Gii thiu ngn ng truy vn MDX

Ngn ng MDX(MultiDemensional eXpression ) l ngn ng truy vn cho c s d liu nhiu chiu, n tng t ngn ng SQL cho c s d liu dng quan h , tuy nhin y l ngn ng tnh ton v th n tng c c php ging cng thc ca bng tnh. MDX do Microsoft gii thiu vo nm 1997 cng vi SQL Server 7.0 nhanh chng c cc nh pht trin chp nhn tr thnh chun cho h thng OLAP. T nm 2001 khi XMLA ra i MDX c m rng v h tr truy vn vi MDX (MDXML). Ngn ng MDX h tr mnh cho tnh ton trn khi d liu nhiu chiu, n h tr vic truy cp d liu mt cch trc quan v d dng. Ngi dng c th trch xut d liu t cube vi s chiu bt k. MDX c th tr li c cc cu hi phc tp trong kinh doanh th gii thc nh: trong cc khu vc bn c nhiu sn phm nht u l dng sn phm bn chy nht? . MDX c xy dng cho cc h thng phn tch d liu chnh v th n c th x l c nhng truy vn mt cch d dng. MDX c th x l d liu mt cch mm do, kt qu tr v ca MDX cng rt linh hot. Cc php truy vn phc tp trong SQL nh pivot c s dng mt cch d dng trong MDX. MDX khng h tr cc ngn ng nh ngha d liu (DDL) tuy nhin ngn ng thao tc d liu (DML) ca MDX c h tr thc thi mt s thao tc nh ngha d liu. Cu trc ca MDX ging nh SQL nhng m rng hn thao tc vi c s d liu nhiu chiu. Mnh SELECT dng xc nh cc chiu cu tp hp kt qu. Mnh FROM xc nh ngun d liu(cube) dng ly d liu Mnh WHERE dng xc nh chiu ct d liu , nhm lc d liu u ra. Truy vn MDX c th cha cc thng tin nh sau : - S lng chiu (ti a 128 chiu). - Cc thnh vin ca mi chiucho tng chiu. - Tn khi d liu - Cc thnh vin t mt chiu dng ct (lc).

Pht biu SELECT ca cu truy vn MDX cn h tr cc c php tu chn khc, nh l t kha WITH v vic s dng cc hm MDX xy dng cc thnh vin bng vic tnh ton thm vo 1 trc hoc 1 chiu ct. C php ca cu truy vn MDX tng t nh c php SQL, tuy nhin, c 1 s khc bit nh sau : - C php MDX phn bit cc tp hp bng vic dng du ngoc nhn { } bao quanh cc b hay thnh vin. - Cu truy vn MDX c th cha ti 128 chiu, nhng ch c 5 chiu u tin l c aliase (tn ph). Mt trc c th c tham chiu bi th t ca n trong cu MDX hay bi tn ph ca n nu c. - Trong cu truy vn SQL, mnh FROM c th ch n nhiu bng d liu. Tuy nhin, mnh FROM trong cu truy vn MDX b gii hn 1 khi duy nht. Thng tin t cc khi khc c th c tham kho theo tng gi tr bng cch dng hm LookupCube. - Mnh WHERE c dng m t chiu ct d liu. Nu 1 chiu khng c cp trong mnh WHERE, SQL Analysis Services vn xem n l 1 chiu ct, nhng c lc theo s thnh vin mc nh ca n. Mnh WHERE c th thay i tin trnh lc cho 1 chiu no , gip tinh chnh d liu kt qu.