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BO CO TIU LUN MN HC

MN: CC CM BIN
Nguyn Phc Hng MSSV:20701015 Lp:VP2007CT

Nguyn Phc Hng 20701015 VP2007CT

BO CO TIU LUN MN HC MN: CC CM BIN


GVHD: PGS.TS THI TH THU H SVTH: NGUYN PHC HNG

Cng v s pht trin ca khoa hc cng ngh th vic o c phn tch cc tn hiu sng ca con ngi nhm theo di, pht hin cc vn sc khe ngy cng c ch trng. Mt trong nhng tn hiu l nng bo ha -xy trong mu Sp02. Tn hiu ny cho php pht hin cc du hiu bt thng ca h thng h hp, tun honmt cch r rng, cng v th m n c coi nh mt du hiu sinh tn th 5. Trong bi bo co ny, chng ta s cp n mt php o nng Oxy trong mu s dng cm bin quang hc da theo php o Oxy bo ho dng xung. CH : PHNG PHP O BO HA OXY DNG XUNG - CM BIN QUANG O NNG OXY TRONG MU I. GII THIU CHUNG:

xy cung cp cho cc t bo trong c th nh cc phn t Hemoglobin (Hb) c trong mu. Ti phi, cc phn t Hemoglobin ny kt hp vi oxy v tr thnh oxyhemoglobin (HbO2), sau theo h thng mch i nui c th. Nh vy, trong mu s c hai loi Hemoglobin: loi kt hp vi oxy (HbO2) v loi khng kt hp vi oxy (Hb). Nguyn l ca php o oxy trong mu c tm ra vo nhng nm 60 ca th k 18 l cht hp th mu c trong mu, hemoglobin l thnh phn cng mang oxy. (Hemoglobin l protein m protein ny c trong mu). Cng trong thi gian ny, vn c ch ti l s hp th ca nh sng nhn thy bi cc hemoglobin. y l nguyn nhn m hai dng phn t ph bin l oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) v hemoglobin khng kt hp vi oxy (Hb) c s khc nhau ng k v ph quang hc vi cc bc sng t 660nm n 940nm. bo ha oxy thng lin quan ti SaO2 hoc SpO2, c xc nh l t s gia oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) v ton b s hemoglobin c trong mu: SpO2 (%) = 100
HbO2 HbO2 Hb

(1)

Nguyn Phc Hng 20701015 VP2007CT

Vic xc nh nng bo ho oxy trong mu c ngha rt quan trng trong vic nh gi hot ng ca sinh l h hp. Ngi ta c th o bo ha oxy trong mu thng qua vic o p sut ring phn ca oxy trong mu PaO2 bi thit b o kh mu. Phng php ny c nhc im l khng th theo di tnh trng sc khe ca bnh nhn mt cch lin tc. Trong thit b theo di bnh nhn - monitoring, ngi ta s dng phng php o bo ha oxy khng can thip Pulse Oximeter theo di thng s SpO2 ca bnh nhn.

Nguyn Phc Hng 20701015 VP2007CT

II. NGUYN L CA PHP O BO HA OXY KHNG CAN THIP PULSE OXYMETER: Nguyn l ca php o bo ha oxy trong mu khng can thip l s dng hai ngun nh sng l nh sng ng vi bc sng l 660nm v nh sng hng ngoi vi bc sng l 940nm v qu trnh hp th hai ngun nh sng ny ca oxyhemoglobin v hemoglobin trn c s p dng nh lut Lambert Beer. 1. nh lut Lambert-Beer v s hp th nh sng: Nu gi thit ban u nh sng truyn qua mch mu ch b nh hng bi nng ca oxyhemoglobin HbO2 v Hemoglobin Hb v h s hp th ca hai loi hemoglobin ny ti hai bc sng o l khc nhau, sau cng nh sng s gim theo hm logarithm vi di bc sng; nu gi di ca ng mch l l, cng nh sng ban u i qua ng mch l Iin th ta c: Ti bc sng 1 : I1 = Iin1 10 Ti bc sng 2 : I2 = Iin2 10
( 01Co r 1Cr ) l ( 02Co r 2Cr ) l

Iin l
ng mch

Hnh 1. Minh ha vic tnh hp th nh sng bng nh lut Lambert Beer

(2) (3)

Trong : C0 l nng ca oxyhemoglobin HbO2 Cr l nng ca hemoglobin khng kt hp vi oxy Hb on l h s hp th ca HbO2 ng vi bc sng n rn l h s hp th ca Hemoglobin ng vi bc sng n.

Nguyn Phc Hng 20701015 VP2007CT

2. Quan h gia h s hp th ca HbO2 v Hb vi bc sng ng sng: Nh cp mc trn, s hp th nh sng ca oxyhemoglobin (HbO2) v hemoglobin (Hb) ph thuc vo bc sng ca nh sng chiu ti. Bng thc nghim ngi ta xy dng c biu lin h gia h s hp th ca HbO2 v Hb vi bc sng nh sng nh hnh 2.

3. Nguyn l ca php o bo ha oxy: Gn y, s pht trin v php o oxy trong mu dng xung c bit n nh l mt k thut o khng can thip rt hu ch i vi qu trnh o bo ha oxy trong mu SaO2 hoc SpO2. Vi php o oxy trong mu dng xung, ch c mt phn tn hiu c lin quan trc tip ti lng mu trong ng mch trong c th ngi c s dng tnh ton bo ha oxy. Khi nh sng v nh sng hng ngoi c pht ra t cc Diode i qua u ngn tay th tn hiu nhn c c dng nh hnh 3. Trong , phn tn hiu xung nhp thay i theo thi gian vi nhp p ca tim (bin ca tn hiu nhp p ny xp x 1% so vi mc mt chiu d.c). S suy hao nh sng bi cc thnh u ngn tay c th chia thnh ba phn c lp vi nhau l: ng mch, tnh mch v cc m, xng (cng c th hin trong hnh 3).

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Hnh 3. Tn hiu nhn c khi truyn nh sng qua u ngn tay

Trong : A: L tn hiu xung nhp a.c thu c khi nh sng v nh sng hng ngoi truyn qua mu ng mch, tn hiu ny thay i theo thi gian vi nhp p ca tim. V: L thnh phn tn hiu mt chiu d.c khi nh sng v nh sng hng ngoi truyn qua tnh mch. T: L thnh phn tn hiu mt chiu d.c khi nh sng v nh sng hng ngoi truyn qua m v xng u ngn tay. - T nh ngha ca nng bo ha oxy trong mu SpO2 v ni dung nh lut hp th nh sng Lambert Beer, chng ta thy rng c th dng phng php o hp th tnh c SpO2. - Cn c trn biu ph thuc ca h s hp th HbO2 v Hb vo cc bc sng snh sng, ta thy chng khc nhau ti di nh sng v nh sng hng ngoi. Nh vy, v nguyn tc c th tnh c lng HbO2 v Hb trong mu thng qua vic o hp th ca mu ti vng nh sng v nh sng hng ngoi. - Nu gn trc tip u o tn hiu SpO2 ln mt s b phn ca c th ngi nh ngn tay, vnh tai th ngoi vic tnh ton c tham s SpO2, s thay i ca lng mu trong h ng mch theo hot ng ca chu k tim lm thay i hp th o c. Do vy, c th a ra

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c dng sng ca tn hiu SpO2 trn c s nhp p ca tim (thnh phn tn hiu xung nhp a.c trong hnh 3). Nu ta ly

log10 ( I1 / I in1 ) (4) log10 ( I 2 / I in 2 )

trong R l t s gia s thay i hp th theo thi gian i vi nh sng v nh s ng hng ngoi, th t cng thc (2) v (3) ta c: log10I1 = - Iin1(01Co + r1Cr)l (5) log10I2 = - Iin2(02Co + r2Cr)l t phng trnh (5) v (6) ta c: (6) log10 (I1/ Iin1 )= - (01Co + r1Cr)l (7) log10 (I2/ Iin2 )= - (02Co + r2Cr)l (8) ly phng trnh (7) chia cho phng trnh (8) ta c:

log 10 ( I 1 / I in1 ) c r1 c r = 01 0 log 10 ( I 2 / I in 2 ) 02 c 0 r 2 c r


R=

01c 0 r1c r 02 c0 r 2 c r

(02Co + r2Cr)R = 01Co + r1Cr (02R - 01)Co = (r1 - r2)Cr

Co r2 R = r1 Cr 02 R 01

(9)

T cng thc (1): tng ng vi:

SpO2 (%) = 100 SpO2 (%) = 100

HbO2 HbO2 Hb

C0 C0 Cr

(10)

Chia c t s v mu s ca v phi phng trnh (3.10) chia cho Cr ta c:

C0 Cr SpO2 (%) = 100 C0 1 Cr

(11)

thay phng trnh (9) vo (11) v bin i ta thu c:

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SpO2 (%) = 100

( r 2

R r 2 r 1 02 ) R ( r1 01 )

(12)

T hnh v 3 m t v tn hiu thu c khi truyn nh sng v nh sng hng ngoi qua u ngn tay kt hp vi nh lut Lambert Beer, ngi ta a ra c cng thc tnh t s R, cng thc (13). R= Trong : Idc l cng nh sng i qua cc thnh phn nh: Tnh mch, m v xng. Idc+ac l cng nh sng i qua cc thnh phn nh: Tnh mch, m xng v c ng mch. Hnh 4(a) v hnh 4(b) miu t tn hiu xung nhp ng b vi nhp tim c thu nhn khi nh sng hoc nh sng hng ngoi chiu qua u ngn tay (hay y l tn hiu xung nhp c hin th trn mn hnh khi o bo ha oxy bng thit b o Pulse oximeter). Ch rng thnh phn d.c (ng ranh ri) c loi b khi cc tn hiu ny. R rng t hai tn hiu ny ta thy rng c s thay i kh rng v hnh dng ca tn hiu, trong hnh 4(b) ta thy c mt nh ph ng vi mi nhp tim. Hin tng ny kh ph bin: nh ph l dichrotic notch (dicrotic notch l s nh du s kt thc ca chu k tm thu v s bt u ca chu k tm trng ).

log 10 (( I dc ac ) / I dc )) 1 log 10 (( I dc ac ) / I dc )) 2

(13)

(a)

(b)

Hnh 4. Thnh phn tn hiu xung nhp a.c thu c khi nh sng truyn qua mu ng mch u ngn tay.

Nguyn Phc Hng 20701015 VP2007CT

4. ng cong hiu chnh ca cc thit b o bo ha oxy dng xung: Nhng thit b o nng oxy trong mu u tin c ch to trong nhng nm u thp k 80, s dng phng trnh (12) tnh ton gi tr SpO2 trong mu. Tuy nhin, theo lut BeerLambert phng trnh ny l c bn, khng c a vo tnh ton trong qu trnh tn x nh sng bi cc t bo hng cu. nh hng ca tn x ch c b p mt phn khi s tn x l bc sng c lp. Do vy phng trnh (12) l phng trnh n gin. Hnh 5 ch ra hai mi quan h, mt l qu trnh s dng lut Lambert Beer, hai l da vo s liu thc nghim, gia t s R v bo ha oxy trong mu ca bnh nhn. Do vy, cc php o da vo lut Lamber Beer c xu hng a ra nhng nh gi sai v gi tr thc ca bo ha oxy trong mu (c bit i vi gi tr SpO2 di 85%). Bng thc nghim, ngi ta xy dng c ng cong hiu chnh th hin mi quan h gia t s R v bo ha oxy trong mu ca bnh nhn thng qua vic s dng bng tra cu c ly t qu trnh nghin cu hiu chnh s liu khi o bo ha oxy trong mu theo phng php khng xm chim vi s lng ln cc tnh nguyn vin khe mnh. ng cong hiu chnh ny c dng lm bng tra trong cc thit b o bo ha oxy SpO2.

bo ha oxy (%)

ng cong ng vi nh lut Lambert Beer

ng cong ng vi s hiu chnh thc nghim

T s ( R ) Hnh 3.5. ng cong hiu chnh th hin mi quan h gia t s R v bo ha oxy trong mu ca bnh nhn.

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III.
Khi t ng iu chnh h

S KHI CA THIT B O BO HA OXY KHNG CAN THIP PULSE OXYMETER. Lc thng thp 0.5Hz

s khuch i

Khi t ng iu chnh h

Lc thng thp 0.5Hz

s khuch i

iu khin LED IR

iu khin LED RED

nh sng Gi v ly mu

Lc thng di 0.5 - 5Hz

B nh Khuch i

Chc nng hot ng ca tng khi.

Cm bin nh sng

Chuyn i dng-p

B chuyn i A/D

B vi x l

Gi v ly mu
nh sng hng ngoi

Lc thng di 0.5 - 5Hz

Khuch i Hin th

Mch nh thi gian

Hnh 6. S khi ca thit b o bo ha oxy khng can thip

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1. Khi u o: Khi u o bao gm Diode pht nh sng RED c bc sng l 640nm, diode pht nh sng hng ngoi IR c bc sng l 960nm v b cm bin (thu nhn) nh sng - light detector c th hin trong hnh v 7.

Diode pht nh sng

Diode pht nh sng hng ngoi

Ngn tay

B cm bin nh sng Hnh 7. S khi ca u o bo ha oxy trong mu.

thit k cc u d o u ngn tay (di tai) nh gn, chng ta cn ngun nh sng v b detector nh. Cc diode pht sng (LED) pht ra cc nh sng Red v hng ngoi Infra Red. Tuy nhin, cng sut trung bnh c th nhn c t cc LEDs s b hn ch v b detector c nhy cao s rt cn thit pht hin lng nh sng nh c truyn qua u ngn tay. Vn ny c th khc phc c bng cch dng cc diode pht sng LED chuyn bit ang pht trin: Cc diode pht sng pht ra nh sng c sn xut vi h thng thu knh bn trong to ra nhng u ra c nhy cao. Tng t nh vy, cc diode pht sng pht ra nh sng hng ngoi c dng ln c thit k to ra xung sao cho nh ca xung c th thay i c t chng, c th tng bin xung m khng cn tng cng sut trung bnh. iu ny lm cho b detector c th pht hin c nh sng truyn qua u ngn tay mt cch n gin.

Nguyn Phc Hng 20701015 VP2007CT

* Cu to ca diode pht quang: Diode pht quang gm mt lp tip xc P-N v hai chn cc Anode v Cathode. Anode c ni vi bn dn loi P cn Cathode c ni vi bn dn loi N. Vt liu ch to Diode pht quang u l cc lin kt ca cc nguyn t nhm 3 v nhm 5 trong bng tun hon nh GaAs, hoc kt hp 3 nguyn t nh GaAsP.y l cc vt liu ti hp trc tip c ngha l s ti hp xy ra gia cc in t st y di dn v cc l trng st nh di ha tr.

Hnh 8: Cu to diode pht quang *Nguyn l lm vic:Khi LED phn cc thun, cc ht dn a s khuch tn t qua lp tip xc P-N, chng gp nhau s dn n ti hp v gii phng nng lng di dng cc photon nh sng. Tc ti hp t l vi nng in t trong phn bn dn P v nng l trng trong phn bn dn N v nng in t trong phn bn dn P. Cc ht dn ny l rt thp trong cc cht bn dn do ngi ta thng cy thm cc ht dn vo. Cng dng in qua Diode t l thun vi cng ca cc ht dn v do cng t l thun vi cng nh sng pht ra. *Cc thng s ca LED: -Dng qua LED: y l dng khi LED hot ng chy t Anode sang Cathode. Trong trng hp u o ang xt th dng ny vo c 2-10mA -in p s dng: y l in p ri trn 2 u LED, LED hot ng n nh th in p ny c th nm trong khong 0,9 3V. Lu l v nh sng hng ngoi truyn qua tay nhiu hn nn in p cp cho LED hng ngoi thng s thp hn in p cp cho LED

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* Photodiode ( Photodetecter): Photodiode bin i nh sng thu c thnh tn hiu in, c th y l dng in.

Hnh 9 : c tuyn V-I ca mt Photodiode Si[1] Photodiode hot ng ch phn cc ngc, theo dng in thu c s t l tuyn tnh vi cng nh sng theo cng thc: I = SE Trong : S l t l nhy sng ca photodiode E l cng nh sng chiu vo photodiode hiu r hn hot ng ca Photodiode( PD) ch phn cc ngc xem hnh minh ha trn y v c tuyn I-V ca mt Si-PD in hnh Loi Photodiode c s dng l loi OPT101: OPT101 ca hng Texas Instruments l mt linh kin gm mt PD tch hp sn vi b khuch i ( transimpedance). in p u ra t l tuyn tnh vi cng ca nh sng chiu vo PD. Linh kin c th hot ng ch cp ngun n hoc ngun kp v c th s dng ngun Pin. Bng di y cho bit cc thng s hot ng chnh ca OPT101

Nguyn Phc Hng 20701015 VP2007CT

Bng 1: Thng s hot ng ca OPT101 Thng s S P NG Dng PD in p ra DI NHIT Nhit lm vic Nhit bo qun IN P CP in p lm vic Dng th ng Ti, VPIN3=0V S nguyn l ca OPT101: +2,7 120 +36 240 V uA 0 -25 70 85 C C 650nm 650nm 0,45 0,45 A/W V/uW iu kin Min Typ Max n v

Hnh 10 : S nguyn l ca OPT101[10]

Nguyn Phc Hng 20701015 VP2007CT

OPT101 c thit k vi mc ch cm bin nh sng mi trng ( nh sng nhiu bc sng) do i vi ng dng o Sp02 c mt s vn cn lu : - Ph p ng ca OPT101 Ph p ng cho bit s thay i ca kh nng p ng theo bc sng nh sng.

Hnh 11 : Ph p ng ca OPT101 Trong th trn, trc ngang l bc sng v trc ng l h s p ng. Ta thy h s p ng( r) ca OPT101 l khng ging nhau ti nhng bc sng khc nhau. C th i vi 2 bc sng nh sng m ta s dng u o l 640nm v 940nm th h s p ng ny ln lt l 0,72 v 0,87. S khc bit ny c ngha cc k quan trng v s tng quan ca in p thu c khng ch ph thuc vo cc thnh phn Hb v Hb02 ta cn tnh m cn ph thuc vo h s p ng ca tng bc sng Lc cng thc tnh R s phi hiu chnh li theo cc h s ny v: Ti bc sng 1() : I1 =0,72 Iin1 10
( 01Co r 1Cr ) l

(4.2)

Nguyn Phc Hng 20701015 VP2007CT

Ti bc sng 2(hng ngoi):

I2 = 0,87Iin2 10 ( 02Co r 2Cr )l

(4.3)

Lu l nu mch s dng khi t ng iu chnh sng ca Leds th s hiu chnh l khng cn thit. - Quan h gia in p u ra v cng sut chiu sng ca OPT101

Hnh 12 : Quan h gia in p ra v cng sut chiu sng T th trn ta thy OPT101 c s bin i tuyn tnh gia cng sut chiu sng v in p ra - Quan h gia p ng in p v tn s chiu sng Tn s chiu sng y s ln nhy ca ngun sng trong mt giy. V nguyn tc n mt tn s ln no th cc linh kin PD s khng cn p ng c hon ton vi nh sng chiu vo na.

Nguyn Phc Hng 20701015 VP2007CT

Hnh 13: Quan h gia p ng in p v tn s chiu sng T th trn ta thy l trong khong ly mu ang xt ( 100Hz) th s p ng ca linh kin l n nh ( phi ln n hn 10kHz th s p ng mi b gim st ) - Quan h gia gc chiu sng v s p ng Cng mt cng sng nh nhau th r rng gc chiu cng c nh hng n p ng ca in p ra

Nguyn Phc Hng 20701015 VP2007CT

Hnh 14: Quan h gia gc chiu v p ng in p Trong ti ang xt th gc chiu c b tr bng 0 i vi thnh phn chnh ( thnh phn nh sng truyn qua) - Quan h gia dng in ti v nhit Dng in ti l dng in c ngay c khi PD khng h c chiu sng. Dng in ti ni chung gy ra sai lch v tn hiu v khng c li. Dng in ti cng nh th mch hot ng cng chnh xc

Nguyn Phc Hng 20701015 VP2007CT

Hnh 15 : Quan h gia in p dng ti v nhit Nh trnh by bng 1 th in p u ra khi hot ng vo c 0.5-1V. Nh vy thnh phn in p ti y ch c 7mV l khng c ngha g nhiu - Quan h gia dng hi tip v nhit Dng hi tip c ln bng hiu gia dng in phn cc ( Ibias ) v dng in ti ( Idark). Dng hi tip c cng vo dng ID v do cng gy ra sai lch tn hiu

Nguyn Phc Hng 20701015 VP2007CT

Hnh 16 : Quan h gia dng hi tip v nhit Ta thy rng vi nhit phng bnh thng ( 25) th dng hi tip c 160pA, chim t l khng ng k so vi thnh phn ID ( c uA) *Tn hiu thu c Photodiode:

Hnh 17: S hp th ca nh sng khi i qua ngn tay

Nguyn Phc Hng 20701015 VP2007CT

Tn hiu thu c Photodiode th hin cng sng m photodiode nhn c. Trong tn hiu ny s gm 2 thnh phn: -Thnh phn mt chiu c trng cho nh sng truyn qua xng, da, c, tnh mch -Thnh phn xoay chiu c trng cho nh sng truyn qua ng mch v b hp thu bi Hemoglobin Thnh phn mt chiu l thnh phn chim ch yu ( 99% hoc hn) v khng mang thng tin, thnh phn xoay chiu l thnh phn nh ( xp x 1%) mang thng tin v nng Hb v Hb02 Bng sau cho bit kt qu o c ti u ra sau khi c khuch i vi h s 1M Orhm v in p cp vo Led l 1.5V Bng 3: Ga tr in p ti u ra Photodetector( k=1M) Loi LED LED LED hng ngoi Tn hiu mt chiu 0.5V 1.3V Xung xoay chiu 8mV 53mV Nhiu 5-8mV 8-10mV

T bng trn suy ra bng thnh phn tn hiu sau u ra ca PD vi V led = 1.5V : Bng 4: Thnh phn tn hiu Loi LED LED LED hng ngoi Tn hiu mt chiu 0.5uA 1.3uA Xung xoay chiu 8pA 53pA Nhiu 5-8pA 8-10pA

Nguyn Phc Hng 20701015 VP2007CT

2. Khi nh thi gian: Khi nh thi gian to dng xung iu khin c rng xung l 50s a n khi iu khin cc diode pht ra nh sng v nh sng hng ngoi tn s xc nh, chng hn tn s 1KHz (tng ng vi chu k ca cc xung l 1ms), khong cch gia xung ca nh sng v xung ca nh sng hng ngoi l 500s. S mch nh thi gian.
+Vcc 8 4

T1

T1 = 0.7(Ra+ Rb)C T2 = 0.7RbC

Ra

T2

Reset 3 7 discharg O/P

2 Rb

Trigger

6 threshold 5 1

10 n

Hnh 8. S mch nh thi gian dng IC 555 to ra tn s pht sng cho 2 diode

th thi gian ca cc xung c to ra t mch nh thi gian.

1ms
50s nh sng

500s

nh sng hng ngoi

Hnh 9. th thi gian ca cc xung to ra t mch nh thi gian.

Nguyn Phc Hng 20701015 VP2007CT

3. Khi t ng iu chnh h s khuch i: T s khi ca thit b o bo ha oxy khng can thip (hnh 6) ta c th thy rng khi t ng iu chnh h s khuch i ACG s iu chnh cng nh sng t cc mch iu khin LED tng ng sao cho mc mt chiu d.c lun lun gi gi tr l 2V mc d c s nh hng ca cc yu t nh: b dy ngn tay, da, C hai l do quan trng s dng mch t ng iu chnh ACG: Th nht, bin ca tn hiu xung nhp a.c (l tn hiu c bin c th thay i t 0.1% n 2% ca c tn hiu SpO2 c hin th ) lun nm trong di gi tr c xc nh trc v iu ny khin cho vic thit k cc b lc v b khuch i d rng hn. Th hai l, thnh phn mt chiu d.c ca cc tn hiu nh sng v nh sng hng ngoi c th c thit lp gi tr 2V. Do vy, n c th c loi b khi cng thc (13) bi b vi x l tnh ton bo ha oxy: R= R =

log 10 (( I dc ac ) / I dc )) 1 log 10 (( I dc ac ) / I dc )) 2

log 10 ( I ac ) 1 log 10 ( I ac ) 2

(14)

Trong thc t, thm ch khng cn thit chuyn i bin tn hiu xung nhp a.c ng vi hai bc sng sang phng trnh logarithm: Thay v , mt bng d liu c sn (look-up table) c np vo b nh v bng d liu ny cha cc gi tr bo ha oxy SpO2 tng ng vi mi mt gi tr ca t s R. 4. Lc thng thp: Khi lc thng thp (L.p.F - Low pass Fillter) c nhim v lc cc tn hiu c tn s t 0.5Hz tr ln ly t khi gi v ly mu. Nh vy, tn hiu ra ca khi ny hu nh l tn hiu mt chiu a vo khi t ng iu chnh h s khuch i. 5. Khi chuyn i dng thnh p: Nh c cp trn, tn hiu ra ca b thu nhn nh sng (detector) l dng in, dng in ny c a ti b chuyn i dng - p. in p ny c a ti mch gi v ly mu.
C R

photodiode

Vo = - IR

Hnh 3.10. S mch chuyn i dng - p.

Nguyn Phc Hng 20701015 VP2007CT

Khi nh sng chiu qua b cm bin nh sng (photodiode), th photodiode ny s to ra dng in c gi tr kh nh v chy qua in tr hi tip R trong mch khuch i. u ra ca mch l in p c gi tr Vo = - I R. 6. Khi gi v ly mu: Khi tn hiu nh sng dng xung, chng ta cn s dng mch gi v ly mu thit lp li dng sng ng vi mi mt bc sng. ng thi chng ta cng cn phi c tn hiu vo l xung iu khin, tn hiu ny ly t mch nh thi gian. u ra ca mch gi v ly mu c a ti b lc thng di c tn s ct l 0.5Hz v 5Hz. Trong s mch hnh 3.11, phn t chuyn mch l mt transistor trng FET, phn t ny cho tn hiu i qua n trong thi gian ly mu v h mch vi tn hiu trong thi gian gi. Bt k tn hiu no xut hin thi im m FET khng lm vic th c gi li t in C.
+12 V

Vin

S G Ly mu Gi

D C -12V

Vo

Hnh 3.11. Mch gi v ly mu.

7. Lc thng di: Khi lc thng di (B.P.F - Band Pass Fillter) ch cho tn hiu c tn s nm trong khong t 0.5Hz n 5Hz i qua. Nh vy, khi ny s loi b thnh phn mt chiu v tn hiu nhiu c tn s cao. Tn hiu ra ca b lc thng di c a ti khi khch i trc khi a vo khi chuyn i A/D. Tn hiu ra ca b chuyn i A/D c phn tch v tnh ton bi b vi x l.

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IV.

GII THIU CC DNG MY O PULSE OXYMETTER:

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V.

TI LIU THAM KHO: 1. Chemical Biosensors - Robert A. Peura. 2. Optical Sensors - Yitzhak Mendelson Worcester Polytechnic Institute 3. Bi ging c s mn K Thut Y Sinh TS. Hunh Quang Linh - khoa Khoa Hc ng Dng - i hc Bch Khoa tpHCM. 4. PO2-100D Pulse Oximeter and Plethysmography Sensor. 5. Optical Oxygen Sensors UTILISING THE LUMINESCENCE OF PLATINUM METALS COMPLEXES By Professor Andrew Mills Department of Chemistry, University of Wales Swansea 6. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_oximeter 7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_oximetry

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