Chat xuc tien

I. nh ngha Chat xuc tien la hp chat hu c co tac dung tang toc o lu hoa cao su, lam giam thi gian lu hoa, giam nhiet o gia cong, cai thien chat lng san pham. Nguyen nhan s dung chat xuc tien Trong cao su thanh pham co cha nhieu moi noi lu huynh noi phan t do o tnh chat khang lao hoa kem v dang moi noi nay khong ben de gay ra hien tng lao hoa, ngoai ra mot so lu huynh cha lien ket se di hanh ra be mat ben ngoai gay ra hien tng moc va phun sng.
Thi gian lu hoa qua lau gay nen hien tng lao

hoa cao su. Ve mat kinh te: ton nhieu nang lng, nang suat thap. Tnh nang c ly cua san pham khong cao, tnh khang keo t, khang lao hoa, khang mai mon eu kem, o bien hnh ln, cao su de b bien mau. V vay chat xuc tien qua trnh lu hoa c nghien cu e them vao hon hp cao su e hoat hoa chat lu hoa lam tang toc o lu hoa cao su, rut ngan thi gian lu hoa, giam nhiet o lu hoa, tang tnh nang c ly va giam gia thanh san pham. II. Phan loai Phan loai theo pH: Axt, Baz, Trung tnh Theo nhom hoa hoc: Amine Amino Alcol Aldehyde Amine Thiourea va Ure Guanidine Thiazole

 Sulfenamide Thiuram Dithiocarbamate Xanthate - Phan loai theo toc o lu hoa: Tuy theo nhom chc hoa hoc ma no anh hng en toc o lu hoa (da vao ng cong lu hoa) ta co cac loai sau:

Chat xuc tien trung bnh: DPG, CBS,... Chat xuc tien nhanh: MBT, MBTS(RD),.... Chat xuc tien cc nhanh(sieu xuc tien): TMTM, TMTD,...

III. Cac loai chat xuc tien 1. Chat xuc tien trung bnh Nhom Guanidine: Diphenyl Guanidine (DPG) Di-o-tolyguanidine (DOTG) O-tolyl biguanidine Phthalate diphenyl Guanidine
a. Diphenyl Guanidine (DPG) :

Ten thng mai DPG: Rhne-Poulenc (Phap), Monsanto Chemical (Anh, My), American Cyanamid (My)... VULKACIT D: Bayer - c ACCELERATEUR D: S.M.C et P.C de Saint Denis, Phap ACCELERATOR D: Kawaguchi Chem. Industry - Nht NOCCELER D: Ouchi Shinko Chem. Industrial - Nht SOXINOL D: Sumitomo Chemical - Nht Cong thc :
H N HN C N H

Dang bot mau trang, trong lng rieng 1.13, nhiet o

nog chay 1430C, khong tan trong nc, xang, t tan trong

Benzen, Tro Cloetylen, tan manh trong ru, Aceton, Chloeparm, t b bien tnh khi cat gi.
Hoat tnh : Co toc o lu hoa trung bnh khi dung mot

mnh. Nhiet o ku hoa phai tren 1400C . Khi ket hp vi cac xuc tien co tnh Acid, toc o lu hoa tang nhanh, san pham co c tnh tot, Modul cao. Lng dung cho cao su thien nhien : Xuc tien chnh : DPG = 1 -2% S = 2.5 4% Xuc tien phu : DPG = 0.2 0.7% DM = 0.5% - 1.2% S = 1.5 4%
ac tnh cao su a lu hoa : Tnh khang lao hoa kha

neu dung lng S thch hp . Nen them phong lao e s dung nh xuc tien chnh. Mui v tren cao su rat yeu, nen dung DPG nh xuc tien chnh trong cac san pham tiep xuc thc pham. Lam ban mau san pham.
b. Di-o-tolyguanidine (DOTG) :

La loai xuc tien co tnh kiem, Cong thc hoa hoc la :

H3C H N HN C N H H3C

 Dang bot mau trang, trong lng rieng 1.1 , nhiet o

nong chay 1700C, khong tan trong nc, Choloform t b bien tnh khi ton tr.
Hoat tnh : tng t nh DPG nhng manh hn, dung nh

xuc tien chnh, xuc tien phu cho cac chat xuc tien co tnh acid, cac chat t xuc tien chat on co ham lng s dung nh DPG.
Lng dung : tng t nh OPG theo ty le DOTG/DPG = 3/4

do nhiet o nong chay cao t xay ra tnh trang t lu.

ac tnh cao su a lu hoa : Giong DPG nhng khong co

mui v nen c dung cho cac san pham tiep xuc thc pham . 2. Chat xuc tien nhanh Nhom Thiazol: Mercapto Benzothiazole (MBT)
Disulfur Benzothiazole (MBTS)

a. Mercaptobenzo Thiazone (MBT) : Ten thng mai

M.B.T: Cty E.I. du Pont de Nemours My, Cty Naugatuck Chem.

thuc U.S.Rubber - My Cty American Cyanamid - My, v.v... THIOTAX: Cty Monsanto Chemical - Anh, My MERTAX: Cty Monsanto Chemical - Anh, My CAPTAX: Cty R.T. Vanderbilt, ROTAX: Cty R.T Vanderbilt, EVEITE M: Y, VULKACIT MERCAPTO: Bayer, c, ACCELERATEUR RAPIDE 200: Cty Rhne-Poulenc - Phap ACCELERATEUR RAPIDE G: S.M.C et P.C de Saint Denis - Phap ACCELERATOR M: Cty Kawaguchi Chem. Ind. Nht -

 NOCCELER M: Cty Ouchi Shinko Chem. Ind - Nht

Cong thc hoa hoc :

S C SH N

Dang bo mau vang v ang. Khoi lng rieng 1.26,

iem nong chay 1720C, khong tan trong nc, hi tan trong aceton, benzen , xang, rat t bien tnh khi ton tr .
Hoat tnh : chat lu hoa nhanh nhiet o tren 1200 C

Nhiet o gii han thap de xay ra t lu khi luyen hay ton tr.
Lng dung :

Trong lng cao su thien nhien s dung thong thng : MBT 0.5% - 1% DPG 0.2 0.5% hay TMTD 0.1- 0.2% S : 2 3.5% S dung t S : MBT 1 1.5% TMTD 0.3 0.5% S : 0.75 1%
ac tnh : ac tnh cao su lu hoa tinh khiet,

t anh hng

en mau sac. b. Disunfur Benzothiazyl : (MBTS, DM) Ten thng mai: M.B.T.S: (MBTS) E.I. du Pont de Nemours, Naugatuck Chem. thuc U.S. Rubber, American Cyanamid... THIOFIDE (MBTS) Monsanto Chem. - Anh, My, ACCELERATEUR RAPIDE 201: Rhne-Poulenc - Phap ACCELERATEUR RAPIDE GS: S.M.C. et P.S de Saint Denis Phap.

VULKACIT DM: Bayer - c, ACCELERATOR DM: Kawaguchi Chem. Ind. - Nht, NOCCELER DM: Ouchi Skinko Chem. Ind. - Nht, ALTAX: R.T. Vanderbilt.

Cong thc

S C S N S C

S N

Dang bot trang hi vang, khong mui khong v , khong

tan trong nc, ru, Aceton, xang, t tan trong Benzen Claraparm va DiClo Etan rat t b bien tnh khi ton tr, iem nong chay 1700C.
Hoat tnh : Xuc tien nhanh nhiet o 1400C do o an

toan khi luyen.

Lng dung :

Trong cao su thien nhien ( muc ch thong thng ) DM = 0.5 -1% DPG = 0.4 -0.7% S = 2.5 3.5% Cao su Ebonit : DM = 0.18 2% S = 30 50%
ac tnh cao su lu hoa :Khang lao hoa tot, khong lam

bien mau san pham 3. Chat sieu xuc tien: Bao gom disulfure tetraethyl thiuram disulfide (TETD), monosulfure tetramethyl thiuram (TMTM), disulfure tetramethyl thiuram (TMTD) - TMTD la loai chat xuc tien thng c s dung nhieu nhat co CTHH nh sau:

H3C CH3 N CS SCN H3C S S CH3 -Dang bot hay hat mau trang hoac hi nga khong mui, iem chay ln hn 1500C, khoi lng rieng 1.39, khong tan trong nc, ru, xang. Hi tan trong axeton. Tan tot trong nhng dung moi hu c thong dung. t b bien tnh khi ton tr. -La chat xuc tien cc nhanh, rat hoat ong nhiet o ln hn 100-1300C, co the lu hoa vi lu huynh hoac khong dung lu huynh. Hon hp t hoac khong lu huynh cho san pham chui nhiet va khang lao hoa tot. Mat bang lu hoa hep nen s dung t lu huynh va tranh qua lu. Thng dung la chat xuc tien phu trong sam, lop xe, day cap ien, dung cu y te, san pham cong nghe lu hoa bang khuon, khong kh nong, hi nc qua nhiet, courroie, ong, tham, cao su xop, cao su trong, e, got giay

Co 5 loai xuc tien chnh

Ho Dithio Cacbonat : la loai xuc tien cc nhanh co

cong thc tong quat.

R N R C S S Me S C S N R R

Trong o Me : Zn, Cu, Se, Na. R : goc Alkyl, Phenyl. ay la loai xuc tien nhay va nhanh ( ng vi thi gian tien lu hoa ngan va tot o lu hoa nhanh) Cac loai thng dung la : ZDEC, ZDBC, BMD,ZDMC, ZPD
Ho Thiuram :

Ho xuc tien nhanh co cong thc :

R N R C S S
x

R C S N R

Vi x = 1, 2 hoac 4 R : goc Etyl hay Metyl ac tnh cua cao su a lu hoa vi Thiuram la tnh khang lao hoa rat tot. Cac loai thng dung la : TMTD, TMTM, TETD, MPTD.
Ho Thiazon :

Ho xuc tien nhanh, ai dien gom 2 loai hp chat c s dung rat pho bien : + Mercaptobenzo Thiazon ( MBT) : Cong thc hoa hoc :
S C N SH

Dang bot mau vang v ang. Khoi lng rieng 1.26, iem nong chay 1720C. Khong tan trong nc, hi tan trong aceton, benzen, xang, rat t bien tnh khi ton tr. Chat xuc tien nhanh nhiet o tren 1200C + Disulfur Benzothiazyl : ( MBTS, DM)
S C N S S C N S

Dang bot trang hi vang, khong mui, khong v , khong tan trong nc, ru, aceton, xang, iem nong chay 1700C. Xuc tien nhanh nhiet o 1400C do o an toan khi luyen. Ho Guanidine: Ho xuc tien trung bnh, tnh baz pho bien co 2 loai : Diphenyl guanidine (DPG) va Diorthotolyl Guanidine (DOTG). DPG : Cong thc :
NH C NH HN

Dang bot mau trang, trong lng rieng 1.13, nhiet o nong chay1430C, khong tan trong nc, xang, t tan trong benzen. La xuc tien trung bnh , nhiet o lu hoa phai tren 1400C . DOTG : La loai xuc tien co tnh kiem, dang bot mau trang, trong lng rieng 1.1, nhiet o nong chay 1700C, khong tan trong nc, Cloroform t b bien tnh khi ton tr. Hoat tnh tng t nh DPG nhng manh hn. Ho Thiore : Thng la xuc tien phu trong he lu hoa vi lu huynh, loai nay t s dung.

3. Chat tr xuc tien : La chat ket hp vi chat xuc tien tao thanh nhng phc chat thuc ay qua trnh lu hoa va cai thien c tnh nang cua san pham. Co 2 loai chat xuc tien : hu c va vo c Chat xuc tien vo c : Gom co ZnO, PbO, MgO, Ca(OH)2. Thng dung nhat la ZnO ket hp vi cac axit beo e tao savon tan trong cao su. ZnO la dang bot mn, mau trang co khoi lng rieng la 5.6, tan trong acid, kiem, muoi amin. Khi lu tr trong khong kh, no hut nc va CO2, chuyen thanh ZnCO3 co tnh kiem. Chat xuc tien hu c : La cac loai acid beo co phan t lng cao gom cac acid : stearic, lauric, pabmitic va cac loai dau c hydro hoa t dau da, thng c s dung ket hp vi oxyt kim loai. c s dung nhieu nhat la acid stearic : loai nay dang ran, ket tinh mau vang hoac trang. Cong thc cau tao :
H3C CH2
16

COOH

San pham dung trong cong nghiep c san xuat t m bo, m cu em thuy phan va qua nhieu lan nen ep e loai bt thanh phan acid beo dang long. Stearic thng pham khong tan trong nc, nhiet o nong chay 690C

Ngoai nhiem vu chat tr xuc tien, no con la chat lam mem, chat phan tan, tao ieu kien thuan li cho thao tac can luyen.