thoi trn mng IP (voice over IP - VOIP)

(Nhm nghin cu: Voice Over IP Hng dn: ThS. Nguyn T ng Thc hin : Kim Thanh Tng -Lng Ngc Tun T2-K41)

Truyn thng trn cc mng chuyn mch gi nh IP, ATM, v Frame Relay tr thnh chin lc c a chung cho c cc cng ty ln cc nh hoch nh mng cng cng. Chnh v th, ngy cng nhiu cng ty nhn thy gi tr ca vic truyn voice trn mng IP gim gi cc in thoi v gi cc fax ng thi t nn cho cc ng dng multimedia nng cao. Cung cp dch v thoi cht lng cao trn mng IP l mt bc i bn l cho s hp nht thoi, fax, video, v cc dch v vin thng khc. H tr giao tip thoi s dng giao thc Internet (IP), hay VoIP, tr nn rt hp dn v n cung cp mt gi cc thp, ng hng. Thc t, gi cc cuc gi trn IP ang tr thnh mt trong nhng yu t bn l dn ti s hp nht ca cng ngh truyn thng thoi, video v d liu. S kh thi trong vic truyn thoi v cc tn hiu cuc gi trn mng Internet c chng thc nhng vic mang li cc sn phm cht lng cao, thit lp cc dch v cng cng, cng nh thuyt phc ngi s dng dng chng th mi ch bt u. VoIP c th c nh ngha l kh nng gi in thoi v gi FAX trn mng d liu nn IP vi mt cht lng dch v (QoS) ph hp v mt gi cc r hn. Cc nh sn xut thit b nhn thy VoIP mt c hi mi i mi v cnh tranh. S thch thc vi h l bin kh nng ny tr thnh hin thc bng cch pht trin cc thit b h tr VoIP. Vi cc ISP, kh nng gii thiu dch v mi ng thi tng cng hiu sut s dng ng truyn l rt hp dn. Vi ngi s dng, h s c hng li t cc ng dng kt hp thoi/d liu cng nh cc li ch kinh t.

Chuyn mch quang dng cch t phn x Bragg Chuyn mch quang dng giao thoa k mch Zender Gii thiu ngn ng m phng phn cng VHDL Nguyn l ca k thut OFDM Thoi trn mng IP (Voice over IP- VOIP)

Khuch i quang si pha tp Pr (PDFA), Nd (NDFA) cho bc sng 1300nm s ng dng v li ch ca VoIP dng trong thng tin quang VoIP c th c p dng cho gn nh mi yu cu ca giao tip thoi, v kh nng t mt cuc m thoi n gin cho n mt cuc hi ngh nhiu ng dng ngi s dng phc tp. Cht lng m thanh c truyn cng c th bin i tu theo ng dng. Nghin cu s dng my tnh Ta c th xem xt mt s v d v ng dng caVoIP: c nhn lm thit b cui ATM Cng PSTN (gate way): S lin kt ca mng Internet vi PSTN c th c hon thnh nh gateway, hoc kh nng ny c tch hp vo mt PBX (tr thnh iPBX) hoc c cung cp nh mt thit b Phn mm c lp. m phng in thoi truy nhp Internet: in thoi thng thng (c nh hoc di ng) c th c b sung phc v nh mt thit b truy vui khoa hc nhp Internet trong khi vn cung cp tnh nng thoi thng thng. Dch v danh b, chng hn, c th c truy nhp qua Internet

PTOLEMY

bng cch gi i tn h ca mt ngi v nhn v s in thoi ca ngi di dang m thanh hoc ch s. Trung k lin vn phng trn mng intranet: S thay th cc ng trung k gia cc PBX ca cc cng ty s dng lin kt Intranet s gip tng cng quy m v hp nht cc phng tin mng. Truy nhp t xa t mt chi nhnh (hoc t nh ring): Mt vn phng nh t xa c th truy nhp cc dch v thoi, d liu, v fax ca cng ty s dng mng Intranet ca cng ty . iu ny cng c th hu ch cho cc nhn vin ti nh lm vic ti mt trung tm tr li in thoi chng hn. Gi in t mt my tnh qua mng Internet: C th gi in s dng mt my tnh c microphone ni mng Internet. iu ny rt thun li cho vic gi v nhn cc thng ip thoi t my tnh xch tay. Truy nhp cc trung tm tr li in thoi: Truy nhp ti cc trung tm phc v khch hng qua Internet s thc y mnh m ng dng thng mi in t. Dch v ny s cho php mt khch hng c cu hi v mt sn phm c cho hng qua Internet c cc nhn vin ca cng ty hng dn trc tuyn. Mt ng dng trc mt ca VoIP l truyn FAX thi gian thc. thao tc trn mng chuyn mch gi, mt n v giao din FAX phi chuyn i d liu thnh dng gi, x l chuyn i tn hiu v iu khin giao thc (cc chun T.30 v T.4), v m bo hon thnh vic chuyn cc d liu qut theo ng th t. Vi ng dng ny, s mt gi v tr u cui nghim trng hn trong ng dng thoi. Phn ln cc ng dng VoIP s l cc hot ng thi gian thc. Tuy nhin, cc dch v thoi lu r truyn cng c thi hnh bng cch s dng VoIP. Chng hn, cc thng ip thoi c th c chun b t mt my in thoi v c chuyn ti mt hp th thoi/d liu tch hp dng dch v Internet hay Intranet. Cng ngh VoIP c bn li ch ch yu: Gim chi ph. Mt gi cc chung c th thc hin c vi mng Internet v do tit kim ng k cho dch v thoi v FAX. Ngi ta c tnh c khon 70% cc cuc gi n chu l gi FAX, phn ln trong s c th c thay bi FoIP. S chia s chi ph thit b v thao tc gia nhng ngi s dng thoi v d liu cng tng cng hiu qu ca mng bi l s d tha bng tn trn mng ca ngi ny c th c s dng bi mt ngi khc, do mang li hiu qu cao hn. n gin ho. Mt c s h tng tch hp h tr tt c cc hnh thc thng tin cho php chun ho tt hn v gim tng s thit b. C s h tng kt hp ny c th h tr

vic ti u ho bng tn ng thng nht. V con ngi l nhn t quan trng nhng cng d sai lm nht trong mt mng vin thng, mi c hi hp nht cc thao tc, loi b cc im sai st, v thng nht cc h thng thanh ton s rt c ch. Trong cc t chc kinh doanh, s qun l trn c s SNMP c th c cung cp cho c dch v thoi v d liu s dng VoIP. Vic s dng thng nht giao thc IP cho tt c cc ng dng ha hn gim bt phc tp v tng cng tnh mm do. Cc phng tin lin quan nh dch v danh b v dch v an ninh c th c chia s d dng hn. Nng cao cc ng dng. Thoi v fax ch l cc ng dng khi u cho VoIP, cc li ch trong thi gian di hn c mong i t cc ng dng multimedia v a dch v. Chng hn, cc gii php thng mi Internet c th kt hp truy nhp WWW vi vic truy nhp trc tip ti mt nhn vin h tr khch hng. Thoi cng l mt l mt phn cn bn ca h thng hi tho t xa bao gm cc mn hnh dng chung, bng ... Hp nht cc c tnh thoi v d liu trong mt ng dng mi s cung cp nhng li ch r rt trong tng lai.

Yu cu pht trin ca cc sn phm VoIP Mc tiu cho cc nh pht trin kh n gin: b sung kh nng gi in thoi (c truyn thoi ln bo hiu) cho cc mng nn IP v kt ni chng vi mng in thoi cng cng cng nh cc mng thoi c nhn duy tr cc chun thoi hin thi cng nh cc c tnh m mi ngi mong i mt my in thoi. Thch thc cho cc nh pht trin sn phm pht sinh trong 5 khu vc: Cht lng thoi phi tng ng vi PSTN, bt chp cc mng c cc cp QoS khc nhau. Mng IP phi t c nhng ch tiu cn thit bao gm gim thiu cc cuc gi b t chi, s tr trn mng, mt gi, v t lin kt. iu ny c i hi ngay trong c tnh trng tc nghn hay khi nhiu ngi s dng phi chia s cc ti nguyn mng. iu khin cuc gi (bo hiu) phi lm cho qu trnh gi tr nn trong sut khin ngi gi khng cn bit k thut no c s dng thc hin dch v. Lin kt dch v PSTN/VoIP bao gm cc gateway gia cc mi trng mng thoi v d liu. Qun l h thng, an ton, a ch ho v thanh ton phi c cung cp, tt nht l c hp nht vi cc h thng h tr hot ng PSTN (OSS).

Cuc chy ua to ra cc sn phm VoIP ph hp vi mt di rng cc cu hnh ca ngi s dng mi ch bt u. Cc chun phi c thng qua v thc thi, cc gateway cung cp giao din IP v PSTN dung lng cao phi c trin khai, cc mng sn c cn c h tr

QoS v cc dch v cng cng ton cu cn c thit lp. Cc nhn t nh hng n cht lng thoi Cht lng ca m thanh c khi phc qua mng in thoi l mc tiu c bn ca dch v, mc d cc ch tiu chun c ITU pht trin. C 3 nhn t c th nh hng su sc ti cht lng ca dch v thoi: Tr: Hai vn gy ra bi s tr u cui trong mt mng thoi l ting vang v chng ting. Ting vang tr thnh vn khi tr vt qu 50 ms. y l mt vn cht lng ng k, nn cc h thng VoIP phi kim sot v cung cp cc phng tin loi b ting vang. Hin tng chng ting (ging ngi ny gi ln ging ngi kia) tr nn ng k nu tr mt chiu (one-way delay) ln hn 250 ms. S bin thin tr (Jitter ): Jitter l s bin thin thi gian tr gy nn bi s tr ng truyn khc nhau trn mng. Loi b jitter i hi thu thp cc gi v gi chng lu cho php cc gi chm nht n c pht li (play) ng th t, lm cho s tr tng ln. Mt gi: Mng IP khng th cung cp mt s bo m rng cc gi tin s c chuyn ti ch ht. Cc gi s b loi b khi qu ti v trong thi gian tc nghn. Truyn thoi rt nhy cm vi vic mt gi, tuy nhin, vic truyn li gi ca TCP thng khng ph hp. Cc cch tip cn c s dng b li cc gi mt l thm vo cuc ni chuyn bng cch pht (play) li gi cui cng, v gi i thng tin d. Tuy th, s tn tht gi trn 10% ni chung l khng chp nhn c.

S duy tr cht lng thoi chp nhn c bt chp s thay i trong hot ng ca mng (nh tc nghn hay mt kt ni) t c nh nhng k thut nh nn ting, trit im lng, v cc mng h tr QoS. Mt s s pht trin trong nhng nm 90, nht l trong x l tn hiu s, cc chuyn mch mng cht lng cao, v cc giao thc c s QoS, c phi hp h tr v khuyn khch cng ngh thoi trn mng d liu. Qu trnh tin x l bng phn mm ca cuc in m cng c th c s dng ti u ho cht lng m thanh. Mt k thut, c goi l trit im lng, s xc nh mi khi c mt khong trng trong li thoi v loi b s truyn cc khong ngh, hi th, v cc khong im lng khc. iu c th ln ti 50-60% thi gian ca mt cuc gi, gip tit kim bng tn ng k. Bi l s thiu cc gi c hiu l s im lng hon ton u ra, mt chc nng khc c yu cu u nhn b sung cc ting ng u ra.

Kt lun
Mng Internet cng giao thc TCP/IP tr thnh mt ng lc tt thc y cc cng ngh mi, v kh nng truyn thoi thi gian thc qua cc mng IP ch l mt trong nhng ng dng mi nht

ca cc cng ngh . C th ni, mng Internet a li mt c hi tt thc y vic kt hp hp dch v, trong cho php thoi v fax c truyn qua cc mng IP. Thc t, cc ng dng qua mng IP nh video v multimedia cng khng cn xa na.