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PHNG PHP GII BI TP LIN KT GEN V HON V GEN

ng 06:33 01-12-2011 bi Thuong Vo [ cp nht 07:33 01-12-2011 ] II. PHNG PHP GII BI TP QUY LUT HON V GEN (Mi gen quy
nh mt tnh trng thng)

Dng 3A: BIN LUN V VIT S LAI F1 N F2. D kin bi cho: - Cho KH ca P. - T l phn tnh kiu hnh th h lai. A. Cch gii chung: Bc 1. Bin lun xc nh tnh trng tri ln, v qui lut di truyn chi phi s di truyn ca hai cp tnh trng - Da vo nh lut ng tnh, phn tnh ca G. Mendel xc nh tnh trng tri ln - Nu th h lai xut hin 4 loi KH phn tnh 9:3:3:1 (hay 1:1:1:1 trong lai phn tch) th s di truyn chi phi tun theo qui lut di truyn hon v gen Bc 2. Xc nh tn s hon v gen t suy ra KG ca P v tn s hon v gen: Dng phng php phn tch giao t xc nh tn s HVG (p) - T t l phn tnh th h lai (thng cn c vo t l % KH mang hai tnh trng ln) t l giao t lin kt (hoc t l giao t hon v) KG ca c th em lai Bc 3: Lp s lai B. Bi tp minh ha: 1.Trng hp HVG xy ra mt bn b hoc m Bi 1: Khi cho giao phn gia hai cy cng loi, ngi ta thu c F1 c t l phn ly sau: 70% cy cao, qu trn; 20% cy thp, qu bu dc; 5% cy cao, qu bu dc; 5% cy thp, qu trn. Bin lun v vit s lai t P n F1 2.Trng hp HVG xy ra hai bn b v m Bi 2: Cho nhng cy c chua F1 c cng KG vi KH cy cao, qu t th phn. F2 thu c t l phn tnh kiu hnh: 50,16% cao, : 24,84% cao, vng : 24,84% thp, : 0,16% thp, vng. Bin lun v vit s

lai t F1 n F2 C. Hng dn gii: Bi 1: Bc 1. - Bin lun: + Phn tch t l phn tnh KH ca tng cp tnh trng ring r + Tnh trng chiu cao: cy cao : cy thp = 3 cao : 1 thp (ph hp vi L phn tnh Menen) cy cao (A) tri hon ton so vi cy thp (a) v P: Aa x Aa (1) + Tnh trng dng qu: qu trn : qu bu dc = 3 qu trn : 1 qu bu dc (ph hp L phn tnh Menen) qu trn (B) tri hon ton so vi qu bu dc (b) v P: Bb x Bb (2) . T (1) v (2) P (Aa,Bb) x (Aa,Bb) * Phn tch t l phn tnh KH ca ng thi hai cp tnh trng: cao, trn : cao, bu dc : thp, trn : thp, bu dc = 70%: 5%: 5%: 20% 9:3:3:1 hai cp tnh trng di truyn theo qui lut hon v gen Bc 2: F1 cy thp, bu dc (ab / ab) = 20% = 40% ab x 50% ab + 1 cy P cho giao t AB = ab = 40% Ab = aB = 10% < 25% l giao t HVG KG ca P (AB / ab) xy ra hon v gen vi tn s p = 20% + 1 cy P AB = ab = 50% KG P: (AB / ab) => DT lin kt gen Bc 3: Lp s lai Bi 2: Bc1: - Bin lun: + F2 xut hin tnh trng cy thp, qu vng F1 khng thun chng c kiu gen d hp hai cp gen. Vy cy cao, qu biu hin trong kiu gen d hp l tnh trng tri Qui c: A qui nh cy cao ; a qui nh cy thp B qui nh qu ; b qui nh qu vng F1 (Aa, Bb) x F1 (Aa, Bb) + T l phn tnh kiu hnh F2: 50,16% : 28,84% : 28,84% : 0,16% 9 : 3: 3:1 1: 2: 1 nn

s di truyn ca hai cp tnh trng tun theo qui lut di truyn hon v gen Bc 2: - F2 cy thp, vng (ab / ab) = 0,16% = 4% ab x 4% ab Hon v gen xy ra c hai bn b m F1 em lai - AB = ab = 4% < 25% l giao t HVG - Ab = aB = 46% > 25% l giao t bnh thng KG ca F1 l (Ab / aB) v tn

s HVG: p =

2 x 4% = 8%
Bc 3: Lp s lai Dng 3B: BIN LUN V VIT S LAI T P N F2 D kin bi cho: - KH ca P v cho bit trc KG ca F1 hoc khng cho bit trc KH ca P v kiu gen cu F1 - T l % 1 loi KH th h con lai F2 nhng khng phi l mang c hai tnh trng ln (aabb), m thng mang mt tnh trng tri v mt tnh trng ln (A-bb hoc aaB-) A. Cch gii chung: Bc 1. -Bin lun xc nh tnh trng tri, ln v xc nh qui lut di truyn chi phi hai cp tnh trng (thc hin tng t nh bc 1 ca dng 3A) Bc 2. - Xc nh tn s HVG KG ca F1 KG ca P: Dng phng php lp phng trnh xc nh tn s HVG (p) Gi t l giao t ca F1 AB = ab = x Ab = aB = y x + y = 0,5 (1) + Da vo t l KH mang 1 tnh trng tri, 1 tnh trng ln (A-bb; aaB-) = a% lp phng trnh y2 + 2xy = a% (2) ri gii h phng trnh (1) & (2) chn n ph hp t suy ra tn s HVG v kiu gen ca P v F1 Bc 3. - Lp s lai: B. Bi tp minh ha: 1.Trng hp 1: cho bit KH ca P v bit trc KG ca F1

Bi 1: Khi lai th la thn cao, ht go trong vi th la thn thp, ht c. F1 thu c ton cy thn cao, ht go c. Cho cc cy F1 t th vi nhau F2 thu c 15600 cy bao gm 4 kiu hnh, trong c 3744 cy thn cao, ht trong. (Bit rng mi tnh trng do mt gen tc ng ring r quy nh). Bin lun v vit s lai t P n F2 2.Trng hp 2: cha cho bit KH ca P v cha bit c KG ca F1 Bi 2: em giao phi gia b m u thun chng khc nhau v hai cp gen tng phn thu c F1 ng lot cy cao, chn sm. F2 c 4 kiu hnh trong kiu hnh cy cao, chn mun chim 12,75%. Bin lun v vit s lai t P n F2 C. Hng dn gii: Bi 1: Bc 1. - Bin lun: - P thun chng hai cp tnh trng em lai F1 ng tnh trng thn cao, ht go c (ph hp vi quy lut phn li ca Menen) tnh trng thn cao (A) l tri hon ton so vi thn thp (a); ht go c (B) l tri hon ton so vi ht go trong (b) v kiu gen F1 (Aa, Bb) - T l cy cao, ht trong (A-bb) F2 = (3744/1560) x 100% = 24% 18,75% 25% qui lut di truyn chi phi hai cp tnh trng l qui lut di truyn hon v gen KG P: (Ab / Ab) x (aB / aB) KG F1 : (Ab / aB) Bc 2 : Gi t l giao t ca F1 AB = ab = x Ab = aB = y Ta c : y2 + 2xy = 0,24 (1) x + y = 1/2 (2) Gii h phng trnh (1) & (2) ta c x = 0,1 ; y = 0,4 tn s HVG: p = 2x = 0,2 Bc 3. Lp s lai t P n F2. Bi 2: Bc 1: - P thun chng hai cp tnh trng tng phn em lai, F1 ng lot cy cao, chn sm cao, sm tri so vi thp mun (theo quy lut phn li ca Melen) + Quy c A: cao a: thp

B: chn sm

b: chn mun

+ F1 c kiu gen d hp hai cp gen (Aa,Bb) - T l phn tnh kiu hnh F2 : cy cao, chn mun (A-bb) = 12,75% 3/16 s di truyn hai cp tnh trng theo quy lut hon v gen Bc 2: - Gi t l giao t ca F1 AB = ab = x Ab = aB = y Ta c : y2 + 2xy = 0,1275 (1) x + y = 1/2 (2) gii h phng trnh (1) & (2) ta c + x = 0,35 > 0,25 (giao t lin kt) ; + y = 0,15 < 0,25 (giao t hon v gen) + Suy ra kiu gen F1 l (AB / ab) v tn s HVG (p) = 0,15 x 2 = 0,3 + Kiu gen ca P : (AB / AB) x (ab / ab) Bc 3: Lp s lai t P n F2.

BI TP LIN KT GEN V HON V GEN


ng 18:56 29-11-2010 bi Nguyn Minh Tun THPT L Qu n HP [ cp nht 22:46 09-12-2011 bi Thuong Vo ]
Bi tp 1: c chua, A quy nh cy cao, a quy nh cy thp; B quy nh qu trn, b quy nh qa bu; D quy nh chm sm, d quy nh chm mun .Trong qu trnh di truyn , cc gen nm trn cng mt cp NST, lin kt gen hon ton. Xc nh t l phn li kiu gen, t l phn li kiu hnh cc php lai sau: 1. 2. P1 : P2 : (AB / ab) (AbD / aBd) x x (AB / ab) (AbD / aBd)

3.

P3 :

(Aa, BD / bd)

(Aa, BD / bd)

Bi tp 2: ng , A Cy cao, a cy thp , , B qu di , b qu ngn ; D qu ht trng,d qu ht vng. Qu trnh gim phn xy ra hon v vi tn s 20%. Xc inh kt qu cc

php lai:
1. P1: (AB / ab) x x x x (ab / ab) (Ab / ab) (AB / ab)3. (ab / ab)

2. P2: (Ab / aB) 3. P3: (AB / ab) P4: (Ad /aD , Bb)

Bi tp 3: Khi cho giao phn gia hai cy cng loi, ngi ta thu c F1 c t l phn ly sau: 70% cy cao, qu trn; 20% cy thp, qu bu dc; 5% cy cao, qu bu dc; 5% cy thp, qu trn. Bin lun v vit s lai t P n F1 Bi tp 4: Cho nhng cy c chua F1 c cng KG vi KH cy cao, qu t th phn. F2 thu c t l phn tnh kiu hnh: 50,16% cao, : 24,84% cao, vng : 24,84% thp, : 0,16% thp, vng. Bin lun v vit s lai t F1 n F2 Bi tp 5: Khi lai th la thn cao, ht go trong vi th la thn thp, ht c. F1 thu c ton cy thn cao, ht go c. Cho cc cy F1 t th vi nhau F2 thu c 15600 cy bao gm 4 kiu hnh, trong c 3744 cy thn cao, ht trong. (Bit rng mi tnh trng do mt gen tc ng ring r quy nh). Bin lun v vit s lai t P n F2 Bi tp 6: em giao phi gia b m u thun chng khc nhau v hai cp gen tng phn thu c F1 ng lot cy cao, chn sm. F2 c 4 kiu hnh trong kiu hnh cy cao, chn mun chim 12,75%. Bin lun v vit s lai t P n F2

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