THNG TIN VI BA KHA 2 - GII S 2.

Cu 1: Nu nguyn nhn gy ra v cch khc phc trong h thng thng

tin vi ba s?
Nguyn nhn:
o S hp th ca cc cht kh, hi nc, ma, Ch yu gy ra vi f >
10 GHz.
o Do ma lm lch phng truyn sng.
o Do hin tng truyn lan a ng.
Cch khc phc:
o Pha inh phng:
My pht pht mt lng cng sut d b cho hin tng pha inh
khi n xy ra.
Lng cng sut pht d c gi l: d tr pha inh (35 55 dB).
o Pha inh la chn tn s: S dng k thut phn tp.
Cch chng pha inh nhiu tia:
o Pha inh phng:
Tng cng sut pht n mc ln.
Gim c li truyn dn ca chng xung di c li danh nh.
o Pha inh la chn tn s: Dng:
Mch san bng thch nghi.
K thut phn tp.
M sa li.
Truyn dn a sng mang.

Cu 2: Xc nh d tr pha inh vi nh hng nhiu tia, yu cu h

thng nu thit k mt tuyn 45 Km trong kh hu n i, qua a hnh
i c g gh 20 m, v f = 6 GHz.
GII
Kh hu n i => c = 1.
g gh: u = 20 m => a = ( )

=( )

P0 = 0,3 . a . c . . ( ) = 0,3 . ( )

. 1 . . ( ) = 0,2257.

d = 45 Km < 280 Km
=> Fm 10 . lg(16,67 . P0 . 103) = 10 . lg(16,67 . 0,2257 . 103) = 35,75 dB.
Vy: d tr pha inh = 35,75 dB.

GHI NH:
Kh hu n i: c = 1.
m t, mt nc, nhit i: c = 4.
Min ni kh: c = 0,25.

Cu 3: Tuyn vi ba c di d = 50 Km, hot ng tn s f = 6 GHz,

anten thu v pht c h s tng ch GR = GT = 35 dBi, cng sut pht
PTx=2W, cao cy ci v vt chn ti im gia tuyn l h = 30 m=T+O,
anten thu cao 40 m = h2 + ha2, nng v tr ti anten pht v thu bng
10m = h1 = h2 so vi mc nc bin, suy hao phi f = 3 dB / 100 m.
Tn hao ca b phi hp v b ni l (Aph + An) = 0,7 dB. Suy hao do
ma LR = 15 dB.
a. Xc nh cao thc t ca anten pht: ha1 = ? m.
b. Tnh cng sut n my thu theo n v mW: PR = ? mW.

GII
a. Xc nh cao thc t ca anten pht: ha1 = ? m.
Vt chn im gia tuyn => d1 = d2 = 25 Km.
E=

1 C 0,6 => Chn C = 0,6 (nh nht). t chu nh hng bi vt

cn th khong cch ti thiu ca vt cn n ng LOS ti thiu l
bng 0,6 ln bn knh min Fresnen (0,6.F1).
B = E + (T + O) + C.F1 =

+ 30 + 0,6 . 17,32

ha1 = h2 + ha2 + [B (h2 + ha2)] .

= 113,528 m.

+ 30 + 0,6 . 17,32

= 81,764 m.
h1 = 40 + [81,764 40] .

10

b. Tnh cng sut n my thu theo n v mW: PRx = ? mW.

PTx = 2 W = 2000 mW => PTx [dB] = 10lg(2000) 33 dBm.
Tn hao ng truyn:
Ao = 92,54 + 20lg(f . d) = 92,54 + 20lg(6 . 50) = 142,082 dB.

f = 6 GHz. Tra ng Sum trong hnh trn (sch Vi ba s tp 2, trang

166, tng cc bu in) => Tiu hao c trng = 0,007 db/Km.
Tn hao kh quyn: AKQ = d . tiu hao c trng = 50 . 0,007 = 0,35dB.
di phi : lf = 1,5 . ha
o Pht: lfT = 1,5 . ha1 = 1,5 . 113,528 = 170,292 m.
o Thu: lfR = 1,5 . ha2 = 1,5 . (40 10) = 45 m.

 Tn hao phi :
o Pht: AfT =

o Thu: AfR =

= 5,109 dB.
= 1,35 dB.

Tn hao phi 2 bn: Af = AfT + AfR = 5,109 + 1,35 = 6,459 dB.

Tng tn hao: A = Ao + AKQ + Af + LR + 2(Aph + An)
= 142,082 + 0,35 + 6,459 + 15 + 2 . 0,7 = 165,291 dB.
PR = PT + GT + GR A = 33 + 35 + 35 165,291 = 62,291 dBm
= 10 . lg(PR[mW]).
PR [mW] = 10 62,291 / 10 = 5,9 . 10-7 mW.

GII 1

Cu 2: Xc nh d tr pha inh vi nh hng nhiu tia, yu cu h

thng nu thit k mt tuyn 45 Km trong kh hu nhit i, qua a
hnh i c g gh 20 m, v f = 4 GHz.
GII
Kh hu nhit i => c = 4.
g gh: u = 20 m => a = ( )
P0 = 0,3 . a . c . . ( ) = 0,3 . ( )

=( )

. 1 . . ( ) = 0,1505.

d = 45 Km < 280 Km
=> Fm 10 . lg(16,67 . P0 . 103) = 10 . lg(16,67 . 0,1505 . 103) = 33,99 dB.
Vy: d tr pha inh = 33,99 dB.

Cu 3: Tuyn vi ba c di d = 40 Km, hot ng tn s f = 4 GHz,

anten thu v pht c h s tng ch GR = GT = 35 dBi, cng sut pht
PTx=2W, cao cy ci v vt chn ti im gia tuyn l h = 30 m=T+O,
anten thu cao 30 m = h2 + ha2, nng v tr ti anten pht v thu bng
10m = h1 = h2 so vi mc nc bin, suy hao phi f = 3 dB / 100 m.
Tn hao ca b phi hp v b ni l (Aph + An) = 0,7 dB. Suy hao do
ma LR = 10 dB.
a. Xc nh cao thc t ca anten pht: ha1 = ? m.
b. Tnh cng sut n my thu theo n v mW: PR = ? mW.

GII
a. Xc nh cao thc t ca anten pht: ha1 = ? m.
Vt chn im gia tuyn => d1 = d2 = 20 Km.
E=

1 C 0,6 => Chn C = 0,6 (nh nht). t chu nh hng bi vt

cn th khong cch ti thiu ca vt cn n ng LOS ti thiu l
bng 0,6 ln bn knh min Fresnen (0,6.F1).
B = E + (T + O) + C.F1 =

+ 30 + 0,6 . 17,32

ha1 = h2 + ha2 + [B (h2 + ha2)] .

99,92m.

+ 30 + 0,6 . 17,32

= 69,96 m.
h1 = 30 + [69,96 30] .

10 =

b. Tnh cng sut n my thu theo n v mW: PRx = ? mW.

PTx = 2 W = 2000 mW => PTx [dB] = 10lg(2000) 33 dBm.
Tn hao ng truyn:
Ao = 92,54 + 20lg(f . d) = 92,54 + 20lg(4 . 40) = 136,622 dB.

f = 4 GHz. Tra ng Sum trong hnh trn (sch Vi ba s tp 2, trang

166, tng cc bu in) => Tiu hao c trng = 0,006 db/Km.
Tn hao kh quyn: AKQ = d . tiu hao c trng = 40 . 0,006 = 0,24dB.
di phi : lf = 1,5 . ha
o Pht: lfT = 1,5 . ha1 = 1,5 . 99,92 = 149,88 m.
o Thu: lfR = 1,5 . ha2 = 1,5 . (30 10) = 30 m.
Tn hao phi :

o Pht: AfT =

o Thu: AfR =

= 4,496 dB.
= 0,9 dB.

Tn hao phi 2 bn: Af = AfT + AfR = 4,496 + 0,9 = 5,396 dB.

Tng tn hao: A = Ao + AKQ + Af + LR + 2(Aph + An)
= 136,622 + 0,24 + 5,396 + 10 + 2 . 0,7 = 153,658 dB.
PR = PT + GT + GR A = 33 + 35 + 35 153,658 = 50,658 dBm
= 10 . lg(PR[mW]).
PR [mW] = 10 50,658 / 10 = 8,594 . 10-6 mW.

1. Xc nh d tr fading phng Phng php Majoli

P0: Xc sut (h s) xut hin fading nhiu tia.
P0 = 0,3 . a . c . . ( )
o d: di ca tuyn (Km).
o f: Tn s cng tc (GHz).
o a: a hnh: a = ( )

; u: g gh ca a hnh (m).

o c: Kh hu:
c = 1: n i.
c = 4: m t, mt nc, nhit i.
c = 0,25: Min ni kh.
d tr ti thiu:
o d < 280 Km => Fm 10lg(16,67 . P0 . 103) (dB).
o 280 < d < 2500 Km => Fm 10lg(

) (dB).

d tr fading: F = 10.lg(w0/w) (dB).

Xc sut gin on lin lc: P = P0 . 10-F/10

2. Xc nh d tr fading phng Phng php CCIR

P0 = K . Q . fB . dC
K, Q, B, C: Cc tham s ny phi c cho trong bi.
d tr ti thiu:
o d < 280 Km => Fm = 10.lg(16,54 . 103 . P0) (dB).
o 280 < d < 2500 Km => Fm = 10.lg(4,63 . 106 . P0) (dB).

3. Xc nh xc sut gin on lin lc do fading nhiu tia chn lc

tn s
Pos = 2 . K . ( )
T: Chu k baud ca h thng
0 = 0,7 . ( )
K = 15,4 vi 64 QAM.
K = 5,5 vi 16 QAM.
K = 7 vi 8 PSK.
K = 1 vi 4 PSK.
Trng hp c:
Tc ng truyn rb (Mb/s).
M: Mc iu ch
Pos = 2 . K . (

T l % thi gian gin on thng tin do fading nhiu tia chn lc tn

s
% = 100 . . Pos = 200 . . K . (

= 1,44.P0 vi P0 < 10-2.

= 0,182.P00,7 vi 0,1 < P0 < 2.
= 1 vi 10 < P0.

4. TN HAO DO MA
Tn hao do ma tng ln khi tn s tng ln.
nh hng ch yu ti cc tuyn ngn v c tn s hot ng cao.
Phng php xc nh trc tip tn hao do ma:
o Mc tiu: Xc nh lng tiu hao gy ra do ma vt 0,01% thi gian.
o Bi tp dng ny c lm theo cc bc sau l xong.

o Bc 1: Bit c cng ma vt 0,01% thi gian R mm/h (Ci

ny thng phi cho trong bi).
o Bc 2: Xc nh tiu hao c trng: R = k . R
k = (kh + kv + (kh kv)cos2.cos2) / 2
= (kh.h + kv.v + (kh.h kv.v)cos2.cos2) / 2k
- : Gc ngng ca anten.
- : Gc nghing phn cc i vi phn cc ngang.
- = 45o i vi phn cc vng.
- = 0o i vi phn cc ngang.
- = 90o i vi phn cc ng.
(Cc tham s ny phi cho trong bi)
o Bc 3: Tnh di ng truyn hiu dng.
de =

d0 = 35 . exp(0,015 . R0,01) vi R0,01 100 mm/h.

o Bc 4: nh gi tiu hao ng truyn vt trong 0,01% thi
gian.
A0,01 = R . de
o Bc 5:
Xc nh tiu hao vt trong p% thi gian.
Xc sut gin on lin lc l p% khi Ap = FM
Ap = 0,12 . A0,01 . p-(0,546 + 0,043 . lg(p))