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Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

Nghin cu xy dng v pht trin mng gim st, iu khin khng dy s dng giao thc zigbee/Miwi Research and development wireless sensor network using zigbee/Miwi protocol
Don t Phc Trng HBK i Hc Nng e-Mail: phuocddat@gmail.com Trn Thi Anh u Khoa in, Trng HBK i Hc Nng e-Mail: tranthaianhau2001@yahoo.com Tm tt
H thng mng gim st v iu khin khng dy hin ang l mt trong nhng ch nghin cu ni bt v c nhiu tim nng ng dng to ln trong nhiu lnh vc nh t ng ha ta nh, nh my cng nh cc ng dng iu khin qu trnh. Bi bo ny trnh by nghin cu thit k mt h thng gim st v iu khin khng dy in hnh s dng giao thc Zigbee/Miwi phc v cho th nghim cng nh qu trnh thng mi ha sn phm. Trong , ch trng n kh nng sinh m t ng v cp nht chng trnh t ng cho ton b h thng, nhng tnh nng gip ch rt nhiu trong qu trnh pht trin cng nh bo dng, nng cp h thng sau ny. (ch khong 8000 nt mng) nhng cung cp cc tnh nng tng ng Zigbee, ng thi min ph khi thng mi ha. Ti Vit Nam, qu trnh nghin cu xy dng v pht trin cc h thng gim st v iu khin khng dy trong nhng nm gn y bt u. Tuy nhin, hin vn cn nhiu hn ch t vic thit k tng th h thng cho ti lp trnh ng dng cho tng nt mng ring bit. Trong bi bo ny, nhm tc gi trnh by mt gii php thit k mt h thng mng gim st, iu khin khng dy s dng chun Zigbee/Miwi nhanh gn, t tn km, d pht trin cng nh m rng, nng cp trong tng lai. Gii php ny c th c s dng trong cc phng nghin cu chuyn bit v mng gim st, iu khin khng dy cng nh cho cc cng ty chuyn thit k pht trin h thng vi mc tiu m bo kh nng a sn phm ra th trng mt cch nhanh nht, chi ph thit k, pht trin, nng cp mc thp v kh nng m rng, nng cp cng nh bo tr, bo dng d dng. 1.2. Gii thiu s b v mng gim st v iu khin khng dy Theo [1], mt h thng mng gim st v iu khin khng dy in hnh c m t nh hnh H.1. y l cu trc mng a lp vi nhiu loi thit b nt mng khc nhau: nhm thit b RFD (rt gn tnh nng), nhm thit b FFD (y tnh nng), nhm thit b bc cu giao tip (kt ni ton b mng gim st iu khin khng dy vi h thng truyn thng hin c). Trong cc nhm thit b ny, ty vo chc nng nhim v c th, chng s c phn thnh nhiu loi khc nhau. V d theo [2], c nhm thit b iu khin hon ton, bn iu khin, nhm thit b c nh, di ng ...

Abstract
Wirelss Sensor Networks is currently one of emerging research topics as its potential applications in building automation, factory automation and process control systems. This paper presents a framework to rapidly, flexibly implemeting a typical wireless sensors networks using Zigbee/Miwi protocol for laboratorial purpose as well as commercial purpose. Automatd C-code generation and network programming for the whole systems which is very useful for developer is foscused.

1. Gii thiu
1.1. Tng quan Mng gim st v iu khin khng dy ang l mt trong nhng hng nghin cu ni bt trong lnh vc h thng nhng. Cng vi s ra i ca b tiu chun truyn thng khng dy IEEE 802.15.4, hng lot giao thc mng v ang c nghin cu, thit k v pht trin. Cc b giao thc mng a dng t quy m h thng, kh nng tng thch cho ti cc yu cu ng dng trong thc t. Nu nh Zigbee c ng o cc nh sn xut hu thun v tnh tng thch cao, quy m h thng cc ln (ln nkhong 65000 nt mng) nhng cn tn ph bn quyn nu mun thng mi ha sn phm; th Miwi, mt giao thc c pht trin bi hng Microchip mt trong nhng nh sn xut linh kin in t ln nht ca M - Tuy gii hn s lng s nt mng trong 1 h thng

2. Xy dng mng gim st v iu khin khng dy vi giao thc Zigbee/Miwi


2.1. Thit k h thng 2.1.1. Thit k phn cng Kin trc phn cng tng th ca mt nt mng gm c 2 phn: n v li (Core Unit): l n v c bn ca thit b. Trong nhiu trng hp, thit b iu phi (iu phi trung tm, iu phi vin) ch cn c n v ny l c th tin hnh thnh lp mng,

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Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011

o
H. 1
S

Mng gim st v iu khin khng dy in hnh.


ANALOG DIGITAL SPI
M RNG

MRF24J 40MA

PIC 18F46K20

M RNG

DATA STORAGE

MODULE

N V LI

H. 2

S khi phn cng ca thit b

iu phi mng. n v li gm: Vi iu khin chnh, m un truyn thng RF, cng m rng v b nh lu tr. M un chc nng: l m un thc hin chc nng ca thit b. M un ny c th l h thng cc cm bin, c cu chp hnh hoc cc cng m rng cho n v li. M un c th kt ni vi n v li thng qua cc cng kt ni c sn nh analog, digital hoc SPI, I2C. Trong mi trng th nghim, cc khi moun c thit k trn bn mch ring thun li cho vic th nghim. Trong ti ny, nhm tc gi xy dng thit b vi cu trc phn cng nh sau: n v li: s dng vi iu khin PIC18F46K20, m un truyn thng RF MRF24J40MA, cng giao tip A/D vi Port A, khi n LED, khi nt bm tng tc, cng PWM/Digital (4 knh), cng giao tip RS232. M un chc nng: cm bin nh sng, cm bin nhit , khi nt bm, mch iu khin ng c mt chiu cng sut nh tch hp sn encoder, 2.1.1.1. M un truyn thng khng dy Microchip MRF24J40MA

H. 3

M un MRF24J40MA

M un truyn thng MRF24J40MA s dng IC thu pht RF MRF24J40 c pht trin bi Microchip. M un ny tng thch chun IEEE 802.15.4, h tr cc giao thc ZigBee, Miwi, Miwi P2P. M un ny tiu tn t nng lng: khi hot ng 3.3V th dng hot ng l 19mA cho ch thu v 23mA khi pht, ch ng ch tiu tn 2A. Tn s hot ng: 2,405 2,46 GHz. Tc truyn d liu: 250 kbps (tiu chun) 625 kbps (kch hot) Khong cch thu pht: 120m(l tng), 50-70m (thc t, ngoi tri khng c thit b gy nhiu, khng vt cn tr), 20-30m (thc t, trong nh nhiu sng wifi, sng in thoi khng dy, tng cn tr) nhy tn hiu: -95dBm. Cng sut pht: +0dBm. Tch hp lc nhiu, lc kha ph. Tch hp b ADC RSSI (cng tn hiu). Truy cp knh CSMA-CA, t ng phn hi tin ACK. H tr CCA, qut mc nng lng ED/RSSI. Kh nng ti pht bc in. M ha phn cng AES-128. 2.1.1.2. Microchip PIC18F46K20 Vi iu khin c s dng np chng trnh nhng giao thc Miwi phi tho mn yu cu ti thiu v b nh chng trnh (9-15KB) v b nh RAM (1KB) ca ng dng ng thi phi tit kim nng lng. Trong cc dng sn phm vi iu khin ca Microchip th ch c dng nanoWatt XLP l dng tiu th nng lng t (ch ng 1,8V dng ch khong

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Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011


100nA). Vi iu khin ny hot ng mc in p 3,3V c cc thng s c bn sau: B nh chng trnh 64KB. B nh d liu Data EEPROM 1KB. B nh RAM 3936 byte. Hot ng vi xung x l t 31KHz 64MHz (c kch hot vng kha pha PLL) cho tc x l 16MIPS ti a. Tit kim nng lng. Ngoi vi a dng: EUSART, SPI, I2C, CCP, ECCP, PWM, ADC 10bit 2.1.2. Thit k phn mm 2.1.2.1. Tng quan Thng thng, cc nh pht trin mng gim st iu khin khng dy thng pht trin ring l tng nt mng hoc tng nhm nt mng. Cc chng trnh ng dng c lp trnh bng C hoc nesC, ri c bin dch, np th cng ln tng thit b. Cch lm ny khng nhng tn thi gian, khng hiu qu m cn gy kh khn cho vic bo tr, nng cp ton b h thng trong tng lai v mt khi c li pht sinh trong h thng, nh pht trin cn phi r li chng trnh ca tng nt mng mt, thc hin thao tc g ri ri lp li cng on bin dch, np th cng ln cc thit b . H thng cng nhiu nt mng bao nhiu th qu trnh ny cng gy mt thi gian v tn km by nhiu. Do , nhm tc gi xy dng chng trnh ng dng da trn bootloader v chng trnh chnh np trn b nh flash ngoi my. Lc ny ng dng ca thit b nt mng c thc thi theo lu hnh 4. Hnh bn tri l lu thc thi thng thng ca chng trnh np trn vi iu khin, hnh bn phi l lu thc thi khi c s dng chng trnh mi khi ng. Chng trnh mi khi ng c np cng ln trn vi iu khin trong khi chng trnh chnh c chp vo b nh flash nm ngoi, khi vi iu khin bt u lm vic, n s thc thi chng trnh mi khi ng np chng trnh chnh vo b nh t lp trnh li vi iu khin, sau vi iu khin s thc thi chng trnh c np ny. t ng c m t nh sau: Th vin chng trnh: B th vin chng trnh l th vin cha trnh iu khin thit b ngoi vi, cc khai bo v phn cng cng nh th vin cc hm c bn, m rng m vi iu khin h tr. Cc th tc hm, khai bo bin lun c khai bo trc trong cc tp tin header (.h), trong khi phn m thc thi c lu gi cc tp tin .c. Phn loi cc nhm th tc hm, khai bo bin nh sau: Nhm cu hnh: gm cc khai bo v phn cng nh tc hot ng ca vi iu khin, loi thch anh, cc thng tin cu hnh, cc th tc khi to cn thit, Nhm cc th tc, hm chc nng c bn: nh cc php tnh CRC, checksum, nh thi, php tnh ton hc, Nhm giao tip truyn thng khng dy: cha cc khai bo, trnh iu khin mun khng dy. Trong bi bo ny, tc gi s dng m un MRF24J40 ca Microchip nn th vin c s dng y l b giao thc Miwi DE v Zigbee Stack c Microchip pht trin. Nhm giao tip ngoi vi khc: cha cc hm thc thi SPI, EUSRAT, I2C, CANbus, TCP/IP, Nhm cc th tc, hm chc nng m rng: cha cc th tc lm vic vi b nh flash ngoi, cc cm bin, c cu chp hnh, b to xung PWM, b ADC, cc th tc np firmware t xa qua mng khng dy cho vi iu khin, Cc th tc, hm nu trn lun c tin khai bo trong cc header ca chng trnh. Ngoi ra, trong mi hm, th tc lun c cc hook c to trc cho vic g li. Khi bt ch g li, chng trnh trong cc hook ny s c hot ng, cung cp thng tin chi tit v khi lnh ang c thc thi. Chng trnh to m C t ng: Chng trnh to m t ng s c cc thng tin c khai bo trong cc header ca th vin chng trnh trn, sau t chc li v to thnh b c s d liu tm tt c t cc hm, th tc ca th vin. Cc bc tin hnh to m t ng nh sau: Khi to h thng: khi to thm mu hoc khi to mi nh: la chn giao thc mng, s t chc mng, knh hot ng, s lng cc nt mng, cc nhm nht mng, Cu hnh cho tng nhm thit b trong mng: nhm cm bin, nhm c cu chp hnh, nhm trung gian, Cu hnh cho tng thit b ring l trong mng: nu cn phi thit lp cu hnh ring l cho tng thit b nht nh trong mng th ngi dng c th thit lp ti khu ny. B sung m ty chnh: chng trnh cho php ngi dng thm vo cc on m ty chnh. Tin hnh sinh m t ng.

H. 4

Lu thc thi chng trnh: bn tri l ng dng bnh thng, bn phi l ng dng c s dng chng trnh np khi ng.

2.1.2.2. Chng trnh sinh m C t ng Quy trnh hot ng ca chng trnh sinh m C

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- Khai bo phn cng, bin, b nh... - Cc hm c bn - B giao thc truyn thg Zigbee Stack/ MiWi DE - B th vin cc chc nng ngoi vi - Th vin m rng

B d liu th vin chng trnh

Cc tp tin Header

Bng m t tm tt cc hm, ... th vin chng trnh C

Bt u

Chng trnh Sinh m C t ng

Cu hnh H thng

Cu hnh ng dng cho cc nhm thit b

Cc on m b sung

Sinh m C cho ton h thng

Cu hnh cho tng thit b

H. 5

Quy trnh hot ng ca chng trnh sinh m C t ng.

2.3. Th nghim Trong quy m phng th nghim, h thng c thit lp gm 6 nt mng s hnh mt li. Cm bin khi, cm bin nhit , vi phun nc, thit b GSM/GPRS, cm bin pht hin ngi l cc mun chc nng c gn trn cc nt mng. Thit b trung tm ng c kt ni vi my tnh thng qua cng RS232, ngoi cu hnh phn cng tng t cc nt mng khc th thit b ny cn c b nh flash ph l 8Mbits, dng lu tr chng trnh thc thi ca cc nhm thit b trong mng. Kch bn hot ng: Kch bn 1: Ban u h thng n gin ch gm cm bin khi, cm bin nhit v vi phun nc. Khi cm bin khi pht hin c lng khi trong phng cao hn ngng cho php (gi s l ngng 25ppm) th lp tc pht tn hiu bo chy thng qua ci v vi phun nc t ng c bt dp tt la. Kch bn ny s hot ng tt trong trng hp phng khng c ai ht thuc, hoc s lng ngi ht thuc rt t (vn m bo t hn ngng cho php). Gi s nu nh cn phng trn cha y ngi ht thuc, nhit trong phng cng s cao hn mc bnh thng, lng khi trong phng cng cao hn mc cho php, r rng ngay lp tc h thng pht tn hiu bo chy v tin hnh phun nc dp la.

Kch bn 2: H thng tin hnh nng cp c lp t thm cm bin pht hin ngi, v thit b GPRS/GSM. Lc ny, h thng hot ng theo mt kch bn khc: khi cm bin pht hin c ngi trong phng, th lc ny ngng cho php ca cm bin khi s c tng ln, trng hp cn phng vi nhiu ngi ht thuc s c h thng hiu l khng phi tnh trng chy nhng h thng ng thi kch hot qut ht y khi thuc ra ngoi. Nu lng khi vn tip tc vt qu ngng cho php, h thng lc ny mi pht tn hiu bo chy v bt vi phun nc cha chy. Trong trng hp phng khng c ngi, h thng pht hin c khi trong phng th lp tc pht tn hiu bo chy, bt vi phun nc v ng thi gi cnh bo qua GSM/GPRS n a ch c thit lp trc. H thng c th nghim vi giao thc Zigbee v Miwi. Trong c hai trng hp, h thng vn hnh tt, nh c kh nng np chng trnh qua khng dy cho nn nhm tc gi ch cn np chng trnh ln thit b trung tm, t thit b trung tm np ln cc thit b tng ng khc. Qu trnh t ng np chng trnh khng dy ny thng mt t 30-60 pht ty thuc vo mi trng v khong cch gia cc nt mng vi nt mng trung tm.

H. 6

Giao din chng trnh gim st.

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Hi ngh ton quc v iu khin v T ng ho - VCCA-2011 3. Kt lun:


Bi bo trnh by cch thc xy dng nhanh chng, hiu qu v tit kim chi ph mt h thng mng gim st v iu khin khng dy hon chnh. Tuy chng trnh sinh m t ng v chng trnh gim st cn mc n gin, nhng ha hn tim nng ng dng ln khi c hon thin sau ny. Trong thi gian sp ti, nhm tc gi s ci tin phng thc np khng dy gim thi gian cp nht cho h thng, ng thi xy dng b th vin chun cho cc nn tng khng dy s dng chun IEEE 802.15.4 khc nh ZStack ca TI.

Ti liu tham kho


[1] [2] Daniel Sexton: SP100.11a Overview. ISA, 2007. Keith M. Martin and Maura Paterson: An Application-Oriented Framework for Wireless Sensor Network Key Establishment. Electron. Notes Theor. Comput. Sci. 192, 2 (May 2008), 31-41. Gungor, V.C; Hancke, G.P.: Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks: Challenges, Design Principles, and Technical Approaches. Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, Oct 2009. Harish R, Dhananjay L., B.S. Prabhu and Rajit Gadh: ReWINS: A Distributed Multi-RF Sensor Control Network for Industrial Automation. IEEE Wireless Telecommunication Symposium WTS 2005.

[3]

[4]

Biography
Thc s Trn Thi Anh u, Trng i hc Bch Khoa i hc Nng. Tt nghip i hc ngnh Tin hc Cng nghip nm 2004 ti trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni. Nhn bng Thc s ngnh o lng v H thng iu khin nm 2007 trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni. T nm 2007 n nay: Cn b trng i hc Bch khoa - i hc Nng. K s Don t Phc sinh nm 1987. Tt nghip i hc ngnh T ng ha nm 2011 ti trng i hc Bch Khoa i hc Nng. Hng nghin cu chnh l thit k v thc hin cc h thng o lng, iu khin, cc h thng nhng ng dng trong t ng ha.

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