Thuyet - Minh - Do - An NC Thai - Finish

TNH TON - THIT K HT XLNT SINH HOT CNG SUT 1000M
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
MC LC
Li m u 2
Chng 1: Tng quan v nc thi th ............................................................3
1.1/ Ngun gc nc thi th ..........................................................................3
1.2/ Thnh phn tnh cht nc thi th ..........................................................3
Chng 2: Tng quan v cc phng n x l nc thi ...................................4
2.1/ X l nc thi bng phng php c hc ..................................................4
2.2/ X l nc thi bng phng php ho l ...................................................6
2.3/ X l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc ................................................9
2.4/ X l v s dng cn nc thi ....................................................................19
2.5/ Cc phng php kh trng nc thi .........................................................21
Chng 3: xut phng n x l nc thi th .........................................26
3.1/ La chn cng ngh ......................................................................................26
3.2/ Phng n x l ............................................................................................26
Chng 4: Tnh ton cc cng trnh n v ........................................................29
4.1/ Song chn rc ................................................................................................29
4.2/ B iu ho ...................................................................................................32
4.3/ B aerotank ...................................................................................................35
4.4/ B lng 2 .......................................................................................................42
4.5/ B kh trng .................................................................................................46
4.6/ B cha bn ..................................................................................................48
Chng 5: Tnh ton kinh t cc cng trnh n v ...........................................49
5.1/ Chi ph xy dng ...........................................................................................49
5.2/ Chi ph my mc thit b ............................................................................49
5.3/ Chi ph in nng ho cht ........................................................................50
Kt lun & Kin ngh ............................................................................................ 51
LI M U
Hin nay, Vit Nam ni ring v trn th gii ni chung, tnh trng nhim
ngun nc sinh hot nhiu ni rt trm trng, c th gy nguy him cho con ngi, vt
nui v cy trng, gy nhim ngun ti nguyn nc, t. V vy, vic thit k mt
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 1-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
cng ngh x l t tiu chun l yu cu cn thit v cp bch. Ngoi vic a ra bin
php x l hiu qu th chng ta cng phi tuyn truyn nng cao thc mi ngi
trong vic bo v gn gi mi trng, trnh nhng thit hi ng tic xy ra.
Vi nhng kin thc c hc v s gip ca gio vin hng dn, nhm
chng ti a ra mt s cng ngh, tnh ton, thit k h thng x l nc thi sinh
hot tp trung ca mt khu dn c nh c trnh by bn di. Do c th v hnh
thc hc tp v thi gian c hn nn khng trnh khi sai sot, v vy, rt gio vin
hng dn tn tnh gp thm nhm chng ti c th hon thin hn n c
giao.
Xin chn thnh cm n./.
Nhm 7
Chng 1
TNG QUAN V NC THI TH
1.1 Ngun gc nc thi th
T nhiu ngun:
Sinh hot ca h dn
Chung c
Trng hc
Bnh vin
Qun n
1.2 Thnh phn, tnh cht nc thi th
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 2-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
Cc thnh phn chnh gy nhim mi trng do nc thi th gy ra l:
Cc cht hu c;
Cc cht dinh dng ca ni-t (N), pht-pho (P);
Cc cht rn l lng;
Cc vi trng, vi khun gy bnh: Salmonella, t cu, lin cu, virus ng tiu
ha, bi lit, cc loi k sinh trng, amip, nm .
Bng 1: Thnh phn v tnh cht nc thi th
STT Thng s nhim n v Kt qu QCVN 14 - 2006
1 pH mg/l 6.0 - 8.0 6.5 8.5
2 BOD
5
mgO
2
/l 230 30
3 COD mgO
2
/l 310 -
4 TSS mg/l 170 100
5 N tng mg/l 25 10
6 Tng Coliforms KL/100ml >5. 10
3
5000
Chng 2
TNG QUAN V CC PHNG PHP
X L NC THI
2.1. X l nc thi bng phng php c hc
Phng php ny c s dng tch cc tp cht khng ha tan v mt
phn cc cht dng keo ra khi nc thi. Cc cng trnh x l c hc bao gm:
2.1.1. Thit b chn rc:
Thit b chn rc c th l song chn rc hoc li chn rc, c chc nng chn
gi nhng rc bn th (giy, rau, c, rc), nhm m bo m cho my bm, cc
cng trnh v thit b x l nc thi hot ng n nh. Song v li chn rc c
cu to bng cc thanh song song, cc tm li an bng thp hoc tm thp c c
l ty theo kch c cc mt li hay khong cch gia cc thanh m ta phn bit loi
chn rc th, trung bnh hay rc tinh.
Theo cch thc lm sch thit b chn rc ta c th chia lm 2 loi: loi lm sch
bng tay, loi lm sch bng c gii.
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 3-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
2.1.2. Thit b nghin rc:
L thit b c nhim v ct v nghin vn rc thnh cc ht, cc mnh nh l
lng trong nc thi khng lm tc ng, khng gy hi cho bm. Trong thc t cho
thy vic s dng thit b nghin rc thay cho thit b chn rc gy nhiu kh khn
cho cc cng on x l tip theo do lng cn tng ln nh lm tc nghn h thng
phn phi kh v cc thit b lm thong trong cc b (a, l phn phi kh v dnh bm
vo cc tuabin. ). Do vy phi cn nhc trc khi dng
2.1.3. B iu ha:
L n v dng khc phc cc vn sinh ra do s bin ng v lu lng v
ti lng dng vo, m bo hiu qu ca cc cng trnh x l sau, m bo u ra sau
x l, gim chi ph v kch thc ca cc thit b sau ny.
C 2 loi b iu ha:
- B iu ha lu lng
- B iu ha lu lng v cht lng
Cc phng n b tr b iu ha c th l b iu ha trn dng thi hay ngoi
dng thi x l. Phng n iu ha trn dng thi c th lm gim ng k dao ng
thnh phn nc thi i vo cc cng on pha sau, cn phng n iu ha ngoi
dng thi ch gim c mt phn nh s dao ng . V tr tt nht b tr b iu
ha cn c xc nh c th cho tng h thng x l, v ph thuc vo loi x l, c
tnh ca h thng thu gom cng nh c tnh ca nc thi.
2.1.4. B lng ct:
Nhim v ca b lng ct l loi b cn th, nmg nh: ct, si, mnh thy tinh,
mnh kim loi, tro, than vn nhm bo v cc thit b c kh d b mi mn, gim cn
nng cc cng on x l sau.
B lng ct gm nhng loi sau:
- B lng ct ngang: C dng nc chuyn ng thng dc theo chiu di ca
b. B c thit din hnh ch nht, thng c h thu t u b.
- B lng ct ng: Dng nc chy t di ln trn theo thn b. Nc c
dn theo ng tip tuyn vi phn di hnh tr vo b. Ch dng chy kh phc tp,
nc va chuyn ng vng, va xon theo trc, va tnh tin i ln, trong khi cc
ht ct dn v trung tm v ri xung y.
- B lng ct tip tuyn: l loi b c thit din hnh trn, nc thi c dn
vo b theo chiu t tm ra thnh b v c thu v mng tp trung ri dn ra ngoi.
- B lng ct lm thong: trnh lng cht hu c ln trong ct v tng hiu
qu x l, ngi ta lp vo b lng ct thng thng mt dn thit b phun kh. Dn ny
c t st thnh bn trong b to thnh mt dng xon c qut y b vi mt vn
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 4-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
tc trnh hin tng lng cc cht hu c, ch c ct v cc phn t nng c th
lng.
2.1.5. B lng:
Lng l phng php n gin nht tch cc cht bn khng ha tan ra khi
nc thi. Da vo chc nng v v tr c th chia b lng thnh cc loi:
- B lng t 1: c t trc cng trnh x l sinh hc, dng tch cc cht
rn, cht bn l lng khng ha tan.
- B lng t 2: c t sau cng trnh x l sinh hc dng lng cc cn vi
sinh, bn lm trong nc trc khi thi ra ngun tip nhn
Cn c vo chiu dng chy ca nc trong b, b lng cng c chia thnh
cc loi ging nh b lng ct trn: b lng ngang, b lng ng, b lng tip tuyn
(b lng radian).
2.1.6. Lc
Lc c ng dng tch cc tp cht phn tn c kch thc nh khi nc
thi, m cc b lng khng th loi c chng. Ngi ta tin hnh qu trnh lc nh
cc vt liu lc, vch ngn xp, cho php cht lng i qua v gi cc tp cht li.
Vt liu lc c s dng thng l ct thch anh, than cc, hoc si, thm ch
c than nu, than bn hoc than g. Vic la chn vt liu lc ty thuc vo loi nc
thi v iu kin a phng.
C nhiu dng lc: lc chn khng, lc p lc, lc chm, lc nhanh, lc chy
ngc, lc chy xui
2.1.7. Tuyn ni, vt du m
Phng php tuyn ni thng c s dng tch cc tp cht ( dng ht
rn hoc lng) phn tn khng tan, t lng km ra khi pha lng. Trong mt s trng
hp qu trnh ny cng c dng tch cc cht ha tan nh cc cht hot ng b
mt. Qu trnh nh vy c gi l qu trnh tch hay lm c bt.
Trong x l nc thi v nguyn tc tuyn ni thng c s dng kh cc
cht l lng v lm c bn sinh hc.
Qu trnh tuyn ni c thc hin bng cch sc cc bt kh nh (thng l
khng kh) vo trong pha lng. Cc kh kt dnh vi cc ht v khi lc ni tp hp
cc bng kh v ht ln s ko theo cc ht cng ni ln b mt, sau chng tp
hp li vi nhau thnh cc lp bt cha hm lng cc ht cao hn trong cht lng ban
u.
2.2. X l nc thi bng phng php ha l
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 5-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
C s ca phng php ha l l cc phn ng ha hc din ra gia cht
nhim v cc ha cht thm vo. Cc phng php ha l thng c s dng l xy
ha v trung ha. i i vi cc phng php ny cn km theo cc qu trnh kt ta v
nhiu hin tng khc.
Ni chung bn cht ca qu trnh XLNT bng phng php ha l l p dng
cc qu trnh vt l v ha hc loi bt cc cht nhim m khng th dng qu
trnh lng ra khi nc thi. Cc cng trnh tiu biu ca vic p dng phng php ha
hc bao gm:
2.2.1. B keo t, to bng
Qu trnh keo t to bng c ng dng loi b cc cht rn l lng v cc
ht keo c kch thc rt nh (10
-7
-10
-8
cm). Cc cht ny tn ti dng khuch tn v
khng th loi b bng qu trnh lng v tn rt nhiu thi gian. tng hiu qu lng,
gim bt thi gian lng ca chng th ta thm vo nc thi mt s ha cht nh phn
nhm, phn st, polymer, Cc cht ny c tc dng kt dnh cc cht khuch tn
trong dung dch thnh cc ht c kch c v t trng ln hn nn s lng nhanh hn.
Cc cht keo t dng l phn nhm: Al
2
(SO
4
)
3
.18H
2
O, NaAlO
2
, Al
2
(OH)
3
Cl,
KAl(SO
4
)
2
.12H
2
O, NH
4
Al(SO
4
)
2
.12H
2
O; phn st: Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
.2H
2
O, FeSO
4
.7H
2
O, FeCl
3
hay cht keo t khng phn ly, dng cao phn t c ngun gc thin nhin hay tng
hp.
Trong khi tin hnh qu trnh keo t, to bng cn ch :
pH ca nc thi.
Bn cht ca h keo.
S c mt ca cc ion trong nc.
Thnh phn ca cc cht hu c trong nc.
Nhit .
Cc phng php keo t c th l keo t bng cht in ly, keo t bng h keo
ngc du. Trong qu trnh XLNT bng cht keo t, sau khi kt thc giai on thy
phn cc cht keo t (phn nhm, phn st, phn kp), giai on tip theo l giai on
hnh thnh bng cn. cho qu trnh to bng cn din ra thun li ngi ta xy dng
cc b phn ng p ng cc ch khuy trn. B phn ng theo ch khuy trn
c chia lm 2 loi: thy lc v c kh.
Phng php keo t c th lm trong nc v kh mu nc thi v sau khi to
bng cn, cc bng cn ln lng xung th nhng bng cn ny c th ko theo cc cht
phn tn khng tan gy ra mu.
2.2.2. B tuyn ni
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 6-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
Tuyn ni l phng php c p dng tng i rng ri nhm loi b cc tp
cht khng tan, kh lng. Trong nhiu trng hp, tuyn ni cn c s dng tch
cc cht tan nh cht hot ng b mt.
Bn cht ca qu trnh tuyn ni ngc li vi qu trnh lng v cng c p
dng trong trng hp qu trnh lng xy ra rt chm v rt kh thc hin. Cc cht l
lng nh du, m s ni ln trn b mt ca nc thi di tc dng ca cc bt kh to
thnh lp bt c nng tp cht cao hn trong nc ban u. Hiu qu phn ring
bng tuyn ni ph thuc kch thc v s lng bong bng kh. Kch thc ti u ca
bong bng kh l 15 - 30.10
-3
mm. Cc phng php to bt kh:
a. Tuyn ni vi vic tch cc bt kh ra khi dung dch
Bin php ny c s dng rng ri vi nc cha cc cht bn nh v n cho
php to bt kh rt nh. Thc cht ca bin php ny l to ra mt dung dch qu bo
ha khng kh. Sau khng kh c tch ra khi dung dch dng cc bt cc nh
v li ko cc cht bn ni ln trn mt nc:
Tuyn ni chn khng.
Tuyn ni khng p lc.
Tuyn ni p lc.
b. Tuyn ni vi vic cung cp kh nn qua tm xp, ng chm l
Tuyn ni vi thi kh nn qua cc vi.
Tuyn ni vi phn tn khng kh qua tm xp.
Nhc im ca phng php ny l d tc nghn v cn c bnh nn kh.
c. Tuyn ni vi vic dng cc cht to bt (tuyn ni ha hc)
Mc ch c kch thc bt n nh trong qu trnh tuyn ni.
Cht to bt c th l du thng, phenol, ankyl, sunfat natri, cresol CH
3
C
6
H
4
OH.
iu cn lu l trng lng ht khng c ln hn lc kt dnh vi bt kh
v lc nng ca bt kh.
2.2.3. Phng php hp ph
Hp ph l phng php tch cc cht hu c v kh ha tan ra khi nc thi
bng cch tp trung cc cht trn b mt cht rn (cht hp ph) hoc bng cch
tng tc gia cc cht bn ha tan vi cc cht rn (hp ph ha hc).
2.2.4.Trch ly
Trch ly l phng php tch cc cht bn ha tan ra khi nc thi bng dung
mi no nhng vi iu kin dung mi khng tan trong nc v ha tan cht
bn trong dung mi cao hn trong nc.
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 7-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
Ngoi ra cn c cc phng php khc nh:
Chng bay hi l chng nc thi cc cht ha tan trong cng bay
ln theo hi nc.
Trao i ion l phng php thu hi cc cation v anion bng cc cht
trao i ion (ionit) cc cht trao i ion l cc cht rn trong thin nhin
hoc vt liu nha nhn to. Chng khng ha tan trong nc v trong
dung mi hu c, c kh nng trao i ion. Phng php trao i ion cho
php thu c nhng cht qu trong nc thi v cho hiu sut x l kh
cao.
Tinh th ha l phng php loi b cc cht bn khi nc trng thi
tinh th.
Ngoi cc phng php ha l k trn, x l kh cc cht bn trong nc
thi ngi ta cn dng cc phng php nh: kh phng x, kh kh, kh mi, kh
mui trong nc thi.
2.3. X l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc
X l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc l da vo kh nng sng v hot
ng ca VSV c kh nng phn ho nhng hp cht hu c.
Cc cht hu c sau khi phn ho tr thnh nc, nhng cht v c hay cc kh n
gin.
C 2 loi cng trnh x l nc thi bng phng php sinh hc:
- iu kin t nhin.
- iu kin nhn to.
2.3.1. X l nc thi sinh hc trong iu kin t nhin
C s ca phng php ny l da vo kh nng t lm sch ca t v ngun
nc. Vic XLNT c thc hin trn cc cng trnh:
Cnh ng ti cng cng v bi lc
Trong nc thi sinh hot cha mt hm lng N, P, K kh ng k. Nh
vy, nc thi l mt ngun phn bn tt c lng N thch hp vi s pht trin ca
thc vt.
T l cc nguyn t dinh dng trong nc thi thng l 5:1:2 = N:P:K.
Nguyn tc hot ng : Vic x l nc thi bng cnh ng ti, cnh ng
lc da trn kh nng gi cc cn nc trn mt t, nc thm qua t nh i
qua lc, nh c oxy trong cc l hng v mao qun ca lp t mt, cc VSV hiu
kh hot ng phn hy cc cht hu c nhim bn. Cng su xung, lng oxy
cng t v qu trnh oxy ha cc cht hu c cng gim xung dn. Cui cng n
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 8-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
su ch xy ra qu trnh kh nitrat. xc nh c qu trnh oxy ha
nc thi ch xy ra lp t mt su ti 1.5m. V vy cc cnh ng ti v bi lc
thng c xy dng nhng ni c mc nc ngun thp hn 1.5m so vi mt
t.
S cnh ng ti
1. Mng chnh v mng phn phi; 2. Mng, rnh
phn phi trong 4. ng tiu cc ; 3. Mng tiu
nc;nc; 5. ng i
Cnh ng ti nng nghip:
Theo ch nc ti ngi ta chia thnh 2 loi
- Thu nhn nc thi quanh nm
- Thu nc thi theo ma
Chn loi cnh ng no l ty thuc vo c im thot nc ca vng v
loi cy trng hin c.
Trc khi a vo cnh ng , nc thi phi c x l s b qua song chn
rc, b lng ct hoc b lng. Tiu chun ti ly thp hn cnh ng cng
cng v c kin chuyn gia nng nghip.
H sinh hc:
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 9-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
Cu to: H sinh vt l cc ao h c ngun gc t nhin hoc nhn to, cn
gi l h oxy ha, h n nh nc thi, Trong h sinh vt din ra qu trnh oxy
ha sinh ha cc cht hu c nh cc loi vi khun, to v cc loi thy sinh vt
khc.
Nguyn tc hot ng: Vi sinh vt s dng oxy sinh ra t ru to trong qu trnh quang
hp cng nh oxy ha t khng kh oxy ha cc cht hu c, rong to li tiu th
CO
2
, photphat v nitrat amon sinh ra t s phn hy, oxy ha cc cht hu c bi vi
sinh vt. h hot ng bnh thng cn phi gi gi tr pH v nhit ti u. Nhit
khng c thp hn 6
O
C. Theo qu trnh sinh ha, ngi ta chia h sinh vt ra cc
loi:h hiu kh, h k kh v h ty nghi.
H sinh hc dng x l nc thi bng sinh hc ch yu da vo qu trnh
lm sch ca h.
Ngoi vic x l nc thi cn c nhim v:
+ Nui trng thu sn.
+ Ngun nc ti cho cy trng.
+ iu ho dng chy.
C cc loi sau y:
+ H k kh.
+ H k hiu kh
+ H hiu kh.
H k kh
c im
Dng lng v phn hu cn lng bng PP sinh hc t nhin da trn s phn
gii ca VSV k kh.
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 10-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
Chuyn dng x l nc thi CN nhim bn.
Khong cch v sinh (cch XN thc phm): 1.5-2 km.
Chiu su: h = 2.4-3.6.m.
H k hiu kh: thng gp
Trong h xy ra 2 qu trnh song song
+ Oxy ho hiu kh.
+ Phn hy metan cn lng.
C 3 lp:
+ Hiu kh
+ Trung gian
+ K kh
Ngun oxy cp ch yu l do qu trnh quang hp rong to.
Qu trnh k kh y ph thuc vo to.
Chiu su ca h k hiu kh: 0.9-1.5 m.
2.3.2. X l nc thi sinh hc trong iu kin nhn to
B phn ng ym kh tip xc
Qu trnh phn hy xy ra trong b kn vi bn tun hon. Hn hp bn v nc
thi trong b c khuy trn hon ton, sau khi phn hy hn hp c a sang b
lng hoc b tuyn ni tch ring bn v nc. Bn tun hon tr li b k kh,
lng bn d thi b thng rt t do tc sinh trng ca vi sinh vt kh chm.
B x l bng lp bn k kh vi dng nc i t di ln
(UASB)
y l mt trong nhng qu trnh k kh ng dng rng ri nht trn th do hai
c im chnh sau :
C ba qu trnh phn hy-lng bn-tch kh c lp t trong cng
mt cng trnh.
To thnh cc loi bn ht c mt vi sinh vt rt cao v tc
lng vt xa so vi bn hot tnh hiu kh dng l lng.
Bn cnh , qu trnh x l sinh hc k kh UASB cn c
nhng u im so vi qu trnh bn hot tnh hiu kh nh:
o t tiu tn nng lng vn hnh.
o t bn d nn gim chi ph x l bn.
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 11-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
o Bn sinh ra d tch nc.
o Nhu cu dinh dng thp nn gim chi ph b sung dinh dng.
o C kh nng thu hi nng lng t kh Methane.
B lc k kh
B lc k kh l mt b cha vt liu tip xc x l cht hu c cha carbon
trong nc thi. Nc thi c dn vo b t di ln hoc t trn xung, tip xc vi
lp vt liu trn c vi sinh vt k kh sinh trng v pht trin. V vi sinh vt c
gi trn b mt vt liu tip xc v khng b ra tri theo nc sau x l nn thi gian
lu ca t bo sinh vt rt cao (khong 100 ngy).
Qu trnh x l hiu kh vi vi sinh vt sinh trng dng l
lng
Trong qu trnh bn hot tnh, cc cht hu c ha tan v khng ha tan chuyn
ha thnh bng bn sinh hc qun th vi sinh vt hiu kh c kh nng lng di tc
dng ca trng lc. Nc chy lin tc vo b aeroten, trong kh c a vo cng
xo trn vi bn hot tnh cung cp xy cho vi sinh vt phn hy cht hu c. Di
iu kin nh th, vi sinh vt sinh trng tng sinh khi v kt thnh bng bn. Hn
hp bn v nc thi chy n b lng t 2 v ti y bn hot tnh lng xung y.
Mt lng ln bn hot tnh (25 75% lu lng) tun hon v b aeroten gi n
nh mt vi khun, to iu kin phn hy nhanh cht hu c. Lng sinh khi d
mi ngy cng vi lng bn ti t b lng 1 c dn tip tc n cng trnh x l
bn. Mt s dng b ng dng qu trnh bn hot tnh l lng nh: B aeroten thng
thng, b aeroten xo trn hon chnh, mng xy ha, b hot ng gin on, . . .
Qu trnh x l hiu kh vi vi sinh vt sinh trng dng dnh bm
B lc sinh hc
B lc sinh hc cha y vt liu tip xc, l gi th cho vi sinh vt sng bm.
Vt liu tip xc thng l c ng knh trung bnh 25 100 mm, hoc vt liu
nha c hnh dng khc nhau, c chiu cao t 4 12 m. Nc thi c phn b u
trn mt lp vt liu bng h thng quay hoc vi phun. Qun th vi sinh vt sng bm
trn gi th to nn mng nhy sinh hc c kh nng hp ph v phn hy cht hu c
cha trong nc thi. Qun th vi sinh vt ny c th bao gm vi khun hiu kh, k kh
v ty tin, nm, to, v cc ng vt nguyn sinh, trong vi khun ty tin chim
u th.
Phn bn ngoi lp mng nhy (khong 0,1 0,2 mm) l loi vi sinh hiu kh.
Khi vi sinh pht trin, chiu dy lp mng ngy cng tng, vi sinh lp ngoi tiu th ht
lng xy khuch tn trc khi xy thm vo bn trong. V vy, gn st b mt gi th
mi trng k kh hnh thnh. Khi lp mng dy, cht hu c b phn hy hon ton
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 12-
Nc thi
cha x l

Bn hon lu

3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
lp ngoi, vi sinh sng gn b mt gi th thiu ngun c cht, cht dinh dng dn n
tnh trng phn hy ni bo v mt i kh nng bm dnh. Nc thi sau x l c thu
qua h thng thu nc t bn di. Sau khi ra khi b, nc thi vo b lng t hai
loi b mng vi sinh tch khi gi th. Nc sau x l c th tun hon pha long
nc thi u vo b lc sinh hc, ng thi duy tr m cho mng nhy.
B lc sinh hc tip xc quay (RBC)
RBC bao gm cc a trn polystyren hoc polyvinyl chloride t gn st nhau.
a nhng chm mt phn trong nc thi v quay tc chm. Tng t nh b lc
sinh hc, mng vi sinh hnh thnh v bm trn b mt a. Khi a quay, mang sinh khi
trn a tip xc vi cht hu c trong nc thi v sau tip xc vi xy. a quay
to iu kin chuyn ha xy v lun gi sinh khi trong iu kin hiu kh. ng thi,
khi a quay to nn lc ct loi b cc mng vi sinh khng cn kh nng bm dnh v
gi chng dng l lng a sang b lng t hai.
B Aerotank
B Aeroten l cng trnh lm bng btng, btng ct thp... vi mt bng thng
dng l hnh ch nht. Hn hp bn v nc thi cho chy sut chiu di ca b.
Nguyn l c bn ca phng php l to iu kin hiu kh cho qun th vi sinh
vt c trong nc thi pht trin to thnh bn hot tnh. tho mn iu kin ny
ngi ta phi sc kh qua h thng nn hoc thi kh. Nc thi trong b s c cung
cp khng kh v lng oxy s c ho tan nhiu hn m bo yu cu oxy ho cc
cht hu c ca vi sinh vt hiu kh v ty nghi. Trng hp nc ngho ngun N v P
th phi b sung cho cc cht ny nhm m bo cho bn c hot tnh, ngha l cho bn
to thnh tt, c kh nng oxy ho cao cc cht hu c.
Cng ngh XLNT bng b Aerotank l to iu kin hiu kh v c th b sung mt s
cht dinh dng thch hp cho vi sinh vt nc thi pht trin to thnh bn c hot tnh
cao, nu trong nc thi thiu cc cht ny. m bo c oxy thng xuyn v nc
c trn u vi bn hot tnh, ngi ta cung cp oxy bng h thng thi kh hoc cung
co oxy tinh khit, kt hp vi h thng khuy trn.
Bn hot tnh hi lu c trn vi nc thi u vo b Aerotank. Trong b
Aerotank c th xy cc vch ngn v nc thi c bn hot tnh s chy theo chiu di
ca dng chy. Khng kh c a vo ng u theo sut chiu di ca b Aerotank.
C trng hp bn hi lu c hot ho trong mt b ring, c b sung cc cht dinh
dng v ch sc kh, khuy trn thch hp, sau mi a tr li b Aerotank.
Hiu sut x l hiu kh c th t ti 85 95% BOD, loi cc hp cht N ti 40%
v coliform ti 60 90%.
Qu trnh x l c thc hin nh qu trnh ln men bn lin tc. Qu trnh cng
ngh ny c nhng c im sau:
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 13-
Nc thi
cha x l

Bn hon lu

Nc thi
Cha x l

3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
Ging vi sinh vt khng phi l ging thun khit m l qun th vi khun
(ch yu) nm men, nm mc, ng vt nguyn sinh v mt s sinh vt khc (ch yu
l vi khun d dng, hoi sinh v hiu kh).
Bn hot tnh gm c t bo cht, t bo gi v cc t bo tr hot ng,
phn tn trong nc thi thnh cc dng ht nh.
Nc thi c x l bng b Aerotank c qu trnh nh sau:
Hp ph cc cht hu c ho tan, dng keo v huyn ph vo trong hoc
trn mt cc ht bn hot tnh.
Cc cht hu c c phn hy n sn phm cui cng l CO
2
, H
2
O cng
cc cht khong v ng thi to thnh cc t bo mi ca qun th vi sinh vt hiu kh.
S chuyn ho cc cht bi vi sinh vt v kt lng bn hot tnh c s tham gia cc loi
ng vt nguyn sinh v cc loi khc c trong nc thi.
Oxy ho amoniac n nitrit v sau n nitrat nh vi khun nitrat ho.
Trng hp khng cc cht dinh dng trong nc thi, t bo vi sinh vt s cht
v t phn. Khng iu kin hiu kh, hoc ngng thi kh, khuy trn cc ht bn
s kt li thnh khi v lng xung y.
Ty thuc vo iu kin c th (khi lng nc thi, mc nhim,vn...)
ngi ta c th thit k b Aerotank c cc loi hnh v trang thit b sc kh s khc
nhau. Di y l mt s loi hnh b Aerotank
B Aerotank thng thng: nc thi qua chn rc vo lng s b ri ho vi bn hi
lu vo u cng ca b Aerotank. Khng kh sc ng u theo sut chiu di ca b.
Qu trnh xy ra trong b gm s hp ph cc cn vn l lng, cc t bo vi sinh vt, kt
bng li trong bn hot tnh mi hnh thnh v cc cht hu c b oxy ho. Bn hot tnh
tha c ly ra b lng th cp.
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 14-
B cha
x l
Aerotank
Lng
Ln
g
Nc thi
cha x l

Bn hon lu

Bn thi
Hnh: Hot ng b Aerotank thng thng
Nc thi
Cha x l

Lng 2

Nc thi

3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
B Aerotank theo bc: y l phng php ci tin ca phng php trn. Nc
thi sau lng 1 c a vo b nhiu im tng ng, do nhu cu oxy s gim
dn.
Qu trnh cng ngh ny c s dng c kt qu i vi nc thi thnh ph.
Vi bin php thi kh ko di, thi gian nc lu li trong b ln oxy ho hon
ton lng cht bn.
B Aerotank c thit b khuy trn: qu tnh x l gn nh lin tc cho nc thi
vo b Aeroten c thit b khuy trn. Nc v bn c quay vng li a vo b
nhiu im. Vic cung cp oxy c thc hin ng u theo chiu di ca b kt hp
kt hp vi khuy o lm cho cc ht bn phn tn u trong nc tip xc vi cc
cht nhim lm tng kh nng oxy ho ca c qu trnh.
B Aerotank n nh tip xc: qu trnh x l nc c thc hin qua hai
b : b n nh bn hot tnh v b tip xc. Bn hot tnh hi lu c a vo b n
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 15-
Hnh: B Aerotank theo bc
Lng Be
Aerotank
Lng
Nc thi
Cha x l

Bn hot tnh tun
hon Bn d
Nc ra
Lng 2

Nc thi

3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
nh nh l giai on nhn ging trong cng ngh ln men cng nghip. Khi lng bn
hot tnh mi c to thnh s lng v m bo tui sinh l s c a sang
b tip xc vi nc thi sau lng v qu trnh oxy ho cc cht nhim bn mi thc s
xy ra b ny. B n nh cn gi l b ti sinh hoc b hot ho bn. Sau b tip xc
nc c a sang lng 2 v t y nc ra c cht lng tt v bn hot tnh c
hi lu a v b n nh.
u im ca phng php l gim 50% lng thng kh so vi phng php
hiu kh c in. Phng php ny c p dng cho x l nc c nhiu cht bn
dng l lng hoc keo.
B lng t 2
B lng t hai c nhim v lng trong nc sau qu trnh x l sinh hc x
ra ngun tip nhn v c c bn hat tnh n nng nht nh phn di ca b
bm tun hon li b aerotank. Nh bit, nng cn C
o
(g/m
3
) trong nc i t
b aerotank sang b lng t hai thng ln hn 1000 mg/l. nng ny cc bng
cn tip xc vi nhau to thnh cc m my cn lng xung, nc t di i ln qua
cc khe rng gia cc bng cn tip xc vi nhau lm hn ch tc lng nn gi l
lng hn ch. Tc lng ca cc m my cc bng cn ph thuc vo nng v
tnh cht ca cn.
B lng t hai thng thit k dng trn (b lng ng, b radial) v dng hnh
ch nht (b lng ngang).
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 16-
Lng 1
B n nh
Bn b tip
xc
Lng 2

Nc thi

Bn hi lu Bn thi
Hnh: B Aerotank n nh tip xc
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
B lng ngang ch nht thng c h qu lng thp hn b lng trn bi v cn
lng tch ly cc gc b thng b my gt cn khuy ng tri theo dng nc i vo
mng thu nc ra ca b.
+ B lng trn thng thit k vi ng knh t 3 60m, ph bin nht l 6
40m, v bn knh ca b khng ly vt qu 5 ln chiu cao phn hnh tr ca
b.
+ B lng trn c th phn phi nc vo theo ng ng t tm b v thu
nc ra bng mng thu t vng quanh chu vi b, hoc c th phn phi
nc vo bng mng quanh chu vi b v thu nc ra bng mng quanh ng
ng t tm b
2.4. X l v s dng cn nc thi
c tnh ca cn lng v cc phng php x l
2.4.1. c tnh
Thnh phn
- Mng VSV.
- Rc nghin nh: lng rc c nghin nh hoc x l vi cn hoc tr li
song chn rc.
- Cc loi cn b tip xc, cn ny khng x l chung m em ra sn phi bn,
nn cn, .
- Cc cht hu c cn chim 60-80% cht hu c tng cng.
- Thnh phn ho hc ca cn trong nc thi
Loi cn
Cht k
o N
P
2
O
5
K
2 Cht bo HC E.coli
1. Cn ti 72-90 2-3 0.6-1.7 0.2 14-17 20-30
10
7
-10
8
2. Bn hot tnh 65-75 3.4 2.3 0.4 2.6 4-7
4.10
6
-
3. Mng vi sinh 65-75 5.5 3.1 - 6 - -
2.4.2. Phng php x l
- X l cn hiu qu nht bng phng php ln men k kh vi s tham gia ca
VSV k kh.
- Qu trnh sinh ho k kh cn hu c rt phc tp:
+ Cc cht hu c (C) acid bo + Biogas (CO
2
, CH
4
, H
2
)
+ Cc cht hu c (N) NH
3
, N
2
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 17-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
+ Cht hu c (S) H
2
S
- Sau khi ln men, tnh cht cn thay i v V thay i (khng tan cht tan +
kh)
- Qu trnh ln men k kh gm 2 giai on
+ Giai on ln men acid.
+ Giai on ln men kim.
Giai on 1: Ln men Acid (ln men H). Di tc dng ca men VSV, cc
cht hu c ca cn:
+ u tin: Phn hu s/p n gin
- Protid peptid v aa
- Cht bo glicerine, a.bo
- (H, C) ng n gin
+ Sau : Chuyn ho cc cht trn thnh s/p cui cng ca giai on 1 (ch yu l cc
acid hu c: a.butylic, a.propionic, a.acetic). pH < 7 ln men aicd
- VSV giai on 1 l : nm, VK butyric, propionic Th tch cn khng gim, c
mi hi
Giai on 2: Ln men kim (ln men metan)
+ Chuyn ho cc s/p ca giai on 1 thnh CH
4
, CO
2
, H
2
.
+ VSV tham gia: VK to CH
4
.
Methano bacterium
Methanococus
Methanosarica
Cc cng trnh x l cn
- B t hoi
- B lng 2 v
- B metan
- Mt s cng trnh rc cn :p dy ai , Sn phi, B nn bn,.
Cc cng trnh x l
B Mtan
- y l cng trnh x l cn hiu qu nht.
- Thi gian ln men ngn: 6-20 ngy, th tch ngn bn nh
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 18-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
- Cc loi cn dn n b
+ Cn ti t b lng 1
+ Bn hot tnh d trn mng VS
+ Rc nghin
- Cn c hm nng v xo trn to iu kin ti u cho qu trnh ln men.
- Khi b lm vic bnh thng:
+ pH = 7-7,5
+ Hm lng a.bo: 3-8 mg/l
+ kim: 60-70 mg/l
+ Nit ca mui amino: 600-800 mg/l
- Cng qu trnh ln men ph thuc vo nhit , lng cn, mc xo trn.
Cu to

c Dn cn vo
d Thit b hm nng cn
e Dn hi nng
f My trn
g Kh t
Hm t hoi
L cng trnh x l sinh hc bc u ca h thng x l nc thi, trong cc tc
nhn gy nhim c phn hy bi cc vi sinh vt di iu kin k kh. S chuyn
ha sinh hc xy ra theo cc hng sau: Chuyn ho cc cht hu c thnh kh sinh hc
v cc sn phm hu c n gin hn
- Gim mt phn N, P do vi sinh vt s dng xy dng t bo
B nn bn
- B nn bn c nhim v lm gim m ca bn
- B nn bn thng thit k dng trn ng.
- Lng cn bao gm
+ Cn x l sinh hc (d)
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 19-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
+ Cn ban u (SS)
+ Cn keo t phn
Sn phi bn
Sn phi bn l cng trnh s dng nhit mt tri nhm mc ch gim khi lng ca
hn hp bn cn bng cch gn mt phn hay phn ln lng nuc c trong hn hp
gim kch thc thit b x l v gim trng lng phi vn chuyn n ni tip nhn.
2.5. Cc phng php kh trng nc thi
Hin nay c nhiu bin php kh trng c hiu qu:
- Kh trng bng cc cht oxi ho mnh: Cl
2
, cc hp cht Clo, O
3
, KMnO
4
.
- Kh trng bng cc tia vt l: tia cc tm
- Kh trng bng siu m.
- Kh trng bng phng php nhit.
- Kh trng bng cc ion kim loi nng.
Kh trng bng cc cht xi ha mnh
Hoc c th dng phng trnh phn li
Cl
2
+ H
2
O = H+ + OCl
-
+ Cl
-
.
Khi s dng Clorua vi, phn ng din ra nh sau:
Ca(OCl)
2
+ H
2
O = CaO + 2HOCl
2HOCl = 2H
+
+ 2OCl
-
Kh nng dit trng ca Clo ph thuc vo hm lng HOCl c trong H
2
O. Nng
HOCl ph thuc vo lng ion H
+
trong nc hay ph thuc vo pH ca nc. Khi:
- pH = 6 th HOCl chim 99,5% cn OCl- chim 0.5%
- pH = 7 th HOCl chim 79% cn OCl- chim 21%
- pH = 8 th HOCl chim 25% cn OCl- chim 75%
Tc l pH cng cao hiu qu kh trng cng gim. Tc dng kh trng ca HOCl
2.5.1. Kh trng bng Clo v cc hp cht ca Clo
Cl
2
l cht oxi ho mnh bt k dng no. Khi cho Clo tc dng vi n s to thnh
HOCl c tcdng dit trng mnh. Khi cho Clo vo trong H
2
O, cht dit trng s
khuych tn qua lp v t bo sinh vt gy phn ng vi men t bo lm ph hoi cc
qu trnh trao i cht ca t bo vi sinh vt.
Khi cho Clo vo trong nc, phn ng din ra nh sau:
Cl
2
+ H
2
O = HCl + HClO cao hn nhiu OCl
-
.
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 20-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
Khi cho Clo vo trong nc ngoi vic dit vi sinh vt, n cn kh cc cht ho
tan v NH
3
.
HOCl + NH
3
= NH
2
Cl + H
2
O
HOCl + NH
2
Cl = NHC
l2
+ H
2
O
HOCl + NHCl = NCl
3
+ H
2
O
Do kh nng dit trng km i. Bi v kh nng dit trng ca monocloramin
hp hn dicloramin khong 3 5 ln, cn kh nng dit trng ca dicloramin thp hn
HOCl khong 20 25 ln.
Khi pH tng NCl
3
to t. Kh nng dit trng ca NH
2
Cl = (1/3 -1/5) NHCl
2
v NH
2
Cl
2
= (1/20 1/25)Cl
2
.
Sau khi qua x ly (h thng x l) th lng Clo lng d: 0.3-0.5mg/l. Sao cho
n cui ng cn 0.05mg/l.
Lng Clo d a vo trong nc phi xc nh bng thc nghim. Khi thit k
s b c th ly nh sau : i vi nc thi sau x l c hc l 10mg/l; nc thi sau
x l Aeroten khng hon ton hay Biophin cao ti l 5mg/l; nc thi x l sinh hc
hon ton l 3mg/l.
Khi trong nc c phenol, kh trng bng Clo Clo phenol c mi rt kh
chu. Nn kh bng NH
3
trc khi kh trng.
Do kh nng dit trng km i. Bi v kh nng dit trng ca monocloramin
hp hn dicloramin khong 3 5 ln, cn kh nng dit trng ca dicloramin thp hn
HOCl khong 20 25 ln.
Khi pH tng NCl
3
to t. Kh nng dit trng ca NH
2
Cl = ( 1/3 -1/5) NHCl
2
v NH
2
Cl
2
=(1/20 1/25)Cl
2
.
Sau khi qua x ly (h thng x l) th lng Clo lng d: 0.3-0.5mg/l. Sao cho
n cui ng cn 0.05mg/l.
Lng Clo d a vo trong nc phi xc nh bng thc nghim. Khi thit k
s b c th ly nh sau : i vi nc thi sau x l c hc l 10mg/l; nc thi sau
x l Aeroten khng hon ton hay Biophin cao ti l 5mg/l; nc thi x l sinh hc
hon ton l 3mg/l.
Khi trong nc c phenol, kh trng bng Clo Clo phenol c mi rt kh
chu. Nn kh bng NH
3
trc khi kh trng.
2.5.2.Kh trng bng Clo lng:
Khi dng Clo lng kh trng , ti nh my phi lp t thit b chuyn dng
a Clo vo nc gi l Clorat. y l thit b c chc nng pha ch v nh lng
Clo hi v nc
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 21-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
2.5.3. Kh trng bng Clorua vi v canxihyphocloit
Clorua vi c sn xut bng cch cho Clo + vi ti Cloruavi. Trong
Cloruavi th lng Clo hot tnh chim 20 25%. Canxi hypclorit Ca (OCl)2 l sn
phm ca qu trnh lm bo ha dung dch vi sa bng Clo. Ham lng Clo hot tnh
chim 30 45%.
2.5.4. Kh trng bng Natri hypoclorit (nc zaven).
NaClo l sn phm ca qu trnh in phn dung dch mui n . Nc zaven c
nng Clo hot tnh t 6 8g/l
2.5.5. Dng zn kh trng
zn l mt cht kh c mu tm t ha tan trong nc v rt c hi i vi con
ngi. trong nc, zn phn hy rt nhanh thnh xi phn t v nguyn t. zn c
tnh hot ha mnh hn Clo, nn dit trng mnh hn.
zn c sn xut bng cch cho Oxy hoc khng kh i qua thit b phng la
in. cung cp lng ozon cho trm x l nc ta dng my pht tia la in v
cho khng kh chy qua. Ozon sn xut ra d b phn hy thnh Oxy do phi lp
thit b lm lnh my sn xut Ozon. C 2 loi my lm lnh in cc:
- Lm lnh bng khng kh.
- Lm lnh bng nc.
u im ca Ozon:
- Khng c mi
- Lm gim nhu cu oxi ca nc , gim cht hu c,..
- Kh mu, phnol, xianua
- Tng DO
- Khng c sn phm ph gy c hi
- Tng vn tc lng ca ht l lng
Nhc im:
- Vn u t cao
- Tiu tn nng lng
Kh nng tit trng ca Ozon
ha tan ca Ozon gp 13 ln ca oxy. Khi va cho vo trong nc kh nng tit
trng l rt t , khi Ozon ha tan liu lng, ng vi hm lng oxy ho hu
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 22-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
c v vi khun trong nc, lc tc dng kh trng mnh nhanh gp 3100 ln so vi
Clo, thi gian tit trng xy ra trong khong 3 8 giy.
Liu lng cn thit cho nc ngm l 0.75 1mg/l; 1.0 3.0 mg/l nc mt; sau b
lng 2 trong x l nc thi t 5 15mg/l.
2.5.6. Kh trng bng tia cc tm
Tia c tm UV l tia bc x in t c bc sng khong 4 400nm. di
bc sng ca tia cc tm nm ngoi vng pht hin, nhn bit ca mt thng. Dng
tia cc tm tit trng khng lm thay i tnh cht ha hc v l hc ca nc.
Tia cc tm tc dng lm thay i DNA ca t bo vi khun, tia cc tm c
di bc sng 254nm, kh nng dit khun cao nht. Trong cc nh my x l nc
thi, dng n thu ngn p lc thp pht tia cc tm, loi n ny pht ra tia cc tm
c bc sng 253,7nm, bng n t trong hp thy tinh khng hp ph tia cc tm,
ngn cch n v nc. n c lp thnh b trong hp ng c vch ngn phn phi
khi nc cy qua hp, c trn u cho s lng vi khun i qua n trong thi
gian tip xc hp l cao nht. Lp nc i qua n c dy khong 6mm, nng
lng tiu th t 6000 13000 wat/s, bn 3000 gi n 8000 gi.
Tuy nhin khi s dng phng php ny th chi ph rt cao. Cc thc nghim gn
y cho thy nc thi c hm lng cn l lng SS < 50mg/l sau khi i qua hp n
cc tm vi tiu chun nng lng nu trn th nc cn 200 Colifrom/100ml.
2.5.7. Kh trng bng mt s phng php khc
- Kh trng bng siu m: Dng dng siu m vi cng tc dng ln s c
th tiu dit ton b vi sinh vt trong nc
- Kh trng bng PP nhit: PP c truyn. un si nc 100
0
C.
- Kh trng bng Ion Bc : C th tiu dit phn ln vi trng. Vi 2 10g/l ion
l c th tc dng.
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 23-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
Chng 3
XUT PHNG N X L NC THI TH
3.1 La chn s cng ngh ca trm x l nc thi th
Da vo cc yu t c bn sau:
Cng sut ca trm x l;
Thnh phn v c tnh ca nc thi;
Mc cn thit x l nc thi;
Tiu chun x nc thi vo ngun tip nhn;
iu kin mt bng v c im a cht thy vn ca khu vc;
Cc ch tiu kinh t k thut.
3.2 Phng n
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 24-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
NT TH?
SONG CH ?N
RC
B? I?U HA
B? L?NG 1
NU? C
TCH
BN
B? AEROTANK
B? L?NG 2
B? KH? TRNG
BN
TU?N
HON
B? NN BN
MY TH?I KH
MY P BN
CHN L?P NGU?N TI?P
NH?N
Thuyt minh s cng ngh phng n 1
Nc thi t cc cc khu dn c, khu trng hc, bnh vin, khu chung c theo
mng li thot nc ring , nc chy qua mng dn c t song chn rc, y
nc thi s c loi b cc cht hu c hoc nhng cht c kch thc ln nh bao
ni lng, ng chch, bng bng, vi vn, nhm trnh gy tc nghn cc cng trnh pha
sau. Sau nc thi c dn vo b iu ha n nh lu lng v nng , trnh
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 25-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
hin tng qu ti vo cc gi cao im, do gip h thng x l lm vic n nh v
gim kch thc cc cng trnh n v tip sau. Trong b iu ha c b tr h thng
thi kh nhm xo trn hon ton nc thi khng cho cn lng trong b ng thi
cung cp O
2
gim mt phn BOD. Sau nc thi chy vo b lng 1 nhm lng
cn l lng v mt phn BOD. Sau nc thi s c a vo b Aerotank thc
hin qu trnh phn hy hiu kh cc cht hu c c kh nng phn hy sinh hc dng
ha tan v dng l lng. Trong b Aerotank c cp kh v khuy trn nhm tng hm
lng oxy ha tan v qu trnh oxy ha cc cht hu c trong nc thi. Sau nc
thi chy vo b lng 2 lng cn sinh hc v bn hot tnh. T b lng 2 nc chy
sang b kh trng loi cc vi sinh vt gy bnh trc khi thi vo ngun tip nhn.
Bn hot tnh t b lng 2 mt phn tun hon li vo b Aerotank, phn cn li
c dn vo b nn bn.Ti b nn bn, bn c tch nc lm gim m ca
bn, phn nc tch t bn s c tun hon vo b iu ha. Phn bn t b nn bn
s c vn chuyn ra sn phi bn kh hon ton nc v bn ny c th s dng
lm phn bn.
u im ca phng n
Cng ngh n gin;
Vn hnh n gin;
Gi thnh u t ban u thp v cng ngh ch yu l b tng ct thp.
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 26-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
Chng 4
TNH TON CC CNG TRNH N V
Xc nh lu lng tnh ton:
- Cng sut cho: Q
tk
= 1000m
3
/s
- Lu lng trung bnh theo gi
Q
h
TB
=
67 , 41
24
1000
(m
3
/h)
- Lu lng nc thi theo gi ln nht:
Q
h
max
= Q
h
x k
c
= 41,67 x 2,5 = 104,2 (m
3
/h)
- Lu lng nc thi theo giy:
Q
s
=
0115 , 0
3600 * 24
1000
(m
3
/s)
- Lu lng nc thi theo giy ln nht:
Q
s
max
= Q
s
x 2,5 = 0,0115 x 2.5 = 0,03 (m
3
/s)
Vi k
h

h s vt ti theo gi ln nht k = 1,5 3,5, chn k = 1,5
4.1 Song chn rc
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 27-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
Nhim v :
Gi li cc tp cht c kch thc ln, nh trnh gy tc nghn v bo mn bm,
ng ng hoc knh dn. y l cng trnh u tin ca trm x l nc thi.
Chn cc thng s k thut ca mng t song chn rc:
dc I = 0,008
Chiu ngang B = 0,1m
Chn tc ca nc thi trc song chn rc V = 0,6 m/s ( vn
tc trung bnh qua cc khe : v = 0,6 1 m/s )
di h = 0,1m
Chn loi song chn rc c khe h b=16mm
Tit din song chn hnh ch nht c kch thc: s x l = 8 x50 mm
Chiu cao lp nc song chn rc ly bng dy tnh ton mng dn:
h
1
= h = 0,1m
S khe h gia cc thanh chn rc c tnh theo cng thc:
n =
1
max. Q K
v b h

=
8 , 32
1 , 0 016 , 0 6 , 0
05 , 1 03 , 0
chn s khe l 33, s thanh song chn rc l 32

Trong :
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 28-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
n : s khe h song chn rc
v
: tc nc chy qua song chn rc
v
= 0,6 m/s
K: h s tnh n mc thu hp dng chy do h thng co rc, K = 1,05.
B: khong cch khe h ca song chn rc, b=16 25 mm. Chn b = 16 mm.
S thanh chn: m = n - 1 = 33 1 = 32 thanh
Chiu rng ca song chn rc:
B
s
= s(n-1) + b
n = 0,008(33-1) + 0,016
33= 0,784 m
Chn B
s
= 0,8m
Trong : s l b dy ca thanh chn rc 8 10mm, chn s = 8 mm =0,008 m.
Tn tht p lc song chn rc:
h
s
=
2
max
2
v
g

Trong :
v
: vn tc nc thi trc song chn ng vi Q
max
, v
max
= 0,6
K: h s tnh n s tng tn tht do vng mc rc song chn, K=2-3, chn
K=2;

: h s sc cn cc b ca song chn c xc nh theo cng thc:
=
4 4
3 3
0
0, 008
sin 2, 42 sin60
0, 016
s
b

_ _

, ,
= 0,83
: h s ph thuc vo tit din ngang ca thanh song chn, chn hnh dng tit
din thanh song chn l hnh ch nht, khi
=2,42;
: gc nghing ca song chn so vi hng dng chy,
=60
0
.
Suy ra:
h
s
=

g
v
2
2
= 0,83
( )
2
81 , 9 2
6 , 0
2
= 0,03 m = 3cm
Chiu di phn m rng trc thanh chn rc L
1
:
L
1
=
0
20 2
2 , 0 8 , 0
2 tg tg
B B
m s

= 0,82 m; chn L
1
= 0,8m
Trong :
B
s
: Chiu rng song chn rc, B
s
=0,8m
B
m
: chiu rng mng dn, B=200mm=0,2m
: gc nghing ch m rng, thng ly
=20
0
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 29-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
Chiu di phn m rng sau thanh chn rc L
2
:
L
2
= 0,5 L
1
=0,5 x 0,8=0,4 m; chn L
2
= 0.4m
Chiu di xy dng ca phn mng lp t song chn rc:
L = L
1
+ L
2
+ L
s
= 0,8 + 0,4 + 1,5 = 2,7m
Trong : L
s
: chiu di phn mng t song chn rc, L
s
=1,5m.
Chiu su xy dng ca phn mng t song chn rc:
H = h
1
+ h
s
+ h
bv
= 0,1 + 0,03 + 0,3 = 0,43m; chn H = 0,5 m
Trong :
h
1
: y mng dn, h
1
=0,1m;
h
s
: tn tht p lc song chn rc, h
s
=0,03m;
h
bv
:chiu cao bo v. Chn h
bv
=0,3m
Hm lng cht l lng (TSS) v BOD
5
ca nc thi sau khi i qua song chn rc
gim 4%, cn li:
SS = SS
(100-4)% = 170
96% = 163,2 mg/l

BOD
5
= BOD
5

(100-4)% = 230
96% = 220,8 mg/l

COD = COD x (100-4)% = 310 x 96% = 297,6 mg/l
Cc thng s thit k song chn rc
Stt Tn thng s n v S lng
1 Chiu di mng (L) m 2,7
2 Chiu rng mng m 0,2
3 Chiu su mng m 0,5
4 S thanh chn Thanh 33
5 S khe (n) Khe 32
6 Kch thc khe mm 16
7 B rng thanh (s) mm 8
8 Chiu rng thanh mm 50
9 S n nguyn ci 1
4.2 B iu ha
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 30-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
Nhim v: B iu ha c nhim v iu ha nc thi v lu lng v nng , gip
lm gim kch thc v to ch lm vic n nh cho cc cng trnh pha sau , trnh
hin tng qu ti.
Ni dung tnh ton :
Kch thc b
H thng xo trn trnh lng cn
Thi gian lu nc trong b iu ha t = 412 h.Chn t = 8 h .
Xc nh kch thc b:
Th tch b iu ha :
W = Q
h

t = 41,67
8 = 333,36 m
3
Chn chiu cao lm vic h = 4m, chiu cao bo v h
bv
= 0,5m
Chiu cao xy dng :
m h h H
bv
5 , 4 5 , 0 4 + +
Din tch mt bng b :
2
83
4
36 , 333
m
H
W
F
Kch thc b iu ha: L
H = 12,5
6 x 4,5
Hm lng BOD
5
ca nc thi sau khi i qua b iu ha gim 5%, cn li:
BOD
5
= BOD
5

(100-5)%= 220,8
95% = 209,76 mg/l

COD = COD
(100 5) % = 297,6 x 95% = 282,72mg/l

Tnh ton h thng cp kh cho b iu ha :
Lng khng kh cn thit :
trnh hin tng lng cn v ngn chn mi trong b iu ha cn cung cp mt
lng kh thng xuyn. Chn khuy trn trong b iu ha bng h thng thi kh,
lng kh nn cn thit cho khuy trn
Q
kh
= q
kk
* W = 0,013 * 333,36 * 60 = 260 (m
3
/h)=4,33 (m
3
/pht)=72,22 (L/s)
q
kk
: lng kh cn thit xo trn, q
kk
= 0,01 0,015 m
3
/m
2
.pht,
chn q
k
= 0.013 m
3
/m
2
.pht (ngun: Tnh ton cng trnh x l nc thi
Trnh Xun Lai, 2004)
W: dung tch b iu ha
ng knh ng dn kh chnh vo b iu ha:
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 31-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
D
c
=
m
V
Q
ng
kk
078 , 0
3600 15 14 , 3
260 4
3600
4
Chn ng D
c
= 0,08m=80mm
Trong :
Vn tc kh trong ng V
ng
=10-15m/s, chn V
ng
=15m/s.
B tr ng nhnh dc theo chiu ngang b, Chn khong cch gia cc ng nhnh l
1,5m, cc ng cch tng 0,5m. Khi , s ng nhnh c phn b l:
8 1
5 , 1
5 , 0 2 11
1
1
5 , 0 2
+

+

L
n

chn 8 ng nhnh
Lu lng kh trong mi ng
q
ng
=
pht) / ( 542 /h) (m 5 , 32
8
260
3
L
n
Q
kh

ng knh ng nhnh dn kh vo b iu ha
D
n
=

3600 15
4
ng
q
3600 15 14 , 3
5 , 32 4
0,027m= 27mm
Chn D
n
= 27 mm
Chn thit b Khuch tn l a phn tn (Disc diffusers),
L u l ng: Q=30-130lt/ pht; ng knh:
220mm; Hi u su t oxy ha tan 26%.
B tr 5 a d c theo 1 ng nhnh, m i a cch nhau 1,5m; a u
v a cu i cch t ng 0,5 m
Lu lng kh qua 1 a:
) / ( 4 , 90
5
452
5
pht L
q
q
ong
dia

Cc s liu dng thit k b iu ha
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 32-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
4.3. B lng 1: (b lng ngang)
Tnh ton b lng ngang
- Din tch mt thong ca b ng vi lu lng trung bnh tnh theo cng
thc :
) (m 4 , 29
34
1000
2
1
.
1

L
Q
F
gio
ng tb
- Trong :
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 33-
STT Thng s thit k n v S liu
1 Th tch b m
3
333,36
2 Chiu di m 11
3 Chiu rng m 7
4 Chiu cao m 4,5
5 Din tch b m
2
74
6 S n nguyn B 1
7 ng knh ng chnh mm 80
8 S ng nhnh phn phi kh ng 8
9 ng knh ng nhnh mm 27
10 S a phn phi trn mt ng nhnh ci 5
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
gio
ng tb
Q
.
: lu lng trung bnh ngy,
gio
ng tb
Q
.
=1000 m
3
/ng.
1
L
: ti trng thit k ng vi lu lng trung bnh ngy,
1
L
=34 m
3
/m
2
.
ngy (ly theo bng TK-4 trang 210 Sch Tnh ton cng trnh LXNT
th v CN ca Lm Minh Trit)
- Din tch mt thong ca b ng vi lu lng ln nht tnh theo cng thc :
) (m 4 , 29
34
1000
2
1
.
1

L
Q
F
gio
ng tb
Ly F
1
= 30 (m
2
)
- Trong :
ng
Q
. max
: lu lng trung bnh ngy
gio
Q
. max
=
1
L
: ti trng thit k ng vi lu lng ln nht ngy,
1
L
=85 m
3
/m
2
. ngy
(ly theo bng TK-4 trang 210 Sch Tnh ton cng trnh LXNT th v
CN ca Lm Minh Trit)
) (m 14
85
1000 2 , 1
2
1
. max
1

L
Q
F
gio
ng
So snh F
1
v F
2
, chn F=F
1
=30 (m
2
)
Bng TK-4/ 210
- Th tch ca b lng ngang t 1 c tnh theo cng thc:
) 108(m 3,6 30
3
H F V
Trong :
F : din tch mt bng b, F= 30 (m
2
)
H : chiu cao vng ly, chn H=3,6m (Theo iu 6.5.9 mc a TCXD 51-84,
chiu cao tnh ton ca vng lng H ly t 1,5-3m, trong mt s trng hp
c th ly n 4m)
- Kim tra thi gian lu nc ca b lng theo cng thc :
- Khi
gio
Q Q
. min

:
(h)
Q
V
t
gio
mib
2,59 1
67 , 41
108

Khi
gio
Q Q
. max

:
(h)
Q
V
t
gio
04 , 1
2 , 104
108
max

Chiu di cng lng chn sao cho t s L : b ln hn 3 : 1 v tnh theo cng
thc :
(h)
b n
F
L 10
3 1
30
- Chiu cao xy dng b lng ngang c tnh theo cng thc :

SVTH: Nhm 07 - 34-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
H
xd
= H + h
trung ha
+ h
cn
+ h
bo v
= 3,6+0,3+0,3+0,4=4,6m
Trong :
H: chiu cao cng tc ca b lng ngang, H=3,6m
h
trung ha
: chiu cao lp trung ha, h
trung ha
= 0,3m
h
cn
: chiu cao phn ca cn, h
cn
=0,3m
h
bo v
: Khong cch t mc nc n thnh b, h
bo v
=0,4m
- Vn tc ti hn
) / ( 064 , 0
025 , 0
10 81 , 9 ) 1 25 , 1 ( 05 , 0 8 ) 1 ( 8
2 1
4
2 1
H
s m
f
d g K
V
1
]
1
1
]
1
Vi :
K : hng s s thuc tnh cht cn K=0.04 i vi ht ct, K=0,06 i vi
ht c kh nng kt dnh. b lng t 1 x l nc thi sinh hot vi
K= 0,05 (Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh XLNT Trnh Xun Lai)
: t trng ht, chn
=1,25
G: gia tc trng trng.
d: ng knh tng ng ca ht, chn d= 10
-4
m
f: h s ma st, h s ny ph thuc vo c tnh b mt ca v h s
reynold ca ht khi lng, chn f=0,025
- Vn tc nc chy trong vng lng ng vi Q
max
:
) / ( 064 , 0 ) / ( 0027 , 0
3600 6 , 3 3
2 , 104
.
max
max
s m V s m
H B
Q
v
H
h
<

- Mng thu nc ra b tr 1 mng ngang chy sut chiu rng b (3m)
- tp trung bn lng v h thu cn u b lng ngang c thit k thit b
gt b c gii. y b c thit k vi dc i= 0,01-0,02 ngc vi
hng nc chy. Bn lng t h tp trung nh ng x c ng knh 150-
200mm di p lc thy tnh 1,5m ct nc, chn ng knh ng x, D
x
=
150m ; thi gian x bn ly bng 8h (iu 6.5.8 TCXD 51-84).
- Hiu qu kh BOD & SS:
t b a
T
R
+
Trong :
E : thi gian lu nc t=1,04 (ng vi lu lng ln nht gi)
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 35-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
a: Cc h s thc nghim. i vi BOD
5
th a= 0.018, b=0,02 ; i vi SS
th a= 0,0075, b=0,0214
=>
% 8 , 26
04 , 1 02 , 0 018 , 0
04 , 1
5

+
BOD
R
=>
% 1 , 47
04 , 1 014 , 0 0075 , 0
04 , 1
SS
R
- Hm lng BOD
5
trong hi ra khi b lng t 1:
) / ( 2 , 111 53% 209,76 = 26,8)% - (100
5 5
L mg BOD BOD
- Hm lng cht l lng tri theo nc thi ra khi b lng t 1 s l:
) / ( 5 , 6 8 53% 2 , 163 = 47)% - (100 L mg SS SS
Gi tr ny tha mn yu cu quy nh : hm lng cht l lng trong nc
thi dn n cng trnh x l sinh hc <=150mg/L
Lng bn kh sinh ra mi ngy:
G=
- Tng th tch h tp trung cn ca b lng ngang t 1 tnh theo cng thc
) ( 8,4
1000 1000 ) 95 100 (
8 35 67 , 41 12 , 57
1000 1000 ) 100 (
3
m
P
t E Q C
W
ss
c

Trong :
5 BOD
C
: Hm lng cht l lng trong nc thi ,
5 BOD
C
=
2 , 163
mg/L
Q: lu lng trung bnh gi
E: hiu sut lng, E=35%
t: thi gian gia 2 ln x cn, t=8h
P: m ca cn ti b lng t 1, P=95%
Vng nn cn
Th tch vng nn cn

v
tb
gio v
tb
gio
C H Q T C C Q T
W

) (
c
Vi :
- T : thi gian gia 2 ln x xn, (theo quy phm 6-24h) -> chn T=8h
- C : hm lng cn cn li sau khi lng (theo quy phm 10-12 mg/l)
-

: nng trung bnh ca cn nn, tra bng 3.3/78 sch XLNC
ca Nguyn Ngc Dung, chn
=25000 (mg/m
3
)
- C
v
: hm lng cn trong nc a vo b lng, C
v
= 163,2 (mg/l)
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 36-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
- H: hiu qu lng, H=75%
) (m 63 , 1
100 25000
2 , 163 75 67 , 41 8
3
c

W
Chiu cao vng nn cn :
) 0,04(m
5 , 37
63 , 1
3
c

F
W
h
c
H thng x cn
Th tch cn x cn sau 8h
V
x
=W
c
=1,63 m
3
Lng nc c pha long trong khi x cn
V=K x V
x
- Theo quy phm lu lng x = 30%-60% x V
x
, chn lu lng x l 50%
V
x
- Theo quy phm thi gian x l 20 pht.
- K : h s pha long kh x cn bng thy lc ( iu 6.5.4 TCXD 51-84)
-> K= 0,5
V=0,5 x 1,63=0,815 (m
3
)
Lu lng cn x

) / 0,0007(m
20 60
815 , 0
3
x
s
t
V
Q

Tng tit din ng x
Chn vn tc nc qua l v
x
= 1,5 m/s
) / (m 0,0005
5 , 1
0007 , 0
3 x
x
s
v
Q
S
x

ng knh ng x
) (m 0,025
14 , 3
0005 , 0 4 4
x
x

S
D
Chn ng x c ng knh D
x
=25mm
dc dy b i=0,02
H thng thu nc b mt
Tit din ng thu
Chn :
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 37-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
- Tit din ng thu ln hn lu lng tnh ton t 20-30% -> chn tit din
ng thu ln hn lu lng tnh ton 20%
- Vn tc nc chy qua ng thu v
o
theo quy phm 0,6-0,8m/s
V
0
= 0,6m/s
) / (m 0,0144 012 , 0
100
20 012 , 0
100
20
3
0
s S
S
S +
ng knh ng thu
140mm m 0,14
14 , 3
0144 , 0 4 4
0
0

S
D
Chn D
0
=200mm
Cc thng s ca b
- Chiu di ca b :
L
b
= L+ L
pp
=9,375+1=10,375m
- Hm lng BOD
5
trong hi ra khi b lng t 1:
) / ( 54 , 153 73,2% 209,76 = 26,8)% - (100
5 5
L mg BOD BOD
- Hm lng cht l lng tri theo nc thi ra khi b lng t 1 s l:
) / ( 5 , 6 8 53% 2 , 163 = 47)% - (100 L mg SS SS
B Aerotank
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 38-
1 Th tch b m
3
75
2 Chiu di m 10,375
3 Chiu rng m 4
4 Chiu cao m 3
5 Din tch b m
2
37,5
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
Nhim v: Thc hin qu trnh phn hy cc cht hu c c trong nc thi iu
kin hiu kh.
Cc thng s u vo ca b Aerotank
Stt Ch s n v
Gi tr u vo
(t b lng t 1)
Gi tr u ra
< (mg/L)
1 Lu lng m
3
/ng. 1000
2 BOD
5
mg/l 153,54 30
3 COD mg/l 282,72 -
4 SS mg/l 86,5 50
5 N_Tng mg/l 25 10
6 Tng Coliforms Kl/100ml 4,9*10
6
1000
Cc thng s tnh ton c bn cho Aerotank xo trn hon ton:
BOD
5
:COD=0,6
Nhit : t = 25
0
C
Hm lng BOD
5
u vo = lng BOD
5
u ra ca b lng t 1: S
0
= 153,54 mg/l
Lng cn l lng u vo: SS
vo
= 86,5 mg/l
COD
vao
= 282,72mg/l
Lng bn hot tnh trong nc thi u vo X
0
= 0
u ra nc thi (Theo QCVN 14 -2008/BTNMT)
Hm lng BOD
5
ra khi b Aerotank: S < 30mg/l; chn S = 20mg/l
Cn l lng: SS < 50mg/l; chon SS
ra
= 30 mg/l
Cc thng s vn hnh:
Gi s rng cht l lng trong nc thi u ra l cht rn sinh hc (bn hot tnh), hm
lng cn l lng SS
ra
= 30 mg/L gm 65% l Cn hu c
tro ca cn z = 0.3 nng cn y b lng t 2
Nng bn hot tnh; X = 2500 4000 mg/l, chn X = 3500 mg/l
Lng bn hot tnh tun hon l nng cn lng y b lng 2, X
T
= 8000mg/l
Ch xo trn hon ton
Thi gian lu bn:
5 15
c

ngy. Chon 10 ngy
H s phn hy ni bo, K
d
= 0.06 ngy
-1
i vi nc thi sinh hot
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 39-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
H s sn lng bn Y = 0,4 0,8 mg VSS/mg BOD
5
, chn Y = 0,6 VSS/mg BOD
5
tro ca cn hu c l lng ra khi b lng l 0,3 (70% l cn bay hi)
1. Tnh nng BOD
5
ha tan trong nc
BOD
5
ha tan sau lng 2 theo mi quan h
BOD
5 (ra)
= BOD
5
ha tan + BOD
5
ca cn l lng
- Lng COD ca cn l lng u ra:
Hm lng cn d phn hy sinh hc:
) / ( 9,5 1 = 30 65 , 0 L mg
- Lng cn hu c tnh theo COD (lng COD khi b oxy ha ht chuyn
thnh cn, 1mg COD tiu th 1,42 mg O
2
)
0,7 x 19,5 x (1,42 mg O
2
tiu th/mg t bo b oxy ha)=19,38 mg/L
- BOD
5
cha trong cn l lng u ra:
) / ( 63 , 1 1 = 8 3 , 9 1 6 , 0 L mg
BOD
5
ha tan cn li trong nc sau lng 2:
) / ( 8,37 11,63 - 20 C 6,6 1 C = 0 2 L mg > +
2. xc nh hiu qu x l
Hiu qu x l BOD
5
ca b Aerotank

% 95
54 , 153
37 , 8 54 , 153
100
0
0
S
S S
E
3. Xc nh th tch b Aerotank
Th tch b Aerotank c xc nh theo cng thc:
( )
( )
( )
3 0
5 , 155
10 06 , 0 1 3500
37 , 8 54 , 153 6 , 0 100 10
1
) (
m
K X
S S Y Q
W
c d
c
Trong :
c
: thi gian lu bn i vi nc thi th ,

c
=5-15 ngy. Chn

c
=10ngy;
Q : lu lng trung bnh ngy, Q =100m
3
/ng.;
Y: h s sn lng bn, Y = 0,4-0,8 mg VSS/mgBOD
5
. chn Y = 0,6 mg
VSS/mgBOD
5
;
X: nng bn hot tnh trong b, X=3500 mg/l ;
K
d
: H s phn hu ni bo. K
d
= 0,06 ngy
-1
Thi gian lu ca b:
1555 , 0
1000
5 , 155

Q
W
ngy = 3,72 h
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 40-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
Xc nh kch thc b Aerotank :
Chn chiu cao hu ch h = 3m, chiu cao bo v h
bv
= 0,5m.
Vy chiu cao tng cng ca b l: H = h + h
bv
= 3 + 0,5 = 3,5(m)
Chn chiu rng b B = 4,5m
Chiu di L ca b:
m
h B
W
L 12
3 5 , 4
5 , 155
Chn Aerotank c 4 hnh lang cng tc, nh vy chiu di mi hnh lang cng tc s
l:
m
N
L
l 3
4
12

Vy kch thc ca b Aerotank l L x B x H = 12 x 4,5m x 3,5m
Tnh ton lng bn d thi ra mi ngy
H s sn lng quan st (Y
b
) l:
0, 6
1 1 0, 06 10
b
d c
Y
Y
K

+ +
= 0,375
Lng bn sinh ra mi ngy do kh BOD
5
:
P
x
= Y
b
(
0
S S
) = 0,375
1000
(153,54-8,37)*10
-3
= 54,44(kg/ngy m)
Tng lng bn sinh ra mi ngy theo SS l:
8 , 77
3 , 0 1
44 , 54
1

z
P
P
x
ss (kg/ngy)
Lng bn d thi b mi ngy:
P
x
=P
SS
- P
ra
= 77,8 - 30 = 47,8 (kg/ngy)
Vi

P
ra
= SS
ra
* Q = 30 * 1000 *10
-3
= 30 (kg/ngy)
Xc nh lu lng bn thi
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 41-
1 Th tch b m
3
155,5
2 Chiu di m 12
3 Chiu rng m 4,5
4 Chiu cao m 3,5
5 S n nguyn b 1
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi

) / (m 6
10 5600
10 21 1000 3500 5 , 155
3
ngy
X
X Q X V
Q
c T
c ra ra
xa

Trong :
V: Th tch b Aerotank, V= 155,5 m
3
X: Nng hm lng cht bay hi (VSS) trong hn hp bn hot tnh b
Aerotank, X= 3500 mg/L
X
T
: Nng bn hot tnh trong vng tun hon (cn khng tro)
X
T
= (1 0,3)* 8000 = 5600(mg/L)
X
ra
: Nng VSS trong SS ra khi b lng
X
ra
= SS
ra
*a = 30*0,7 = 21 (mg/L)
Q
ra
: lu lng nc ra khi b lng 2, Q
ra
= 1000 m
3
/ng
Xc nh H s tun hon bn v lu lng tun hon bn
H s tun hon bn:
Phng trnh cn bng vt cht vi b Aeroten c tun hon bn:
(Q + Q
t
)*X = Q * X
0
+ Q
t
* X
t
trong : Q: Lu lng nc thi vo b, Q = 1000 m
3
/ngy
Q
t
: Lu lng bn tun hon, m
3
/ngy
X: Nng VSS trong b, X = 3500mg/l
X
0
: Nng VSS trong nc thi dn vo b
X
t
:

Nng VSS trong bn tun hon, X
t
= 8000mg/l
Chia 2 v ca phng trnh trn cho Q v t t s Q
t
/Q =
c gi l t s tun
hon), ta c:
X
t
= X+
X
Hay
78 , 0
3500 8000
3500
X X
X
T
Lu lng bn tun hon:

SVTH: Nhm 07 - 42-
B
ln
g
Aerotank
Q+ Q
t
,X Q,X
r Q, X
0
Q
t
, X
t
Q
r
, X
t
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
/h) (m /ngy = m = , = = Q Q
T
3 3
5 , 32 780 78 0 1000
Kim tra ch tiu lm vic ca b Aerotank
- Kim tra t s khi lng cht nn trn khi lng bn hot tnh F/M:

ngay kgVSS kgBOD
l mg
X
S
M F . / 28 , 0
3500 ngy 1555 , 0
/ 54 , 153
/
5
0
Trong :

vao
BOD
=153,54 mg/l
X: Hm lng SS trong b, X = 3500 mg/L
: Thi gian lu nc, = 0,1555 ngy
Gi tr ny nm trong khong cho php ca thng s thit k b (0,2-0,6
ngay kgVSS kgBOD . /
5
)
Ti trng th tch
.ngy m kgBOD
m
ngy m l mg
V
Q S
L
a
3
5
3
3
0
/ 1
5 , 155
/ 1000 / 54 , 153
Gi tr ny trong khong thng s cho php khi thit k b (0,8 -1,92 kgBOD
5
/m
3
.
ngy).(Theo ti liu thot nc ca PGS.TS Hong Vn Hu)
Xc nh lng kh cp cho Aerotank :
Lng oxy cn thit trong diu kin chun (khng cn x l nito):
( ) ( )
6 , 164 44 , 54 42 , 1
6 , 0 1000
37 , 8 54 , 153 1000
42 , 1
1000
0

x o
P
f
S S Q
OC
(kgO
2
/ng)
Trong : f : hng s chuyn i t BOD
5
sang BOD
20
hay COD,
5
20
BOD
BOD
= 0,6
1.42 h s chuyn i t t bo sang COD
P
x:
lng bn hot tnh sinh ra trong mt ngy P
x
= 55,44 (kg/ng)
Lng oxy cn thit trong iu kin thc t:

1
024 , 1
1
20
0

T
d S
S
t
C C
C
OC OC

Trong : C
S
: nng oxy bo ha trong nc 20
0
C, C
s
= 9.08 (mg/l)
C: nng oxy cn duy try trong b, C = 1,5 2 (mg/l) ( Tnh ton cng
trnh x l nc thi - Trnh Xun Lai); chn C = 2(mg/l)

: H s iu chnh lc cng b mt theo hm lng mui, i vi

nc thi thng ly
=1
T = 20
0
C, nhit nc thi
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 43-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi

: h s iu chnh lng oxy ngm vo trong nc thi( do nh hng

ca hm lng cn, cht hot ng b mt),
= 0,6 0,94; chn
=
0,7
2 , 301
7 , 0
1
024 , 1
1
2 08 . 9
08 , 9
6 , 164
20 20

t
OC
(kg/ngy)
Lng khng kh cn thit:
) / (m
OU
OC
= Q
3 t
kh
ngy f
Trong :
t
OC
: Lng oxy cn thit trong iu kin thc t,
(kg/ngy) , OC
t
2 301
f
a
: h s an ton, f
a
=1,5 2; chn f
a
= 2 (tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi
Trnh Xun Lai)
OU = Ou*h : cng sut ha tan oxy vo nc thi ca thit b phn phi tnh theo gam
oxy cho 1 m
3
khng kh.
vi Ou: ph thuc h thng phn phi kh. Chn h thng phn phi bt kh mn,(tra
bng 7 1 sch Tnh ton thit k cc cng trnh x l nc thi Trnh
Xun Lai)
Bng: cng sut ha tan oxy vo trong nc ca thit b phn phi bt kh nh v mn
iu kin th nghim
iu kin ti u iu kin trung bnh
O
u
=gO
2
/m
3
.m O
u
=gO
2
/m
3
.m
Nc sch T=20
0
C 12 10
Nc thi T=20
0
C,
= 0.7 8,5 7
Ta chn Ou= 7 (gO
2
/m
3
.m)
h: ngp nc ca thit b phn phi kh, chn h = 3(m)
Ou = 7 * 3 = 21 (gO
2
/m
3
.m)
Q
kh
=
21514 5 , 1
10 21
6 , 301
3

(m
3
/ngy)
Q
kh
= 896,4 (m
3
/h)
Tnh ton my nn kh
p lc cn thit cho h thng kh nn xc nh theo cng thc:
H
d
= h
d
+h
c
+h
f
+H
Trong :
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 44-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
h
d
: tn tht p lc do ma st dc theo chiu di ng dn(m);
h
c
: tn tht cc b(m);
h
f
: tn tht qua thit b phn phi(m);
H: chiu su hu ch ca b, H=3 (m).
Tng tn tht h
d
+h
c
thng khng vt qu 0,4m; tn tht h
f
khng qu 0,5m.
Vy p lc cn thit s l:
H
d
= h
d
+h
c
+h
f
+H =0,4+0,5+3 = 3,9(m)
p lc khng kh s l:
p =
38 , 1
33 , 10
9 , 3 33 , 10
33 , 10
33 , 10
+
d
H
at
Cng sut my nn kh tnh theo cng thc:
( ) ( )
6 , 13 33 , 0
8 , 0 102
1 38 , 1 34400
102
1 34400
29 , 0 29 , 0

q P
N (Kw)
Trong :
q : Lu lng khng kh, q =
86400
kh
Q
=
25 . 0
86400
21514
m
3
/s

: Hiu sut my nn kh;
= 0,7
0,9. chn
= 0,8
B tr h thng sc kh
ng knh ng phn phi chnh:
D
c
=
14 , 0
86400 14 , 3 15
21514 4 4
v
Q
kk
(m)
Chn D=200 (mm).
Trong :
v
: Vn tc kh trong ng dn kh chnh v = 10 15m/s.Chn
v
=10m/s (tnh
ton thit k cng trnh x l nc thi Trnh Xun Lai)
ng knh ng nhnh dn kh
Lu lng kh trong mi ng
q
ng
=
pht) / ( 1245 /h) (m 7 , 74
24 12
21514
3
L
n
Q
kh

B tr ng nhnh dc theo chiu ngang b, khong cch gia cc ng nhnh l
1m, cc ng cch tng 0,5m. Khi , s ng nhnh c phn b trong 1 ngn l:
12 1
1
5 , 0 2 3
1
1
5 , 0 2 12
+

+

n
ng
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 45-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
Tng s ng trong b l: 3*4
Vy, ng knh mi ng nhnh dn kh l:
m
v
Q
kk
049 , 0
86400 15 14 , 3 12
21514 4
12
4
= D
n

Chn D
n
= 49(mm)
Chn thit b khuch tn kh
Chn thit b khuch tn kh dng a disffuser, ng knh 225mm, din tch b mt
F=0,04 m
2
, cng thi kh Q=30-130 lt/pht = 2.2(l/s).
Lu lng kh qua 1 a:
) / ( 4 , 90
4
1662
4
pht L
q
q
ong
dia

Cc s liu dng thit k b iu ha
S a cn phn phi trong b:
n=
18
86400 2 , 2
28724
86400 2 , 2

khi
Q
a
S da l 224 ci, chia lm 4 hng, mi hng 56ci cch sn b l 0,2m v mi tm a
cch nhau 0,27 m
Thng s thit k Aerotank
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 46-
1 Chiu di b(L) m 15
2 Chiu rng b(B) m 8,4
3 Chiu cao b(H) m 6
4 Thi gian lu bn ngy 10
5 Thi gian lu nc Gi 18,55
6 ng knh ng dn kh chnh mm 300
7 ng knh ng dn kh ph mm 90
8 Cng sut my nn kh kw 49,97
9 S lng a ci 448
10 S n nguyn B 2
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
TTnh ton ng ng dn bn tun hon
ng knh ng dn bn tun hon:
mm m
v
Q
D
th
90 09 , 0
86400 14 , 3 5 , 1
780 4
3600 '
4
'

Trong :
'
v : vn tc bn chy trong ng vi iu kin bm v
b
1 - 2m/s, chn v
b
= 1,5
m/s
Q
t
: lu lng bn tun hon. Q
th
= 780 m
3
/ng
chn D
=90mm
4.4. B lng ly tm t 2
Nhim v : B lng t hai c nhim v chn gi cc bng bn hot tnh qua
x l b Aerotank v cc thnh phn tnh cht khng ho tan. Hn hp nc bn
hot tnh t b Aerotank c a lin tc sang b lng ly tm loi b bn hot tnh
trc khi dn n cng trnh x l tip theo. Nc thi c dn vo ng trung tm.
ng trung tm thit b lng ng c thit k sao cho nc khi ra khi ng trung
tm c vn tc nc i ln trong thit b chm nht (trng thi tnh), khi cc bng
cn hnh thnh c t trng ln thng c vn tc ca dng nc thi i ln s
lng xung y ca thit b lng.
S liu tnh ton b lng t 2 ly theo iu 6.5.6 v 6.5.7 Tiu chun xy dng
TCXD 51-84
- Thi gian lng ng vi Q
max
v vi x l sinh hc hon ton : t =2h
- Hm lng cht l lng trong nc thi sau b lng t hai i vi nc thi
sinh hot ly theo bng 7-15, i vi nc thi sn xut ly theo s liu thc
- nghim.
B ng 7-15.
- Thi gian
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 47-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
- lng (h)
- Hm lng cht l lng trong nc thi sinh hot t b lng t hai (mg/l)
- khi BOD ca nc thi c lm sch (mg/l) bng
- 15 20 25 50 75 100
- 0,75
- 1
- 112
- 27
- 24
- 20
- 16
- 33
- 29
- 25
- 21
- 66
- 58
- 51
- 45
- ,5
- 2
- 21
- 18
- 15
- 86
- 80
- 70
- 63
- 100
- 93
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 48-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
- 83
- 75
vi b lng t hai sau Aeroten khng qu 2 gi.
b) B lng ly tm.
Th tch ca b lng ly tm t 2:
3
max
4 , 208 2 2 , 104 m t Q W
- Din tch mi b trong mt bng:
3
83,36
5 , 2
4 , 208
m
H
W
F
Trong :
H: Chiu su vng lng H ly 1,5 5m. T l gia ng knh b v chiu
su vng lng ly 6 12. chn H=2,5m
- ng knh b c tnh nh sau:

m
F
D 10,5
14 , 3
36 , 83 4 4
- Chiu cao xy dng b:

- Chiu cao xy dng b lng ngang c tnh theo cng thc :
H
xd
= H + h
trung ha
+ h
cn
+ h
bo v
= 2,5+0,3+0,5+0,4=3,7m
Trong :
H: chiu cao cng tc ca b lng ngang, H=2,5m
h
trung ha
: chiu cao lp trung ha, h
trung ha
= 0,3m
h
cn
: chiu cao phn ca cn, h
cn
=0,5m
h
bo v
bo v
=0,4m
Th tch ngn cha bn ca b lng t 2 c tnh theo cng thc:
-
3 .
1 , 2
1 1000 1000 ) 4 , 99 100 (
2 100 67 , 41 ) 12 160 (
1000 1000 ) 100 (
100 ) (
m
n P
t Q C C
W
h tb Tr b
b

- Trong :
-
b
C
: Hm lng bn hot tnh trong nc ra khi Aerotank , g/m
3
c
th ly nh sau: vi x l sinh hc hon ton, ng vi COD sau x l
l 15, 20, 25 mg/L th
b
C
tng ng l 160, 220, 220 g/m
3
. Vy
b
C
=160 g/m
3
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 49-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
-
Tr
C
: Hm lng cht l lng tri theo nc ra khi b lng t 2,
Tr
C
=12 mg/L
- T: thi gian tch ly bn trong bn hot tnh b , t=2h
- P: m ca bn hot tnh, P=99,4%
- N: s b lng cng tc:, n=1
- Q
tb.h
: lu lng trung bnh gi ca nc thi, Q
tb.h
= 41,67 m
3
/h
x bn cn nc thi sinh hot b lng t hai i vi cc b lng sau
Aeroten bng p lc thu tnh khng nh hn 0,9m v ng knh ng dn bn
ng knh D=150-200mm
Bng 5.8 : Cc thng s thit k b lng ly tm t 2
Tnh b B nn bn
Bn hot tnh t b lng t II c m cao: 99,4%- 99,7%. Mt phn ln bn ny
c dn tr li Aerotank, phn bn cn li c gi l bn hot tnh d c dn vo
b nn bn.
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 50-
STT Tn thng s K hiu Kch thc
1 ng knh D 10 m
2 Chiu cao phn d tr H
1
0.5m
3 Chiu cao phn nc trong H
2
2m
4 Chiu cao phn cha bn H
4
2,85m
5 Chiu di ng trung tm H
5
2m
6 ng knh ng trung tm d 3,8 m
7 ng knh mng thu nc D
m
12m
8 Thi gian lng t 4,48 gi
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
Nhim v ca b nn bn l lm gim m ca bn hot tnh d bng cch nn c hc
t m thch hp (94-96%) phc v cho vic x l bn bng qu trnh phn hy
k kh b metan.
Tnh ton b nn bn ly tm bao gm cc ni dung sau:
- Hm lng bn hot tnh d c th xc nh theo cng thc:
L mg C C B
tr ll d
/ 5 , 100 12 5 , 86 3 , 1 ) (
Trong :
d
B
: Hm lng bn hot tnh d, mg/L
: h s tnh ton ly bng 1,3 khi Aerotank x l hon ton

ll
C
: hm lng cht l lng tri theo nc ra khi b lng 1,
ll
C
=86,5
mg/L
tr
C
: Hm lng bn ha tnh tri theo nc ra khi b lng t 2,
tr
C
=12 mg/L
- Lng tng bn hot tnh d ln nht (B
d.max
) c th tnh c theo cng
thc:
L mg B K B
d d
/ 6 , 115 5 , 100 15 , 1
max .

K: h s bn tng trng khng iu ha thng, K:1,15 1,2. Chn K=1,15
Lng bn hot tnh d ln nht gi c tnh theo cng thc:
h m
C
Q B P
q
d
d
/ 0,4
4000 4 , 2
1000 6 , 115 ) 6778 , 0 1 (
24
) 1 (
3 max .
max

Trong :
q
max
: lu lng bn hot tnh d ln nht, m
3
/h.
P: phn trn lng bn hot tnh tun hon v b Aerotank, P=
Q: Lu lng trung bnh ngy m ca hn hp nc thi, Q= 1000 m
3
/ng.
C
d
: Nng bn hot tnh d ph thuc vo c tnh cu bn (iu 6.10.3 TCXD
51-84), v c ly theo bng 3-12, C
d
=4000 mg/L
Vi m bn hot tnh t b lng t II v t 99,4% v vi b nn bn ly tm
c chn, m ca bn hot tnh sau khi nn t 97,3%
- Din tch ca b nn bn ly tm c tnh theo cng thc:
2
0
max
1
1,33
3 , 0
0,4
m
q
q
F
, chn F
1
=2 m
2
Trong :
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 51-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
q
o
: ti trng tnh ton ln din tch mt thong ca b nn bn, m
3
/m
2
.h v c la
chn ph thuc vo nng bn hot tnh dn vo b nn bn nh sau:
q
o
=0,5m
3
/m
2
.h ng vi nng ca bn hot tnh trong khong 1500-3000 mg/L
q
o
=0,3m
3
/m
2
.h ng vi nng ca bn hot tnh trong khong 5000-8000 mg/L
Trong trng hp ang xt: bn hot tnh c dn t b lng t 2 ng vi C
d
mg/L.
Chn q
o
= 0,3m
3
/m
2
.h.
- ng knh ca b nn bn ly tm c tnh theo cng thc:
m
n
F
D 1,6
1 14 , 3
2 4 4
F: din tch ca b nn bn, F

1
=2 m
2
n: s b nn bn c chn, n=1
- Chiu cao cng tc ca vng nn bn:
m t q H
o
2,7 9 3 , 0
Trong : t: Thi gian nn bn, c th ly theo bng 3-12. i vi b nn bn ly tm,
vi C
d
=4000 mg/L, ta c t=9-11h, chn t=9h
Chiu cao tng cng ca b nn bn ly tm:
H
tc
= H + h
1
+ h
2
+ h
3

= 2,7+1+0,3+0,4=4,4m
Trong :
H: chiu cao cng tc ca b nn bn, m
h
1
: Khong cch t y b n mc bn,

h
1
= 1m
h
2
: chiu cao lp bn v lp t thit b gt bn y :
Khi dng h thng thanh gt bn, h
2
=0,3 m
Khi dng bm ht bn, h
2
=0,7m
h
3
3
=0,4m
tc quay ca h thng thanh gt l 0,75-4h
-1
nghing y b nn bn tnh t thnh b n h thu bn nh sau:
- khi dng h thng thanh gt: i= 0,01
- khi dng bm bn : i = 0,003
Bn nn c x nh k di p lc thy tnh 0.5-1,0m
B nn bn c thit k v t v tr tng i cao cho nc sau khi tch c th
t chy tr li aerotank tip tc x l mt ln na
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 52-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
4.5. Tnh Kh trng nc thi bng Clorua vi
Nhim v: Sau cc giai on x l: c hc, sinh hc song song vi vic lm gim
nng cc cht nhim t tiu chun quy nh th s lng vi trng cng gim ng
k 90 95% . Theo tiu chun thit k (iu 6.20.1 TCXD 51-84), nc thi sau khi
x l phi c kh trng trc khi x vo ngun tip nhn. Kh trng nc thi c th
s dng cc bin php nh clo ho, zon kh trng bng tia hng ngoi, UV
Vi cng sut khng ln (Q
tk
< 1500 m
3
/ ngy m) c th dng clorua vi kh trng
B tip xc c thit k vi dng chy ziczc qua tng ngn to iu kin thun
li cho qu trnh tip xc gia clo v nc thi.
Tnh ton b tip xc vi thi gian lu nc trong b 15 pht.
Ngun: X l nc thi th v cng nghip Lm Minh Trit-Nguyn Thanh
Hng - Nguyn Phc Dn page 314.
+ Lng clo hot tnh ln nht cn thit kh trng nc thi c tnh
theo cng thc:
31 0
1000
2 104 3
1000
max
max
,
, Q a
G
.h
kg/h
Trong :
a: liu lng hot tnh ly theo iu 6.20.3 TCXD 51 84: i vi nc thi
sau x l sinh hc hon ton : a = 3 g/m
3
h
Q
. max
: lu lng ln nht gi,
h
Q
. max
= 104,2 m
3
/h
Lng clo hot tnh trung bnh kh trng nc thi c tnh theo cng thc:
125 0
1000
67 41 3
1000
,
, Q a
G
tb.h
tb

kg/h
h tb
Q
.
: lu lng trung bnh gi,
h
Q
. max
= 41,67 m
3
/h
Lng Clo S dng trong 1 ngy l: Y
a
= 0,31kg/h = 7,44 kg/ngy
Dung tch hu ch ca thng ha tan c tnh theo cng thc:
3 .
3 , 0
2 20 5 , 2 1000 1000
100 100 1000 3
1000 1000
100 100
m
n p b
Q a
W
ng tb
Trong :
ng tb
Q
. : lu lng trung bnh ngy m, ng tb
Q
. =1000 m
3
/ng.
b: Nng dung dch clorua vi, b=25%
p: Hm lng clo hot tnh trong clorua vi, p=20%
n: S ln ha trn dung dch clorua vi trong ngy m, n=2-6 ph thuc vo
cng sut trm. Chn n=2
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 53-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
th tch tng cng ca thng ha tan tnh c th tch phn lng
3
345 , 0 3 , 0 15 , 1 15 , 1 m W W
tc

Chn 02 thng ha tan, th tch mi thng l :
3
1
2 , 0
2
345 , 0
2
m
W
W
tc

Vi dung tch ny chn loi thng nha 250L, ng knh D=0,6m, chiu cao
H=1,2m) lm thng ha tan
Th tch thng ly bng 40% th tch thng ha tan:
3
08 , 0 2 , 0 4 , 0
tr
W
Chiu cao hu ch ca thng ha trn ly bng 0,25m v din tch ca thng ha
trn trn mt bng s l:

2
32 , 0
25 , 0
08 , 0
m h
Thng ha trn c dng hnh trn trn mt bng vi ng knh 0,64m v c b
tr bn trn thng ha tan c th tho ht dung dch trn xung thng ha tan.
Dung dch clorua vi s c bm nh lng a ti mng trn trn u vi
nc thi trc khi vo b tip xc.
Lng dung dch clorua vi 2,5% ln nht cung cp qua bm nh lng c tnh
theo cng thc:
pht L h L
p b
G q / 03 , 1 / 62
20
100
5 , 2
100
31 , 0
100 100
max max

Tt c cc thit b s dng cho vic kh trng nc thi u c t trong mt
phng chuyn dng trm clo. Trong trm clo cn b tr kho cha clo vi
Tnh ton mng trn
xo trn nc thi vi clo c th s dng bt k loi mng xo trn no. Thi
gian xo trn cn thc hin nhanh trong vng 1-2 pht.
Chn mng trn vch ngn c l, mng ny thng gm 2 hoc 3 ngn vi cc l
d=20-100mm.
S l trong mi ngn c xc nh theo cng thc:
13
2 , 1 ) 05 , 0 ( 14 , 3
03 , 0 4 4
2 2
. max
v d
Q
n
s
l
Trong :
s
Q
. max
: lu lng nc thi ln nht,
s
Q
. max
=0,03 m
3
/s
d: ng knh l, d= 50mm hoc d=0,05m
v: tc chuyn ng ca nc qua l, v= 1,2 m/s
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 54-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
V s l tnh ton rt nh nn ta Chn s l l 50 l
Chn s hng l theo chiu ng: n
d
=6 hng v s hng l theo chiu ngang l n
n
= 9
hng. Khong cch gia tm cc l theo chiu ngang ly bng
m d 1 , 0 05 , 0 2 2
Khong cch gia 2 l ngoi cng n cc thnh trong ca mng trn theo chiu
ngang ly bng d=0,05m.
Chiu ngang mng trn s l:
m d n d B
n
0,9 05 , 0 2 ) 1 9 ( 05 , 0 2 2 ) 1 ( 2 + +
Khong cch tm cc l theo chiu ng ca vch ngn th nht (tnh t cui mng
trn) cng ly bng 2d. khong cch t tm l ca hng ngang di cng y mng
trn ly bng d=0,05m
Chiu cao lp nc trc vch ngn th nht:
m d n d H
d
55 , 0 05 , 0 ) 1 6 ( 05 , 0 2 ) 1 ( 2
1
+ +
Chiu cao lp nc trc vch ngn th hai:
m h H H 74 , 0 19 , 0 55 , 0
2
+ +
Trong :
h: tn tht p lc qua cc l ca vch ngn th hai, c tnh theo cng thc:
m
g
v
h 19 , 0
81 , 9 2 ) 62 , 0 (
) 2 , 1 (
2
2
2
2
2
: h s lu lng,
= 0,62)
- Khong cch gia tm cc l theo chiu ng ca vch ngn th 2 c tnh
theo cng thc:
b n a H
d
+ ) 1 (
2
m
n
b H
a
d
4 1 , 0
1 5
09 , 0 65 , 0
1
2
Trong :
b: khong cch t tm l ca hng ngang di vch th nht n y mng
trn, chn
m d b 09 , 0 05 , 0 75 , 1 75 , 1

- Khong cch gia cc vch ngn c tnh theo cng thc:

m B l 1,35 9 , 0 5 , 1 5 , 1
- Chiu di tng cng ca mng trn vi vch ngn c l:
m l L 49 , 4 2 , 0 2 35 , 1 3 2 3 + +
- Chiu cao xy dng ca mng trn c tnh theo cng thc:
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 55-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
m H H H
dp
1,2 46 , 0 74 , 0
2
+ +
dp
H
: chiu cao d phng tnh t tm dy l ngang trn cng ca vch ngn
th 2 n mp trn cng ca mng trn, dp
H
=0,46m
Thi gian lu li trong mng trn c tnh bng cng thc:
pht giy
Q
L B H
t
s
22 , 1 73
03 , 0
45 , 4 9 , 0 55 , 0
. max
1

Tnh ton b tip xc

B tip xc c thit k vi dng chy ziczac qua tng ngn to iu kin thun
li cho qu trnh tip xc gia clo v nc thi. Tnh ton b tip xc vi thi gian
lu nc trong b l 30 pht.
+ Dung tch hu ch ca b :
3
. .
21 5 , 0 67 , 41 5 , 0 m Q t Q W
h tb h tb

Chiu su lp nc trong b c chn H = 1,5m
Vi chiu cao ca b l: H = 1,5+0,5 = 2m
Vi h = 0,5 l chiu cao bo v.
+ Din tch b mt ca b tip xc:
14
5 , 1
21

H
W
F
m
2
Chn b tip xc gm 3 ngn, kch thc mi ngn l :
2
6 2 , 1 5 m B L
Tng din tch ca 03 ngn s l :
2
18 6 3 6 3 m >14 m
2
+ Chiu di tng cng:
m
B
F
L 15
2 , 1
18

(cha bao gm b dy ca tng v
vch ngn)
Vi b dy vch ngn b = 0,1m
4.6. B cha bn
Nhim v: Tch bt nc do mt phn bn hot tnh t b lng 2 a vo, lm gim s
b m ca bn, to iu kin thun li cho cc qu trnh x l bn phn tip theo.
Lng bn d thi b t b lng t hai: q = 0,72m
3
/ngy
Chon thi gian u bun la 3 ngay cho mot lan lay em
thai bo. Vay dien tch toi thieu cua be cha bun la:
241,4*3=723,6 m
3
Kch thc xay dng be : L x B x H = 15mx5,5mx8,5 m
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 56-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
Chng 5
TNH TON KINH T CC CNG TRNH N V
5.1. Chi ph xy dng (S
1
)
STT Hng mc quy cch S lng
Th tch
(M
3
)
n gi
(VND)
Thnh tin
(VND)
1 Song chn rc 2 - 15,000,000 30.000.000
2 B iu ha 1 2333,36 1.300.00 3.033.368.000
3 B Aerotank 1 692,85 1.300.00 1.801.410.000
4 B lng 2 1 1059,75 1.500.00 2.755.350.000
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 57-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
5 B kh trng 1 701.25 1.000.00 701.250.000
TNG CNG 8.321.378.000
5.2. Phn my mc thit b (S2)

STT Tn thit b V S
lng
n gi Thnh tin
(VND)
1
B gom:
3 bm nc thi hot
ng lun phin
Ci
3 25.000.000 75.000.000
2 B iu ha:
3 bm nc thi hot
ng lun phin
Ci
3 18.000.000 54.000.000
Gin ng phn phi kh 1 46.000.000 46.000.000
3 B Aerotank
a thi kh a 448 400.000 179.200.000
My thi kh Ci 3 105.000.000 315.000.000
Bn hot tnh Ln 1 20.000.000 20.000.000
4 B lng 2
ng trung tm inox ng 2 21.000.000 42.000.000
Mng rng ca inox 2 18.000.000 36.000.000
Bm tun hon bn Ci 3 15.000.000 45.000.000
Moto & thanh gt bn Ci 2 25.000.000 50.000.000
5 B kh trng
Bm ha cht kh trng Ci 2 7.000.000 14.000.000
6
T in iu khin t ng
bng lp trnh PLC
T
1 200.000.000 200.000.000
8
H thng ng ng ,van,
co
-
1 150.000.000 150.000.000
9 Chi ph khc gm:
Chi ph vn chuyn
- 1 150.000.000 150.000.000
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 58-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
Chi ph phn tch mu

Chi ph lp t
Chi ph vn hnh
Chi ph bn giao cng
ngh
Tng 1.376.200.000
5.3. Chi ph in nng (S
3
)
Chi ph in nng tnh cho 01 ngy (hot ng 24 gi)
n gi in: 1300 /KW
STT Thit b
S lng
hot ng
Cng
sut
S gi
hot
ng
Tng in
nng
(KWh/ngy)
1 My nn kh 1 2,22KW 24 53.28
2 Bm nc 2 1,5KW 24 72
3 Bm bn 1 0,4KW 6 2.4
4 Mt khuy 1 0,37 KW 24 4.88
5 Bm nh lng kh
trng
1 0,00037kw 24 0.0089
Tng(S3) 132.56
Vy tng chi ph in nng mt ngy l: S
3
= 132.56 x 2000 = 265.120 (ng/ngy).
5.4. Chi ph ha cht s dng trong 1 ngy (S4):
Ho cht
Khi lng
kg/ngy
n gi Thnh tin(VN)
Chlorine 0.29 27,000 7.830
5.5. D ton chi ph xy dng h thng x l nc thi sinh hot cng sut
7.000m
3
/ngy m:
S1 + S2 = 8.321.378.000 + 1.376.200.000 = 9.697.578.000VND
5.6. Chi ph x l cho 1m
3
nc thi sinh hot cng sut 7.000m
3
/ngy m:
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 59-
3
/ NG.M
GVHD: V Hng Thi
(S3 + S4) =265.120+7.830=272.950 vn/ngy
KT LUN & KIN NGH
SVTH: Nhm 07 - 60-

Thuyet - Minh - Do - An NC Thai - Finish

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TNH TON - THIT K HT XLNT SINH HOT CNG SUT 1000M

chn s khe l 33, s thanh song chn rc l 32

: h s sc cn cc b ca song chn c xc nh theo cng thc:

: gc nghing ca song chn so vi hng dng chy,

: gc nghing ch m rng, thng ly

96% = 163,2 mg/l

96% = 220,8 mg/l

95% = 209,76 mg/l

(100 5) % = 297,6 x 95% = 282,72mg/l

- Chiu cao xy dng b lng ngang c tnh theo cng thc :

: t trng ht, chn

: thi gian lu bn i vi nc thi th ,

=5-15 ngy. Chn

Lu lng bn tun hon:

: H s iu chnh lc cng b mt theo hm lng mui, i vi

: h s iu chnh lng oxy ngm vo trong nc thi( do nh hng

= 0,6 0,94; chn

: Hiu sut my nn kh;

- Chiu cao xy dng b:

: h s tnh ton ly bng 1,3 khi Aerotank x l hon ton

F: din tch ca b nn bn, F

Tnh ton b tip xc

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