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Nghin cu v thit k giao thc truyn thng CAN ng dng trong h thng xp hng t ng Research and design CAN protocol in queue management system
PGS.TS on Quang Vinh Khoa in, Trng HBK i Hc Nng e-Mail: dqvinh@dut.udn.vn Trn Thi Anh u Khoa in, Trng HBK i Hc Nng e-Mail: tranthaianhau2001@yahoo.com Tm tt
Giao thc CAN ngy cng c s dng rng ri trong nhiu ng dng cng nghip, dn sinh. Mt trong nhng h thng phc v dn sinh i hi yu cu cht lng cao v truyn d liu l h thng xp hng t ng. Bi bo cp n vic s dng giao thc CAN trong thit k mt gii php truyn thng cho h thng xp hng t ng. CAN c s dng trong ngnh cng nghip sn xut t, gip h thng in trn t n nh, an ton v tit kim nng lng hn, ng thi gip gim phc tp trong vic kt ni cc dy dn gia hng ngn thit b trn t. u im ni bt ca giao thc CAN l tnh n nh v an ton. Vic s dng c ch pht hin v x l li cc mnh, t l li trong gi tin truyn CAN l rt thp. Chnh nh nhng u im ni tri nh vy, ngy nay, CAN c s dng trong rt nhiu ngnh cng nghip khc. Ngy nay, CAN c chun ha thnh tiu chun ISO11898. Hu nh mi nh sn xut chip ln nh: Intel, Motorola, Maxim IC, Fairchild, Microchip, Philips, Texas Instrument, ... u c sn xut ra chip CAN, hoc c tch hp m un CAN vo vi iu khin. Trong , hng Microchip h tr rt mnh giao thc CAN. Rt nhiu dng vi iu khin ca hng tch hp m un CAN, gip cho vic pht trin cc ng dng da trn CAN tr nn n gin, nhanh v chi ph thp. Gii php a ra y l s dng cc b iu khin CAN gm vi iu khin PIC 18F4580 tch hp modun CAN v chip chuyn i tn hiu CAN MCP2551 ca Microchip. Trong ni dung bi bo, nhm tc gi tp trung xy dng giao thc CAN trong truyn thng ca h thng xp hng t ng. Vic thit k chc nng h thng xp hng t ng nh: phng php phn phi d liu, cc chc nng hin th, bm s, iu khin my in t vi iu khin v.v... l mt vn khc khng cp y. 2.2. Cc yu cu cht lng ca mt h thng xp hng t ng H thng xp hng t ng cn m bo cc yu cu c bn nh sau: Truyn thng a ch (Multi- Master): Trong hot ng ca h thng, nhiu thi im, nhn vin ti nhiu bn c th gi s cng mt lc, hoc ti thi im gi c ngi bm s ly phiu. Nh vy, mi nt mng trong mng truyn thng c quyn truyn d liu bt c thi im no. c im ny s khng c c khi ta s dng cc giao thc truyn theo kiu ch- t (master-slaver) Xc xut li phi thp: Mi yu cu gi s ca nhn vin ti cc bn hoc vic ly phiu ca khch hng
Abstract
CAN protocol has been more and more widely used in many industrial and civil applications. Queue management system requires good quality in data communication. This article refers to the use of CAN protocol to design a data communication solution of Querry management system.
1. Gii thiu
H thng xp hng t ng hay cn gi l h thng ly phiu t ng, hin ang c ng dng rng ri ti cc phng v, nh ga, sn bay, bnh vin, ngn hng, cc h thng mt ca ca cc s, ban, ngnh. Hin nay, phng php truyn d liu gia cc b iu khin my in, cc b iu khin ti cc bn v b iu khin trung tm thng dng 2 giao thc: giao thc t nh ngha da trn RS 485 hoc Ethernet. Gii php s dng giao thc t nh ngha trn chun RS 485 c u im l n gin v gi thnh thp. Tuy nhin, nhc im ln nht ca n l n nh khng cao, c bit khi c nhiu thao tc trong h thng cng lc. Gii php s dng giao thc Ethernet c u im l n nh cao. Tuy nhin, nhc im l chi ph cao, do mun truyn ethernet phi thay cc b iu khin ca cc bn bng cc my tnh. Vi thc trng , bi bo xut mt gii php truyn thng s dng giao thc CAN cho h thng xp hng t ng, va c gi thnh thp, va m bo n nh ca h thng.
VCCA-2011
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H. 2
H. 1
2.3.2. m bo an ton d liu trong phn x xung t ng truyn Nu ti mt thi im, c ng thi nhiu nt mng cng bt u truyn d liu, vic phn gii ng truyn s c thc hin theo cc c ch sau: Bt tri (dominant) t bt ln (recessive) Truyn lng nghe- quyt nh tip tc truyn Trong c ch ny, cc bt truyn i mang tnh tri (bt logic 0) hoc mang tnh ln (bt logic 1). Khi bt tri v bt ln cng xut hin trn ng truyn, bt tri s t bt ln v ng truyn mang tn hiu tri. Mi nt mng (node) s truyn tng bt ca chui bit nh danh (Identifier), sau khi mi bt c truyn, c tn hiu ng truyn v so snh: nu khng bng nhau s i vo ch lng nghe (listening only). Gi s ti 1 thi im, khi lng nghe thy ng truyn ri, c 3 nt mng cng bt u truyn d liu.
Khi truyn bt 2, nt mng 1 truyn i bt tri (bt 1), nt mng 3 truyn i bt tri (bt 0), ng truyn mc tri, nt mng 1 c ng truyn v quyt nh dng truyn, gi tn hiu ln v i vo ch nghe. Sau khi nt mng 3 truyn xong gi tin, ng truyn ri, cc nt mng 2 v 1 s truyn li gi tin. C ch phn x ng truyn nh trn, m bo tnh u tin ca gi tin c gi i (gi tin c trng phn x b nht), m bo ton b cc nt mng c th gi d liu ng thi m khng s mt d liu. Khc vi mt s giao thc khc, khi c xung t, mt trong hai gi tin s b mt. y cng l tnh nng thit yu ca mt h thng xp hng t ng khi cc b iu khin bn ng thi truyn d liu v b iu khin trung tm. 2.3.3. Qun l li CAN s dng rt nhiu c ch qun l li : Li bit (Bit Error) Li nhi bt (Stuff Error) Li CRC (CRC Error) Li Form truyn (Form Error) Li xc nhn (Acknowledgement Error) Do , vic m bo cht lng truyn tin s c y ln mc cao nht. Xc sut 1 mt gi tin ca CAN b li m khng pht hin c l rt nh. Theo cc ti liu tham kho: Gi s c 0.7s th mi trng tc ng ln ng truyn CAN lm li 1 bit. V gi s tc truyn l 500kbits/s. Hot ng 8h/ngy v 365ngy/ nm. Th trong vng 1000 nm mi c mt frame b li m khng pht hin. 2.4. Xy dng h thng xp hng t ng dng giao thc CAN 2.4.1. M hnh h thng H thng gm: 1 b iu khin my in phiu (PRINTER CONTROLLER) cng bn phm
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H. 3
M hnh h thng
Mc nh, khi bt ngun, ton b h thng trong trng thi cha hot ng, ch tn hiu cho php t my tnh iu khin (m bo cho h thng hot ng ng b). Bm nt RUN trn giao din iu khin, my tnh truyn tn hiu cho php h thng (SYSTEM ENABLE) cho b iu khin trung tm. B iu khin trung tm gi tin nhn broadcast n ton b cc nt mng trong mng, cc nt mng nhn tn hiu bt u hot ng. Bn phm ca my in gm nhiu phm chc nng giao dch ca khch hng, mi chc nng tng ng vi 1 bn chc nng. V d: bm phm 3, khch hng s c bn 3 gi sau . Khch hng bm phm chc nng, b iu khin my in ra lnh my in xut phiu in s th t, s hiu bn cho khch hng, ng thi gi tn hiu n b iu khin trung tm, ni dung d liu gm: PRINT_ID, s hiu bn, s th t khch hng. Bn phm gi ti bn gm 2 phm: CALL- gi khch hng tip theo, RECALL- Gi li khch hng. Khi bm phm CALL, b iu khin bn tng s th t hin ti ln 1, hin th ra bng led, ng thi gi d liu n b iu khin trung tm gm: CALL_ID, S th t bn v s th t hin
ti. Khi bm phm RECALL, bo iu khin hin th s th t hin ti ra bng led, ng thi gi d liu n b iu khin trung tm gm: RECALL_ID, S th t bn v s th t hin ti. B iu khin trung tm nhn d liu t cc b iu khin bn v b iu khin my in, lu d liu ny vo b m. Nu b m d liu vn cha d liu v bt bo my tnh bn bng 0 (PC_BUSY=0), b iu khin trung tm tin hnh gi d liu ln my tnh. Mi ln gi d liu, thit lp bt bo my tnh bn ln 1 (trnh trng hp, my tnh ang pht loa gi s th b gin on bi d liu khc gi ln t b iu khin trung tm). My tnh nhn d liu t b iu khin trung tm. Khi nhn c d liu, my tnh x l d liu, gi s th t n bn tng ng theo d liu nhn c, hin th s th t trn giao din gim st. Hon thnh gi, gi lnh xung b iu khin trung tm, xa bt bo my tnh bn (PC_BUSY=1) b iu khin trung tm gi d liu tip ln my tnh nu c. Trong qu trnh , my tnh lu tr v cp nht c s d liu.
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H. 4
2.4.3. Xy dng phn mm 2.4.3.1. Thut ton chng trnh b iu khin my in:
H. 5
Gii thch thut ton: (Xem hnh H.5) Mc nh, b iu khin my in cha c php hot ng. B iu khin my in bt u hot ng khi nhn c tn hiu cho php SYSTEM ENABLE t b iu khin trung tm. Da vo phm khch hng bm, b iu khin tng s th th tng ng: Numberi= numberi+1, i= 1-N, gi d liu ny ra lnh my in phiu, ng thi gi d liu n b iu khin trung tm theo giao thc CAN: ID ca gi tin l PRINT_ID, d liu l s th t Numberi v s hiu bn i. 2.4.3.2. Thut ton chng trnh b iu khin ti bn
Gii thch thut ton: (Xem hnh H.6) Mc nh, b iu khin ti bn cha c php hot ng. B iu khin ti bn bt u hot ng khi nhn c tn hiu cho php SYSTEM ENABLE t b iu khin trung tm. gi khch hng tip theo n giao dch, nhn vin bn th i bm phm CALL, b iu khin tng s th t hin ti ln 1 n v, cp nht bng led hin th, gi d liu n b iu khin trung tm theo CAN. ID ca gi tin l CALL_ID, d liu gm s th t Numberi, v s hiu bn i: CALL_ID + I + NUMBERI .
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H. 6
H. 7
Gii thch thut ton: (Xem hnh H.7) Mc nh, h thng cha hot ng. Ngi iu khin bm RUN, my tnh gi lnh cho b iu khin trung tm, b iu khin ny gi lnh SYSTEM_ENABLE n ton h thng. Trong khi my tnh ri, ch d liu gi t b iu khin trung tm pht loa gi s v cp nht d liu gim st, c s d liu. 2.4.3.4. Thut ton b iu khin trung tm Gii thch thut ton: (Xem hnh H.8)
B iu khin nhn d liu t my tnh (Data from PC): Nu d liu n l SYSTEM_ENABLE, b iu khin trung tm gi d liu CAN broadcast cho php ton b h thng: ID ca gi tin l ENABLE_ID Nhn d liu t mng CAN (Data from CAN), tng di b m ln, lu d liu vo b m: BUFF_COUNT++,
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H. 8
2.5. Kt qu ng dng thc t: H thng xp hng t ng ng dng giao thc truyn thng CAN c xy dng v a vo ng dng ti T mt ca lin thng, S k hoch v u t Thnh ph Nng. Chi ph xy dng h thng l thp, h thng chy n nh. H thng tha mn mi tiu ch ca h thng xp hng t ng yu cu: Thut ton x l ly phiu, gi s ng th t Cha pht hin trng hp h thng b qua yu cu ngi dng: khch hng n ly phiu v nhn vin vn hnh bn gi s H thng cha xy ra s c sau gn mt nm vn hnh
[3]
[4]
Mike Stanczyk.: Smart Sensor CAN Node using the MCP2510 and PIC16F876. Microchip Technology Inc, 2009 Keith Pazul.: Controller Area Network (CAN) Basics, Microchip Technology Inc, 2006
Biography
PGS. TS on Quang Vinh, Trng i hc Bch Khoa i hc Nng. Tt nghip i hc ngnh K thut in nm 1986 ti trng i hc in My Plzen, Tip Khc. Nhn bng Tin s ngnh K thut in nm 1996 ti trng i hc Ty Tip, Cng ha Sc. T nm 1987 n nay: Cn b trng i hc Bch khoa - i hc Nng. Thc s Trn Thi Anh u, Trng i hc Bch Khoa i hc Nng. Tt nghip i hc ngnh Tin hc Cng nghip nm 2004 ti trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni. Nhn bng Thc s ngnh o lng v H thng iu khin nm 2007 trng i hc Bch khoa H Ni. T nm 2007 n nay: Cn b trng i hc Bch khoa - i hc Nng.
3. KT LUN
Bi bo a ra mt gii php s dng giao thc truyn thng CAN vi chi ph thp, tnh n nh cao, p ng c nhu cu ca mt h thng trong thc t. Trong thi gian ti, nhm tc gi tip tc nghin cu a giao thc CAN vo ng dng trong cc dy chuyn sn xut trong cng nghip.
[2]
VCCA-2011
834