CENTRAL BICOL STATE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE CDE - Laboratory High School Pili, Camarines Sur Detailed Lesson Plan

in Science and Technology III (Chemistry) 3-A 3B; 2:00-4:00 pm December 2 & 5, 2011 PSSLC: III. 1.6 I. Objectives: At the end of the session, at least 85% of the students are expected to: General: 1. Understand the concept of solutions. Specific: 1. Identify the Colligative properties of solutions; 2. Describe the different Colligative properties of solutions; and 3. Relate the importance of these to human daily living. II. Subject Matter A. Topic: Solutions Sub-topic: Colligative Properties of Solutions B. References: a. Chemistry for the New Millennium by Emil Soriano, et.al, pp. 295-298 b. http://chemistry.about.com/od/solutionsmixtures/a/freezingpointde.-Nxc.htm c. http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/liquids/vpress.html Materials: Projector, computers, powerpoint presentation, white screen, laboratory apparatuses mentioned in the laboratory activity.

C.

D. Concepts: When solutes and solvents are mixed to form a new solution, the resulting substance shows properties that are different from the original properties of the solute and the solvents. Some of these properties are called colligative properties. These are the following: 1. 2. 3. 4. E. F. Freezing point depression Boiling point elevation Osmotic pressure Vapor pressure lowering

Skills: identifying, describing, relating, conducting laboratory experiment, analyzing Values Integration: relating the importance of these to human daily living

G. Time Frame: 120 minutes H. Strategy Applied: Inductive Method, 4As III. Teaching Procedure Time Frame 3 min. Teaching Hints A. Preliminary Activities 1. Greetings 2. Prayer 3. Securing the Cleanliness Checking of Attendance Teachers Activity Students Activity Instructional Materials

4.

Good morning class! Everybody stand, kindly lead the prayer. Before taking your sits, arrange your chairs first and pick up tiny pieces of dirt under your chairs. Class monitor, who are absent for today?

Good morning Maam! (Students will stand and a student will lead the prayer.)

Powerpoint presentation

(Class monitor will recite the list of students who are absent.)

5.

Checking of Assignment

Thank you, class monitor. Did I give you an assignment last meeting? Okey. Lets recall that solutions are homogenous mixture of two or more substances. And is composed of two components which are?

No Maam.

3 min.

B. Recall

Solute dissolving substance; less in quantity Solvent dissolving medium; larger in quantity The factors affecting the solubility of solutions are: Temperature Pressure Nature of substances

Very Good, how about the factors affecting solubility, can you enumerate them?

5 min.

C. Motivation

(Flash a pictures of a dirty ice cream metal container) What can you see?

Keeping dirty ice cream cold. The picture shows ice cream that is kept freezing. Possible answers: It is because of the ice cubes in the container A cooler is installed on the cart They put salt in the ice cubes to lower the freezing point of the ice taking a longer time for it to melt.

Great observation! Why do you think that ice cream on that metal container is kept frozen?

Nice hypotheses! 1 min. 1 min. 3 min. D. Presentation of the Lesson E. Presentation of Objectives F. Unlocking of Difficulties For this day, well discuss the colligative properties of solutions. What do we have to learn for today? (Let the students read the objectives.) Before we continue, let us first define some important terms that will help us in our discussion. How will you define Vapor Pressure? PowerPoint Presentation Students will read the objectives.

Vapor Pressure is the pressure of the vapor resulting from evaporation of a liquid (or solid) above a sample of the liquid (or solid) in a closed container.

Freezing Point?

Freezing Point is the temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid.

Boiling Point?

Boiling Point is the temperature at which a liquid boils at a fixed pressure, especially under standard atmospheric conditions. non-volatile solute (the salt, for example) hasn't got any tendency to form a vapor at the temperature of the solution.

non-volatile solute?

Temperature?

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy (KEavg) of the particles of a substance.

5min.

G. Lesson Proper 1. Pre-activity discussion

For our activity, I will group you into 3, and then you will choose your leader. Each group will perform an activity, after which a representative per group will report the groups work for the class. The activity will be good for 15 minutes and another 5 minutes will be allotted in answering the guide questions. We will be using a rubric in grading your group activity. RUBRICS: Accuracy 40% Cooperation 10%. Discipline 20% Clarity of the output 30% Total 100% For the activity, Ill provide you an index card where you can see the procedure to be followed by group. In presenting your work, youll follow this format flashed on the screen. Present your output in manila paper. Group # ____ Title of Activity: Materials: Procedure: Data: Illustrations: Observation/s: Conclusions: So, do you have questions regarding to your activity? None, Maam! Okay, so you can now do the activity. (The teacher will watch over the (Students will perform the respective students perform of the activity.) activity per group.) Activity Sheet Colligative Properties of Solutions Objectives: 1. Explain what the colligative properties of solutions. Group 1. How to Lift an Ice Cube Using a Matchsticks

PowerPoint Presentation

20min.

2.

Activity proper

Laboratory materials, manila paper, marker

1. 2.

Materials: NaCl crystals An ice cube matches a bowl of water Procedure: 1. Allow an ice cube to float in water. 2. 3. Lay a matchstick on the top of the cube. Then sprinkle some NaCl crystals around the match.

4. Allow the salt to freeze, and lift the ice cube using the matchstick. Points for Discussion: 1. What did you observe? 2. Why do you think is this the case? Group 2. Osmosis Materials: Tea bag string food coloring 250 mL beaker Stirring rod water Procedure: 1. Pour 150 mL of water in a beaker. 2. Place 20 mL of water with food coloring in the tea bag and tie, using a string. 3. Gently immerse the cellophane onto the contents of the beaker. Points for Discussion: 1. What did you observe? 2. Why do you think is this the case?

Group 3. Boiling Point Elevation Materials: (2) 250 mL beaker 150 mL water Stirring rod 20 g sugar Thermometer Tripod Wire gauze Alcohol lamp Procedure: 1. Bring 150 mL water into a boil. 2. Determine its boiling point, using a thermometer. 3. Record the boiling of the distilled water. 4. (For the sugar solution) on another beaker, prepare a 150 mL sugar solution and stir. 5. Bring the solution into boil. Record the boiling point of the solution. Points for Discussion: 1. Compare the boiling point of water and the sugar solution. 2. Why do you think is this the case?

10 min.

3.

Post-activity discussion

How did you find the activity? (Let each representative of the group discuss their works.)

Fun and knowledgeable. (Representative per group will present their works through the aid of impress presentation.) There is ice water around the matchstick because of the NaCl crystals. This is because water freezes at lower temperature than ordinary water. Because of the semi-permeable membrane which in our case, the tea bag, allow the passage of the colored water out of the bag. The sugar solution has much higher boiling temperature than of pure water. Freezing Point Lowering

10 min.

4.

Analysis

For the activity of group 1, what is the effect of the addition of salt to the ice? Why do you think is this the case?

Group 2s activity?

Group 3?

10 min.

5.

Abstraction

Now, let us talk about the colligative properties of solution. What is the first factor? What about the Freezing Point Lowering? How much be the lowering of the freezing point of the solution? The answer is it depends on the amount of solute added. The amount of solute added is directly proportional to its lowering of freezing point. Whats the next colligative property? How does surface area affects the rate of reaction? Very good! Molecules such as solvent molecules that can pass through the membrane will migrate from the side of higher concentration to the side of lower concentration in a process known as osmosis. How about the third property?

PowerPoint Presentation

A solution will solidify (freeze) at a lower temperature than the pure solvent The presence of particles lowers the freezing point of the solvent. And the temperature drops a little lower than its original .

Osmotic pressure. It arises when two solutions of different concentrations, or a pure solvent and a solution, are separated by a semi-permeable membrane.

Boiling point elevation.

Brilliant! The temperature at which the solvent boils is increased by adding any nonvolatile solute. A common example of boiling point elevation can be observed by adding salt to water. The boiling point of the water is increased.

Boiling point elevation occurs when the boiling point of a solution becomes higher than the boiling point of a pure solvent.

What is the other property? Marvelous! The vapor pressure of a liquid is the equilibrium pressure of gas molecules from that liquid (i.e., the results of evaporation) above the liquid itself. A glass of water placed in an open room will evaporate completely (and thus never reach equilibrium); however, if a cover is placed on the glass, the space above the liquid will eventually contain a constant amount of water vapor. How much water vapor is present depends on the temperature, but not on the amount of liquid that is present at equilibrium (provided some liquid is present at equilibrium). Do you have questions? How will you relate these colligative properties of solution daily living?

Vapor Pressure Lowering .

5 min.

6.

Application

3 min.

H. Generalization

Again, what are the colligative properties of solutions?

5 min.

I. Values Integration

Now, how will you relate the colligative properties to human health and activities?

None, Maam Possible answers: Freezing point lowering allows our ice creams to be kept frozen in longer time. It takes time when we are about to boil our food with solutes than any pure substances. Colligative properties of solutions are: 1. Freezing Point Lowering 2. Osmotic Pressure/Osmosis 3. Boiling Point Elevation 4. Vapor Pressure Lowering Possible answers: In terms of biological system osmosis is very evident in cells because it is surrounded by semipermeable membrane. Dirty ice cream vendors uses the concept of freezing point lowering in keeping their ice creams frozen

PowerPoint presentation

IV. Evaluation: (5 min.)

I. Identify the following:

_____________ 1 . The temperature where the vapor pressure of a solution equals the atmospheric pressure. _____________2. The movement of solvent particles from concentrated particles area to less concentrated area through semi-permeable membrane. _____________3. The pressure exerted by the surface of a liquid to become gas at specific temperature. _____________4. Properties of solution that depends on the number of solute present rather than the nature of solute. _____________5. Materials that allows small particles to pass through.

Key to Correction: J. Identification 1. Boiling point 2. Osmosis

3. 4.
5.

Vapor pressure lowering Colligative properties Semi-permeable membranes

V. Assignment: (3 min.) In your Journal, answer this question: 1. What are the other applications of colligative properties of solutions? Discuss briefly. State references used.

Prepared by: Janine Pauline S. Sierda Chemistry Student Teacher Checked by: Prof. Charlie P. Nacario Cooperating Teacher

Noted by:

Nelia A. Barce LHS Coordinator

Prof. Nelia B. Arimado Chair, Sec. Ed, Prog