Chuong 7

CHNG 7
X L KH THI BNG PHNG PHP HP TH

Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
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Hp th - Absorption
Khi nim: Hp th kh bng cht lng l qu trnh chuyn cu t kh t pha kh vo trong pha lng thng qua qu trnh ha tan cht kh trong cht lng khi chng tip xc vi nhau. Phn loi: n Hp thu vt l: khng tng tc ha hc l qu trnh thun nghch. n Hp thu ho hc: c phn ng ha hc
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Hp th - Absorption
C ch ca qu trnh c th chia thnh 3 bc: Khuch tn cc phn t cht nhim th kh trong khi kh thi n b mt ca dung dch hp th. Thm nhp v ha tan cht kh vo b mt ca dung dch hp th Khuch tn cht kh ha tan trn b mt ngn cch vo su trong lng cht lng hp th
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
NHIT QU TRNH
o Hp thu ng nhit: n C gii nhit o Hp thu khng ng nhit n Ta nhit n on nhit o Hiu ng nhit ca qu trnh hp th tra trong s tay ho l hoc tnh theo phng trnh. o Nhit ca phn ng ho tan
TRAO I CHT V L THUYT LP BIN o trao i mt lng (khi lng) cht nhim t kh thi vo cht lng hp th, cn
phi trao i cc phn t qua vng ranh gii. o Cng trao i thc ph thuc vo cc yu t: nhit , p sut, nng , ha tan. o Nng phn t pha cht kh ph thuc vo hai hin tng khuch tn: Khuch tn ri v khuch tn phn t
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
TRAO I CHT
Khuch tn ri: Lm cho nng phn t c u n trong khi kh Khuch tn phn t: Lm cho cc phn t kh chuyn ng n lp bin Cc phn t ca kh i qua lp bin vo cht lng c phn ng ha hc vi cht lng hoc c gi li bng cc qu trnh vt l khc.
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
TRAO I CHT Cng trao i cht t pha ny sang pha kia:
Phng trnh trao i i vi lp bin kh:
NA = kG ( pAG pAi )
i vi lp bin cht lng:
kG: H s trao i cht cht: : p sut ring ca cht A trong pAG khi kh pAi : p sut ring ca cht A thuc pha kh trn b mt cht lng
NA = kL (CAi CAL)
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
ng dng
o o o o X l kh nhim Lu lng kh cn x l ln Nng cht nhim khng qu nh Thng x l SOx, HCl, H2S, HF, Cl2, NOx axeton,
o p dng phng php ny trong qu trnh x l kh thi s t hiu qu kinh t cao o Thu hi c cc cht tun hon hoc chuyn sang cc cng on sn xut khc.
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
CHT HP TH (DUNG MI)

iu kin la chn dung dch hp th: o ho tan chn lc o bay hi tng i thp o Tnh n mn ca dung mi thp o Chi ph o nht b, khi tr lc ca qu trnh cng nh, tng tc hp th v c li cho qu trnh truyn khi. o Cc tnh cht khc: Nhit dung ring, nhit ng rn, to ta, c hi Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
CHT HP TH PH BIN
Nc (H2O) Dung dch baz: KOH, NaOH, Na2CO3, K2CO3, Ca(OH)2, CaCO3, MonoEtanolAmin (OHCH2CH2NH2), Dietanolamin (R2NH), trietanolamin (R3N) D bay hi nn tht thot nhiu n mn ho hc Lin kt vi CO2 rt bn nn kh phn hy hon nguyn
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
HIU SUT CA QU TRNH HP TH Ph thuc vo cc yu t:
o Thnh phn v tnh cht ca kh thi cn x l o Tnh cht v cht lng ca cht hp th o Thi gian s dng cht hp th trong thit b (chu k hp th) o Lng cht hp th o Kh nng tip xc gia cht nhim v dung dch hp th o Nhit , p sut,
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
PHN LOI THIT B HP TH

Phn loi theo dng chy:
Giao dng - Crossflow
Ngc dng
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
THP PHUN
u im: o Vn tc dng kh trong thp cao lm cho kh nng hp th tng ng k. o ng knh thp nh nn mt ti nh (50 90 m3/m2), tit kim dung dch hp th nhng vn cho hiu sut cao. Nhc im: o Thit b d b n mn, i hi phi c lp ph bo v, lm tng gi thnh ch to thit b o Cn phi c h thng t ng iu chnh lu lng dung dch hp th phun vo thit b. Dung dch phi c phun u khp tit din Thc s Lm Vnh Sn thp.
CC LOI THIT B HP TH
Thp phun o Thp c dng hnh tr t thng ng, c s dng trn nguyn tc to ra s tip xc gia cht nhim v dng nc phun. Dung dch hp th c phun thnh git nh xuyn qua dng kh bc ln trong th tch rng ca thit b.
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
THP PHUN
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
THP PHUN
Thp phun rng
Thp phun dng a quay Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Jet tower
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
CC LOI THIT B HP TH
Thp m:
Cht lng c ti trn lp m rng v chy xung di to ra b mt t ca lp vt liu m cho dng kh t di i ln.
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
CC LOI THIT B HP TH
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
CC LOI THIT B HP TH
u im: n Hiu qu x l cao n Vn hnh n gin n Gi thnh thit b chp nhn c Nhc im:
(tt)
n Kh khn trong khu ra vt liu m n D gy tc nghn vt liu m do tch t cn, lm tng tr lc qu trnh hp th n Phn phi dung dch hp th phi u khp tit din thp
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Vt liu m
m - pack
Lp m ng
m vng raschig
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Vt liu m
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Vt liu ch to m
o Ceramic n Porcelain Stoneware - Unglazed/Glazed n Alumina o High Polymers n Polypropylene n PVC n PVDF o Ferrous - Non Ferrous n Carbon Steel n Stainless Steel n Aluminium, etc., o Carbon o Glass o Standards: IS - 7087 - 1979
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
CC LOI THIT B HP TH
Thp mm: Thp hnh tr thng ng, trong c gn cc mm c cu to khc nhau, trn pha lng v pha kh c cho tip xc vi nhau. Qu trnh chung ca c thp l s tip xc pha nghch dng mc d trn mi mm hai pha kh v lng tip xc giao dng
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
THP MM
u im: o C th s dng cho c qu trnh chng ct ln hp th. o Hiu sut khng thay i nhiu theo lu lng hi. Nhc im: o Khi vn tc kh ln c th gy nn s li cun c hc cc git lng trong dng hi t mm di ln mm trn lm gim s bin i nng to nn bi qu trnh truyn khi, lm gim hiu sut. o Ngoi ra cn to gim p ln cho pha kh lm tng cng sut my nn kh cho thp.
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
THP MM
(a) Mm c l
(b) Mm van
(c) Mm chp
(d) Mm vi valve caps

Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
THP MM
(a) Mm c l
(c) Mm chp
Thp mm xuyn l
Thp mm chp
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Thp mm van
THP MM
(a) Bi nc
(b) bt
(c) Nh tng
(d) Bong bng (e) Bt t bo
Hnh: Trng thi ca cht lng khi tip xc vi mm

Cht lng mang ra khng c bt kh pha di mm Hi mang ra khng c git lng pha trn ca mm Khng c s chy ca cht lng thng qua mm Cn bng gia s tn ti pha hi v lng Thc s Lm Vnh Sn c tip cn trn mi mm.
Bt
ng dng trong x l kh thi

Hp th SO2:
Hp th SO2 s dng dung dch hoc huyn ph ca mui kim loi kim v kim loi kim th. Hp th bng nc: S h thng x l SO2 bao gm 2 giai on: n Hp th kh SO2 bng cch phun nc vo dng kh thi hoc cho dng kh thi i qua lp vt liu m rng c ti nc. Qu trnh hp th SO2 bng nc din ra theo phng trnh: SO2 + H2O H+ + HSO3n Gii thot SO2 ra khi cht hp th thu hi SO2 (nu cn) v nc sch
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
X l SO2
o u im: Cu to n gin C th thu hi SO2 dng cho cc mc ch khc (sn xut axt H2SO4) o Nhc im: Cn lu lng nc ln, thit b hp th c th tch ln Loi SO2 ra khi dung dch thc hin bng cch un nng n n 1000C, cn chi ph nhit ln.
X l SO2
Hp th bng huyn ph CaCO3 (thnh phn rn:lng = 1:10, kch thc ht CaCO3 0,1mm) din ra theo cc giai on: H2O + SO2 = H2SO3 CO2 + H2O = H2CO3 CaCO3 + H2SO3 = 2CaSO3 + H2CO3 CaCO3 + H2CO3 = Ca(HCO3)2 CaSO3 + H2SO3 = Ca(HSO3)2
Ca(HSO3)2 + 2CaCO3 = Ca(HCO3)2 + 2CaSO3 Ca(HCO3)2 + 2H2SO3 = Ca(HSO3)2 + 2H2CO3

X l SO2
Ca(HSO3)2 + O2 = Ca(HSO4)2 CaSO3 + O2 = 2CaSO4 Ca(HSO4)2 + 2CaSO3 = Ca(HSO3)2 + 2CaSO4 Ca(HSO4)2 + 2CaCO3 = Ca(HCO3)2 + 2CaSO4 Ca(HSO4)2 + Ca(HSO3)2 = 2CaSO4 + H2SO3 CaSO3 + 0,5H2O = CaSO3.0,5H2O CaSO4 + 2H2O = CaSO4.2H2O
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
X l SO2
Hp th bi oxit magie hydroxit:
(T l rn:lng trong huyn ph l 1:10, pH = 6,8 7,5) MgO + SO2 = MgSO3 MgO + H2O = Mg(OH)2 MgSO3 + SO2 + H2O = Mg(HSO3)2 Mg(OH)2 + Mg(HSO3)2 = 2MgSO3 + SO2 c hp th bi oxit 2H2O hydroxit, to thnh tinh magie th ngm nc MgSO3. ha tan ca sunfit magie trong nc b gii hn, nn lng d dng MgSO3.6H2O v MgSO3.3H2O ri xung thnh cn lng.
X l SO2
2MgSO3 + O2 = 2MgSO4 S hnh thnh MgSO4 khng c li cho vic ti sinh MgO nn cn hn ch phn ng trn bng cch gim thi gian tip xc gia pha kh v pha lng hoc dng ha cht gim tnh oxi ha. Ti sinh MgO: Thc hin trong l nung nhit 9000C vi xc tc l than cc. u im: C th x l kh nng khng cn lm ngui s b Thu c sn phm tn dng sn xut axit sunfuric. Thc s hiu Sn MgO sn c, r tin, Lm Vnhqu x l cao.
Hp th bi ZnO:
SO2 +ZnO + 2,5H2O = ZnSO3.2,5H2O Khi nng SO2 ln: SO2 +ZnO + 2,5H2O = Zn(HSO3)2 Km sunfit to thnh khng tan trong nc c tch ra bng xiclon nc v sy kh. Ti sinh ZnO: Nung sunfit nhit 3500C. ZnSO3.2,5H2O = ZnO + SO2 + 2,5H2O u im: C kh nng x l nhit cao (200- 2500C) Nhc im: Thc s lm cho C th hnh thnh ZnSO4, Lm Vnh Sn vic ti sinh ZnO bt li
X l SO2
X l SO2
Nu dng soda phn ng xy ra: Na2CO3 + SO2 = Na2SO3 + CO2 Na2SO3 + SO2 + H2O = 2NaHSO3 Kh tham gia phn ng vi sunfit v bisunfit lm tng nng bisunfit. SO2 + NaHCO3 + Na2SO3 + H2O = 3NaHSO3 Dung dch hnh thnh tc dng vi oxit km to thnh sunfit km. NaHSO3 + ZnO = ZnSO3 + NaOH u im: ng dng cht hp th ha hc khng bay hi, c kh nng hp th ln. ng dng loi SO2Lmcc Sn khc nhau. Vnh nng Thc s
X l SO2
Hp th bi dung dch amoniac (sunfit bisunfit amon) H2O + SO2 = H2SO3 2NH4OH + H2SO3 = (NH4)2SO3 + 2H2O (NH4)2SO3 + H2SO3 = NH4HSO3 2(NH4)2SO3 + O2 = 2(NH4)2SO4 Nu thm HNO3: (NH4)2SO3 + 2HNO3 = 2NH4NO3 + SO2 + H2O NH4HSO3 + HNO3 = NH4NO3 + SO2 + H2O NH4NO3 thu c dng lm phn bn, kh thu c cha 15 30% SO2 Thc s Lm Vnh H2SO4. sn xut Sn
X l SO2
Hp th bng amin thm: hp th SO2 trong kh thi ca luyn kim mu (SO2 1 2% th tch), s dng dung dch C6H3(CH3)NH2 (t l C6H3(CH3)NH2:nc = 1:1) Phng trnh phn ng:
C6H3(CH3)NH2 + SO2 = C6H3(CH3)NHSOONH3(CH3)2C6H3
Thu hi SO2 v phc hi dung dch hp th tin hnh trong thp chng 1000C
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
X l NOx bng hp th
Hp th bng nc:
Khi hp th NO2 bng nc mt phn axit nitric c sinh ra pha kh:
3NO2 + H2O = 2HNO3 + NO + Q
x l NOx c th s dng dung dch oxi gi long:

NO + H2O2 = NOx + H2O 3NO2 + H2O = 2HNO3 + NO N2O3 + H2O2 = N2O4 + H2O N2O4 + H2O = HNO3 + HNO2
Qu trnh hp th NOx thnh HNO3 tng theo tng nng axit v p sut ring phn ca NOx. thc y qu trnh c th dng cht xcs Lm Vnh Snqu x l t 97%. tc, hiu Thc
X l NOx
Hp th bng kim v huyn ph:
3NO2 + Na2CO3 = NaNO3 + NaNO2+ CO2 + Q Phng trnh phn ng cho qu trnh hp th N2O3 bng dung dch kim v huyn ph: M2(CO3)m + N2O3 = M(NO2)m + CO2 M(HCO3)m + N2O3 = M(NO2)m + CO2 + H2O M(OH)m + N2O3 = M(NO2)m + H2O Khi hp th N2O3 hot ca dung dch kim gim theo th t: KOH > NaOH > Ca(OH)2 > Na2CO3 > K2CO3 > Ba(OH)2 > NaHCO3 > KHCO3 > MgCO3Lm BaCO3 > CaCO3 > Mg(OH)2 Thc s > Vnh Sn
Hp th chn lc
hp th NO khi khng c O2 trong pha kh, s dng cc dung dch FeSO4, FeCl3, Na2S2O3, NaHCO3 Phng trnh phn ng to thnh phc: NO + FeSO3 = Fe(NO)SO4 FeCl2 + NO = Fe(NO)Cl2 Khi un nng nhit 95 1000C, phc phn r sinh ra NO v hon nguyn dung dch hp th. S dng dung dch Na2S2O3, NaHCO3, (NH2)2CO s to thnh N2: Na2S2O3 + 6NO = 3N2 + 2Na2SO4 + 2SO2 2NaHSO3 +2NO = N2 + 2NaHSO4 2(NH2)2CO + Thc s Lm Vnh Sn 4H2O + 2CO2 6NO = 5N2 +
Hp th chn lc (tt)
nhit cao hn 2000C, NO lin kt vi NH3 theo phn ng: 4NH3 + 6NO 5N2 + 6H2O Axit sunfuric c s dng hp th NO2 v N2O3 H2SO4 + 2NO2 = HNSO5 + HNO2 2H2SO4 + N2O3 = 2HNSO5 + H2O Khu un nng hoc pha long bng nc, HNSO5 s sinh ra NOx: HNSO5 + H2O = 2H2SO4 + NO + NO2 Tng tc gia NOx vi cht hp th hiu qu nht nhit 20 400C. Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Phng php hp th ng thi NOx, SO2
Kh thi cha ng thi SO2 v NO2 sinh ra khi t chy nhin liu c cha lu hunh. X l ng thi SOx v NOx s dng dung dch hp th l dung dch kim hoc huyn ph. Hiu qu x l: SO2 khong 90% NOx khong 70 90%
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
X l Halogen v cc hp cht ca chng X l cc hp cht cha Flo:
Hp th bng nc: HF v SiF4 tan nhiu trong nc. Cc phn ng xy ra: H2O + HF = H3O+ + HF2HF = H+ + FF- + HF = HF2SiF4 +2H2O = 4HF +SiO2 4HF + 2SiF4 = 2H2SiF6 3SiF4 + 2H2O = 2H2SiF6 + SiO2 Thu c H2SiF6 10 22% dng sn xut SiO2, CaF2, AlF, NaF, Na3AlF6. Thc s Lm Vnh Sn Hiu qu x l 90 95%
X l Halogen v cc hp cht ca chng (tt)
Hp th bng dung dch mui amoni: Cc phn ng xy ra: HF + (NH4)2CO3 2NH4F + CO2 + H2O HF + NH4HCO3 NH4F + CO2 + H2O HF + NH3 NH4F 2SiF4 + 2NaF = Na2SiF6 NH4F c x l nh sau: 2NH4F +Na2CO3 (NH4)2CO3 + NaF (NH4)2CO3 + H2O 2NH4OH + CO2 NH4OH H2O + NH3 NaF l cht rn cThc s Lm Vnh Sn lng, lc. tch ra bng
Hp th bng dung dch K2CO3: Phn ng hp ph: HF + K2CO3 2KF + CO2 + H2O Phn ng phc hi cht hp th: 2KF + Na2CO3 2NaF + K2CO3 Hp th bng dung dch AlF3: Dung dch cha 0,5 60% AlF3 hp th HF to thnh phc c thnh phn thay i: mHF + AlF4 = HmAlFm+3 M thay i t 1 20 Thc s Lm AlF3 phc hi bng cch trungVnh Sn HmAlFm+3bng Al(OH)3 ha
Hp th phn t F2 Hp th bng dung dch NaOH 5 10% nhit 38 650C: Phn ng hp ph: F2 + 2NaOH = 0,5O2 +2NaF + H2O Thi gian tip xc gi khong 1 pht trnh to ra F2O NaF t tan trong dung dch kim. X l NaF trc khi a ra khi h thng: 2NaF + Cao + H2O CaF2 + NaOH
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
X l Clo v hydro clorua: Hp th clo vi cc dung dch kim: Cl2 + 2NaOH NaOCl +NaCl + H2O 2Ca(OH)2 + 2Cl2 CaCl2 + Ca(OCl)2 + H2O Na2CO3 +Cl2 + H2O NaCl + NaOCl + CO2 + H2O Dung dch NaOH c dng vi hm lng 100 150g/l Huyn ph Ca(OH)2 l 100 110g/l Hp th clorua hydro bng dung dch kim v nc: S dng NaOH, Ca(OH)2 hoc Na2CO3 hp th HCl Nhc im khi dng nc hp th bng nc to sng m cc git axit lng, Thc s Lm Vnhthu hi khng cao. hiu qu Sn
X l Brom v cc hp cht ca n: Hp th bng dung dch kim: OH- + Br2 = Br- + BrO- + H2O CO3-2 + Br2 + H2O = Br- + BrO- + 2HCO32HCO3- + Br2 = BrO- + H2O + 2CO2 Hp th FeBr2: 2FeBr2 + Br2 2FeBr3 Hp th bng SO2: Br2 + SO2 + 2H2O 2HBr + H2SO4
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
X l COx
X l CO: Hp th bng [Cu(NH3)m(H2O)n]+:

[Cu(NH3)m(H2O)n]+ + xNH3 + yCO = [Cu(NH3)m (CO)y(H2O)n]+ + Q
Thng tn ti dng ha tr 1 Dung dch c tnh kim yu nn ng thi hp th CO2 2NH4OH + CO2 = (NH4)2CO3 + H2O (NH4)2CO3 + CO2 + H2O = 2NH4HCO3 Ra Nit lng: y l qu trnh hp th vt l. Qu trnh ng dng trong cng nghip ni t.
X l CO
Hp th bng dung dch clorua ng, nhm: ng dng khi trong kh thi c O2 v lng ln CO2 Hp th ha hc CO bng dung dch c nng 20 50% CuAlCl4 v 89 -90% toluen Qu trnh thp th:
CuCl2 + AlCl3 + 2C6H5CH3 (CuAlCl4)(C6H5CH3)2 (CuAlCl4)(C6H5CH3)2 + 2CO (CuAlCl4).2CO + 2C6H5CH3
Hi nc trong kh thi c th ph hy phc sinh ra HCl 2CuAlCl4 + H2O 2HCl + CuCl + CuAlCl4.AlOCl
Thc khi Vnh l Cn sy kh kh trc s Lmx Sn
X l CO2
Hp th bng dung dch etanolamin Qu trnh thp th: 2RNH2 + CO2 + H2O = (RNH3)2CO3 (RNH3)CO3 + CO2 + H2O = 2NH3HCO3 2RNH2 + CO2 = RNHCOONH3R Dung dch hp th c phc hi bng cch un nng. u im: Gi r, kh nng phn ng cao, n nh, d phc hi. Nhc im: p sut hi cao v dung dch tham gia phn ng khng thun nghch vi COS
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
X l CO2
Hp th bng dung dch amoniac: Qu trnh thp th: 2NH3 + CO2 =NH2COONH4 NH3 + CO2 + H2O = 2NH4HCO3 2NH3 + CO2 + H2O= = (NH4)CO3 ng dng x l kh thi cha 30% CO2. u im: Cho php gim nng CO2 t 34% cn 0,015% trong khi tng hp NH3. Dung dch hp thu c thu hi bng cch un nng
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
X l CO2
Hp th bng dung dch kim Thng s dng cht hp th l Na2CO3 Qu trnh thp th: Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O = 2NaHCO3 Vn tc hp th nh, tng vn tc hp th thng dng xc tc l: metanol, etanol, ng Dung dch c hon nguyn bng cch un nng bng hi nc. tng hiu qu hp th, cho vo dung dch hp th mt lng d NaOH.
X l CO2
Hp th bng nc Phng trnh phn ng: CO2 + H2O H+ + HCO3S dng trong cng nghip x l kh c p sut cao. Kh nng hp th ca nc cao khi p sut ring phn ca CO2 l 3 4 at. u im: kt cu n gin, khng tn nhit, dung dch r, nc tr vi kh COS, O2 v cc tp cht khc. Nhc im: Hp th H2 trong khng kh, bm cng sut ln, kh nng hp th thp.
Hp th H2S
Phng php cacbonat: Hp th bi dung dch Na2CO3 hoc K2CO3 Phng trnh phn ng: Me2CO3 + H2S = MeHCO3 + MeHS Phc hi: MeHS + CO2 + H2O = MeHCO3 + H2S ha tan ca K2CO3, Na2CO3, NaHCO3, KHCO3 khc nhau nn hp th s dng dung dch c nng khc nhau. K2CO3 tan nhiu trong nc nn c s dng vi nng cao.
Hp th H2S
Phng php photphat: S dng dung dch cha 40 50% photphat kali (K3PO4). Phng trnh phn ng: K3PO4 + H2S = K2HPO4 + KHS H2S c gii phng nh un si nhit to = 107 1150C. u im: ch th hp th H2S
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Hp th H2S
Phng php kim asen: Dung dch kim asen to thnh theo phn ng: 2Na2CO3 + As2O3 + H2O = 2Na2HAsO3 + 2CO2 Phng trnh phn ng: 2Na2HAsO3 + H2S = Na4As2S5 + 6H2O Na4As2S5 + O2 = Na4As2S5O2 Na4As2S5O2 + H2S = Na2As2S6O + H2O Phc hi dung dch bng oxi ca khng kh Na2As2S6O + O2 = 2Na4As2S5O2 + 2S
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Hp th H2S
Phng php kim asen: Cc phn ng din ra trong thp hp th: Na2CO3 + H2O = NaOH + NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + H2S = NaHS + NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + 2H2S = 2NaHS + CO2 + H2O NaOH + H2S = NaHS + H2O Phng php soda st: Hp th H2S bng huyn ph hydroxit st II v III. Huyn ph u ch bng cch trn dung dch 10% Na2CO3 vi dung dch 18% sunfat st.
Hp th H2S
Phng php soda st: FeSO4 + Na2CO3 + H2O Fe(OH)2 + Na2SO4 + CO2 Cho khng kh qua dung dch oxi ha st (II) thnh st (III) 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + H2O 4Fe(OH)3 Hp th H2S theo cc phn ng: H2S +Na2CO3 NaHS + NaHCO3 3NaHS + 2Fe(OH)3 Fe2S3 + 3NaOH + 3H2O 3NaHS + 2Fe(OH)3 2FeS + S + 3NaOH + 3H2O
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Hp th H2S
Phng php soda st: ti sinh dung dch, cho khng kh qua n: 2Fe2S3 + 6H2O + 3O2 4Fe(OH)3 + 6S 4FeS + 6H2O + 3O2 $Fe(OH)3 + 4S NaHCO3 + NaOH Na2CO3 +H2O 2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2 Khi ti sinh, 70% H2S chuyn thnh phn t S, phn cn li ( dng NaSH) b xi ha thnh Na2S2O3 v H2O 2NaHS + 2O2 Na2S2O3 + H2O
Hp th H2S
Phng php hydroquinon kim Hp th H2S bng dung dch kim hydroquinon (l cht xc tc) Qu trnh din ra nh sau: H2S + Na2CO3 NaHS + NaHCO3 NaHS + H2O + + S + NaOH Phn ng ph: 2NaHS + 2O2 Na2S2O3 + H2O S tch ly Na2S2O3 v NaHCO3 lm gim kh nng hp th do gim nng Na2CO3 v gim ph mi Thc s Lm Vnh Sn trng.
Hp th H2S
Hp th H2S
Phng php hp th bng etanolamin Hp th H2S v CO2 hp th bng monoetanolamin v tri etanolamin. S dng dung dch 15 20% monoetanolamin li th hn do dung dch c kh nng hp th cao, d phc hi. Qu trnh din ra nh sau: H2S + 2(OH-CH2CH2-NH2) (HO-CH2-CH2-NH3)2S
(HO-CH2-CH2-NH3)2S + H2S = 2(OH-CH2CH2-NH2-SH)
nhit 25 400C phn ng t tri sang phi, 1050C phn ng theoThc s Lm ngc li. chiu Vnh Sn
Mt s h thng x l kh thi n gin
X l kh thi l hi: Kh thi l hi do t du FO (3% S)

STT 1 2 3 4 5 Thnh phn Nhit Bi SO2 NOx CO n v
0C
Kt qu
140 200 mg/m3 500 1000 mg/m3 700 mg/m3 5.000 mg/m3 400 700 Ngun: S tay hng dn X l khi l hi S KHCN50 100 & MTTp.HCM
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
X l kh thi l hi: Gii php: Tng cng hiu qu t tit kim nhin liu ng thi lm gim NOx. SO2 c x l bng phng php hp th, dung dch hp th thng (NaOH, Na2CO3), dung dch ban u c pH 11-12, khi pH < 5 b sung thm ha cht. Hiu qu x l i vi SO2trong cng trnh thc t > 90%
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Tnh ton thit b hp th

o Cn bng vt cht - mass balance o Lu lng lng, nng pha lng o ng hc: ng lm vic operating line o Kch thc thit b:ng knh, chiu cao o Tr lc ca thit b tnh thit b ph nh bm, qut
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Trnh t tnh toan

o La chn dung mi hp th o ng cn bng v ng lm vic. o Lng dung mi cn thit. o S n v truyn khi v chiu cao mt n v truyn khi ct m hoc xc nh s mm thc t v khong cch mm. o Chiu cao o ng knh o Tr lc
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Dng bi ton
o Thng s bit: Nng pha kh, lu lng pha kh, nng pha lng u vo. o Thng s khng ch. Nng pha kh u ra. o Yu cu xc nh. ng knh, chiu cao thit b.
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
CHNG 7

Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Hp th - Absorption
Hp th - Absorption
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
NHIT QU TRNH
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
TRAO I CHT
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
NA = kG ( pAG pAi )
NA = kL (CAi CAL)
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
ng dng
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
CHT HP TH (DUNG MI)

CHT HP TH PH BIN
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn

Ngc dng
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
THP PHUN
CC LOI THIT B HP TH
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
THP PHUN
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
THP PHUN
Thp phun rng
Jet tower
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
CC LOI THIT B HP TH
Thp m:
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
CC LOI THIT B HP TH
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
CC LOI THIT B HP TH
(tt)
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Vt liu m
m - pack
Lp m ng
m vng raschig
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Vt liu m
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Vt liu ch to m
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
CC LOI THIT B HP TH
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
THP MM
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
THP MM
(a) Mm c l
(b) Mm van
(c) Mm chp

Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
THP MM
(a) Mm c l
(c) Mm chp
Thp mm xuyn l
Thp mm chp
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Thp mm van
THP MM
(a) Bi nc
(b) bt
(c) Nh tng

Bt

Hp th SO2:
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
X l SO2
X l SO2

X l SO2
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
X l SO2
X l SO2
Hp th bi ZnO:
X l SO2
X l SO2
X l SO2
X l SO2
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
X l NOx bng hp th
Hp th bng nc:
3NO2 + H2O = 2HNO3 + NO + Q

X l NOx
Hp th chn lc
Hp th chn lc (tt)
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
X l COx

X l CO
X l CO2
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
X l CO2
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
X l CO2
X l CO2
Hp th H2S
Hp th H2S
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Hp th H2S
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Hp th H2S
Hp th H2S
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Hp th H2S
Hp th H2S
Hp th H2S
Hp th H2S

0C
Kt qu
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn

Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Trnh t tnh toan

Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Dng bi ton
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
CHNG 7

Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Hp th - Absorption
Hp th - Absorption
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
NHIT QU TRNH
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
TRAO I CHT
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
NA = kG ( pAG pAi )
NA = kL (CAi CAL)
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
ng dng
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
CHT HP TH (DUNG MI)

CHT HP TH PH BIN
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn

Ngc dng
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
THP PHUN
CC LOI THIT B HP TH
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
THP PHUN
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
THP PHUN
Thp phun rng
Jet tower
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
CC LOI THIT B HP TH
Thp m:
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
CC LOI THIT B HP TH
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
CC LOI THIT B HP TH
(tt)
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Vt liu m
m - pack
Lp m ng
m vng raschig
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Vt liu m
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Vt liu ch to m
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
CC LOI THIT B HP TH
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
THP MM
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
THP MM
(a) Mm c l
(b) Mm van
(c) Mm chp

Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
THP MM
(a) Mm c l
(c) Mm chp
Thp mm xuyn l
Thp mm chp
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Thp mm van
THP MM
(a) Bi nc
(b) bt
(c) Nh tng

Bt

Hp th SO2:
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
X l SO2
X l SO2

X l SO2
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
X l SO2
X l SO2
Hp th bi ZnO:
X l SO2
X l SO2
X l SO2
X l SO2
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
X l NOx bng hp th
Hp th bng nc:
3NO2 + H2O = 2HNO3 + NO + Q

X l NOx
Hp th chn lc
Hp th chn lc (tt)
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
X l COx

X l CO
X l CO2
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
X l CO2
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
X l CO2
X l CO2
Hp th H2S
Hp th H2S
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Hp th H2S
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Hp th H2S
Hp th H2S
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Hp th H2S
Hp th H2S
Hp th H2S
Hp th H2S

0C
Kt qu
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn

Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Trnh t tnh toan

Thc s Lm Vnh Sn
Dng bi ton
Thc s Lm Vnh Sn

Chuong 7

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CHNG 7

X L KH THI BNG PHNG PHP HP TH

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TRAO I CHT Cng trao i cht t pha ny sang pha kia:

Phng trnh trao i i vi lp bin kh:

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CHT HP TH (DUNG MI)

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HIU SUT CA QU TRNH HP TH Ph thuc vo cc yu t:

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PHN LOI THIT B HP TH

Giao dng - Crossflow

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Thp phun rng

Thp phun dng a quay Thc s Lm Vnh Sn

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(d) Mm vi valve caps

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(d) Bong bng (e) Bt t bo

Hnh: Trng thi ca cht lng khi tip xc vi mm

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ng dng trong x l kh thi

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Ca(HSO3)2 + 2CaCO3 = Ca(HCO3)2 + 2CaSO3 Ca(HCO3)2 + 2H2SO3 = Ca(HSO3)2 + 2H2CO3

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x l NOx c th s dng dung dch oxi gi long:

Phng php hp th ng thi NOx, SO2

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X l Halogen v cc hp cht ca chng X l cc hp cht cha Flo:

X l Halogen v cc hp cht ca chng (tt)

X l Halogen v cc hp cht ca chng (tt)

X l Halogen v cc hp cht ca chng (tt)

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X l Halogen v cc hp cht ca chng (tt)

X l Halogen v cc hp cht ca chng (tt)

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X l CO: Hp th bng [Cu(NH3)m(H2O)n]+:

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Mt s h thng x l kh thi n gin

X l kh thi l hi: Kh thi l hi do t du FO (3% S)

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