Unsafe Electrical Equipment and Connections

Eng. Sayed Sallam Sr. HSE Engineer Abu Dhabi Distribution Co. Municipality of Abu Dhabi 25 May 2011

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Main Topes
ADDC Introduction Electrical Hazard Unsafe work practices Elements of safe work practices Conclusion

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Introduction
ADWEA - ADDC Water and Electricity Sector in Emirate of Abu Dhabi is under control of the Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority (ADWEA). Abu Dhabi Distribution Co. one of ADWEA Companies, was formed from on 1 January 1999. The Company is responsible for the sale and distribution of water and electricity, including operations, maintenance, meter reading, and customer billing. Has 3000 direct employees and more than 3000 contractors employees working in behalf of ADDC ADDC provides services to 412,540 (Aug. 2010) Customers ensuring compliance with the highest quality standards to the customer satisfaction in Emirate of Abu Dhabi (excluding Al-Ain City). .
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Structure of the Water and Electricity Sector in Abu Dhabi

Distribution SCIPCO TAPCO

ECPC
GTTPC AMPC BPC

TRANSCO
Interconnection

APC
Se.CorP ADNOC
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ENG

ADDC

AADC
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ADDC Geographical Zones

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ADDC Core Objectives

To distribute water and electricity Reliably, Efficiently and Cost Effectively without compromise to Quality, Health, Safety and the Environment. To continue to evolve and develop in order to achieve and maintain our position of leadership within the regional utility sector and to ultimately compare favourably with world class companies in the sector. To support the rapid development of Abu Dhabi Emirate as the utility service provider of choice.

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Mission

To plan, develop, maintain and operate a reliable, secure, safe and cost effective water and electricity distribution system in Abu Dhabi. ADDC will achieve this in all areas of its operations by: Recruiting and developing a skilled workforce Adopting highly advanced international standards; codes of practice;

management methods and technology

Vision

ADDC is committed to supporting the Government vision by becoming a leading water

and electricity distribution company, comparable with the best in the world. ADDC will improve the quality and efficiency of its operations and customer service delivery.
Values Commitment to Customers Commitment to Employees
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- Ethical Behavior & Integrity - Excellence

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Teamwork & Trust

ADDC Priorities
Service Delivery Perspective
1 - CUSTOMER ADDC-SD1 Deliver excellent customer service ADDC-SD2 Reduce commercial and technical losses ADDC-SD3 Construct the necessary infrastructure to provide essential services 2 - COMMUNITY AND REPUTATION ADDC-SD4 Support the development of Abu Dhabi and contribute to the community

ADDC-SD5 Develop and grow ADDC brand and reputation

ADDC-SD6 Protect the environment

Process & Technology Perspective

3 - PROCESS

People Development Perspective

4 - PEOPLE ADDC-PD1 Provide necessary learning and development

ADDC-PT1 Implement the business plan

ADDC-PT2 Provide tools and systems that support the business

ADDC-PT3 Re-engineer processes to enhance operational improvements
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ADDC-PD2 Implement competitive employment policies

ADDC-PD3 Meet Emiratization target

ADDC-PD4 Provide a safe and healthy working environment

Introduction
US 2003-2009 Statistical* shows total of 38,124 occupational fatalities occurred from all causes and 1,573 of those were due to contact with electric current. The construction industry had the highest number of electrical fatalities (772), followed by professional and business services (188), trade, transportation, and utilities (164), natural resources and mining (136), and manufacturing (126)
* Source Electrical Safety Foundation International http://esfi.org/index.cfm/page/Summary/pid/11740

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Electrical Hazard
There are types of electrical Hazards:

Injuries Electrocution (death due to electrical shock) Electrical shock Burns Falls Fire Explosion

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Electrical Shock
Received when current passes through the body Severity of the shock depends on: Path of current through the body Amount of current flowing through the body Length of time the body is in the circuit

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Effect of current on human body

Current 1 Milliampere Reaction Perception level. Just a faint tingle.

Slight shock felt; not painful but disturbing. Average individual can let go. However, strong involuntary reactions to shocks in this range can lead to injuries. 6-25 Milliamperes Painful shock. Muscular control lost. (women) 9-30 Milliamperes This is called the freezing current or "let-go" range. (men) 5 Milliamperes
50-150 Milliamperes 1,000-4,300 Milliamperes Extreme pain, Respiratory arrest, severe muscular contractions. Individual cannot let go. Death is possible. Ventricular fibrillation. (The rhythmic pumping action of the heart ceases.) Muscular contraction and nerve damage occur. Death is most likely. Cardiac arrest, severe burns and probable death.

10,000 Milliamperes
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That means, Low Voltage Does Not Mean Low Hazard

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Human Body Resistance

Skin Resistance is negligible at voltages above 600 volts Dry Skin - 100,000 - 600,000 ohms Wet Skin - 1,000 ohms Ear to Ear (internal) - 100 ohms Head to Foot (internal) - 500 ohms Hand to Foot (internal) - 400 - 600 ohms Across Head (internal) - 100 ohms

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OHM'S LAW
The relationship between Voltage, Current and Resistance may be expressed as arithmetic equations. V = (I) x (R) (I)0.05 X (R)1000 = (V) 50 Volt can cause a fatal shock

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Electrical Burns
These are caused by:
Passage of heavy current through the body Direct contact with an electrically heated surface. Intense heat generated by arcing from a short circuit. Electrical burns are a very unpleasant form of burn and require immediate medical attention.
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Falling
Falling is considered as working with electrical equipments required using of portable ladders, scaffolding and access equipments, the falling from these equipments comes due to the followings:
Electrocutions Arc flash

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Fire
A large percentage of fires are of an electrical origin, caused by one or more of the following:
Sparks Arcs Short circuits Overloading and old wiring

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Explosion
The main causes of electrically induced explosions are: In situations where flammable gases or vapors are present so that a spark could initiate an event. Where electric arcing takes place in a confined space causing intense local heating with a consequent bursting of the enclosure by the expansion of trapped air; or Rechargeable batteries emitting hydrogen when being charged, giving rise to an explosive atmosphere. Such operations should therefore be carried out in a well ventilated area.
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Unsafe Working Practices

Electrical work in construction

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Contributing Factors that Cause Hazards

The following factors contribute to creating hazards when they are inappropriate, substandard or allowed to deteriorate: 1. People 2. Environment 3. Equipment 4. Materials 5. Process

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Elements of safe work practices

Employers, employees and contractors & public.

People

Tools, raw materials, chemicals, construction materials, explosives.

Materials

Work

Environment

Buildings, work space, lights, noise air quality, Temperature, raining etc.
Machinery, electrical equipments, plant and vehicles.
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Equipment

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Engineering Control, i.e. Design, protection system etc Training, Experience, and competency etc

Danger

Procedures, work instruction, PTW, etc.

Tools, PPE, etc.

People Environment

Equipment
Work
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Materials

People
People working with Electricity shall be qualified Qualified Person is being one of the following as ADDC SSR:
Competent Person

A person who has sufficient technical knowledge and experience to recognize and avoid Danger and been appointed in writing by an Authorization Officer of the Company to carry out defined duties. These may include the maintenance of Equipment and the receipt and clearance of specified Safety Documents, in accordance with a Competency Certificate
Authorized Person

A person who has sufficient technical knowledge and experience to recognize and avoid Danger and has been appointed in writing by an Authorization Officer of the Company to carry out defined duties. These may include the operation of Equipment and the preparation, issue, and cancellation of specified Safety Documents, in accordance with an Authorization Certificate

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Contractor PM / Consultant Nominate person (s) for CP / HSE Engineer Defining clearly the scope of work using the application form supported with all required documents. Submit to Project Division Nominated Person Application

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ADDC Competency Process

HSEQ Manager

Project Division Manager Nominated person (s) approved by the consultant and meet the ADDC requirements? If Yes, submit to HSEQ Approval of Project Division means the person (s) technically OK Accepted Nominated Person

Approve the nominated person certificate for 1 YEAR and instruct the staff to issue ID CARD

HSE Approved Nominated Person

HSEQ Dept. Secretary Issue ID CARD as per the approved certificate Issue CARD for the approved person Keep CARD copy + certificate in file CARD/CERTIFICATE

HSEQ Dept. Secretary

Verify all the submitted documents Arrange an appointment for written exam and interview for the nominated person (s) and inform him (them) Appointment for exam

END Nominated Person

Study HSE Requirements / System Safety Rules, know your scope of work and be ready for exam and interview

Ready for exam

Sr. HSE Eng. / HSE Eng.

Examine and interview the nominated person (s) as per the HSE procedure

Result

NO PASSED

YES

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Environment
Working environment can increase the electrical hazard: 1. Poor lighting, 2. Extreme temperatures and humid weather, 3. Rainy weather, 4. Explosive , 5. Poor housekeeping

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Equipments

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Equipments
Electrical Equipment is the source of Hazard:
Working in/near electrical equipment Excavation near underground services Working near OHL Using of electrical cords

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Safety Clearances

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Safety Clearance
The Safety Clearance and Approach Boundaries as indicated in the following tables is for any Live Exposed fixed circuit part as per NFPA 70E Table 130.2 (C). Safety Clearance (Limited Approach Boundary) (cm) 107 153 183 183 Restricted Approach Boundary (cm) 30 66.0 79 79 Prohibited Approach Boundary (cm) 2.5 18.0 26 26
50 cm

Rated System Voltage (kV) Up to 1 Up to 11 22 33

Safety Cleara nce

Safety Clearance

meter

A distance of 50 cm shall also be maintained from that part of the insulators supporting exposed High Voltage conductors, which is outside the appropriate Safety Clearance.
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SAFETY CLEARANCE

Safety Clearance Low Voltage

Safety Clearance Pole Mounted Tfmr

Safety Clearance High Voltage

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Equipments
To work safely with electrical equipment the following are safety measures:
Isolate by qualified person Make it dead (grounded) Lock and Tag Test and verify Work under PTW Supervise
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Materials
This part includes:
Tools Portable Electrical Equipments Testing and verification equipments PPE Spare parts Other materials like ladders, scaffoldings, mechanical equipments (trucks, excavators, cranes, etc.
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Examples of Electrical PPE

Hazard Risk Category 0

Hazard Risk Category 1

Hazard Risk Category 2

Hazard Risk Category 3

Hazard Risk Category 4

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Work Process
The process of the work in the combination of all 4 issues to ensure addressing all hazards: Method Statement Risk assessment Define the control measures Define role and responsibilities

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Conclusions
Electrical are highly hazard activities except the following safety measured followed:
Work shall be done under control of qualified person Electrical equipment has been made safe by an qualified person Materials used for work has been evaluated and safety instruction has been given by qualified person Work has been assessed and controls are in place
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For more information

Visit www.addc.ae Or Male HSEQ Dept at hseq@addc.ae
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