_FC
) l cng sut u ra
ca pin nhin liu ti thi im hiu sut cc i, F
ef

l h s tiu th nhin liu (A
FC
= 0,05 kg/kWh, B
FC
=
0,004 kg/kWh, P
max_ef
= 0.2 and F
ef
= 1).

3.5. My pht diesel
T l tiu th nhin liu (F
G
) ca my ng vi cng
sut (P
G
) c m t nh sau [6]:

2
G G G
F a P b P c
(4)
vi a, b v c l cc h s ca my pht diesel c
suy ra t thng s ca my pht. Cc tham s ny c
gi tr nh sau: a = 12,20210
-6
l/kWh, b = 0,223
l/kWh, c = 40,706 l/kWh. Cc thng s k thut khc
ly theo bng 1.
Gi du nng dng cho my pht in diesel l
0,11/l (150$US/ton theo [12], t l pht ra kh CO
2
l
3,09kg CO
2
/l ng vi mi lt du nng tiu th, chi
ph khai thc bo tr l 0,0012 /kWh, chi ph u t
my pht l 300/kW v tui th my pht l 20 nm
(ti a 7000 gi/ nm) (bng 1).

3.6. c quy cng nghip
M hnh n gin ca c quy cng nghip s dng
cho h thng a ngun c a ra trong [7]. Trng
thi nng lng ti thi im t l E
bat
(t) trong h thng
c quy khi h thng np in s c tnh bi:

( ) ( 1) ( ) ( )
bat bat rec ch G L
E t E t E t E t h h

(5)
vi
rec
h - hiu sut ca b chnh lu,
ch
h -hiu sut
np ca c quy, E
bat
(t-1) - trng thi nng lng ca
h thng ti thi im (t-1), ( )
G
E t v ( )
L
E t tng
ng l nng lng sn xut v tiu th ti thi im t.
Trong trng hp h thng c quy phng in, cng
thc trn tr thnh:

( ) ( )
( ) ( 1)
L G
bat bat
inv dch
E t E t
E t E t
h h

(6)
vi
inv
h - hiu sut ca bin tn,
dch
h - hiu sut
phng ca c quy. Trong nghin cu ny, h s t
phng in ca c quy c coi bng 0. Trong trng
hp tnh ton lp t h thng c quy cng nghip,
dung lng ca h thng c chn l 1.2E
max_bat
, vi
E
max_bat
l gi tr cc i ca E
bat
.
Ngy nay, c quy axt ch ang chim u th v
gi thnh r (khong $150/kWh). Gi thnh loi c
quy ny s gim trong tng lai (khong $100/kWh)
trong vi nm ti [8]. Cc thng s k thut khc nh
chi ph u t cho c quy cng nghip, chi ph khai
thc v bo tr, tui th trung bnh hoc s ln
phng/np hon chnh ly theo bng 1.

3.7. Bin tn v chnh lu
Chi ph ca bin tn vo khong 120 /kW cng sut
danh nh (theo s liu thng mi). Tui th ca
chng l 10 nm v hiu sut ph thuc cng sut u
ra. Cc chi ph khai thc v bo tr ca chnh lu v
bin tn u bao gm trong chi ph h thng. Cc
h thng pin mt tri, pin nhin liu hydro v c quy
cng nghip cn s dng bin tn DC/AC (hnh 1).
Cng sut danh nh ca bin tn ti mi h thng
c tnh bi:

_max e
inv
inv
P
P
h

(7)
vi
inv
P - cng sut danh nh ca bin tn [W] ;
_ max e
P - cng sut cc i u ra ca h thng pin
mt tri, pin nhin liu hoc c quy cng nghip (khi
phng) ;
inv
h - hiu sut bin tn (thng c chn
l 0,95 trong tnh ton ti u kinh t - k thut).
i vi chnh lu AC/DC ch c h thng c quy
cng nghip s dng ti (hnh 1). Chi ph ca chnh
lu hin nay vo khong 70 /kW vi tui th 10 nm
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Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

VCCA-2011
v hiu sut l 0,9. Cng sut danh nh ca chnh lu
c tnh bi:

_max e
rec
rec
P
P
h

(8)
vi
rec
P - cng sut danh nh ca chnh lu [W] ;
_max e
P - nng lng u vo cc i ca h thng c
quy cng nghip (khi np) ,
rec
h - hiu sut chnh lu.

4. Tnh ton ti u h thng
Gi thit phn thy in nh chim t hn 5% ph ti
trung bnh ngy. Ta xc nh c s lng tuc bin
thy in (N
h
). 8760 gi tr s liu theo gi i vi tc
gi trung bnh, bc x mt tri v ph ti in
c s dng (1 nm). Gi tr ti u v s lng tuc
bin gi (N
w_opt
) v s lng tm pin mt tri (N
pv_opt
)
c xc nh sao cho tng nng lng d tha v
tng nng lng thiu gia ph ti v ngun pht
trong 1 nm t cc tiu. Thng qua cc cp gi tr
N
h
, N
w_opt
, N
pv_opt
v cc thng s trong bng 1 ta tnh
c ng cong sn xut in ti to tng ng
( )
RE
E t . Ti thi im t, tng nng lng ti to sn
xut ra bng:
_ _
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
RE h h w opt w pv opt pv
E t N E t N E t N E t
vi ( )
h
E t - nng lng sn xut bi thy in nh
[kWh], ( )
w
E t - nng lng gi [kWh] v ( )
pv
E t -
nng lng mt tri [kWh]. Trong t l s nguyn
chy t 1 n 8760. Chnh lch nng lng gia sn
xut v tiu th theo gi ti thi im t l:

( ) ( ) ( )
RE L
E t E t E t
(9)
vi ( )
L
E t - ph ti theo gi ti thi im t tnh theo
kWh. b nng lng thiu, ta c th dng cc h
thng pin nhin liu, my pht diesel hay ngn hng
c quy cng nghip. Trng hp h thng b nng
lng l pin nhin liu hoc my pht in diesel, s
lng my pht c xc nh bng thng s (lm
trn) gia ln ca cc tiu ng cong ( ) E t
chia cho cng sut danh nh tng ng. Trong
trng hp s dng c quy cng nghip, s lng c
quy c xc nh theo quy tc LPSP (Loss of Power
Supply Probability) [6,9].
min_bat
E v
max_bat
E l nng
lng cc tiu v cc i c xc nh theo quy tc
ny. Dung lng h thng c quy cng nghip tnh
theo:

_ max_ min_
1, 2
cap bat bat bat
E E E
(1
0)
S lng ti u cc c quy c xc nh bi
thng s (lm trn) gia
_ cap bat
E

v cng sut danh
nh ca mi n v c quy. Gii php s dng c quy
b in c th thc hin c trong trng hp
phn tn thnh cc h thng c quy nh hn trong
mng in.

5. Kt qu m phng
Bng 2 lit k 9 phng n kt hp gia cc h thng
sn xut in ti to v h thng b thiu in (d
phng). Trc ht, h thng tng hp nng lng
thy in nh - pin mt tri tuc bin gi hoc ch c
tuc bin gi pin mt tri kt hp vi d phng bng
pin nhin liu cho php kh nng khai thc ti u cc
ngun ti to vi chi ph chp nhn c (nh phng
n 1, 4 v 7). Tuy vng Perpignan a Trung Hi
th tim nng thy in cha c ch trng nhng
nu tng s lng tuc bin thy in th r rng s
gp phn gim chi ph u t cng nh gi thnh theo
kWh do tuc bin thy in khng tiu th xng du,
khng pht kh thi CO
2
v tui th my cao.

Bng 2. Cc phng n phi hp h thng in ti to v b in.

451
Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

VCCA-2011

Cc phng n 3, 6 v 9 cho thy khi s dng my
pht in diesel cho d phng (b in) th gi thnh
r nht nu so snh vi trng hp s dng pin nhin
liu (phng n 1, 4 v 7) hay s dng c quy cng
nghip (phng n 2, 5 v 8) nhng ngc li n sinh
ra lng ln CO
2
thy r. Ta cng thy rng chi ph
cho vic s dng c quy cng nghip lm h thng d
phng l rt cao so vi cc phng n cn li. Tm
li, cu hnh h thng a ngun s dng tuc bin gi -
pin mt tri thy in nh kt hp vi pin nhin
liu hydro l kt hp c nhiu trin vng nht, cho
php khai thc hiu qu cc ngun ti to ca vng
Perpignan a Trung Hi m khng lm nhim
mi trng cng nh gi thnh sn xut in nng c
th chp nhn c.

6. Kt lun
Bi bo trnh by nghin cu v ti u ha cu trc
mt h thng sn xut in nng s dng cc ngun
nng lng s dng s liu ca vng Perpignan a
Trung Hi. Kt qu nghin cu ny gp phn xy
dng m un ti u cu trc trong phn mm nh
my in o phc v qun l cc ngun nng lng
ca vng. Vi mt cu trc hp l, chng ta c th s
dng ti a cc ngun ti to, gi thnh sn xut in
tt v t pht sinh kh thi nh knh, ph hp vi mc
tiu nghin cu v pht trin nng lng ngy nay.

Ti liu tham kho
[1] http://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/Les-energies-
renouvelables-en.html.
[2] http://www.grenelle2015.fr.
[3] http://www.perpignanmediterranee.com.
[4] D. Saheb-Koussa, M. Haddadi, M. Belhamel,
Economic and technical study of a hybrid
system (wind-photovoltaic-diesel) for rural
electrification in Algeria, Applied Energy, vol.
86, pp. 1024-1030.
[5] M.A. Elhadidy, S.M. Shaahid, Promoting
applications of hybrid (wind-photovoltaic-
diesel-battery) power systems in hot regions,
Renewable Energy, vol. 29, pp. 517-528, 2004.
[6] S. Ashok, Optimised model for community-
based hybrid energy system, Renewable Energy,
vol. 32, pp. 1155-1164, 2007.
[7] A. Kaabeche, M. Belhamel, R. Ibtiouen, S.
Moussa, M.R. Benhaddadi, Optimisation d'un
systme hybride (olien-photovoltaque)
totalement autonome, Revue des nergies
renouvelables, vol. 9, pp. 199-209, 2006.
[8] http://www.nordex-
online.com/fileadmin/MEDIA/Produktinfos/EN/
Nordex_N60_F.pdf.
[9] http://www.sharp.fr/produits/modules_photovolt
aiques/nu180e1.html.
[10] EGEM, Gestion de lnergie et efficacit
nergtique, vol. 4, Lavoisier, Paris, 2007.
[11] D.R. Brown, R. Jones, An Overview of
Stationary Fuel Cell Technology, Pacific
Northwest National Laboratory, U.S.
Department of Energy, 1999.
[12] Wrtsil 20 Powerskid,
http://www.wartsila.com/wartsila20.
[13] M. Sedighizadeh, A. Rezazadeh, Comparison
between Batteries and Fuel Cells for
Photovoltaic System Backup, Word Academy of
Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 36,
2007.
[14] B.S. Borrowy, Z.M. Salameh, Methodology for
Optimally Sizing the Combination Battery Bank
and PV Array in a Wind/PV Hybrid System,
IEEE Transaction on Energy Conversion, vol.
12, pp. 73-78, 1997.


Trn Vn Giang was born on 1980. He received
the MSc. in Automatic Control from Hanoi
University of Science and Technology in 2005.
From 2003 to 2006 he is a lecturer at the Electric
Power University (EPU). He received the PhD. in
Renewal Energy and Automatic Control from the
University of Perpignan Via Domitia (France) in
2010.
Now he is a lecturer and researcher of EPU, he is conducting post-
doc research at INPG (Grenoble, France). His main research topics
include renewal energy systems, control and automation, statistical
and neural techniques, data centers in supercomputer systems.


Grieu Stphane is Associate Professor since
2005 at the University of Perpignan Via Domitia
(France). He has been a doctor in engineering
sciences since 2003 and he has obtained a post-
doctoral degree in 2009. His research activity
mainly focuses on managing and controlling
environmental systems. He uses control and
artificial intelligence tools.
Stphane Grieu worked until 2006 on the modeling and the
optimization of biological processes for wastewater treatment. Now,
he works on both the management of energy resources and the
energy performance in buildings. He works also on the
characterization of building materials with the aim of locating and
identifying structural, as well as invisible, defects.


Trn Quc Tun earned his M2R, Doctor of
Electrical Engineering and Accreditation to
supervise research (HDR) at the Grenoble
Institute of Technology (INPG) - France,
respectively in 1989, 1993 and 2000. He is
currently working at the National Institute of
Solar Energy (INES).
His research interests include electrical engineering, innovative
systems and renewable energy.


Trn Hoi Linh was born on 1974. He received
his MSc. in Applied Informatics, PhD. in
Electrical Engineering and habilitation in
Electrical Engineering and Artificial Intelligence
from Warsaw University of Technology in 1997,
2000 and 2005 respectively. In 2007 he was
promoted to an Associate Professor of Electrical
Engineering in Vietnam.
Now Trn Hoi Linh works at School of Electrical Engineering
(Hanoi University of Science and Technology). His main research
topics include the application of artificial intelligence in
measurement, control and automation, intelligent devices and expert
systems.
452