BÁO CÁO ĐỒ ÁN HOÀN CHỈNH

an h thng nhung
Thit k mach iu khin thit bi thng qua in thoai
NHN XET CUA GIAO VIN HNG DN

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Thai Nguyn, Ngay thang nm 2012
Giao vin hng dn
( ky ghi ro ho tn)
NHN XET CUA GIAO VIN CHM

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Thai Nguyn, Ngay thang nm 2012
Giao vin chm
( ky ghi ro ho tn)
GVHD: Ths. Nguyn Tun Linh
an h thng nhung

LI NOI U
Ngy nay, vic ng dng cho cc h thng nhng ngy cng tr nn ph bin: t
nhng ng dng n gin nh iu khin mt cht n giao thng nh thi, m sn
phm trong mt dy chuyn sn xut, iu khin tc ng c in mt chiu, thit
k mt bin qung co dng Led ma trn, mt ng h thi gian thc.n cc ng
dng phc tp nh h thng iu khin robot, b kim sot trong nh my hoc h
thng kim sot cc my nng lng ht nhn. Cc h thng t ng trc y s dng
nhiu cng ngh khc nhau nh cc h thng t ng hot ng bng nguyn l kh
nn, thy lc, rle c in, mch in t s, cc thit b my mc t ng bng cc cam
cht c kh... cc thit b, h thng ny c chc nng x l v mc t ng thp so
vi cc h thng t ng hin i c xy dng trn nn tng ca cc h thng nhng.
Nganh vin thng ang ong mt vai tro rt quan trong i vi nn kinh t cua mi
quc gia, no giup con ngi tin gn hn vi nn khoa hoc ky thut ang phat trin nh
vu bao cua nhn loai hin nay. H thng vin thng khng ngng phat trin t c inh
sang di ng. Con ngi co th lin lac vi nhau du bt ky ni u.
Da vao c tinh truyn tin xa va vn dung c tinh nay, nhom a chon tai Thit
k mach iu khin thit bi thng qua in thoai nhm cai tin khoang cach iu khin
trong gai on cng ngh iu khin t xa ang pht trin mnh hin nay. Vi tai
nay, nhom mun s dung in thoai di ng iu khin thit bi in dn dung, in
thoai c hoat ng trn nn mang GSM thu thng tin iu khin. tai tuy con
n gian, thit bi iu khin khng nhiu nhng nhom mong y se la tai liu b ich
cho nhng ai quan tm va mong mun phat trin theo cng ngh iu khin nay.
Trong qua trinh thc hin an, chung em chn thanh cam n cac thy c trong b
mn va c bit la thy giao Nguyn Tun Linh a tn tinh hng dn, chi bao chung
em thc hin an nay vi kt qua tt nht.
Nhom sinh vin thc hin
Trng Vn Dng
Nguyn Hu c
Trn Quang Dun
an h thng nhung

MC LC
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PH LC HNH NH
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CHNG I : PHN TICH H THNG

1. GII THIU TAI
Ngay nay cung vi s phat trin manh me cua khoa hoc ky thut , cng ngh ky thut
in t ma trong o c bit la nganh iu khin t ng ong vai tro quan trong moi
linh vc cua khoa hoc ky thut, quan ly cng nghip, cung cp thng tin. Nh chung
ta a bit gn nh cac thit bi t ng cua nha may, trong i sng cua cac gia inh
ngay nay u hoat ng c lp vi nhau, mi thit bi co mt quy trinh s dung khac
nhau tuy thuc vao s thit lp, cai t cua ngi dung. Chung cha co s lin kt nao
vi nhau v mt d liu. Nhng i vi h thng iu khin thit bi thng qua in thoai
thi khac, cac thit bi c kt ni vi nhau tao thanh mt h thng cac thit bi hoan
chinh qua mt thit bi trung tm va co th giao tip vi nhau v mt d liu.
H thng iu khin thit bi t xa thng qua in thoai co th diu khin c nhng
thit bi t n gian n phc tap hn nh bong en, quat in, may iu hoa hay tivi, h
thng bao ng. Nghia la tt ca cac thit bi nay c iu khin cung trong mt b
iu khin trung tm. B iu khin trung tam nay co th la mt may tinh hoan chinh
hay mt b x ly a c lp trinh sn tt ca cac chng trinh iu khin. Thng
thng, cac thit bi gia inh trong nha nh quat in, tu lanh, tivico th c iu
khin bt tt thng qua mt cuc goi thoai hay chi mt tin nhn SMS. Ngoai ra, h thng
con mang tinh bao mt, nghia la chi nhng ai bit c mt khu xm nhp vao h
thng mi co th iu khin c cac thit bi trong nha [1].
2. CAC YU CU VA RANG BUC I VI H THNG
2.1 Cac yu cu i vi h thng
- H thng c s dung iu khin bt/tt cac thit bi gia inh.
- H thng co kha nng iu khin nhiu thit bi.
- H thng iu khin c lp t trong nha.
- S dung mang GSM truyn cac thng tin iu khin.
- H thng lam vic at c s n inh.
- Ch bao mt cua h thng.
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- Chi phi cho toan b h thng ti thiu nht h thng co th thng mai hoa.
2.2 Cac iu kin rang buc
Vi h thng lam vic mang in thoai di ng GSM nn no co cac rang buc sau:
- Cng tin hiu cua mang tai ni t b iu khin
- Anh hng cua nhiu n h thng
- iu kin mi trng: nhit , m
- Chi phi cho h thng
2.3 Chc nng cua h thng iu khin thit bi thng qua in thoai
- Kim tra trang thai cua thit bi trc khi iu khin.
- T kt qua kim tra, ngi dung co th goi in n bn in thoai thu tin hiu iu
khin dung cac lnh iu khin thit bi.
- H thng sau khi nhn lnh se thc hin vic x ly lnh iu khin va iu khin cac
thit bi.
- Thc hin bao mt bng password
2.4 Phng php nghin cu
Trong ti ny nhm em s dng cc phng php nghin cu:
- Phng php tham kho ti liu: bng cch thu thp thng tin t sch, tp ch v
in t v truy cp t mng internet.
- Phng php quan st: kho st mt s mch in thc t ang c trn th trng
v tham kho thm mt s dng mch t mng Internet.
- Phng php thc nghim: t nhng tng v kin thc vn c ca mnh kt
hp vi s hng dn ca gio vin, nhm em lp rp th nghim nhiu dng mch
khc nhau t chn lc nhng mch in ti u.
Vi ti ny, nhm em da vo sch gio khoa v nhng kin thc c trang b
trong qu trnh hc tp cng vi s tr gip ca my tnh v nhng thng tin trn mng
Internet. Ngoi ra, cn c nhng thit b tr gip trong qu trnh thit k mch do nhm
em t trang b.
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3. LA CHON PHNG AN
iu khin thit bi chung ta co th la chon mt trong hai phng phap thu nhn
tin hiu iu khin o la:
- S dung modul GSM/GPRS.
- S dng in thoi ( MOBILE).
Phng n 1 : Dng b MODULE GSM/GPRS M590 kt ni vi vi iu khin

PIC16F877A : chi ph v gi thnh kh t. Thch hp cho lp trnh lnh AT d dng v
y tn nng cho lp trnh vi lnh AT. Ngoi ra cn c th pht trin ng dng su
thm vi GPRS, GPS.
Phng n 2: Dng in thoi di ng (Ericssion T28, T39 ) c chc nng ging
vi MODULE GSM/GPRS M590 kt ni vi PIC16F877A. Vic lp trnh cho in
thoi di ng cng gn tng t nh GSM MODULE nhng c hn ch hn v mt s
loi in thoi ch h tr lnh AT dng Mode PDU nn lp trnh rt phc tp. Ngoi ra
phn kt ni gia in thoi di ng vi khi vi iu khin cng rt phc tp.
Phng n la chn : chn phng n 1 v MODULE GSM/GPRS M590 h tr lp
trnh lnh AT c 2 ch Mode Text v Mode PDU nn vic lp trnh n gin hn
nhiu so vi in thoi di ng. Mc d gi thnh kh t nhng v n h tr ch
Mode Text nn vic lp trnh n gin hn nhiu so vi dng in thoi di ng v vy
nhm em quyt nh dng Module GSM/GPRS M590. Ngoi ra cn c th pht trin
cc ng dng khc s dng GPRS, GPS.
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CH NG II : THIT K H THNG
1.
THIT K NGUYN LY
1.1. S tng quat h thng

VI
MODULE
GSM/GPR
S M590
IU
KHIN
Khi Giao Tip

SMS
PIC16F877A
KHI
NGUN
KHI IU
KHIN
THIT BI
MOBILE
EE
THIT BI
Hinh 2.1 S khi tng th h thng
CHC NNG TNG KHI:
Khi giao tip SMS
C chc nng gi nhn tin nhn SMS cho vic iu khin cc thit b. Khi ny cn 1
thit b in thoi di ng v 1 Module GSM/GPRS M590:
- Thit b in thoi di ng : dnh cho ngi s dng (iu khin). Ngi s dng
cn phi ng k dch v vin thng i vi cc nh cung cp dch v trong nc.
- Module GSM/GPRS M590 : Module ny phi c gn Sim ca nh cung cp
dch v v cng cn phi c chc nng nh mt in thoi di ng kt ni vi vi iu

khin PIC16F877A. Ci ny c t c nh v thng xuyn kt ni vi
PIC16F877A.
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Khi ngi s dng nhn mt tin SMS c ni dung l mt lnh yu cu iu khin

thit b. V d : DV:ADA:ON, DV:ADA:OFF, PT:ADA:ON, .. th Module
GSM/GPRS M590 s nhn tin nhn v c x l bi cu lnh iu khin c lp trnh
v c np vo vi iu khin PIC16F877A.
Khi x l phn cng
Khi x l phn cng l khi trung tm trong vic x l v iu khin phn cng. Khi
do mt vi iu khin PIC16F877A m nhn v c nhim v gi nhn d liu vi
Module GSM/GPRS M590 mt cch lin tc. Khi Module GSM/GPRS M590 gi thng
tin iu khin th Khi x l phn cng s c lp trnh thc thi. Vi iu khin c
nhim v giao tip vi khi cng sut.
Khi cng sut
Khi ny bao gm 2 BJT C1815 c nhim v khuch i in p kch cho relay.
Khi cng sut vi dng thp, p ng ti tiu t cng sut thp v dn dng nh bng
n.
1.2 . S callgraph cua h thng
Ph n m m i u
khi n
Timer
ADC routines
Modul GSM /
GPRS M 590
ch i u
khi n
ADC
Nh n
g i
SMS
i u khi n
c thi t
Hinh 2.2 S callgraph cua h thng

1.3 S c t h thng
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Hnh 2.3 S c t h thng

1.4 Tng quan v cac linh kin c dung
Vi an nay chung em la chon cac linh sau se c dung trong mach:
-
Modul GSM/GPRS, tp lnh AT command
Mach iu khin dung PIC16F877A
Giao tip gia mach iu khin va modul qua cng COM.
Cach ly quang OPTO 817 c dung bao v cho PIC
iu khin ong m cac thit bi dung Rle 12V/10A.
Ngoai ra con cac linh kin khac nh LM7805 ( bin i v n nh in p ngun

5V), cac loai tu in, in tr, it
-
2. THIT K KY THUT
2.1 Gii thiu modul GSM/GPRS M590 va tp lnh AT command
2.1.1 Gii thiu modul GSM/GPRS M590
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2.1.1.1. ng dng
NeoWay M590 l loi Modul khng dy GSM/GPRS hoat ng hai bng tn. N
h tr kt ni mang GPRS, gi nhn SMS v cc chc nng khc. M590 c ng dng
ph bin trong cc lnh vc cng nghip v thng mi.
Modem RS232 M590 l mt modem GPRS c thit k truyn v nhn d liu
thng qua mang GSM. Modem nay co pham vi ng dung rng rai trong cac linh vc nh
:truy nhp mng, nh v t xa, tp hp d liu v tuyn t b cm bin, quan st t xa,
iu khin v bo hiu
Modem RS232 M590 s dung tp lnh iu khin AT GSM 07.07 va c trang b
vi cc Led ch th kim tra trng thi kt ni [2].
2.1.1.2. Cc chi tit k thut
Bang thng s ky thut cua Modul M590 :
c im
Miu t
Kch thc
28x24x11 ( di x rng x cao )
Khi lng
7g
Tn sut
EGSM900/GSM1800 bng kp
nhy tng i
-106dBm
Cng truyn
ti a
EGSM900 nhm 4 (2W)
DCS1800 nhm 1 ( 1W)

Dng in
Ti a 2A
Dng in hot
ng
210mA
Dng chun
2.5mA
Nhit hot ng
-40C +80C
in ap hoat ng
3.3V 4.8 VDC
Giao thc
Tng thch vi GSM/GPRS pha 2/2+
AT
GSM 07.07
Tp AT m rng
Connector
GSM RF connector
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SMS
TEXT/ PDU
im im, qung b cell
Nhm d liu
GPRS nhm 10
Phng thc m ha :CS1, CS2, CS3,
CS4
Knh chuyn mch

d liu
H tr dch v d liu CSD

H tr USSD
2.1.1.3. Hnh dng chi tit v sn phm

GPRS modem M590 c th hin trn hnh 2.3
Hnh 2.4 : Chi tit v sn phm

Trn hnh 1.1 bao gm :
1. Cc Led ch th trng thi xanh v
2. DB9 connector(RS232) cng kt ni d liu
3. Cng Adapter kt ni ngun 10 30VDC.
4. RF Cable kt ni ti anten GSM.
Cng kt ni d liu connector DB9
Connector c s dng kt ni ti thit b iu khin, giao thc chuyn i

RS232.
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Hnh 2.5 : S chn kt ni cng RS232

ngha ca cc chn tin hiu:
STT
Chn
Mc ch
NC
RXD
Thu d liu
TXD
Truyn d liu
NC
GND
NC
NC
NC
NC
GND ( chn ni t )
2.1.1.4. Trng thi ca Led

LED
Trng thi
M t
Khng sng
Cha c ngun cp, hoc ngun co

vn .
XANH
Led sng
nhn c ngun cp
1s/ ln
Tnh trng kt ni mng tt
Led khng sng
Cha kt ni c mng
2.1.1.5 Hinh anh y u cua modul va antenna
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Hinh 2.6 Hinh anh y u v modul GSM/GPRS M590

2.1.2 Tp lnh AT command
2.1.2.1 Gii thiu tp lnh AT
Cc lnh AT l cc hng dn c s dng iu khin mt modem. AT l mt
cch vit gn ca ch Attention. Mi dng lnh ca n bt u vi AT hay at. l
l do ti sao cc lnh Modem c gi l cc lnh AT. Nhiu lnh ca n c s dng
iu khin cc modem quay s s dng dy mi (wired dial-up modems), chng hn
nh ATD (Dial), ATA (Answer), ATH (Hool control) v ATO (return to online data
state), cng c h tr bi cc modem GSM/GPRS v cc in thoi di ng .
Bn cch b lnh AT thng dng ny, cc modem GSM/GPRS v cc in thoi di
ng cn c h tr bi mt b lnh AT c bit i vi cng ngh GSM. N bao
gm cc lnh lin quan ti SMS nh AT+ CMGS (gi tin nhn SMS), AT+CMSS (gi
tin nhn SMS t mt vng l tr), AT+CMGL (chui lit k cc tin nhn SMS) v
AT+CMGR (c tin nhn SMS) [1].
Ngoi ra, cc modem GSM cn h tr mt b lnh AT m rng. Nhng lnh AT m
rng ny c nh ngha trong cc chun ca GSM. Vi cc lnh AT m rng ny,bn
c th lm mt s th nh sau:
c,vit, xa tin nhn
Gi tin nhn SMS
Kim tra chiu di tn hiu
Kim tra trng thi sc bin v mc sc ca bin.
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c, vit v tm kim v cc mc danh b
S tin nhn SMS c th c thc thi bi mt modem SMS trn mt pht th rt

thp, n ch khong t 6 n 10 tin nhn SMS trn 1 pht.
2.1.2.2 Cc lnh cua MODULE GSM/GPRS M590:
a. Cac lnh khi tao [2]:
Lnh AT<cr>
Nu lnh thc hin c th tr v:

Ok
Bt u thc hin cc lnh tip theo.
Nu lnh khng thc hin c th tr v dng:
+CMS ERROR <err>
Lnh AT+CMGF=[<mode>] <cr>

Ok
<mode> : 0 dng d liu PDU
1 dng d liu kiu text
+CMS ERROR <err>
Lnh AT&W[<n>]

Ok
Lu cu hnh cho MODUL GSM/GPRS M590
+CMS ERROR <err>
Lnh ATE[<value>]
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Ok
<value> 0 Tt ch Echo
1 Bt ch Echo
+ CMS ERROR <err>
b. Cc lnh x l cuc gi:
Lnh quay s:
ATD<cr>
V d: mun quay s ti s in thoi 01266609025 thi ta g lnh
ATD01266609025;<cr>
<cr>: Enter
Lnh nhc my:
ATA<cr>
V d: khi c s in thoai no gi n s in thoi c gn trn modem
Sim300Cz, ta mun nht my kt ni th g lnh
ATA <cr>
Lnh b cuc gi:
ATH<cr>
V d: khi c s in thoai no gi n s in thoi c gn trn modem
Sim300Cz, ta khng mun nhc my m t chi cuc gi th g lnh
ATH<cr>
c. Cc lnh v SMS
Lnh Xa tin nhn
AT+CMGD
V d: mun xa mt tin nhn no c lu trn sim th ta thc hin lnh sau.
AT+CMGD=<index> <cr>
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<index>: v tr ngn nh lu tin nhn

Ok
+ CMS ERROR <err>
Lnh c tin nhn:
AT+CMGR=<index>[,mode] <cr>
<index> : s nguyn, l v tr ngn nh cha tin nhn cn c
<mode> : 0 dng d liu PDU
1 dng d liu kiu text
Nu nh lnh c thc hin th kiu d liu tr v di dng text ( mode=1):
T SMS-DELIVER:
+ CMGR:<stat>,<oa>,[<alpha>],<scts>[,<tooa>,<fo>,<pid>,<dcs>,<sca>,<tosca>,
<length>]<CR><LF><data>
T SMS-SUBMIT:
+ CMGR:<stat>,<da>,[<alpha>][,<toda>,<fo>,<pid>,<dcs>,[<vp>],<sca>,<tosca>,
<length>]<CR><LF><data>
T SMS-STATUS-REPORTs:
+ CMGR: <stat>,<fo>,<mr>,[<ra>],[<tora>],<scts>,<dt>,<st>
T SMS-COMMANDs:
+ CMGR:<stat>,<fo>,<ct>[,<pid>,[<mn>],[<da>],[<toda>],
<length><CR><LF><cdata>]
T CBM storage
+ CMGR:<stat>,<sn>,<mid>,<dcs>,<page>,<pages><CR><LF>
<data>
Nu d liu tr v dng PDU(mode=0):
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+ CMGR: <stat>,[<alpha>],<length><CR><LF><pdu>
Nu lnh b li th tr v di dng:
+CMS ERROR: <err>
Lnh gi tin nhn SMS:
AT+CMGS
Nu gi tin nhn di dng text:
(+CMGF=1):
+ CMGS=<da>[,<toda>]<CR> text is entered <ctrl-Z/ESC>
Nu gi tin nhn dng PDU:
(+CMGF=0):
+ CMGS=<length><CR> PDU is given <ctrl-Z/ESC>
Lnh c thc hin thnh cng thi d liu tr v:
Dng text : +CMGS: <mr>
OK
Dng PDU : +CMGS: <mr>
OK
Lnh b li : +CMS ERROR: <err>
Lnh vit tin nhn ri lu vo ngn nh:
AT+CMGW
Nu vit tin nhn di dng text :
AT+CMGW=[<oa/da>[,<tooa/toda>[,<stat>]]]<CR>text is entered
<ESC>
Lnh c thc hin ng th d liu tr v dng:
+ CMGW: <index>
OK
Lnh sai:
+ CMS ERROR: <err>
Nu vit tin nhn di dng PDU:
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<ctrl-Z/ESC>
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AT+CMGW=<length>[,<stat>]<CR> PDU is given <ctrl-Z/ESC>
Lnh gi tin nhn t mt ngn nh no :
AT+CMSS=<index>[,<da>[,<toda>]]
Nu lnh c thc hin thnh cng d liu tr v dng:
Dng text: +CMGS: <mr> [,<scts>]
OK
Dng PDU: +CMGS: <mr> [,<ackpdu>]
OK
Nu lnh b li:
+CMS ERROR: <err>
Lnh bo hiu tin nhn mi:
AT+CNMI=[<mode>[,<mt>[,<bm> [,<ds>[,<bfr>]]]]]
Nu lnh c thch hin ng th d liu tr v dng:
OK
Nu lnh b li:
+CMS ERROR: <err>
d. Cc lnh v GPRS
AT+CGATT : lnh gn hay tch thit b khi GPRS
AT+CGDCONT : nh ngha dng PDP
AT+CGQMIN : cht lng dich v mc thp nht
AT+CGQREQ : cht lng dich v
AT+CGDATA : trng thi d liu vo
AT+CGREG : tnh trng ng k ca mng
AT+CGCOUNT : m gi d liu vo
2.2 Khao sat vi iu khin PIC16F877A
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Hnh 2.7 PIC16F877A

2.2.1 S chn cua vi iu khin PIC16F877A
Hinh 2.8 S chn cua vi iu khin PIC16F877A
2.2.2 S khi cua vi iu khin PIC16F877A

S khi cua PIC16F877A nh hinh di [4]:
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Hinh 2.9 S khi cua PIC16F877A

2.2.3 Mt s thng s v vi iu khin PIC16F877A
y la vi iu khin thuc ho ho PIC16Fxxx vi tp lnh gm 35 lnh co dai 14
bit. Mi lnh u c thc thi trong mt chu ky xung clock. Tc hoat ng ti a
cho phep la 20MHz vi chu ky lnh la 200ns. B nh chng trinh la 8K x 14 bit, b
nh d liu la 368x8 byte RAM va b nh d liu EEPROM vi dung lng 256x8
byte. S PORT I/O la 5 vi 33 pin I/O [3].
Cac c tinh ngoai vi bao gm cac khi chc nng sau:
Timer0 : B m 8 bit vi b chia tn 8 bit.
Timer1 : B m 16 bit vi b chia tn s, co th thc hin chc nng m da vao
xung clock ngoai vi ngay khi vi iu khin hoat ng ch sleep.
Timer2 : B m 8 bit vi b chia tn s, b postcaler.
Hai b Capture/ so sanh/ iu ch rng xung.
Cac chun giao tip ni tip SSP ( synchronous Serial Port ), SPI va I2C.
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Chun giao tip ni tip USART vi 9 bit ia chi gm hai phng thc giao tip l
chun USART ng b v chun USART bt ng b.
Cng giao tip song song PSP ( Parallel Slave Port )vi cac chn iu khin RD,WR,
CS bn ngoai.
Cac c tinh Analog :
- 8 knh chuyn i ADC 10bit.
- Hai b so sanh
Bn canh o la mt vai c tinh khac cua vi iu khin nh :
- B nh flash vi kha nng ghi/xoa c 100.000 ln.
- B nh EEPROM vi kha nng ghi/xoa c 1000.000 ln.
- D liu b nh EEPROM co th lu tr trn 40 nm.
- Kha nng t nap chng trinh vi kha nng iu khin cua phn mm.
- Nap c chng trinh ngay trn mach in ICSP ( In Circuit SeRial
Programming ) thng qua 2 chn.
- Watchdog timer vi b giao ng trong.
- Chc nng bao mt chng trinh.

- Ch Sleep
- Co th hoat ng vi nhiu dang Oscillator khac nhau.
2.3 Cc loi linh kin khc
2.3.1 Relay 12V
c im:
- in p tc ng: 12V
- Dng chu c 10 A.
- in p chu c 250 VAC.
- nhy cao.
- in p nh thng cao.
22
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- Hnh dng nh gn.
- c dng lm cng tc ng m.
Cc thng s tnh ton ca Relay
a. H s iu khin rle
K k = P k / P t
Vi : + Pk la cng sut iu khin inh mc cua rle, chinh la cng sut inh mc
cua c cu chp hanh.
+ Pt la cng sut tac ng, chinh la cng sut cn thit cung cp cho u vao rle
tac ng.
Vi rle in t Pk la cng sut tip im (nghia la cng sut tip im cho phep
truyn qua). Pt la cng sut cun dy nam chm hut.
Cac loai rle khac nhau thi Knh va Kk cung khac nhau.
b. Thi gian tac ng
La thi gian k t thi im cung cp tin hiu cho u vao, n luc c cu chp hanh
lam vic. Vi rle in t la quang thi gian cun dy c cung cp dong (hay ap) cho
n luc h thng tip im ong hoan toan (vi tip im thng m) va m hoan toan
(vi tip im thng ong).
Cac loai rle khac nhau tt cung khac nhau.
+ tt < 1.10-3[s] : rle khng quan tinh.
+ tt = (1 . 50).10-3 [s]: rle tac ng nhanh.
+ tt > 150.10-3[s]: rle thi gian
2.3.2 Opto Isolator
Opto hay cn gi l cch ly quang l linh kin tch hp c cu to gm 1 led v 1
photo diot hay 1 photo transitor. c s dng cc ly gia cc khi chnh lch nhau
v in hay cng sut nh khi c cng sut nh vi khi in p ln.
S mch nguyn l cho opto:
23
an h thng nhung
Opto Isolato c tc dng khi c dng nh i qua 2 u ca led c trong opto lm cho
led pht sng. Khi led pht sng lm thng 2 cc ca photo diot, m cho dng in chy
qua.
2.3.3 Tranzitor C1815
Tranzitor C1815 l Transistor BJT gm ba min to bi hai tip gip pn, trong
min gia l bn dn loi p. Min c mt tp cht cao nht, k hiu n+ l min pht
(emitter). Min c mt tp cht thp hn, k hiu n, gi l min thu (collecter). Min
gia c mt tp cht rt thp, k hiu p, gi l min gc (base). Ba chn kim loi gn
vi ba min tng ng vi ba cc emitter (E), base (B), collecter (C) ca transistor.
c tnh k thut ca transistor :
- in p gii hn : c 3 loi :
BVCEO : in p nh thng gia C v E khi cc B h.
BVCBO : in p nh thng gia C v B khi cc E h.
BVEBO : in p nh thng gia E v B khi cc C h.
- Dng in gii hn :
ICmax l dng in ti a cc C v I Bmax l dng in ti a cc B.
Dng ti a a vo cc B l : 10mA.
Dng ti a a vo cc C l : 100mA.
Chc nng ca transistor ch yu l khuych i tn hiu v ng ngt cc mch in.
- Cng sut gii hn :
Khi c dng in qua transisor s sinh ra 1 cng sut nhit lm nng transistor, cng
sut sinh ra c tnh theo cng thc : PT = IC.VCE
K hiu: transistor loi NPN
24
an h thng nhung
2.3.4 IC 7805
Chn 1 l chn INPUT
Chn 2 l GROUND
Chn 3 l chn OUTPUT
Ng ra OUT lun n nh 5V d in p t ngun
cung cp thay i. Mch ny dng bo v nhng mch
in ch hot ng in p 5V (cc loi IC thng hot ng in p ny). Nu
ngun in c s c t ngt: in p tng cao th mch in vn hot ng n nh nh
c IC 7805 vn gi c in p ng ra OUT 5V khng i.
2.3.5 Diot 1N4007
Diode c cu to gm hai lp bn dn p-n c ghp vi nhau. Diode 1N4007 l
loi diot thong dng nht, c chc nng dng i in xoay chiu thng l in
th 50Hz n 60Hz sang in th 1 chiu. Ty lai ca Diode m n c th chu ng
c dng t vi trm mA n loi cng sut cao c th chu ng n vi trm A.
Diode chnh lu ch yu l loi Silic. Hai c tnh k thut c bn ca Diode chnh lu
l dng thun ti a v dng ngc ti a (in p nh thng). Hai c tnh ny s do
nh sn xut cho bit.
2.2.6 Mt s linh kin khc c dng
- in tr cc loi 10k, 4.7k, 2.2k, 1k, 220 .
- Leb n.
- Cc loi t in
+ T mt chiu: 1000 F
+ T gm ( t xoay chiu): 102pF, 10pF
25
an h thng nhung
CHNG III: XY DNG H THNG

1.THIT K PHN CNG
Trong qu trnh thi cng phn cng, nhm em s s phn mm kh thng dng
trong lnh vc thit k board mch in t. l phn mm Altium designer. y l
phn mm thit k rt mnh phc v vic thit k. N p ng tt cc k thut cn
thit lm mt board mch in t hon chnh.
1.1 S nguyn l phn cng
1.1.1 S nguyn l
Hnh 3.1 S nguyn l ca h thng

1.1.2 S mch ngun
26
an h thng nhung
Hnh 3.2 S nguyn l mch ngun

Cc linh kin s dng trong mch ngun:
- Mch ngun s dng b Adapter cung cp ngun 12V/2A. a vo IC LM7805
ly in p 5V v cung cp in p 12V tc ng cho relay.

- Dng LM7805 a in p t 12V v 5V v n nh in p 5V ny cho vi iu
khin PIC16F877A lm vic.
- Dng cc t c tr s khc nhau lc in p ra l cc t c tr s nh sau: 1000
F, 102pF
1.1.3 S mch ng lc
Hnh 3.3 S nguyn l mch ng lc

Mch ng lc gm c Relay 12V, tranzitor C1815, opto 817, Diot 1N4007 dng
khuch i dng qua Relay v trnh in p ngc. Ngoi ra cn s dng in tr vi
cc tr s khc nhau nh 1k, 220 n nh in p
1.1.4 S mch iu khin
27
an h thng nhung
Hnh 3.4 S nguyn l kt ni PIC16F877A

1.2 S mch in
1.2.1 S mch in ngun v mch iu khin
Hnh 3.5 S mch in ca mch iu khin v mch ngun

1.2.2 S mch in ca mch ng lc
28
an h thng nhung
Hnh 3.6 S mch in mch ng lc
1.3 S m phng
LCD1
U1
13
14
3 0 .0
VOU T
R V2
L M 35
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
97%
33
R B 0 / IN T
34
RB1
35
RB2
36
R A 0 /A N 0
R B 3 /P G M
37
R A 1 /A N 1
RB4
38
R A 2 /A N 2 /V R E F -/C V R E FR B 5
39
R A 3 /A N 3 /V R E F + R B 6 /P G C
40
R A 4 /T 0 C K I/C 1 O U T R B 7 /P G D
R A 5 /A N 4 /S S /C 2 O U T
15
R C 0 /T 1 O S O /T 1 C K I
16
R E 0 /A N 5 /R D R C 1 /T 1 O S I/C C P 2
17
R E 1 /A N 6 /W R
R C 2 /C C P 1
18
R E 2 /A N 7 /C S
R C 3 /S C K /S C L
23
R C 4 /S D I/ S D A
24
M C L R /V p p / TH V
R C 5 /S D O
25
R C 6 /T X /C K
26
R C 7 /R X /D T
O S C 1 /C L K IN
O S C 2 /C L K O U T
D7
D6
D5
D4
E
RS
19
R D 0 /P S P 0
20
R D 1 /P S P 1
21
R D 2 /P S P 2
22
R D 3 /P S P 3
27
R D 4 /P S P 4
28
R D 5 /P S P 5
29
R D 6 /P S P 6
30
R D 7 /P S P 7
1k
RS
RW
E
D0
D1
D2
D3
D4
D5
D6
D7
RXD
TX D
R TS
C TS
P1
1
6
2
7
3
8
4
9
DCD
DSR
RXD
R TS
TX D
C TS
D TR
RI
ERROR
C O M P IM
P IC 1 6 F 8 7 7 A
7
8
9
10
D 4 11
D 5 12
D 6 13
D 7 14
1
2
3
U2
RS 4
RW 5
E 6
VSS
VDD
VEE
L M 0 16 L
29
an h thng nhung
Hnh 3.7 S m phng
30
an h thng nhung
2. THIT K PHN MM
2.1 Lu thut ton
2.1.1 Lu thut ton tng qut chng trnh chnh
31
an h thng nhung
Start
Khai bo bin , khi to gi

tr bin v thanh ghi
Cu hnh GSM
Khi to ngt timer
S
Ngt timer
Ngt tin nhn
, Ngt UART
Main
Thc hin cc chng trnh v lnh
iu khin
Kt thc
Hnh 3.7 Lu thut ton chng trnh chnh
32
an h thng nhung
2.1.2 Lu thut ton chng trnh con cu hnh GSM

Bt u
Gi tp lnh AT
S
Gi lnh AT +CMGF =1
( chuyn sang dng text )
Gi lnh AT + CSCS = GSM
Gi lnh AT &W
( lu cu hnh dng text
Xa b m
BUFFER
Kt thc
Hnh 3.9 Lu thut ton chng trnh con cu hnh GSM
33
an h thng nhung
2.1.3 Lu thut ton chng trnh con ngt Timer0

Bt u
Khai bo bin
Ktra _TN
Khi to Timer
Ktra _TN =1
Kimtra mt khu
Kimtra lnh iu khin
Reset gi tr Timer
Xa c ngt
Kt thc
Hnh 3.10 Lu thut ton chng trnh con ngt Timer0
34
an h thng nhung
2.1.4 Lu thut ton chng trnh nhn d liu v thc hin lnh iu khin
Bt u
Khai bo bin v khi

to bin
Gi tp lnh AT t Pic sang modul

GSM
Kim tra c tin nhn ti

modul GSM hay khng
c v lu gi cc lnh
Kim tra lnh v mt khu
Xa tin nhn
( AT + CMGD)
Thc hin lnh iu khin
Kt thc
35
an h thng nhung
Hnh 3.11 Lu thut ton chng trnh nhn d liu v thc hin lnh iu khin
2.15 Lu thut ton chng trnh iu khin cc thit b
iu khin thit b
S
M iu khin
ngn
M iu khin
kim tra
iu khin m/ tt
tt c thit b
S
iu khin m/ tt
tng thit b
Kim tra
thit b
Kim tra
thit b
Kt thc
Hnh 3.12 Lu thut ton chng trnh iu khin cc thit b
36
an h thng nhung
2.3 M ngun chng trnh iu khin

// chng trnh nhn v gi tin nhn
#include <16F877A.h>
#include <string.h>
//#device adc=8
#FUSES NOWDT
#FUSES HS
//No Watch Dog Timer

//High speed Osc (> 4mhz for PCM/PCH) (>10mhz for PCD)
#FUSES NOPUT
//No Power Up Timer
#FUSES NOPROTECT
//Code not protected from reading
#FUSES NODEBUG
//No Debug mode for ICD
#FUSES NOBROWNOUT
#FUSES NOLVP
used for I/O
//No brownout reset

//No low voltage prgming, B3(PIC16) or B5(PIC18)
#FUSES NOCPD
//No EE protection
#FUSES NOWRT
//Program memory not write protected
#use delay(clock=12000000)
#use rs232(baud=9600,parity=N,xmit=PIN_C6,rcv=PIN_C7,bits=8)
#byte trisc= 0x87
char rxd[20],rx;
void sms_hi_temp(void);
char phonelist[3][13]={"+84982701248",
"+94XXXXXXXX",
"+94XXXXXXXX"};
void initz(){
set_tris_b(0xFF);
bit_clear(trisc,0);
37
an h thng nhung
bit_clear(trisc,1);
setup_psp(PSP_DISABLED);
enable_interrupts(GLOBAL);
}
void init_gsm(){
printf("AT");
delay_ms(500);
printf("\r");
delay_ms(500);
printf("AT");
delay_ms(500);
printf("\r");
delay_ms(500);
printf("AT");
delay_ms(500);
printf("\r");
/*
printf("AT+CMEE=1\r");
delay_ms(1000);
printf("AT+CPMS=");
putc('"');
printf("SM");
putc('"');
putc(',');
putc('"');
printf("SM");
putc('"');
38
an h thng nhung
putc(',');
putc('"');
printf("SM");
putc('"');
printf("\r");
delay_ms(1000);
*/
}
void main(){
initz();
output_high(pin_b0);
output_high(pin_b1);
delay_ms(1000);
output_low(pin_b0);
output_low(pin_b1);
init_gsm();
sms_hi_temp();
while(true){
}
}
#int_RDA
void RDA_isr(void)
{
gets(rxd);
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void sms_hi_temp(){
39
an h thng nhung
/*
int l=0,i;
printf("AT+CMGS=");
// putc('"');
for(i=0;i<13;i++){
putc(phonelist[l][i]);
}
// putc('"');
putc(13);
delay_ms(2000);
printf("High TEMP");
putc(26); //send the msg
*/
printf("AT+CMGF=1"); // just this enough
delay_ms(500);
printf("\r");
delay_ms(500);
printf("AT+CSCS=GSM");
delay_ms(500);
printf("\r");
delay_ms(500);
printf("AT+CMGS=\"0982701248\"");
delay_ms(200);
printf("\r");
delay_ms(500);
putc(26);printf("HIGH TEMP");
//delay_send the msg
40
an h thng nhung
delay_ms(2000);
} /*
printf("AT+CMGF=1\r\n"); // just this enough
delay_ms(10);
printf("AT+CMGS=\"+94XXXXXXXXXX\"\r\n");
delay_ms(10);
printf("HIGH TEMP\r\n%c",26);
delay_ms(2000);
*/
41
an h thng nhung

TAI LIU THAM KHAO
[1] an in khin t xa bng tin nhn SMS tac gia Trn Vn Cu va Vo Vn

Tai
[2] Gii thiu M590 Neoway GSM GPRS Module
http://vn-et.com
[ 3] Tai liu Vi iu Khin PIC16F877A tac gia Nguyn Vn Tinh.

[ 4] 16F87xA Data sheet
www.microchip.com
[5] Mt s trang web tham kho khc:

http://4tech.com.vn
http://www.dientuvietnam.net
http://www.picvietnam.com
http://www.scribd.com
42

BÁO CÁO ĐỒ ÁN HOÀN CHỈNH

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BÁO CÁO ĐỒ ÁN HOÀN CHỈNH

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an h thng nhung

Thit k mach iu khin thit bi thng qua in thoai

NHN XET CUA GIAO VIN HNG DN

NHN XET CUA GIAO VIN CHM

GVHD: Ths. Nguyn Tun Linh

Thit k mach iu khin thit bi thng qua in thoai

GVHD: Ths. Nguyn Tun Linh

Thit k mach iu khin thit bi thng qua in thoai

GVHD: Ths. Nguyn Tun Linh

Thit k mach iu khin thit bi thng qua in thoai

GVHD: Ths. Nguyn Tun Linh

Thit k mach iu khin thit bi thng qua in thoai

CHNG I : PHN TICH H THNG

GVHD: Ths. Nguyn Tun Linh

Thit k mach iu khin thit bi thng qua in thoai

GVHD: Ths. Nguyn Tun Linh

Thit k mach iu khin thit bi thng qua in thoai

Phng n 1 : Dng b MODULE GSM/GPRS M590 kt ni vi vi iu khin

GVHD: Ths. Nguyn Tun Linh

Thit k mach iu khin thit bi thng qua in thoai

1.1. S tng quat h thng

Khi Giao Tip

dch v v cng cn phi c chc nng nh mt in thoi di ng kt ni vi vi iu

Thit k mach iu khin thit bi thng qua in thoai

Khi ngi s dng nhn mt tin SMS c ni dung l mt lnh yu cu iu khin

Hinh 2.2 S callgraph cua h thng

GVHD: Ths. Nguyn Tun Linh

Thit k mach iu khin thit bi thng qua in thoai

Hnh 2.3 S c t h thng

Modul GSM/GPRS, tp lnh AT command

Mach iu khin dung PIC16F877A

Giao tip gia mach iu khin va modul qua cng COM.

Cach ly quang OPTO 817 c dung bao v cho PIC

iu khin ong m cac thit bi dung Rle 12V/10A.

Ngoai ra con cac linh kin khac nh LM7805 ( bin i v n nh in p ngun

GVHD: Ths. Nguyn Tun Linh

Thit k mach iu khin thit bi thng qua in thoai

28x24x11 ( di x rng x cao )

EGSM900 nhm 4 (2W)

DCS1800 nhm 1 ( 1W)

3.3V 4.8 VDC

Tng thch vi GSM/GPRS pha 2/2+

GVHD: Ths. Nguyn Tun Linh

Thit k mach iu khin thit bi thng qua in thoai

Knh chuyn mch

H tr dch v d liu CSD

2.1.1.3. Hnh dng chi tit v sn phm

Hnh 2.4 : Chi tit v sn phm

Cng kt ni d liu connector DB9

Connector c s dng kt ni ti thit b iu khin, giao thc chuyn i

GVHD: Ths. Nguyn Tun Linh

Thit k mach iu khin thit bi thng qua in thoai

Hnh 2.5 : S chn kt ni cng RS232

2.1.1.4. Trng thi ca Led

Cha c ngun cp, hoc ngun co

Tnh trng kt ni mng tt

Led khng sng

2.1.1.5 Hinh anh y u cua modul va antenna

GVHD: Ths. Nguyn Tun Linh

Thit k mach iu khin thit bi thng qua in thoai

Hinh 2.6 Hinh anh y u v modul GSM/GPRS M590

c,vit, xa tin nhn

Gi tin nhn SMS

Kim tra chiu di tn hiu