A Beginners Guide to Blood Cells, 2nd Edition Barbara J.

Bain Copyright 1996, 2004 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Index

A abetalipoproteinaemia 38 acanthocytes 34, 35, 38 acute lymphoblastic leukaemia 8890, 88, 89 acute myeloid leukaemia 905, 91, 92, 93, 94 Africans, normal ranges 24 Afro-Caribbeans, normal ranges 24 alpha thalassaemia trait 667 anaemia 30, 5960, 59, 60 autoimmune haemolytic 723, 73 of chronic disease 64 haemolytic 111 iron deciency 624, 63, 102 leucoerythroblastic 51 macrocytic 60 megaloblastic 602, 61 microcytic 60 normocytic 60 sickle cell 39, 756 anisochromasia 41 anaemia of chronic disease 64 iron deciency anaemia 63 anisocytosis 32 beta thalassaemia major 74, 75 haemoglobin H disease 68 iron deciency anaemia 63 megaloblastic anaemia 61 atypical lymphocytes 51, 52 atypical mononuclear cells 51 Auer rods 91, 92, 93, 114

autoimmune haemolytic anaemia 723, 73 azurophilic granules 9 B B cells 10 bacterial infection 789, 79 band cells 13, 1516, 16, 48 basopenia 45 basophils 4, 6, 8 morphology 534, 53 normal range 23 basophilia 45 basophilic stippling 42 beta thalassaemia major 734, 75 beta thalassaemia trait 656, 66, 102, 105 bite cells see keratocytes blood 1, 2 blood clotting 267 blood count 1728 cell counts 1819 ethnic variation 23, 24, 57 gender effects 56 haematocrit (packed cell volume) 18 haemoglobin concentration 18 neonates, infants and children 56 normal ranges 212, 23, 24 in pregnancy 567 red cell indices 1920

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Index
erythropoietin 57 ethnicity and alpha thalassaemia trait 67 and blood count 23, 24, 57 ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid 26 F ferritin 63 brin strands 27 follicular lymphoma 856, 85 full blood count see blood count G glossitis 60 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deciency 712, 72 Golgi apparatus 12, 52 Golgi zone 12, 52 granulocytes 4, 5 grey platelet syndrome 55 H haematocrit 18, 20 haemoglobin 2 mean cell 19, 20 mean cell concentration 19, 20 normal range, infants and children 24 haemoglobin C disease 36, 39, 778 haemoglobin concentration 18 haemoglobin distribution width 43 normal range 23 haemoglobin H disease 678, 68 haemolytic anaemia 111 haemolytic uraemic syndrome 38 haemopoietic cells 1217 see also individual cell types hairy cell leukaemia 86 Heinz bodies 71 hemighosts 71, 72 hereditary elliptocytosis 34, 36, 701 hereditary spherocytosis 6970, 70 Howell-Jolly bodies 42, 43, 103 beta thalassaemia major 74, 75 hyperchromia 40, 41

blood lm 12 examination of 225 interpretation of 28 learning to look at 25 blood samples, problems with 25 8, 26, 27, 28 boat-shaped cells 34, 35, 39 buffy coat 1 C cell counts 1819 children blood count 56 normal ranges 24 chromatin 45, 52 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia 824, 83 chronic granulocytic leukaemia 801,80 chronic myeloid leukaemia 801, 80 Coombs test 70, 73 crenated cells see echinocytes cyanmethaemoglobin 18 cytokines 11 D dacrocytes 34, 35, 37 dimorphic cells 41 Dhle bodies 48, 79, 103 drumsticks 6, 7 E echinocytes 25, 34, 35, 38, 113 elliptocytes 34, 35, 36 elliptocytosis hereditary 34, 36, 701 iron deciency anaemia 63 eosinopenia 45 eosinophils 4, 6, 78, 7 morphology 534, 53 normal range 23 infants and children 24 eosinophil leucocytosis see also eosinophilia 45, 53 Epstein-Barr virus 51 erythrocyte sedimentation rate 64 erythrocytes see red cells

Index
hypochromia 40, 41 anaemia of chronic disease 64 beta thalassaemia major 74, 75 haemoglobin H disease 68 hyposplenism 689 I idiopathic myelobrosis 37, 967 infants blood count 56 normal ranges 24 infectious mononucleosis 52, 112 iron deciency anaemia 624, 63, 102 irregularly contracted cells 34, 35 K keratocytes 34, 35, 37, 71 Kupffer cells 11 L large unstained cells, normal range 23 lauryl sulphate haemoglobin 18 lead poisoning 42 left shift 48, 79 leucocytes see white cells leucocytosis 45, 46, 110 eosinophil 53 leucoerythroblastic anaemia 51 leucopenia 45 leukaemia 110 acute 8796 acute lymphoblastic 8890, 88, 89 acute myeloid 905, 91, 92, 93, 94 chronic lymphocytic 824, 83 chronic myeloid 801, 80 hairy cell 86 myelodysplastic syndromes 956 prolymphocytic 845, 84 lymphocytes 4, 6, 810, 9 atypical 51, 52 morphology 513, 52 normal range 23 infants and children 24

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lymphocytopenia see lymphopenia lymphocytosis 45, 817 causes of 82 chronic lymphocytic leukaemia 824, 83 follicular lymphoma 856, 85 hairy cell leukaemia 86 multiple myeloma 87 prolymphocytic leukaemia 845, 84 lymphopenia 45 M macrocytes 32, 33 macrocytic anaemia 60 macrocytosis 28, 99100, 102 autoimmune haemolytic anaemia 73 megaloblastic anaemia 61 macrophages 10 macropolycytes 49, 50 malaria 423 May-Grnwald-Giemsa stain 2 mean cell haemoglobin 19, 20, 115 normal range 23 mean cell haemoglobin concentration 19, 20, 115 normal range 23 mean cell volume 19, 20 normal range 23 infants and children 24 megakaryocytes 11 megaloblastic anaemia 50, 602, 61 metamyelocytes 13, 15, 16 microcytic anaemia 60 microcytosis 32, 33, 99, 102 anaemia of chronic disease 64 beta thalassaemia major 74 haemoglobin H disease 68 microspherocytes 34, 35, 38, 113 monocytes 4, 6, 1011, 11 morphology 534, 53 normal range 23 infants and children 24 monocytopenia 45 monocytosis 45 mononuclear cells 4, 5

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Index
Philadelphia chromosome 80 plasma 1 plasma cells 52 platelets 1, 11 aggregates 27 morphology 545 normal range 23 Africans 24 infants and children 24 Afro-Caribbeans 24 satellitism 28 poikilocytosis 32, 339 beta thalassaemia major 74, 75 beta thalassaemia trait 66 haemoglobin H disease 68 iron deciency anaemia 63 megaloblastic anaemia 61 polychromasia 41 polychromatic cells 41 polycythaemia 30, 57, 58, 104 polycythaemia vera 579 polymorphonuclear leucocytes see granulocytes pregnancy, blood count in 567 proerythroblasts 13 prolymphocytic leukaemia 845, 84 promyelocytes 12, 13, 14, 15, 92, 94 punctate basophilia 42 R red cells 1, 23, 3 formation 13 normal distribution 30 nucleated 1617, 17 red cell abnormalities 5778 alpha thalassaemia trait 667 anaemia 5960, 59, 60 anaemia of chronic disease 645, 64 autoimmune haemolytic anaemia 723, 73 beta thalassaemia major 734, 75 beta thalassaemia trait 656, 66 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deciency 712, 72

multiple myeloma 87 myeloblasts 12, 13, 14 myelocytes 13, 15 myelodysplastic syndromes 49, 956, 114 N natural killer cells 10 neonates, blood count 56 neutropenia 45 neutrophils 4, 57, 5, 6, 7, 13, 14 hypersegmentation 49 morphology 4651, 48, 49, 50 normal range 23 Africans 24 infants and children 24 Afro-Caribbeans 24 neutrophil count 101, 103 neutrophil leucocytosis see neutrophilia neutrophilia 45, 7881, 100, 1023 bacterial infection 789, 79 chronic myeloid leukaemia 801, 80 normal ranges Africans 24 blood count 212 Caucasians 23 infants and children 24 Afro-Caribbeans 24 normochromia 40, 41 normocytes 32, 33 normocytic anaemia 60 nucleated red blood cells 1617, 17 O ovalocytes 34, 35, 36 P packed cell volume 18, 20, 115 normal range 23 Pappenheimer bodies 40, 42 beta thalassaemia major 74, 75 hereditary spherocytosis 70 Paul-Bunnell test 112 Pelger-Het anomaly 49 Perls stain 96 phagocytosis 7

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haemoglobin C disease 778 haemoglobin H disease 678, 68 hereditary elliptocytosis 701 hereditary spherocytosis 6970, 70 hyposplenism 689 iron deciency anaemia 624, 63 megaloblastic anaemia 602, 61 polycythaemia 57, 58 polycythaemia vera 579, 58 sickle cell anaemia 756 sickle cell trait 767 sickle cell/haemoglobin C disease 77 red cell agglutination 312, 31 red cell colour 3942, 40, 41, 42 red cell count 19, 2932, 30, 31 normal range 23 infants and children 24 red cell distribution width 43 normal range 23 red cell inclusions 423, 43 red cell indices 1920 red cell shape see poikilocytosis red cell size 19, 20, 32, 32, 33 reticulocytes 41 right shift 49, 50 ring sideroblasts 40 rouleaux 31, 112 S satellitism 28 SC poikilocytes 34, 35, 39 schistocytes 34, 35, 38 self-assessment 98115 sickle cell anaemia 39, 756 sickle cell disease 111 sickle cell trait 767, 100, 103 sickle cell/haemoglobin C disease 77 sickle cells 34, 35, 39 spheroacanthocytes 70 spherocytes 101 spherocytosis 34, 35, 36, 104 autoimmune haemolytic anaemia 73 hereditary 6970, 70 splenectomy 69, 101, 103 stomatocytes 34, 35, 37 storage artefacts 26 T T cells 10 target cells 34, 35, 36, 43, 104 tear-drop poikilocytes see dacrocytes thrombocytopenia 45, 47, 54 thrombocytosis 45, 47 toxic granulation 46, 47, 48, 79 V vacuolation 79

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W white cells 1, 411, 4 see also individual white cell types white cell abnormalities 7897 acute leukaemias 8796, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93 idiopathic myelobrosis 967 lymphocytosis 817, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86 neutrophil leucocytosis 7881, 79, 80 white cell count 45, 46, 47 normal range 23 Africans 24 infants and children 24 Afro-Caribbeans 24 Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome 47