Bo co thc hnh K Thut Phn ng

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Nguyn Minh Tin

BO CO THC HNH K THUT PHN NG

Bi 1 : THI GIAN LU
I. C s l thuyt.
1.1Mc ch th nghim.
- Kho st thi gian lu ca h thng bnh khuy mc ni tip theo m hnh dy hp
- Xc nh hm phn b thi gian lu thc vi ph thi gian lu l thuyt
- Tm hiu cc cn ca m hnh dy hp v thng s thng k ca m hnh th nghim
1.2 Thi gian lu
Thi gian lu ca mt phn t trong h l thi gian phn t lu li trong bnh phn
ng hay trong thit b phn ng bt k cn kho st
Nhng phn t lu cht khc nhau s i nhng qung ng khc nhau trong thit b
v mt nhng khong thi gian khc nhau. Da trn cc hm phn b thi gian lu xc
nh, ta c th nh gi tng quan v dng chuyn ng trong thit b, cc nhc
im khi thit k nh vng chy t, chy tt, phn lp t m ta khc phc nhc
im ca thit b.
Da trn ph thi gian lu m ta c th vn hnh ti u v qua thit lp cc thng s,
phng php iu khin cng nh ti u ha trong thit b.
t t t
Thi gian thu gn
t V
l t s thi gian lu ca mt phn t bt k vi thi gian lu trung bnh ca ton h.
Vi: V: l th tch ca ton h phn ng
V: l lu lng ca dng lu cht vo thit b phn ng
1.3 Cc phng php nh du
o thi gian lu m trong thi gian mt phn t xc nh lu li trong mt h
dng chy, ngi ta phi phn bit n vi cc phn t khc bng cch nh du. Cc
phn t nh du phi c c im l khng c nh hng v khc bit vi cc phn
t to nn tng quan trong h.
Cc loi cht ch th nh du i vi mi trng lng c th l: dung dch mu, cc cht
phng x, cc ng v phng x n nh, cc ht rn pht sng
Cc loi cht ch th thch hp vi cc phn t trong h phi c , , D thch hp. khi cc
cht ch th thch hp ta c th n vo h theo hai kiu:

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Bo co thc hnh K Thut Phn ng

- Tn hiu ngu nhin

- Tn hiu xc nh: tn hiu tun hon v tn hiu khng tun hon.
kho cu thit b, ngi ta thng dng loi tn hiu xc nh khng tun hon, loi tn
hiu ny c th c to ra nh:
nh du bng va chm (tn hiu xung)
nh du bng cch cho nhp liu vo lin tc mt lng xc nh (tn hiu bc)
nh du bng cch cho nhp liu chim ch ton b trong h
Trong th nghim ny ta s dng loi nh du bng va chm (xung)
Loi nh du ny thng thch hp cho cc cht ch th l cc cht mu.
Ta c th biu din hm phn b mt xc sut thi gian lu:
f (t) =

C Ira (t )
C Ira
=
C I* (t )
C Ivao

1.4 Bnh phn ng l tng

Bnh khuy l tng: Bnh khuy l tng c tnh cht l qu trnh khuy trn l hon
ton. Do hn hp phn ng ng nht trong tt c cc phn ca thit b v ging vi
dng ra. iu ny c ngha l phn t th tch trong cc phng trnh lin quan c th
c ly l th tch V ca ton thit b phn ng.
Bnh ng l tng: Bnh ng l tng c tnh cht ca dng chy theo phng dc trc
( t u vo n u ra) ch do qu trnh phn ng. Cc im trn cng mt tit din
vung gc vi phng dc trc u c cng mt tnh cht.
M hnh dy hp: Khi ni cc bnh khuy trn l tng li vi nhau ta c m hnh dy
hp. Tng qut, vi m hnh dy hp n bnh mc ni tip , ta c hm phn b thi gian
lu l thuyt nh sau:
Cn =

nn
( n 1) e ( n )
(n 1)!

Xc nh nng bng cch o mt quang:

T s C/Co c thay bng t s D/D0 nn ta ch cn o mt quang thay cho vic o
nng
C s l nh lut lambert- Beer:
D = .b.C k.C 2 lg(T %)
: h s hp thu mol (l/mol.cm)
b: chiu dy cuvert cha mu (cm)
C: nng mu (mol/l)
K: h s t l
T: truyn sut (%)
II. Tin hnh th nghim
2.1 Nguyn tc
-

Thit lp h thng bnh khuy trng thi ha ng n nh

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Bo co thc hnh K Thut Phn ng

Xc nh thi gian lu theo phng php nh du va chm. cht ch th l cht

mu c cho vo h thng ti thi im t = 0 ( ng vi nng C0) mu c ly
ra ti cc thi im xc nh t ( ng vi Ci )

Dung dch mu c cho vo bnh th 1 v ly ra t bnh cui cng.

Nng C c thay bng mt quang D, mt quang c o bng my o

truyn sut nh sng (T) c = 490 nm. T s C/Co c thay bng t s D/D0

2.2 Tin hnh

-

Bm t bn cha ln bn cao v cho n khi c nc trong ng chy trn

Xc nh D0 h 1 bnh:
Cho nc vo bnh khuy cho n khi c nc chy trn t bnh 1 sang bnh 2. Khi
, ta kha van cp nc vo bnh khuy 1 v ng chy trn t bnh 1 sang bnh 2,
xc nh chiu cao mc cht lng trong bnh khuy 1 ( ho ) tng ng vi ng
knh bnh ( d= 120 mm). Dng pipet ht 5ml mc cho nhanh vo pha trn ca
bnh khuy ng thi m cnh khuy hot ng trong khong vi pht sau ly
khong 5 mu xc nh Do

Xc nh Di h 1 bnh:
M van cho nc vo h thng bnh khy vi lu lng 18 l/h ( kim tra li bng
phng php th tch) cho n khi c nc qua ng chy trn gia 2 bnh. Bt cng
tc cho cnh khuy hat ng dng van ni ng chy trn gia 2 bnh chnh lu
lng sao cho nc trong bnh khuy gi c nh ti h1, khi h hat ng n nh
(lu lng nc vo, ra khng i v bng nhau) ta dung pipet ht 5ml mc cho
nhanh vo pha trn ca bnh khuy ng thi dung th k xc nh mc thi gian
to=0 sau c 30 giy ly mu 1 ln xc nh Di. vic ly mu s kt thc khi
nc trong bnh ht mu v truyn sut T gn bng 100%.

Vi h 2, 3 bnh:
Cch lm tng t h 1 bnh, nhng mc cho vo bnh u tin v c ly ra
bnh cui cng, lu lng i vi cc h phi ging nhau, ng thi xc nh chiu
cao mc cht lng trong cc bnh khuy 1 ch thi nghim.

i vi my so mu: dung nc trng chun my. Cuvet cha mu phi sch v

kh ro, bn trong ng khng c c bt kh, phi trng li bng nc sch sau
mi ln cha mu. o khong 10 mu th dng mu trng chun li my nhm
trnh sai s.

2.3 Kt qu v tnh ton.

2.3.1 Xc nh D0
h0= 105 mm

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Bo co thc hnh K Thut Phn ng

S ln

85.3

85.6

85.8

85.7

85.4

85.5

85.5

T0 = Tmin = 85.3 %
D0= 2 lg (T) = 2- lg 85.3 = 0.069051
2.3.2 H 1 bnh lin tc.
h1 = 105 mm
d= 120 mm
D0= 0.069051
= 15 lit/h
Thi gian lu trung bnh:

a)
-

Thc nghim:

L thuyt:

Trong
Vy
Tnh thi gian rt gn:

b)
-

Thc nghim

vi i = 1k

Vi t1 = 30

L thuyt :

t1 = 30
c) Hm p ng:

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Bo co thc hnh K Thut Phn ng

Thc nghim:

D
nn
Cni ( ) LT
( n 1)e( n )
D0
(n 1)!

L thuyt:

Mt quang:

Vi cch tinh nh trn ta co bng s liu:

s
ln
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23

t(s)

T(%)

(D/Do)TN

TN

LT

(D/Do)LT

30
60
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
360
390
420
450
480
510
540
570
600
630
660
690

88
89
91.2
91.5
92.9
93.4
93.4
94.6
95
95.2
95.8
96.3
96.6
97.2
97.4
97.7
97.8
98.1
98.3
98.3
98.9
99.1
100

0.055517328
0.050609993
0.040005162
0.038578906
0.031984286
0.029653124
0.029653124
0.024108864
0.022276395
0.021363052
0.018634491
0.016373713
0.015022874
0.012333735
0.011441043
0.010105436
0.009661145
0.008330993
0.007446482
0.007446482
0.004803708
0.003926346
0

0.80400469
0.732936429
0.579356732
0.558701625
0.463198013
0.429438006
0.429438006
0.349145756
0.322607851
0.309380771
0.26986562
0.23712492
0.217561999
0.178617762
0.165689753
0.146347428
0.139913183
0.120649848
0.107840323
0.107840323
0.069567543
0.05686153
0

0.134924322
0.269848644
0.404772966
0.539697288
0.67462161
0.809545932
0.944470254
1.079394576
1.214318898
1.34924322
1.484167542
1.619091864
1.754016185
1.888940507
2.023864829
2.158789151
2.293713473
2.428637795
2.563562117
2.698486439
2.833410761
2.968335083
3.103259405

0.105263158
0.210526316
0.315789474
0.421052632
0.526315789
0.631578947
0.736842105
0.842105263
0.947368421
1.052631579
1.157894737
1.263157895
1.368421053
1.473684211
1.578947368
1.684210526
1.789473684
1.894736842
2
2.105263158
2.210526316
2.315789474
2.421052632

0.900087626
0.810157735
0.729212953
0.656355555
0.590777514
0.53175153
0.478622973
0.430802615
0.387760103
0.349018071
0.314146847
0.28275969
0.254508498
0.22907995
0.206192028
0.185590893
0.167048067
0.150357898
0.135335283
0.121813614
0.109642927
0.098688241
0.088828065

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Bo co thc hnh K Thut Phn ng

th biu din (D/D0)TN v (D/D0) LT theo :

H 1 bnh lin tc
D/D0
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6

thc nghim

0.5

l thuyt

0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0

2.3.3. H 2 bnh lin tc

Vi cch tnh nh h 1 bnh lin tc vi
h2= h3= 105mm
d= 120 mm
V= 2,375 lit

= 15 lt/h
D0(2)=D0 / 2= 0.0345255
Ta c bng s liu :
s ln
1
2

t(s)
30
60

T(%)
100
97.5

D
(D/Do)TN
TN
LT
0
0
0.024163515 0.052631579
0.010995384 0.318471399 0.048327031 0.105263158

(D/Do)LT
0.189492132
0.341119046

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Bo co thc hnh K Thut Phn ng

3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43

90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
360
390
420
450
480
510
540
570
600
630
660
690
720
750
780
810
840
870
900
930
960
990
1020
1050
1080
1110
1140
1170
1200
1230
1260
1290

97
96.1
95.7
94.8
93.8
93.8
93.8
93.6
94
93.5
93.3
92.9
92.9
93.1
93.1
93.1
93.4
93.4
93.7
93.9
93.9
94.4
94.6
94.8
95
95
95.1
95.2
95.6
95.8
96.1
96.2
96.3
96.5
96.6
96.8
97.3
97.5
97.5
97.5
97.8

0.013228266
0.017276612
0.019088062
0.023191663
0.027797162
0.027797162
0.027797162
0.028724151
0.026872146
0.029188389
0.030118356
0.031984286
0.031984286
0.031050319
0.031050319
0.031050319
0.029653124
0.029653124
0.028260409
0.027334408
0.027334408
0.025028006
0.024108864
0.023191663
0.022276395
0.022276395
0.021819483
0.021363052
0.019542108
0.018634491
0.017276612
0.016824928
0.016373713
0.015472687
0.015022874
0.014124643
0.01188716
0.010995384
0.010995384
0.010995384
0.009661145

0.383144798
0.50040151
0.552868524
0.671725613
0.805119741
0.805119741
0.805119741
0.831969161
0.778327509
0.845415392
0.872351052
0.926396026
0.926396026
0.899344514
0.899344514
0.899344514
0.858876013
0.858876013
0.818537287
0.791716492
0.791716492
0.724913635
0.698291512
0.671725613
0.645215702
0.645215702
0.631981668
0.618761542
0.566019543
0.53973124
0.50040151
0.487318879
0.474249841
0.448152428
0.435123998
0.409107549
0.344300871
0.318471399
0.318471399
0.318471399
0.279826366

0.072490546
0.096654062
0.120817577
0.144981093
0.169144608
0.193308124
0.217471639
0.241635155
0.26579867
0.289962186
0.314125701
0.338289217
0.362452732
0.386616248
0.410779763
0.434943279
0.459106794
0.48327031
0.507433825
0.531597341
0.555760856
0.579924372
0.604087887
0.628251403
0.652414918
0.676578434
0.700741949
0.724905465
0.74906898
0.773232496
0.797396011
0.821559527
0.845723042
0.869886558
0.894050073
0.918213589
0.942377104
0.96654062
0.990704135
1.014867651
1.039031166

0.157894737
0.210526316
0.263157895
0.315789474
0.368421053
0.421052632
0.473684211
0.526315789
0.578947368
0.631578947
0.684210526
0.736842105
0.789473684
0.842105263
0.894736842
0.947368421
1
1.052631579
1.105263158
1.157894737
1.210526316
1.263157895
1.315789474
1.368421053
1.421052632
1.473684211
1.526315789
1.578947368
1.631578947
1.684210526
1.736842105
1.789473684
1.842105263
1.894736842
1.947368421
2
2.052631579
2.105263158
2.157894737
2.210526316
2.263157895

0.460555549
0.552720468
0.621871067
0.671686143
0.705339117
0.725562299
0.734703354
0.734774886
0.727497961
0.714340269
0.696549573
0.67518301
0.651132721
0.625148272
0.597856238
0.569777297
0.541341133
0.512899427
0.484737149
0.457082382
0.430114841
0.403973266
0.37876181
0.354555571
0.331405355
0.30934178
0.288378805
0.268516753
0.249744893
0.232043652
0.215386483
0.199741457
0.185072603
0.171341033
0.158505887
0.146525111
0.135356109
0.124956265
0.115283378
0.106295999
0.097953707

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Bo co thc hnh K Thut Phn ng

44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59

1320
1350
1380
1410
1440
1470
1500
1530
1560
1590
1620
1650
1680
1710
1740
1770

97.8
97.8
98
98.2
98.2
98.4
98.5
98.7
99
99.2
99.3
99.3
99.6
99.7
99.7
100

0.009661145
0.009661145
0.008773924
0.007888512
0.007888512
0.007004902
0.00656377
0.005682847
0.004364805
0.003488328
0.003050752
0.003050752
0.001740662
0.001304842
0.001304842
0

0.279826366
0.279826366
0.254128812
0.228483649
0.228483649
0.202890663
0.19011367
0.164598553
0.126422656
0.101036273
0.088362269
0.088362269
0.050416694
0.037793564
0.037793564
0

1.063194682
1.087358197
1.111521713
1.135685228
1.159848744
1.184012259
1.208175775
1.23233929
1.256502806
1.280666321
1.304829837
1.328993352
1.353156868
1.377320383
1.401483899
1.425647414

2.315789474
2.368421053
2.421052632
2.473684211
2.526315789
2.578947368
2.631578947
2.684210526
2.736842105
2.789473684
2.842105263
2.894736842
2.947368421
3
3.052631579
3.105263158

0.090217313
0.083049021
0.076412538
0.070273154
0.064597783
0.059354992
0.054514993
0.050049636
0.045932373
0.042138222
0.038643716
0.035426855
0.032467043
0.029745026
0.027242834
0.024943713

th biu din (D/D0)TN v (D/D0) LT theo :

H 2 bnh lin tc

D/Do
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6

thc nghim

0.5

l thuyt

0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1

0
0

0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

Page 8