an QT & TBCK

GVHD: L Nguyn ng

N MN HC

TI:
Thit k thit b sy hm sy khoai ty ct lt, nng sut 200 tn/nm.
iu kin thit k:
- m ban u 80%, m sn phm kh 8%.
- Khng kh bn ngoi 200C v m 85%.
- Ch sy: nhit tc nhn vo 700C, thi gian sy trong 15 gi.
- Nng lng: hi nc c p sut 5 bar.

SVTH : Nguyn Tn Thng

 an QT & TBCK

GVHD: L Nguyn ng

LI NI U
K thut ch bin v bo qun thc phm hin nay ang ngy cng c xu
hng pht trin mnh. Trong k thut bo qun bng phng php sy kh sn
phm l mt trong nhng phng php ang c p dng rt ph bin v hiu
qu hin nay. V d nh nhn sy kh, chui sy kh, ng sy, khoai ty sy
Nhm trang b cho k s ngnh Cng Ngh Thc Phm trc khi ra
trng nhng kin thc c bn nht v k thut sy, sinh vin ca Vin CNSH &
TP, trong chng trnh o to, c lm n mn hc. c mt ci nhn
trc quan v thc t hn, trong qu trnh lm n, em c giao ti c
th l thit k h thng sy hm dng sy khoai ty vi nng sut 200
tn/nm. Bn n gm cc phn chnh nh sau:
Chng I: Tng quan v h thng sy hm
Chng II: Tnh ton qu trnh sy l thuyt
Chng III: Xc nh kch thc c bn ca thit b sy
Chng IV: Tnh ton qu trnh sy thc
Chng V: Tnh chn calorifer v cc thit b ph
Em xin chn thnh cm n cc thy c gio trong b mn QT & TBCK,
thy gio L NGUYN NG gip em hon thnh n ny. Tuy nhin, do
hn ch v mt kin thc l thuyt v thc t nn bn n ny s khng trnh
khi nhng sai st, em rt mong nhn c s ch dn v gp ca cc thy c
cng nh cc bn.
Em xin chn thnh cm n !
Sinh vin thc hin
Nguyn Tn Thng

SVTH : Nguyn Tn Thng

 an QT & TBCK

GVHD: L Nguyn ng

MC LC
LI NI U...........................................................................................................2
MC LC.................................................................................................................3
Chng I : TNG QUAN V H THNG SY HM..........................................5
I. H thng sy hm...............................................................................................5
II. H thng sy hm sy khoai ty...................................................................5
Chng II: TNH TON QU TRNH SY L THUYT....................................8
I. Tnh nng sut sy trong mt gi.......................................................................8
II. Tnh lng m bc hi trong mt gi...............................................................8
III. Chn ch sy ..............................................................................................8
IV. Tnh ton qu trnh sy l thuyt.....................................................................9
Chng III: XC NH KCH THC C BN................................................13
CA THIT B SY.............................................................................................13
I. Xc nh tit din hm sy...............................................................................13
II. Thit b Chuyn ti..........................................................................................14
III. Kch thc tng bao v trn hm sy..........................................................16
Chng IV: TNH TON QU TRNH SY THC...........................................17
I. Tn tht nhit do vt liu sy mang i qV ......................................................17
II. Tn tht do thit b chuyn ti mang ra khi hm..........................................17
III. Tn tht ra mi trng...................................................................................18
IV. Tng tn tht nhit trong qu trnh sy thc.................................................21
Chng V: TNH CHN CALORIFER V THIT B PH................................23
SVTH : Nguyn Tn Thng

 an QT & TBCK

GVHD: L Nguyn ng

I. Tnh chn calorifer ..........................................................................................23

II. Tnh ton kh ng v chn qut gi.............................................................25
TI LIU THAM KHO.......................................................................................28

SVTH : Nguyn Tn Thng

 an QT & TBCK

GVHD: L Nguyn ng

Chng I : TNG QUAN V H THNG SY HM

I. H thng sy hm
Cng nh h thng sy bung, h thng sy hm l mt trong nhng h
thng sy i lu ph bin nht. Nhng khc vi h thng sy bung, h thng sy
hm c th sy lin tc hoc bn lin tc vi nng sut ln v phng php t chc
trao i nhit ch c th i lu cng bc, ngha l bt buc phi dng qut.
Thit b truyn ti trong h thng sy hm c th l bng ti hoc gm nhiu
xe gong. Bng ti trong h thng sy hm dng xch kim loi c nhim v cha
v vn chuyn vt liu sy, ng thi cho tc nhn sy i qua bng ti xuyn
qua vt liu sy thc hin qu trnh trao i nhit - m.
Cu to ca h thng sy hm bao gm ba phn chnh: hm sy, calorifer v
qut. Hm sy l hm di t 10 n 20 hoc 30 m, trong vt liu sy v tc nhn
sy thc hin qu trnh trao i nhit - m. Cc h thng sy hm c th t chc
cho tc nhn sy v vt liu sy i cng chiu hoc l ngc chiu, hoc zch zc,
hi lu hay khng hi lu ty thuc vo mc ch thit k.
II. H thng sy hm sy khoai ty
Mt cu hi t ra y l ti sao phi sy khoai ty?

SVTH : Nguyn Tn Thng

 an QT & TBCK

GVHD: L Nguyn ng

Nh chng ta bit, khoai ty l mt loi thc phm giu cht dinh dng.
Khoai ty l loi thc phm rt ph bin, c hng trm loi khc nhau. Chng c
phn bit da trn kch thc, hnh dng, mu sc v mi v. nhiu quc gia, c
bit l chu u v M, y l mt loi thc phm quen thuc. Chng cng l mt
trong nhng thc phm giu dng cht nht. Trong 150g khoai ty cung cp
khong 45% vitamin C cho nhu cu hng ngy ca bn. Chng c t nng lng
hn bi, nhiu kali hn chui v cung cp nhiu st hn cc loi rau c khc.
Khoai ty cn giu cht x, vitamin B6 v khong cht nh ng, mangan...
Tuy nhin khoai ty l c c thi gian thu hoch tng i ngn, bo qun
ti li rt kh khn do phi s ch thnh dng nguyn liu c th gi lu ngy
c. Khoai ty thng c s ch thnh dng lt. Quy trnh s ch thnh dng
lt, tm tt, gm cc cng on sau:
C ti ngm ra thi lt phi sy x l thnh phm.
i vi c ti, ngay sau khi thi, b mt lt thng c "nha" chy ra
lm cho b mt lt rt chng b sm mu do b oxy ha. trnh hin tng ny,
sau khi thi, lt c ngm ngay trong nc sch hoc trong dung dch x l.
Khoai lang v sn c th ngm vo dung dch nc vi trong khong 30 pht, lm
nh vy lt sau ny s c mu trng p. Ring khoai ty ngm trong dung dch
natri sunfit (Na2SO3) hoc natri bisunfit (NaHSO3) t l 1 so vi khi lng c
ti. Thi gian ngm 30 pht. Tt c cc lt sau khi ngm x l c vt ln r, r
hoc nhng mt thong nhm lm cho lt thot bt nc. Cn o trn lt tng
kh nng thot nc. Sau khi x l a lt v sy. gim bt thi gian sy, lt
nn c hong gi trc lm se lp b mt.
Nhng yu cu khi sy lt: Cc lt khi c hong cho se lp mt c
xp ln cc khay sy. Chiu dy ca lp lt trn khay khong 20mm. Cc lt nu
c xp ln xn trn khay th cng tt v nh vy tng c b mt bay hi nc.
Khay sy lm bng nhm c c l, cng c th lm mt khay bng tre na an,
kch thc l 10 x 10mm (an hnh mt co). Nhit khng kh nng khi cho tip
xc vi sn phm sy phi m bo c cc yu cu: Nung nng sn phm
lm bay hi m, nhng khng c lm bin i cht lng ca chng.
Giai on u ca qu trnh sy, nhit cung cp ch yu l lm nng sn
phm sy. Khi nhit lp b mt sn phm tng dn t ti nhit bay hi
SVTH : Nguyn Tn Thng

 an QT & TBCK

GVHD: L Nguyn ng

th lng m b mt lt thot ra rt mnh. Qu trnh bay hi lp b mt xy ra

ng thi vi qu trnh chuyn dch m t trong lng vt liu ra lp b mt. Nhit
dn dn tc dng su vo pha trong lng lm cho nhit pha trong ca lt tng
ln, thc y thm qu trnh chuyn dch m t trong lng vt cht ra lp b mt.
Thi gian kh ca cc lt thng khng ng u, do cn phi o trn: o
trn ngay trn mt khay v o trn gia cc khay. Nu thc hin tt vic o trn,
c th lm gim c 1/3 thi gian sy. Tuy nhin, vic o trn mt s thit b
sy khng thc hin c (nh kiu thit b ng hm), do bin php tt nht
l b tr v kt cu thit b thch hp tng kh nng phn b nhit tng i
ng u cc tng khay v khu vc sy.
Vi loi thit b c kh nng truyn nhit v thot m tt, sau 8 10 gi c
th lm kh c khi lt xung m cui cng l 12 12,5%. Cc lt sau khi
sy nht thit phi c lm ngui mi a vo bo qun.

SVTH : Nguyn Tn Thng

 an QT & TBCK

GVHD: L Nguyn ng

Chng II: TNH TON QU TRNH SY L THUYT

I. Tnh nng sut sy trong mt gi
Nng sut sy trong h thng sy hm l sn lng thnh phm trong mt nm.
G = 200.103 kg/nm. Vt liu vo v ra khi thit b sy c m tng i l 1
= 80%, 2 = 8%. Gi thit rng thit b lm vic 300 ngy/nm v mi ngy lm
vic 20 gi.
Nng sut sy trong mt gi l:
G2

G
T

200.1000
300.20

33, 334 (kg/h)

Khi lng vt liu sy vo thit b:

G1

G2 .

1
1

33, 334.

1 0, 08
153, 334 (kg/h)
1 0, 8

II. Tnh lng m bc hi trong mt gi

W=G1 G2

153, 334 33, 334 120 (kgm/h)

III. Chn ch sy
Chn h thng sy hm khng hi lu, tc nhn sy l khng kh nng i cng
chiu vi vt liu sy.
Thng s khng kh ngoi tri: t0 = 200C v

= 85%

Chn nhit tc nhn sy vo hm sy: t1 = 1300C, dung th ta tra c nhit

nhit k t tng ng l: t = 390C
Nhit tc nhn sy ra khi
lng do tc nhn sy mang i, li va m bo khng xy ra hin tng ng
sng.
y ta chn chnh nhit kh t ca khng kh ra khi hm sy l t =
70C nhit khng kh ra khi hm sy l: t2 = t + t = 39 + 7 =
460C
SVTH : Nguyn Tn Thng
8

Ch lu ng ca kh trong hm l ch tun hon cng bc mnh vi tc

mi cht 2 m/s.
Nhit khng kh bn ngoi (trong phn xng ) l t0 = 200C,

85% Nhit vt liu sy ra khi hm: tv2 = t2 - t, ta chn t = 60C

tv2 = 46 6 = 400C

Thi gian sy chn theo kinh nghim: = 15 gi

Ngun nng lng cung cp nhit cho tc nhn sy l hi nc bo ho p
sut 5 bar.
IV. Tnh ton qu trnh sy l thuyt
Ta c s nguyn l h thng sy nh hnh v:

Trong : 1 Qut, 2: Calorifer, 3: Hm sy

th I d kho st qu trnh sy l thuyt c th hin nh hnh v:

T cp thng s ( t0 = 200C,
= 85%) ta dng cng thc gii tch hoc l
dng phng php th I d ta tm c cc thng s ng vi cc im tng
ng trn th.

Pb

4026, 42

12

4026, 42

12

235, 5 t0

d0

0, 621.

0, 0233 (bar)

235, 5 20

.Pb
(kg/kgkk)
B .Pb

d 0 = 0,01264 (kg m/kg kk )

I0 = 1,004.t0 + d(2500 + 1,842.t0) = 52,139 (kJ/kgkk )

Nhit dung ring dn xut :

Cdx(d0) = Cpk + Cpa.d0 = 1,004 + 1,842.0,01264 = 1,027 (kJ/kg)
Thng s ca tc nhn sy ti im sau khi ra khi calorifer:
t1 = 1300C, vi d1 = d0 = 0,01264 (kg/kgkk )
I1 = 1,004.t1 + d1.(2500 + 1,842.t1) = 165,139 (kJ/kgkk)
Phn p sut bo ho hi nc nhit t1= 1300C l:
Pb

12

4026, 42

4026, 42

12

235, 5 t1

235, 5 130
745

m tng i:

750

745

.d
0

B Pb1.
k1

.0, 01242
0, 73 (%)

750

Pb1. 0, 621 d0

Khi lng ring :

2, 6746 (bar)

2, 6746. 0, 621 0, 01242

0, 8417

Rk . 273 t1

(kg/m )

Thng s ca tc nhn sy sau qu trnh sy l thuyt (I2 = I1 )

I2 = 1,004.t2 + d20.(2500 1,842.t2)
d 20

I 2 1, 004.t2

165,139 1, 004.46
2500 1, 004.t2

0, 049 (kgm/kgkk )

2500 1, 004.46

Phn p sut bo ha hi nc Pb2 nhit t2 = 460C l :

Pb20

4026, 42

12

12

235, 5 t20

m tng i

20

4026, 42

0, 09991 (bar )

235, 5 46

l:

745
.d 20
750

745
.0, 0485
750

Pb20 . 0, 621 d20

0, 09991. 0, 621 0, 049

20

B Pb2 .

Khi lng ring :

k2

1, 0052

Rk . 273 t 2

0, 7305 73, 05 (%)

(kg/m )

Lu lng khng kh cn thit bc hi mt kg m l:

l0

d 20 d1

0, 049 0, 01264

27, 311 (kgkk/kg m)

Lu lng khng kh cn thit bc hi W = 120 kg m/h l:

L0 = W.l0 = 120.27,311 = 3277,487 (kgkk/h )
Nhit lng tiu hao trong qu trnh sy l thuyt:
q0 = l0.(I1 I0 ) = 27,311.(165,139 52,139 ) = 3086,25 (kJ/kg m)
Q0 = q0.W = 3086,25.120 = 370358 (kJ/h)

Chng III: XC NH KCH THC C BN

CA THIT B SY
Chn kiu thit b sy nh hnh v

Trong thit b ny, qu trnh sy xy ra trong hm. Kch thc c bn gm

chiu rng Bh, chiu cao Hh v chiu di Lh.
I. Xc nh tit din hm sy
Tit din hm BxH c xc nh theo iu kin thng gi, cn chiu di
hm sy xc nh theo thi gian sy v nng sut sy.
Tit din thng gi trong phn sy ca hn phi tha mn k thng gi, tc l:
Fk

V0
vk

y, vk l tc mi cht trong hm. Theo trn ta chn ch tun hon

cng bc mnh. Tc l vk 2m/s.
Vic chn vk nh hng n kch thc thit b v tnh kinh t ca h thng.
Nu chn vk ln th tit din hm s nh v nh vy tha mn iu kin v thi
gian sy v nng sut sy, chiu di hm sy s ln. Ngc li nu chn vk nh th
tit din hm s tng i ln v chiu di s nh hn. Mt khc, tc kh ln s
dn n tng nng lng vn chuyn kh. Xt ring v kch thc thit b ta

cng chn tc vk hp l cho kch thc thit b hp l ( kch thc thit b

cng nh hng n tn tht nhit vo mi trng ).
Vy ta chn tc lu ng ca kh trong hm l vk = 2 (m/s)
Tit din thng gi ca hm l:
Fk

V0
3600.vk

3549, 066
0, 4929 (m2 )
3600.2

Chn h s in y tit din phn sy ca hm,

Tit din tng ca phn sy:

Fk

F
s

0, 4929
F

= 0,65

1, 408

1 0, 65

(m )

II. Thit b chuyn ti

y ta chn thit b chuyn ti l xe gong v kch thc xe gong c
tnh nh sau:
Chn chiu rng ca xe goong: Bx = 1000mm
Cc kch thc khc:

H=

B = 50 mm

chiu rng hm sy: Bh = Bx + 2. B = 1000 + 2.50 = 1100 (mm)

F

s
Chiu cao hm sy: H h B
h

1, 048
1, 28 (m) = 1280 (mm)
1, 2

Chiu cao xe goong: Hx = 1280 50 = 1230 (mm)

Chiu cao sn xe:

Hx = 200 (mm)

Tit din cn tr trong hm sy: Fc= Fs Fk =1,408 0,4929 = 0,9154 (m2)

Chn chiu dy ca lp vt liu sy trn khay l: Hvls = 60 mm
S khay sy cha trn xe gong l: n

Fc

H vls .Bx

15, 263

khay

Chn li n = 15 khay
H x n.H vls
Khong cch gia cc khay sy: H k

22 (mm)

Chn li:
Chiu cao xe goong: Hx = 1,25 m
Chiu rng xe: Bx = 1 (m)
S khay cha VLS: 15 khay
Chiu dy lp vt liu sy trn khay: 0,06 (m)
Khong cch gia cc khay: 0,025 (m)
Chiu rng hm sy: Bh = 1,1 (m)
Chiu cao hm sy: Hh = 1,275 (m)
Tit din cn tr: Fc = 0,9 (m2)
Tit din ton b: Fs = 1,4025 (m2)
Tnh li h s in y:

= Fc/Fs = 0,6417

Nh vy ph hp vi gi thit chn
Tnh chiu di xe goong:
Chn mi khay cha c 8 kg vt liu m, khi lng ring ca khoai ty l
= 1034 kg/m3
th tch khoai ty trn mt khay sy Vkt
l:

Gk
kt

8
1034

7, 7369.10

(m3)

Chiu di mt khay sy (cng chnh l chiu di xe goong )

L

Vkt

7, 7369.10
x

0, 65
1

.H .B

kt

1 0, 8 .0,
06.1
k

vls

(m) = 650 (mm)

Tnh s xe goong cn thit trong hm sy: n

G1.
Gx

153, 334.15
19,167 xe
15.8

Chn li s xe: n = 20 xe
Khong cch phn b ti v tr ca hm sy:
Chiu di hm sy l: Lh = n.Lx + 2.

L=1m

L = 20.0,65 + 2.1 = 15 (m)

III. Kch thc tng bao v trn hm sy

Tng bao quanh hm sy gm 3 lp. Bn trong l lp gch dy = 110
mm vi h s dn nhit = 0,7 W/mK. gia l lp cch nhit dy
= 50 mm
vi h s dn nhit = 0,053 W/mK. Ngoi cng l lp tn bo v.
Trn hm sy cng bao gm 3 lp. Trong l b tong dy 100 mm vi h s
dn nhit 0,7 W/mK. Lp cch nhit dy 50 mm vi h s dn nhit 0,053 W/mK.
Ngoi cng l lp tn bo v.
Kt cu tng th ca hm sy c trnh by nh bn v.

Chng IV: TNH TON QU TRNH SY THC

I. Tn tht nhit do vt liu sy mang i qV
tnh tn tht nhit do vt liu sy mang i, trc ht ta phi bit nhit
vt liu sy ra khi hm sy tv2 v nhit dung ring ca n Cv2 . Theo kinh nghim,
trong sy nng sn, nhit vt liu sy ra khi thit b sy ly thp hn nhit tc
nhn sy tng ng t 5 100C. Trong h thng sy ny, vt liu sy v tc nhn
sy i cng chiu nhau nn:
tV2 = t2 (5 100C)

ta chn tV2 = 46 6 = 400C

Nhit dung ring ca khoai ty l : Ck = 1,4214 (kJ/kgK), do khoai ty c

nhit dung ring khi ra khi hm sy l:
Cv2 = Ck .(1-

) + Ca.

= 1,4214.(1 0,08) + 4,18.0,08 = 1,642

(kJ/kgK) Tn tht do vt liu sy mang i bng:

Qv = G2.Cv2.(tv2 tv1) = 33,334.1,642.(40 20) = 1094,74 (kJ/h)
q
V

QV

1094, 74

120

9,122 (kJ/kgm)

II. Tn tht do thit b chuyn ti mang ra khi hm

- Tn tht do xe gong mang i.
Xe gong lm bng thp CT3 c khi lng mt xe Gx = 40 kg. Theo ph lc 4,
nhit dung ring ca thp l: Cx = 0,5 kJ/kgK. V l thp nn nhit xe gong lc
ra khi hm sy ly bng nhit tc nhn sy: tx2 = t1 = 460C do
Qx

q
x

n.Gx .Cx . tx 2 tx1

Qx

693, 333

120

20.40.0, 5. 46 20
15

5, 77 (kJ/kgm)

693, 333 (kJ/h)

- Tn tht do khay sy mang i

Khay ng vt liu sy c lm bng nhm, mi khay c trng lng l 1,5 kg.

Nhit ca khay ra khi hm sy cng l nhit ca tc nhn sy, t k2 = t1 =
460C. Theo ph lc 4, nhit dung ring ca nhm l, C k = 0,86 kJ/kgK. Do tn
tht do khay sy mang i s l:
Qk

q
k

11.n.Gk . tk 2 tk 1

15.20.1, 5.0, 86. 46 20

15

Qk

670, 8

120

670, 8 (kJ/h)

5, 589 (kJ/kgm)

Nh vy tn tht do thit b chuyn ti l:

QCT = Qx + Qk = 693,333 + 670,8 = 1364,133 (kJ/h)
q
CT

QCT

1364,133

120

11, 367 (kJ/kgm)

III. Tn tht ra mi trng

Phn b nhit qua tng hm sy

- Tn tht qua tng bao

Qt = k.Fxq.

ttb

k: h s truyn nhit,

k
.

1
1

: chiu dy v h s dn nhit ca cc lp vt liu

: H s ta nhit i lu cng bc ca tc nhn sy vi b mt tng, W/mK

Theo bng 3 ti liu [2] ta c h s trao i nhit i lu cng bc khi kh chuyn

ng dc theo b mt vch, i vi b mt nhm, v < 5 m/s
1

= 6,15 + 4,18.v = 6,15 + 4,18.2 = 14,51 (W/m2K)

: H s trao i nhit i lu t nhin t tng ti khng kh bn ngoi,

tnh h s

ny ta gi thit chnh nhietj t b mt vch

t = tw4 t0 = 12,5K
Theo bng 1 ti liu [2] ta c

= 3,8525 W/m2K

Theo bng 2 ti liu [2] ta c

= 0,98

= 3,8525.0,98 = 3,77545(W/m2K)

Thay s k = 0,69719 W/m2K

ttb: chnh nhit trung bnh,

ttb = tk t0

tk = 0,5.(t1 + t2) = 0,5.(130 + 46) = 880C

ttb = 88 20 = 68 K

Mt dng nhit qua tng l: qt = k. ttb = 47,409 (W/m2)

Kim tra li chnh nhit gia b mt ngoi tng v khng kh l:
t = q/

= 47,409/3,77545 = 12,43 K

Nh vy gi thit trn l hp l
Din tch xung quanh ca hm sy (k c phn ca ) l:
Fxq = 2.(Lh + 2.Bh).Hh = 43,86 (m2)
Tn tht nhit qua tng bao: Qt = k.Fxq.

ttb = 2079,35 (W)

- Tn tht nhit qua trn hm sy

Qtr = ktr.Ftr.
Theo trn

ttb

ttb = 68K

H s truyn nhit k c tnh theo cng thc:

= 14,51 W/m2K

= 0,1 m;

= 0,7 W/mK;

ktr

= 0,05 m;

= 0,053 W/mK

H s ta nhit i lu t nhin ca khng kh bn ngoi (trn hm sy nm

ngang) l:
tr

1, 3.

tuong

1, 3.3, 77545 4, 908 (W/m2K)

ktr = 0,7358 (W/m2K)

Din tch trn hm sy: F = Lh.Bh = 15.1,1 = 16,5 (m2)
Tn tht nhit qua trn:
Qtr = Ftr.ktr.

ttb = 825,657 (W)

- Tn tht nhit qua nn

Nhit trung bnh ca tc nhn sy l: tk = ( 46 + 130)/2 = 880C
V khong cch t hm n phn xng l 2m
Tra bng 7.1 ti liu [1] ta c tn tht nhit ring qua 1 m2 nn l:

qn = 53,38 W/m2
Din tch nn hm sy: Fn = Ftr = 16,5 m2
Nhit tn tht qua nn l: Qn = Fn.qn = 16,5.53,38 = 880,77 (W)
Vy tng tn tht nhit ra mi trng l:
Qmt = Qxq + Qtr + Qn = 3785,787 (W) = 13628,834 (kJ/h)
Tnh cho 1kg m: qmt = Qmt/W = 113,57 (kJ/kg m)
IV. Tng tn tht nhit trong qu trnh sy thc
= Cn.tv1 ( qv + qct + qmt )
= 4,185.20 ( 9,122 + 11,367 + 113,57) = - 50,361 (kJ/kg m)
V. Tnh ton qu trnh sy thc
th I d biu din qu trnh sy thc

Thng s trng thi thc ca khng kh ra khi hm sy c xc nh:

Entanpi sau qu trnh sy thc: i2t i20

163, 295 (kJ/kg kk)

 cha hi:

1, 004.t
2t

0, 0484

2t

(kg/kgkk)

2500 1, 842.t2
B.d

m tng i thc t:

2t

2t

Pb2 .(0, 621 d2 t )

0, 72 72%

Tiu hao khng kh thc t

l

1
d 2t

d1

27, 893 (kgkk/kg m)

Lng khng kh cn bc hi W = 120 kg m l

L = l.W = 27,893.120 = 3347,28 (kgkk/h)
Tiu hao nhit thc t
q = l.(I1 I0) = 27,893.(165,139 52,139) = 3151,978 (kJ/kg m)
Tnh cho W = 120 kg m/h : Q = q.W = 3151,987.120 = 378245,02 (kJ/h)
= 105,06 (kW)

Chng V: TNH CHN CALORIFER V THIT B PH

I. Tnh chn calorifer
Cng sut nhit ca calorifer:
Q

Qcal

105, 06
110, 589 (kW)
0, 95

Vi s = 0,95 l hiu sut nhit ca calorifer

Tiu hao hi ca calorifer
D

Qcal

, kJ/kg

ih i '

Trong : ih, entanpi ca hi nc vo calorifer, ih = i kJ/kg

i , entanpi ca nc ngng, kJ/kg
Vi p sut ca hi nc P = 5bar i = 2749 kJ/kg
i = 640 kJ/kg
D

110, 589
2749 640

0, 052 (kg/s) = 188,772 (kg/h)

y ta chn dng 2 calorifer nn tiu hao hi trn 1calorifer l: D = 94,386 kg/h

Xc nh b mt trao i nhit ca calorifer
F

Qcal . s
k. ttb

chnh nhit trung bnh

ttb

t1

t2
t

ln

t1 = th t0 = 152 20 = 132 K

t2 = th t1 = 152 130 = 22 K
H s hiu nh: = 1

ttb

132 22
.1 61, 39 (K)
132
ln
22

H s truyn nhit k c xc nh theo bng 4 phn ph lc

y ta gi thit lu tc ca khng kh qua calorifer l : = 4 kg/m2s
k = 20,8
W/m2K B mt truyn
nhit
F

105, 06.103
20, 8.61,
39

82, 276 (m2)

Ta s dng 2 calorifer, 1 chic c b mt truyn nhit l: F = 82,276/2 = 41,18 m2

Tra bng phn ph lc ta chn c calorifer K9 kiu I c din tch b mt
trao i nhit l 41,6 m2 v din tch tit din kh i qua l f = 0,486 m2.
Kim tra li lu tc khng kh qua calorifer:
= L/f = 3347,28/(3600.2.0,486) = 0,956 (kg/m2s)
Lu tc khng kh nh th s gy ra tr lc khng kh nh
Vy ta chn 2 calorifer K9 kiu I
Tr lc pha khng kh ca calorifer l pcal = 3,0 mmH2O
Cc kch thc ca calorifer l: A = 1250 mm
B = 902 mm
C = 200 mm

II. Tnh ton kh ng v chn qut gi

S tnh ton kh ng

Tr lc ca h thng bao gm: tr lc ca calorifer, tr lc ma st ca knh

dn kh v tr lc cc b ti cc tit din nh ch ngot, ng t thu ...
Tr lc ma st trong cc xe goong c xc nh theo cng thc:
p

. .

dtd

v2

, N/m2

Trong :
l h s tr lc ma st, = 0,05 W/mK
L l chiu di phn sy, L = 15 m
dtd l ng knh tng ng ca khe thng gi gia cc khay cha vt liu sy
theo trn ta tnh c din tch thng gi ca hm sy l : Fk = 0,5m2
chu vi phn thng gi : u = 8,75 m
dtd

4. f
u

4.0, 5
0, 228 (m)
8, 75

v: l tc kh trong hm sy, theo trn ta chn v = 2 m/s

: l khi lng ring ca ca kh trong hm (tnh theo nhit trung bnh ca kh)

Cc tr lc cc b c tnh theo cng thc:

2

pc

v
2
. .
2 , N/m

y cc h s tr lc cc b c ly theo ti liu [2]. Cc kt qu tnh ton

c a ra trong bng di y.

STT
1
2
3
4

68
69

V tr gy tr
lc
Cn
Calorifer
Ngot 90
Ngot 90
Vo xe 20 ln
Trong xe
Ra xe 20 ln
Ngot 90
Ngot 90
Tng cng

(kg/m3)
0.8417

v
(m/s)
3.2

0.8417
0.8417
0.85
0.85
0.85
1.005
1.005

3
3
2
2
2
2.8
2.8

Cdi
(m)

ktd
(m)

1.25
1.1
1.1
0.18

15

0.228

0.05
0.25
1.1
1.1

P
(N/m2)
5.3869
30
4.1664
4.1664
6.12
5.5921
8.5
4.3336
4.3336
72.599

Ta c tng tr lc ca h thng l 72.599 N/m2 iu kin nhit kh t = 880C v

= 0,9233 kg/m3. Ta chuyn tr lc ny v iu kin tiu chun k thut ta c:
ptc

p.

tc

1, 2
72, 599.
94, 35N/m2
0, 9233

Nh vy ta chn qut theo kiu kin:

Lu lng V

3347
0, 9233.2

1812, 52 m3/h

p sut Ptc = 94,35 N/m2

Ta chn 2 qut ly tm 4 70 N04 vi tc qut l = 70 rad/s
Hiu sut qut l = 0,73

TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] GS.TSKH TRN VN PH TNH TON V THIT K H THNG
SY Nh xut bn Gio dc
[2] PGS.TS HONG VN CHC THIT K H THNG THIT B SY
Nh xut bn Khoa hc v k thut
[3] Internet