1.0 Introduction 1.

1 Definition of Open Source Software

Open source software is a software in which all of its components, including user interface,resources, and codes are available to everyone, free of charge. The license to own anddistribute open source software should always remain free of charge and royalty free toanyone. The program must include source code, and must allow distribution in source code aswell as compiled form. If the codes are not available for direct distribution, it must beavailable from another free source, such as downloading from the Internet without charge.The source code is allowed to be altered or changed in any form by anyone who wants to.The license of open source software must not discriminate against anyone or any group inanyway. The license must not place restrictions on other software that is distributed alongwith the licensed software. For example, the license must not insist that all other programsdistributed on the same medium must be open-source software.

1.2 Definition of hardware

Hardware are the physical components that makes up a computer system. There are manydifferent kinds of hardware that can be installed inside, and connected to the outside, of acomputer. Different hardware plays a different role in making a complete computer system,such as motherboard, RAM (Random Access Memory), and hard disks.

1.3 Definition of software

Software are components that we cannot touch and feel, but can only see it. Software are alsoimportant components to run a computer. Software is installed on a hardware medium, suchas hard disks and pendrives. It is the combination of instructions and data, known as machinecode that forms the building blocks of applications such as Word Processor, Computer Gameor Spreadsheet. This machine code lives in the memory of the computer as billions of little onoff switches.

2.0 The Latest Open Source Operating System (OS) -2.1 Meaning of open source OS
An Operating System (OS) is a program that manages all the other programs in a computer after being initially loaded into the computer by a boot program. An OS can multitask various other software can run inside it at the same time. It manages the sharing of internalmemory among multiple applications. It also handles input and output to and from attachedhardware devices, such as hard disks, printers, and dial-up ports. On computers that can provide parallel processing, an operating system can manage how to divide the program sothat it runs on more than one processor at a time.An open source OS is an operating system in which it can be obtained for free of charge,including its source codes. A user is allowed to use the OS or alter and change it in any wayfor free.

-2.2 Examples of open source OS

Linux - It is an Unix-like computer operating system using the Linux kernel. Linux can beinstalled on various platforms, ranging from computers and PDAs up to mainframes andservers. All the source code can be used, freely modified, and redistributed, bothcommercially and non-commercially, by anyone under the open source software license.Users can interact and operate Linux using command-line interface (CLI), or graphical-user interface (GUI).ReactOS - This operating-system is Aleksey Bragins (project coordinator) attempt to clonethe looks and feel of Microsofts Windows XP operating system. His attempt started back in1998 to duplicate Microsofts Windows 98. Like Linux, the React OS is available to use for free, as well as its source codes for development. It is stated that React OS is a drop-in opensource replacement for Windows XP. It is mainly written in C language, ported to the ARMand AMD64 processor architectures, and partially implements Windows API (application programming interfaces) function

3.0 The Latest Open Source Application Software -3.1 Meaning of Open Source Application Software
Application software can be divided into two general classes: systems software andapplications software. Systems software consists of low-level programs that interact with thecomputer at a very basic level. This includes operating systems, compilers, and utilities for managing computer resources. In contrast, applications software (also called end-user programs) includes database programs, word processors, and spreadsheets. In another words, pplications software sits on top of systems software because it is unable to run without theoperating system and system utilities

-3.2 Examples of Open Source Application Software

OpenVPN - A full-featured open source SSL VPN solution that accommodates a wide rangeof configurations, including remote access, site-to-site VPNs, Wi-Fi security, and enterprise-scale remote access solutions with load balancing, failover, and access-controls. OpenVPN isa cheap and lightweight alternative to other VPN technologies that is well-targeted for theSME and enterprise markets. The OpenVPN security model is based on SSL, the industrystandard for secure communications via the internet. It uses OSI layer 2 or 3 secure network extension using the SSL/TLS protocol, supports flexible client authentication methods basedon certificates, smart cards, and/or 2-factor authentication, and allows user or group-specificaccess control policies using firewall rules applied to the VPN virtual interface.KTouch A software application written for the KDE SC desktop environment that teachesstudents the method of touch typing. It comes with lessons for many different keyboardlayouts across many different languages. It also has exercises for learning to use a number pad. As the user types, it keeps real-time statistics of how well they do. If the user does wellenough, KTouch moves up to the next lesson. The user can also manually advance to the nextlesson themselves. KTouch is user customizable. The user can set how well they must do inorder to advance to the next lesson, add new layouts and languages, and change the lessonswith the built-in editor. There is also a statistics window which contains a histogram of theuser's typing speed, in words per minute or characters per minute, and many other statistics.The statistics window also keeps track of how well the user does on individual keys so theyknow which keys they need to practice

4.0 The Latest Development in ICT -4.1 Hardware Razer DeathAdder Gaming Mouse:Specifications: 3500dpi Razer Precision 3.5G infrared sensor Ergonomic right-handed design 1000Hz Ultrapolling / 1ms response Five independently programmable Hyper response buttons On-The-Fly Sensitivity adjustment Always-On mode Ultra-large non-slip buttons 16-bit ultra-wide data path 60120 inches per second and 15g of acceleration zero-acoustic Ultraslick mouse feet Gold-plated USB connector Seven-Foot, lightweight, braided fibre cable Approximate size: 128mm (length) x 70mm (width) x 42.5mm (height)