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Wavelet Menus 1

Wavelet

The Wavelet option is accessible from most Hampson-Russell applications. It includes several features to extract, display, change and manage wavelets. The options available under this pullDown menu are:
Display Current Wavelet: This option shows all the wavelets created in the Wavelet Database. Set Current Wavelet: This option displays a list of all of the wavelets that are stored in the

wavelet database and allows you to select the active wavelet.


Extract Wavelet: This option extracts and stores wavelet by two methods, Use well and Statistical. Create Bandpass Wavelet: This option allows you to define and create a bandpass Wavelet. Create Ricker Wavelet: This option allows you to create a Ricker Wavelet. Multi-well Analysis: This option enables the option to examine the quality of the ties between

synthetic and seismic at selected well for a given wavelet.


Display Wavelet Tool: This tool allows you to view all the wavelets created in the wavelet

database, and include wavelet management options to export, import, edit or delete, between other.
Synthetic Polarity: This menu allows you to define the polarity convention of the wavelet.

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Display Current Wavelet

The Display Wavelet window shows all of the wavelets that are present in the wavelet database. The tabs across the top allow you to select a wavelet, and the tabs along the right side control whether the window shows the time response, the amplitude and phase spectra, or the wavelet extraction history.
File/Hardcopy: Create a CGM plot file showing the contents of this window. File/Exit: Close the Display Wavelet window.

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Wavelet Menus 3

View / Display Options

The Curve Display menu is used to set parameters for the current display. The items are:
Plot title: This sets the title that will be displayed at the top of the window. This may be more

than one line.


Legend: This item toggles between Shown and Unshown. It controls the display of the

legend at the bottom of the plot, showing the types of data being plotted.
X/Y Axis Settings: Direction: This item toggles between two states: Forward: X increasing to the right (Y increasing upwards) Reversed: X increasing to the left (Y increasing downwards) Grid: This item determines the frequency with which grid lines are displayed. There are three settings: Fine, Coarse, and Unshown.

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Range: This toggle has two settings: Unscrolled: This means that the display is automatically scaled to fill the

window within the appropriate direction (X or Y). Note that the aspect ratio between scales for the X and Y axes will not be preserved in most cases. Scrolled: This means that a fixed plot dimension is used for this direction. The scale is specified in the next parameter, Units/Inch.
Minimum/Maximum: These items set the range of X or Y values to be plotted. Any

points outside this range will not be plotted.


Zoom/Unzoom: This option will change both the amplitude and time scales by dragging the cursor drawing a rectangle on the area to zoom. Unzoom will restore the

original scales in the window.

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Wavelet Menus 5

Set Current Wavelet

This menu appears when the Set Current Wavelet option is selected on the Wavelet pullDown menu. The menu displays a list of all of the wavelets that are stored in the wavelet database. If you highlight the name of one of the wavelets, and then click on the Set Current Wavelet button, it will become the active wavelet that will be used in all processes that require a wavelet, such as synthetic generation or deconvolution.

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Extract Wavelet / Use Well

This menu appears when the Extract Wavelet/Use Well command is chosen on the Wavelet pullDown menu. This option is used to extract and store a wavelet, which will then be used for any process requiring a wavelet. This algorithm uses both the available wells and the seismic data near those wells. It extracts the wavelet by finding the operator which, when convolved with the reflectivity from the well, closely approximates the nearby seismic traces. This procedure has the ability to extract the actual wavelet phase from the data, but it is very sensitive to the quality of the correlation between well logs and seismic data.

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Wavelet Menus 7

The number of wavelets extracted by this procedure depends on the number of wells used in the extraction. There will be a single average wavelet for all the wells, and you can also save one extracted wavelet for each well. There can be only one current wavelet for subsequent processes, and the average wavelet for all wells usually is preferred. However, since the individual wavelets may also be saved, you may select one of them by using the Wavelet/Set Current Wavelet command.
Select Wells To Use For Wavelet Extraction: This item determines which wells will be used

in the wavelet extraction process. There are two list boxes on this menu. One is called
Available Wells and this box contains the name of all wells present in the project. The second box is called Wells to Use and this contains the names of those wells that will be used in the current extraction. You must select one or more wells from the Available Wells list and move them to the Wells to Use list. To select a well within the Available Wells list, highlight its name and click on Add >>. To select all the available wells, click on Add All >>. To remove a well from the Wells to Use box, select it with the mouse and click on << Delete.

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The Composite Trace Extraction Parameters menu is used to extract a single trace from one SEGY volume, at each well location. The single trace may be a composite or average of a group of traces around the well location. It is assumed that the mapping of well locations to seismic Inline and Xline has been done previously. The Select volume to use box is used to select the seismic volume to extract traces from. This box contains the names of all SEGY data sets that have been entered into this project.
Time From/To: These fields are used to select a time range of the seismic volume to extract

samples from. If the wavelet extraction window is opened from AVO, and the wavelet extraction is done on pre-stack seismic data, this menu will show the option below:

Offset selection option: This option has two selections: Offset Range, for which offset ranges need to be specified. The selection Nearest Offset enables the option Nearest Offset Traces. You will provide the number of traces to consider for the nearest offset. Capture option: This option determines how traces will be accessed around the borehole location and contains two choices. Neighbours means that all traces whose inline

number and xline number are within a specified number of traces from the borehole will be used. The radius is the Neighbourhood radius in the next field. For example, if the Neighbourhood radius is set to 3, then all traces whose inline and xline numbers are less than or equal to 3 away from the borehole will be used, regardless of the distance between traces. If the Neighbourhood radius is set to 0, then only the single nearest trace will be used. If more than one trace is accessed, the final composite trace will be the average of all traces within the neighbourhood. This option is not recommended for deviated wells. The other option, Distance, means that the capture radius will be specified in distance units, (meters or feet). For this option, the radius is entered in the field Capture distance from wells. This option also implies that the traces that are used in the averaging will be weighted by inverse distance. For example, if there are three traces within the capture distance, T1, T2, and T3, the final composite trace will be: TC = (W1*T1 + W2*T2 + W3*T3) / (W1 + W2 + W3) The weights, Wi, are given by the inverse distance formula:

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Wavelet Menus 9

Wi = 1 / distN where dist is the distance from trace i to the composite trace location, and N is an exponent specified in the field Exponent value. For deviated wells, the composite trace will be averaged along the borehole trajectory using these equations. The final option for deviated wells is to activate the option, specified at the bottom of the menu, which uses the distance parameters for all deviated wells, but for vertical wells, extracts the single trace at the well location.
Set wells to seismic mapping: This button displays the Well Map Table menu, allowing you

to redefine the X and Y coordinates or the inline/xline location of the wells.

The Correlation Calculation Window menu allows you to define the range over which correlations will be calculated. The default is use the same time window as the composite trace extraction. You may also select a target zone, defined by any combination of times, horizons, or horizons plus a time shift.

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The options available on the Wavelet Parameters page of this menu are:
Wavelet Name: This box allows you to specify a name for this wavelet, enabling it to

be stored and recovered later. Note that the program will provide a default, but you may wish to specify a more descriptive name.
Existing Wavelets: This list shows you the name for of all the wavelets that have been

extracted for this project. If you select a name of another wavelet, the original wavelet will be overwritten by the new extracted wavelet.
Wavelet length: This is the length of the extracted wavelet, in milliseconds. If a taper

is applied in the next field, it will act within this specified wavelet length.
Taper length: This is the taper length, in milliseconds, that will be applied to the

extracted wavelet. The taper is a cosine taper with this specified length applied at both start and end of the wavelet.

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Extraction Type: The choices on this item control how the wavelet will be extracted. The Full Wavelet option uses the well log to determine the phase of the wavelet, the Constant Phase option constrains the wavelet to a constant linear phase spectrum, and the Roy White Algorithm uses a technique developed by White to

extract the wavelet amplitude and phase.


Save Extracted Intermediate Wavelets at Each Well: When this toggle is selected,

the wavelet extraction process will save the extracted wavelet at each well location, in addition to the average wavelet for all of the wells.

The Roy White Parameters menu will only appear when you select the Roy White Algorithm as the Extraction Type on the previous menu.
Scanning Length: This parameter determines the maximum allowable range over which the

algorithm can search for an optimum fit between the input reflectivity and the seismic trace. This parameter is currently hard-wired to 100ms, meaning that the program can search for a fit by shifting the reflectivity between -50ms and +50ms from the input calibrated location.

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Papouilis Lag Window Length: This parameter is hard-wired to a value equal to twice the

wavelet length, which has been specified on a previous menu page.


Relative Variance ratio: For details about this parameter, please refer to Walden, A.T. and

White, R.E., 1998. Seismic wavelet estimation: a frequency domain solution to a geophysical noisy input-output problem, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 36, 287-297.
White Noise Factor: This is the pre-whitening factor that is used to the prevent instability in

the calculation of the coherence function.


Diagnostic Listing to Console: When you perform a wavelet extraction using the Roy White

algorithm, you can also choose the level of diagnostics that you would like to generate. Your choices are None; Short, which lists the values of the PEP, RMSE, and BW parameters for each well; and Long, which provides extensive details. Note that if you start the programs by selecting an item from a menu, rather than typing a command in a terminal window, the diagnostic listings will not be returned to a console. If you want to see a more detailed description of these parameters, please refer to the Roy White Algorithm theory.

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Wavelet Menus 13

The Wavelet Extraction Summary menu is the final menu that appears when you select the Extract Wavelet/Use Well process. The Process Information box is generated automatically, and shows a description of the range of data and the wavelet extraction parameters. The User Description box will be blank initially, but it provides you with a simple text editor, where you can add additional comments. The information on this menu is used to provide the history information for the extracted wavelet.

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Extract Wavelet / Statistical

The Volume Range Specification menu is the first menu that appears after selecting the Extract Wavelet/Statistical option. The Input Volume option menu displays the name of the seismic volume shown in the current window. Since this process uses only a single volume as input, if you have loaded more than one volume, you must choose the volume to be used. The remaining parameters on this page allow you to use a subset of the original seismic data as the input to the process. By default, all parameters are set to use the entire seismic data, but you may choose to window the data by specifying any combination of Time, Offset, Xline, and Inline ranges. You may also further restrict the input to every Nth Xline or Inline, by entering a number into the increment field for these parameters. To select an Azimuth range, you must first turn on the Use toggle to enable these fields.

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The Extraction Window menu allows you to define the range over which correlations will be calculated. The default is use the same time window as on the previous menu. You may also select a target zone, defined by any combination of times, horizons, or horizons plus a time shift.

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The algorithm used in this procedure does not use the well logs, but uses only a selected subset of seismic traces. It extracts the wavelet amplitude spectrum by analyzing the autocorrelation of a set of traces over a selected time window. In this procedure, the phase of the wavelet cannot be determined from the data itself, so you must supply the phase. The act of extracting a new wavelet automatically sets the new wavelet to be the current wavelet and shows the wavelet in a Display Wavelet window.

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Wavelet Parameters: Wavelet Name: This box allows you to specify a name for this wavelet, enabling it to

be stored and recovered later. Note that the program will provide a default, but you may wish to specify a more descriptive name.
Wavelet Length: This will be the length of the extracted wavelet in milliseconds. If a

taper is applied in the next field, it will act within this specified wavelet length.
Taper Length: This sets the length (in milliseconds) of the taper that will be applied to

the extracted wavelet. The taper is a cosine taper with this specified length applied at both the start and end of the wavelet.
Phase Rotation: This parameter controls the phase that will be applied to the statistical wavelet, when the Phase Type parameter is set to Constant Phase. Phase Type: Since this extraction method cannot determine the phase, you must choose whether the extracted wavelet will be either Constant Phase or Minimum Phase.

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The Process Volume Range Information menu is the final menu that appears when you select the Extract Wavelet/Statistical process. The Process Range Information box is generated automatically, and shows a description of the range of data and the wavelet extraction parameters. The User Description box will be blank initially, but it provides you with a simple text editor, where you can add additional comments. The information on this menu is used to provide the history information for the extracted wavelet.

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Create Bandpass Wavelet

The New Bandpass Wavelet dialog appears when you select the Create Bandpass Wavelet option. This window consists of four panels that show the parameters used to define a bandpass wavelet, the time response of the wavelet, the phase response of the wavelet, and the frequency response of the wavelet. As any of the parameters are changed, the responses will be updated automatically. Under Bandpass Wavelet Parameters, the items are:
Low Cut:Low Pass:High Pass:High Cut: These four parameters set the corner

frequencies of the trapezoidal filter used to define the wavelet.


Phase Rotation: Apply a phase rotation, in degrees, to the wavelet. Sample Rate: Define the sample rate, in milliseconds, of the new wavelet.

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Phase Type: The wavelet may be have either a minimum or linear phase rotation. If the Linear Phase option is chosen, the phase is defined by the Phase Rotation

parameter.
Wavelet length: Set the length, in milliseconds, of the wavelet. Wavelet Name: The name that will be used to identify the wavelet in the wavelet

database.

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Create Ricker Wavelet

The New Ricker Wavelet dialog appears when you select the Create Ricker Wavelet option. This window consists of four panels that show the parameters used to define a Ricker wavelet, the time response of the wavelet, the phase response of the wavelet, and the frequency response of the wavelet. As any of the parameters are changed, the responses will be updated automatically. Under Ricker Wavelet Parameters, the items are:
Dominant Frequency: The frequency at which the frequency response of the wavelet

has maximum amplitude.


Phase Type: The wavelet may be have either a minimum or linear phase rotation. If the Linear Phase option is chosen, the phase is defined by the Phase Rotation

parameter.

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Phase Rotation: Apply a phase rotation, in degrees, to the wavelet. Sample Rate: Define the sample rate, in milliseconds, of the new wavelet. Wavelet length: Set the length, in milliseconds, of the wavelet. Wavelet Name: The name that will be used to identify the wavelet in the wavelet

database.

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Multi-well Analysis

This menu appears when the Multi-well Analysis command is chosen on the Wavelet pullDown menu. This option is used to allow you to examine the quality of the ties between synthetic and seismic at selected well for a given wavelet.
Select Wells To Use For Wavelet Analysis: This item determines which wells will be used in

the wavelet extraction process. There are two list boxes on this menu. One is called
Available Wells and this box contains the name of all wells present in the project. The second box is called Wells to Use and this contains the names of those wells that will be used in the current extraction. You must select one or more wells from the Available Wells list and move them to the Wells to Use list. To select a well within the Available Wells list, highlight its name and click on Add >>. To select all the available wells, click on Add All >>. To remove a well from the Wells to Use box, select it with the mouse and click on Delete <<.

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The Composite Trace Extraction Parameters menu is used to extract a single trace from one SEGY volume, at each well location. The single trace may be a composite or average of a group of traces around the well location. It is assumed that the mapping of well locations to seismic Inline and Xline has been done previously. The Select volume to use box is used to select the seismic volume to extract traces from. This box contains the names of all SEGY data sets that have been entered into this project.
Time From/To: These fields are used to select a time range of the seismic volume to extract

samples from.

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If the Multi-well Analysis selection is opened from AVO, and the wavelet extraction is done on pre-stack seismic data, this menu will show the option below:

Offset selection option: This option has two selections: Offset Range, for which offset ranges need to be specified. The selection Nearest Offset enables the option Nearest Offset Traces. You will provide the number of traces to consider for the nearest offset. Capture option: This option determines how traces will be accessed around the borehole location and contains two choices. Neighbours means that all traces whose inline

number and xline number are within a specified number of traces from the borehole will be used. The radius is the Neighbourhood radius in the next field. For example, if the Neighbourhood radius is set to 3, then all traces whose inline and xline numbers are less than or equal to 3 away from the borehole will be used, regardless of the distance between traces. If the Neighbourhood radius is set to 0, then only the single nearest trace will be used. If more than one trace is accessed, the final composite trace will be the average of all traces within the neighbourhood. This option is not recommended for deviated wells. The other option, Distance, means that the capture radius will be specified in distance units, (meters or feet). For this option, the radius is entered in the field Capture distance from wells. This option also implies that the traces that are used in the averaging will be weighted by inverse distance. For example, if there are three traces within the capture distance, T1, T2, and T3, the final composite trace will be: TC = (W1*T1 + W2*T2 + W3*T3) / (W1 + W2 + W3) The weights, Wi, are given by the inverse distance formula: Wi = 1 / distN where dist is the distance from trace i to the composite trace location, and N is an exponent specified in the field Exponent value. For deviated wells, the composite trace will be averaged along the borehole trajectory using these equations. The final option for deviated wells is to activate the option, specified at the bottom of the menu, which uses the distance parameters for all deviated wells, but for vertical wells, extracts the single trace at the well location.
Set wells to seismic mapping: This button displays the Well Map Table menu, allowing you

to redefine the X and Y coordinates or the inline/xline location of the wells.

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The Correlation Calculation Window menu allows you to define the range over which correlations will be calculated. The default is use the same time window as the composite trace extraction. You may also select a target zone, defined by any combination of times, horizons, or horizons plus a time shift.

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The options available on the Wavelet Selection page of this menu are:
Wavelet Selected: This box displays the name of the wavelet that will be used for the

analysis.
Existing Wavelets: This list shows you the names of all the wavelets that are available

in this project.

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The Wavelet Analysis Summary menu is the final menu that appears when you select the Multi-well Analysis process. The Process Information box is generated automatically, and shows a list of the wells to be analyzed and the parameters used to extract a composite trace at each well. The User Description box will be blank initially, but it provides you with a simple text editor, where you can add additional comments.

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The Analysis Plot window shows two tracks for each of the wells that were analyzed. The first track shows the computed impedance log, while the second overlays the synthetic generated with the selected wavelet onto the extracted composite trace. The label over the second track shows the computed correlation between the synthetic and seismic traces.

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File
Hardcopy: Creates CGM hardcopy plot files. For further information on the use of the CGM File option, please refer to Hardcopy. Exit: This option exits the Analysis Plot window.

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View / Display Options

The Analysis Display menu is used to set parameters for the Analysis Plot window.
Width of Seismic/Impedance Track: Set the width, in inches, of the track displaying the

seismic traces or the impedance log.


Minimum/Maximum Impedance Value: Specify the lower and upper limits of the amplitude

scale for the impedance track. The time scale of the Analysis Plot window can either be variable with the window size (Show the Complete Time Range Unscrolled) or fixed to a specific scale (Show with a Time Scale). You also have options to set line thickness and color for the impedance logs, the synthetic traces, the composite seismic traces, the limits of the correlation window, and the grid.

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View/Correlation Plot

The Correlation Plot window provides a graphical display of the correlation between the synthetic trace and the composite trace for each well that was selected for analysis.

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Option
Change Wavelet: This option allows you to select another wavelet and apply it to the Analysis Plot.

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Change Correlation window: This selection opens the Change Analysis Window Menu, which allows you to modify the start and end values in the table.

Edit: This selection allows you to lock columns, lock rows or lock the entire list. Option: This selection set up predefined analysis windows.

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Display Wavelet Tool

The Wavelet Tool window shows all of the wavelets that are present in the wavelet database. The icon shown in red is the current wavelet.
File/Set Current Wavelet: Select one of the wavelets in the wavelet database to be the current

wavelet.
File/New Wavelet: Create a new Ricker Wavelet or Bandpass Wavelet. File/Export Wavelet: Export a wavelet from the wavelet database to either an ASCII or SEGY

format file.
File/Import Wavelet: Load a wavelet file in either ASCII or SEGY format into the wavelet

database.
File/Synthetic Polarity: Set the polarity convention to be used for the calculation of synthetics.

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Wavelet Tool / File / Export Wavelet

The Export Wavelet(s) menu appears when you select File/Export Wavelet from the Wavelet Tool, or these options from the top/side bar menu: File/Data Manager/ Export Data/ Wavelet or Data Manager/Export Data/ Wavelet. This menu allows you to write out a wavelet from the current wavelet database into a file. This file will contain a series of numbers that are the sample values of the wavelet.
Wavelet to export: This is the list of all wavelets in the database. You must choose one of

these to be exported by clicking on its name.


Directory to Export: The upper field displays the name of the directory where the program will

write your wavelet file. You can change directories graphically by double clicking on the name of a subdirectory in the lower box to move downwards, and by clicking on the folder icon to move upwards. Alternatively, you can also simply enter the name of the new directory.
File Name to Export: This is the name of the file that will be created. Format to export: The exported wavelet file can have the wavelet samples in either ASCII or SEGY format.

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Wavelet Tool / File / Import Wavelet

The Import Wavelet(s) menu appears when you select Import Wavelet on the File pullDown menu, or these options from the top/side bar menu: File/Data Manager/ Import Data/ Wavelet or Data Manager/Import Data/ Wavelet. This menu allows you to read a file containing the samples of a wavelet that will be loaded into the wavelet database.

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Current Directory: The upper field displays the name of the directory where the program is

looking for your wavelet files. You can change directories graphically by double clicking on the name of a subdirectory in the lower box to move downwards, and by clicking on the folder icon to move upwards. Alternatively, you can also simply enter the name of the new search directory.
Filter: This field allows to either select a file filter, such as the extension asc for an ASCII file,

or to enter your desired filter.


Files: The box on the left contains all of the files found in the Current Directory that match the Filter. To load a file, you must transfer its name into the box on the right, by clicking on it and then pressing the Add >> button. Format to import: The file that contains the wavelet samples may be written in either ASCII or SEGY format. Name for imported wavelet: The name that will be used to identify the wavelet in the wavelet

database.

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Wavelet Tool / File / Synthetic Polarity

The Synthetic Polarity Convention menu appears when you select Synthetic Polarity on the File pullDown menu. This menu allows you to define your polarity convention.
Synthetic Polarity Convention: This option sets the polarity convention to be used for the calculation of synthetics. The choices are: Peak = Increase in Acoustic Impedance and Peak = Decrease in Acoustic Impedance (SEG Standard).

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Wavelet Tool / View


Arrange Icons: This option allows you to arrange the different wavelet icons in the Wavelet

Tool.
View by Icon: Display the wavelets with icons. View By name: Display the wavelets with names. Sort by Names A - Z/ Z A: This option allows you to sort the wavelets in alphabetical order.

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Wavelet Tool / Edit


Edit/Delete Wavelet: Remove the selected wavelet from the wavelet database. Edit/Edit Phase: Display sample values of the wavelet time, frequency, or phase response. Edit/Rename Wavelet: Change the name of the selected wavelet. Edit/Copy Wavelet: Make a copy of the selected wavelet.

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Edit Phase

The Edit Wavelet dialog appears when you select Edit Phase on the Edit pullDown menu. This window consists of four panels that show the sample values of the wavelet, the time response of the wavelet, the frequency response of the wavelet, and the phase response of the wavelet.
Phase rotation: Apply a phase rotation, in degrees, to the wavelet. There are two ways to set

the phase rotation: 1) Enter a value into the text field. 2) Move the rotation slider bar.

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Show wavelet samples: Show the actual values plotted on the three response curves on the

right half of this dialog.


Show Amplitudes in Time Domain: When this toggle is selected, the table

shows the time/amplitude pairs from the time response of the wavelet.
Show Amplitudes in Frequency Domain: When this toggle is selected, the

table shows the frequency/amplitude pairs from the amplitude spectrum of the wavelet. Show Phase in Frequency Domain: When this toggle is selected, the table shows the frequency/phase pairs from the phase spectrum of the wavelet.

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