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2012 by Box Ha hc

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TUYN TP CC BI TP HA HC HAY
V LI GII CA DIN N BOXMATH
(sa ln 1, ngy 17/04/2012)

BoxMath, thng 1 2012

MC LC

LI NG ......................................................................................................................................................... 1
DANH SCH THNH VIN THAM GIA BIN SON........................................................................... 2
PHN 1. CC BI TON V C................................................................................................................. 3
Bi 1 10 ...................................................................................................................................................... 3
Bi 11 20 .................................................................................................................................................... 9
Bi 21 30 .................................................................................................................................................. 13
Bi 31 40 .................................................................................................................................................. 17
Bi 41 47 .................................................................................................................................................. 22
PHN 2. CC BI TON HU C............................................................................................................ 25
Bi 1 10 .................................................................................................................................................... 25
Bi 11 20 .................................................................................................................................................. 29
Bi 21 30 .................................................................................................................................................. 33
Bi 31 40 .................................................................................................................................................. 37
Bi 41 50 .................................................................................................................................................. 41
Bi 51 54 .................................................................................................................................................. 46

LI NG
C nhiu ngi nhn xt Ha hc l b mn ca tr nh, hc ha phi nh rt nhiu th iu c th
ng, nhng cha phi l tt c. Ha hc giu trong lp o nng n ca nhng cng thc, nhng phn ng
phc tp l mt v p tinh t ca s t duy logic. V p y c bit c hin din qua nhng bi ton
ha, nhng bi ton cho bn rt nhiu con ng, nhng s ch c mt con ng p nht, ngn nht i
n c chn l. Nhim v ca ngi hc ha l phi vn dng cc thao tc nh gi, phn on tm ra
c con ng y, con ng khng ch a n kt qu m con a n mt nim vui, nim hng khi
nh mt cht keo gn tri tim bn vi Ha hc.
Tng c nhng giy pht v a trong sung sng tng c nhng khonh khc chi vi, b tc gia nhng
s liu, nhng phng trnh phn ng Chng ti tin hnh lm tuyn tp ny vi mc ch u tin l
nim mong mun ng cm, l kht khao chia s tnh yu Ha hc ca chng ti vi cc bn thng qua
nhng bi tp ha mi l, nhng li gii hay.
Mi bi tp khng ch n gin l tnh ton, ng sau l nhng tng.
Mi li gii khng ch l p dng phng php m thc s l mt qu trnh phn tch v sng to.
Ha hc ang c tin hnh thi theo phng php trc nghim, th nhng li gii u tin m chng ti
a ra vn lun lun l mt li gii y , i t nhng d kin ca bi ton n kt qu m hon ton
khng ph thuc vo cc p n cho trc. Bi chng ti hiu v mong cc bn s hiu, ch c nh vy,
chng ta mi c th i ht c v p ca ha hc, rn luyn c t duy suy lun logic cho bn thn, hc
tp mt cch thc cht v sng to.
Tuyn tp ch yu l s tng hp v chn lc cc bi ton ha hc trn din n Boxmath.vn nm 2011.
Chnh v vy, ban bin tp xin c chn thnh cm n s ng h ca ban qun tr din n, s tch cc vit
bi v gii bi ca cc thnh vin trong sut mt nm qua. S n ch ca cc bn vi tuyn tp l mt ng
lc rt ln gip ban bin tp c th hon thin cng vic nhiu ln tng chng nh phi b d dang.
Mc d c s c gng, xem xt k lng, nhng chc chn s khng trnh khi nhng khim khuyt,
mong cc bn thng cm v gi li nhn xt bnh lun ca cc bn v cho chng ti tuyn tp c hon
thin hn.
Mi kin xin gi v hoahoc.boxmath@gmail.com
Thay mt ban bin tp ti xin chn thnh cm n.
H Ni, ngy 18/1/2012
i din nhm bin son
Ch bin
F7T7

1 http://boxmath.vn 17/04/2012

DANH SCH THNH VIN THAM GIA BIN SON


1. Ph Tin Cng THPT chuyn i hc S phm H Ni
2. Thi Mnh Cng THPT chuyn Phan Bi Chu, Ngh An
3. Trn Bo Dng THPT Ng Quyn, B Ra Vng Tu
4. Nguyn Th Thu Hi THPT Trn Ph, H Tnh
5. Nguyn Quc Oanh THPT So Nam, Qung Nam
6. Nguyn Hu Ph THPT Ty Sn, Lm ng
7. Phan Qunh Nga THPT Hng Kh, H Tnh

2 http://boxmath.vn 17/04/2012

PHN 1. CC BI TON V C
Bi 1 10
Bi 1. _________________________________________________________________________________
Hn hp A gm mui sunfit, hidrosunfit v sunfat ca cng mt kim loi kim M. Cho 17,775 gam hn hp
A vo dung dch Ba (OH ) 2 d, to thnh 24,5275 gam hn hp kt ta. Lc kt ta, ra sch v cho kt ta
tc dng vi dung dch HCl d, thy cn 2,33 g cht rn. Kim loi kim M l
A. Li
B. K
C. Rb
D. Na
Li gii.
Phng trnh phn ng
Ba 2+ + SO42- BaSO4

OH - + HSO3 H 2O + SO32Ba 2+ + SO32- BaSO3

Cht rn cn li l BaSO4 : nBaSO4 =

2,33
= 0, 01(mol )
233

(24,5275 - 2,33)
= 0,1023(mol )
217
17, 775
M trung binh =
= 158
0,1023 + 0, 01

nBaSO3 =

Ta c M + 80 < M TB = 158 < 2 M + 96 . Ch c M = 39 tha mn iu kin ny. Chn p n B.


Bi tp tng t. Hn hp X gm M 2CO3 , MHCO3 v MCl (M l kim loi kim). Cho 32,65 gam X tc
dng va vi dung dch HCl thu c dung dch Y v c 17,6 gam CO2 thot ra. Dung dch T tc dng
vi dung dch AgNO3 d c 100,45 gam kt ta. Kim loi M l
A. Na

B. Li

C. K

D. Rb

Bi 2. ______________________________________________________________________________
Cho mt hp cht ca st tc dng vi H 2 SO4 c nng, to ra SO2 (sn phm kh duy nht). Nu t l

H 2 SO4 em dng v SO2 to ra l nH 2 SO4 : nSO2 = 4 :1 th cng thc phn t ca X l:


A. Fe

B. FeS

C. FeO
Li gii.

t nSO2 = a ( mol ) Ta c:

Nu X l oxit ca st th ta c qu trnh kh l

S +6 + 2e S +4
2a ( mol )

a ( mol )

nH 2 SO4 tao muoi = 4a - a = 3a ( mol )


nFe2 ( SO4 )3 = a ( mol ) nFe+3 = 2a ( mol )
2 Fe + x + 2(3 - x)e 2 Fe +3
2 a ( mol )

2 a ( mol )

x=2
Ngoi ra khng cn nguyn t no nhng hay nhn e
Vy cng thc X l FeO

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D. Fe3O4

Nu X l mui sunfua ca st th X c CTPT dng Fex S y (a mol)


Ta c cc qu trnh oxi ha kh

S +6 + 2e S +4
2 b( mol )

b ( mol )

Fe 2+ Fe3+ + 1e

ax ( mol )

2x
+
y

ay ( mol )

ax ( mol )

ax ( mol )

2x
S +4 + 4 - e
ay ( mol )
y

4 ay - 2 ax ( mol )

Vy nSO2 = ay + b (mol ) , nH 2 SO4 = nS +6 + nSO2- tao muoi = b +


4

3ax
( mol )
2

3ax
= 4(ay + b) (1)
2
Theo nh lut bo ton electron ta li c 2b = ax + (4ay - 2ax) ( 2 )
Suy ra b +

10b
3b
, y=
x : y = 10 : 3 (khng tn ti hp cht no
a
a
tha mn iu ny). Vy trng hp th hai khng tha mn.
Kt lun: Ch c FeO tha mn bi. Chn p n C.
Bnh lun: Vi trng hp X l oxit ca st, d nhn thy Fe2O3 phn ng khng to ra SO2 , ch xt FeO
Gii h phng trnh (1) v (2) suy ra x =

v Fe3O4 . Ta thy 1 mol ca hai cht ny khi phn ng u nhng 1 mol electron. Vy nu t

nSO2 = a ( mol ) th s mol ca FeO v Fe3O4 u l 2a (mol ) . Nhng ch c FeO mi to ra c mui


cha 3a (mol ) SO42- tha mn yu cu bi ra. Chn ngay FeO, p n B.
Bi tp tng t. X l mt hp cht ca Fe. Cho X tc dng vi H 2 SO4 c nng thy thot ra kh SO2 vi
t l mol X v SO2 l 2:9. X l:
A. Fe3O4

B. FeS

C. FeS2

D. FeO

p s: B. FeS
Bi 3. _____________________________________________________________________________
Cho t t a gam st vo V ml dung dch HNO3 1M khuy u cho n khi tan ht thy thot ra 0,448 lt kh
NO (ktc) ng thi thu c dung dch A . Dung dch A c kh nng lm my mu hon ton 10 ml dung

dch KMnO4 0,3M trong mi trng axit. Gi tr ca a v V l:


A. a =1,4 gam; V = 80 ml
C. a = 0,56 gam; V = 56 ml

B. a = 1,12 gam; V = 80 ml
D. a = 0,84 gam; V = 60 ml
Li gii.
Ta c cc phng trnh th hin qu trnh oxi ha kh:
N +5 + 3e N +2 ( NO )(1)
0,06

0,02

Fe Fe + 3e ( 2 )
+3

3x

Fe Fe + 2e ( 3)
+2

2y

+7

Mn + 5e M +2 (4)
0,003

Fe

2+

0,015

Fe3+ + 1e (5)
y

Theo phn ng kh KMnO4 , t (4) v (5) ta c y = 0, 015


Theo phn ng kh HNO3 , t (1), (2) & (3), ta c 3 x + 2 y = 0, 06 x = 0, 01(mol )
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Vy nFe = 0, 025 m = 1, 4 g
nHNO3 = nNO- tao muoi + nNO- bi khu = 3 x + 2 y + 0, 02 = 0, 08(mol )
3

Suy ra V = 80( ml )
Bi 4. _____________________________________________________________________________
Hn hp X gm c Al , Fex Oy . Tin hnh nhit nhm hon ton m( g ) hn hp X trong iu kin khng c
khng kh thu c hn hp Y. Chia Y thnh hai phn.
Phn 1. Cho tc dng vi NaOH d thu c 1,008 lt H 2 (ktc) v cn li 5,04 gam cht rn khng tan.
Phn 2 c khi lng 29,79 gam, cho tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d thu c 8,064 lt NO (ktc,
l sn phm kh duy nht).
Gi tr ca m v cng thc ca oxit st l
A. 39,72 gam & FeO
C. 38,91 gam & FeO

B. 39,72 gam & Fe3O4


D. 36,48 gam & Fe3O4
Li gii.

Cch 1
2 yAl + 3Fex Oy yAl2O3 + 3 xFe (1)
Phn ng nhit nhm hon ton m phn 1 to kh H 2 nn hn hp Y gm Al d , Fe, Al2O3
Phn 1
nAl = a ( mol ) ; nFe =b ( mol ) ; nAl2O3 = c ( mol )
Phng trnh phn ng
2 Al + 2 NaOH + 2 H 2O 2 NaAlO2 + 3H 2
0,03

0,045

mran = mFe = 5, 04 g . Suy ra nFe = 0, 09 ( mol )

Phn 2
nAl = ka ( mol ) ; nFe = kb ( mol ) ; nAl2O3 = kc ( mol )

Theo nh lut bo ton electron ta c: 3k ( a + b ) = 3k .0,123.nNO = 0,36.3 k = 3

29, 79 - (27.0, 09 + 56.0, 27)


= 0, 04(mol )
3.102
29, 79.4
m=
= 39, 72 g
3
T (1) ta c 0, 04.3 x = 0, 09 y 4 x = 3 y
Chn p n B
Cch 2.
Phn 1
Sau khi tc dng vi NaOH to ra kh nn sau khi nhit nhm th Al cn d
nAl = 0, 03
Cht rn cn li l Fe
nFe = 0, 09mol
n
1
Al =
nFe 3
Phn 2
Gi s mol ca Al l a th s mol ca Fe l 3a.
Bo ton electron ta c:
12a = 1, 08 a = 0, 09
mAl2O3 = 12, 24 nAl2O3 = 0,12
c=

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Suy ra phn 1 c nAl2O3 = 0, 04

m = 39, 72( gam)


Da vo s mol ca O v Fe suy ra CTPT ca oxit l Fe3O4 .
Bi 5. ______________________________________________________________________________
in phn in cc tr dung dch cha 0,2 mol AgNO3 vi cng dng in 2,68 A, trong thi gian t
(gi) thu c dung dch X (hiu sut ca qu trnh in phn l 100%). Cho 16,8 gam bt Fe vo X thy
thot ra kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht) v sau cc phn ng hon ton thu c 22,7 gam cht rn. Gi tr
ca t l:
A. 2,00
B. 1,00
C. 0,50
D. 0,25
Li gii.
4 AgNO3 + 2 H 2O 4 Ag + 4 HNO3 + O2
Gi x l s mol AgNO3 d v y l s mol HNO3 to ra. Tng s mol ca AgNO3 d v HNO3 chnh bng s
mol NO3- khng i. Do , ta c x + y = nNO- = 0, 2
3

Ag ti a to ra cng ch 0,2 mol tc l khi lng cht rn sau phn ng nh hn 21,6 gam. Vy trong
cht rn cn Fe d.

Fe + 2 Ag + Fe 2+ + 2 Ag
Fe + 4 HNO3 Fe( NO3 )3 + NO + 2 H 2O
Suy ra s mol Fe phn ng l 0.5 x +

3y
8

3y
.56) = 22, 7 - 16,8
8
T tm c x = y = 0,1 hay t = 3600 ( s ) = 1(h).
S mol Ag to ra l x, vy c 108 x - (0.5 x +

Bi 6. _______________________________________________________________________________
Cho 8,64 gam Al vo dung dch X (X c to thnh bng 74,7 gam hn hp Y gm CuCl2 v FeCl3 vo
nc). Kt thc phn ng thu c 17,76 gam cht rn gm hai kim loi. T l mol ca FeCl3 : CuCl2 trong
hn hp Y l:
A. 2:1
-

C. 3:1
D. 5:3
Li gii.
Nu d Al th chc chn hn hp kim loi phi cha c 3 kim loi Al, Cu v Fe. Do Al phi ht
sau phn ng v hai kim loi cn li l Cu v Fe .
Do Fe nn chc chn c 3 phn ng sau xy ra theo th t:
Al + 3 FeCl3 AlCl3 + 3 FeCl2
x
3

B. 3:2

2 Al + 3CuCl2 2AlCl3 + 3Cu


2
y
3

2 Al + 3FeCl2 3 AlCl3 + 3Fe ( y x


z

3
z
2

3
z , do Al phn ng ht.
2

x 2
+ y + z = 0,32
3 3
Khi lng hai mui ban u l 74,7 gam, suy ra x.162,5 + y.135 = 74, 7
Ta c nAl = 0,32(mol )

3
Khi lng hai kim loi thu c l 17,76, suy ra 64 x + 56. z = 17, 76
2
6 http://boxmath.vn 17/04/2012

Gii h ba phng trnh trn suy ra: x = 0,36; y = 0,12; z = 0,12


Vy x : y = 3 :1 . Chn p n C.
Bi 7. _______________________________________________________________________________
Cho 240 ml dung dch Ba (OH ) 2 1M vo 200 ml dung dch hn hp AlCl3 a mol/lt v Al2 ( SO4 )3 2a mol/lt
thu c 51,3 gam kt ta. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 0,12
B. 0,15

C. 0,16
Li gii.

D. 0,2

Trong cc dung dch c 0,24 mol Ba 2+ ; 0,48 mol OH - , a mol Al 3+ ; 0,6a mol Cl - ; 1,2a mol SO42- .
Xt bng sau da theo cc gi tr ca a
a
0,12
Nhn xt

4a < 0, 48; 1, 2a < 0, 24

mBaSO4

1, 2a.233 = 279, 6a

mAl (OH )3

Tng khi
lng kt ta

279, 6a
279, 6a = 51,3
a = 0,183 > 0,12
(loi)

Gi tr ca a

3a < 0, 48 < 4a;


1, 2a < 0, 24
1, 2a.233 = 279, 6a
(4a - 0, 48).78
= 312a - 37, 44

0,16

0, 48 < 3a
1, 2a < 0, 24
1, 2a.233 = 279, 6a

0,2

0, 48 < 3a
1, 2a > 0, 24

0,24.233=55,92

0,16.78=12,48

0,16.78=12,48

591, 6a - 37, 44

279, 6a + 12, 48

68,4 > 51,3

591, 6a - 37, 44 = 51,3


a = 0,15
(nhn)

279, 6a + 12, 48 = 51,3


a = 0,138
(loi)

loi

T , suy ra a nhn gi tr duy nht l 0,15. Chn p n B.


Bnh lun. bi ton trn, nhn thy lng kt ta lun tng ln nn ta c th s dng mc so snh ti cc
gi tr 0,12; 0,16 v 0,2. T d dng nhn thy 51,3 thuc khong gi tr ca khi lng kt ta khi a c
gi tr t 0,12 n 0,16.
Bi 8. ______________________________________________________________________________
un nng hn hp gm Fe v S c t l mol 1:2 trong bnh kn cha khng kh thu c hn hp X. Cho
hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch HCl d n khi phn ng hon ton thy khi lng cht rn gim 60%.
Hiu sut ca phn ng l:
A. 50%
B. 25%
C. 33,33%
D. 66,67%
Li gii.
Gi s ban u c 1 mol Fe v 2 mol S. Khi lng ca hn hp ban u l m1 = 1.56 + 2.32 = 120( gam)
M khi lng c bo ton, suy ra hn hp rn lc sau cng c m2 = m1 = 120( gam)
Fe+ S FeS
1- x

2- x

Trong hn hp lc sau, ch c Fe v FeS phn ng HCl. Li c khi lng cht rn gim 60%, nn S chim
40% khi lng. Do
(2 - x)32
0,5
= 40% x = 0,5 H =
.100% = 50%
120
1
Bi 9. ______________________________________________________________________________
5
Cho a mol kim loi M (ha tr n khng i) tan va ht trong dung dch cha a mol H 2 SO4 c 19,32
4
gam mui v kh B. Lng kh B c hp th hon ton bi 250ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M to thnh 2,12
gam mui. Xc nh kim loi.
A. Na
B. Cu
C. Zn
D. Al
7 http://boxmath.vn 17/04/2012

Li gii.
Gi n l ha tr ca kim loi, nu n = 1 th da vo p n nhn thy M l Na. Na tc dng vi H 2 SO4 to
ra kh H 2 khng b hp th hon ton bi NaOH
Ta li c M M 2 ( SO4 ) n nn s mol SO42- to mui l nSO2- (*) =
4

an
2

an 5a
<
n < 2,5 . Do n = 2
2
4
Vy s mol SO42- to mui l nSO2- (1) = a
Ta phi c

S mol SO42- b kh l nSO2- (1)


4

Ta c: M M
Nhn thy

2+

5
a
= a-a =
4
4

+ 2e . Suy ra s mol electron tham gia qu trnh oxi ha kh l ne = 2nM = 2a

ne
nSO2- (2)

= 8 . Suy ra B l H 2 S

Gi x v y ln lt l s mol ca cc mui NaHS v Na2 S khi cho H 2 S phn ng vi NaOH


Bo ton Na ta c x + 2 y = 0, 2.0, 25 = 0, 05
Khi lng ca cc mui l 56 x + 78 y = 2,12
Gii h 2 phng trnh trn suy ra x = 0, 01; y = 0, 02 , dn n nH 2 S = 0, 03
Bo ton electron suy ra 2a = 8.nH 2 S a = 0,12(mol )
Ta c 0,12( M + 96) = 19,32 M = 65.
Kt lun M l Zn.
Bi 10. _____________________________________________________________________________
Cho 9,6 gam kim loi R tc dng vi 500ml dung dch HNO3 c mol/lt va , thu c 2,24 lt kh A (l
kh duy nht, ktc) v dung dch B. C cn dung dch B thu c 59,2 gam mui khan. A khng th l kh
no sau y?
A. N 2O
B. N 2
C. NO
D. NO2
Li gii.
Gi x v y ln lt l s mol ca R ( NO3 ) n v NH 4 NO3 trong dung dch sau phn ng.
Ta c cc qu trnh oxi ha kh l
R R + n + ne
x

nx

N +5 + k .e N +5- k
N +5 + 8e N -3
Gi N e l s mol electron m HNO3 nhn to thnh 1 mol kh. D thy N e c th nhn cc gi tr l 1, 3,
8,10 ln lt tng ng vi cc kh NO2 , NO, N 2O, N 2
Bo ton electron ta c: xn = 8 y + 0,1N e (1)
Khi lng ca kim loi v ca mui ln lt cho ta cc phng trnh l
(2)
xR = 9, 6

xR + 80 y + xn.62 = 59, 2 (3)


Thay (1) v (3) vo (2) ta c 9, 6 + 80 y + (8 y + 0,1N e )62 = 59, 2 576 y + 6, 2 N e = 49, 6
Suy ra N e 8. Vy A khng th l N 2 . Chn p n B.

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Bi 11 20
Bi 11. _____________________________________________________________________________
Cho 13,32 mol hn hp Zn v ZnO tan hon ton trong dung dch cha 0,38 mol H 2 SO4 thu c mt sn
phm duy nht v dung dch ch cha mui sunfat. S mol sn phm kh thu c l:
A. 0,19
B. 0,18
C. 0,16
D. 0,20
Li gii.
Gi x v y ln lt l s mol ca Zn v ZnO trong hn hp
Gi N e l s mol electron m H 2 SO4 nhn to thnh 1 mol kh. D thy N e c th nhn cc gi tr l 2,
6, 8 tng ng vi cc sn phm kh l SO2 , S , H 2 S .
Vi vic tnh khi lng hn hp v bo ton nguyn t S ta c h phng trnh
65x + 81 y = 13,32 (1)

2x
N + x + y = 0,38 (2)
e
T (1) suy ra
13,32
13,32
< x+ y <
81
65
2x
0,164 < 0,38 < 0, 216
Ne
0,175 <

Cng t (1) ta suy ra x <

2x
< 0, 216
Ne

2x
2.0, 205
13,32
<
= 2,35 . Vy N e = 2 . Thay vo h
= 0, 205 , do N e <
0,175
0,175
65

phng trnh ta tm c

x = 0,18

y = 0, 02.

Vy s

mol sn phm kh

SO2

0,18.2
= 0,18(mol ) .
2
Chn p n B.
Bnh lun. Do N e ch nhn cc gi tr 2, 6, 8 nn ta c th thay N e vo h phng trnh (1)(2) gii ba
nSO2 =

trng hp v tm nghim x, y ph hp.


Cu 12. _____________________________________________________________________________
X l hn hp ca hai kim loi gm kim loi kim M v kim loi kim th R. Ly 28,8 gam X ha tan vo
nc thu c 6,72 lt kh H 2 (ktc). em 2,8 gam Li luyn thm vo 28,8 gam X th phn trm khi lng
Li trong hp kim va luyn c l 13,29%. Kim loi kim th R trong X l?
A. Mg
B. Ca
C. Ba
D. Sr
Li gii.
Nu trong X khng c Li, th sau khi luyn thm 2,8 gam; phn trm ca Li trong hp kim ch l
2,8
= 9, 72%. Vy nn trong X c sn mt lng Li, hay M chnh l Li.
28,8
Gi s mol ca Li v R trong X ban u ln lt l x v y, ta c
(0, 4 + x).7
= 13, 29% x = 0, 2
28,8 + 2,8
Theo phn ng ca X vi H 2 , ta li c x + 2 y = 0,3.2, suy ra y = 0, 2. D dng tm ra R l Ba.

9 http://boxmath.vn 17/04/2012

Cu 13. _____________________________________________________________________________
t hn hp gm 0,4 mol Fe v 0,2 mol Cu trong bnh ng kh O2 , sau mt thi gian thu c m gam
cht rn. em cht rn ny tc dng vi HCl d, sau phn ng hon ton c 3,36 lt kh thot ra ( ktc) v
6,4 gam kim loi khng tan. Gi tr ca m c th l:
A. 44,8
B. 41,6
C. 40,8
D. 38,4
Li gii.
Do c kim loi khng tan nn sau phn ng, dung dch c cc ion l Fe 2+ v Cu 2+ vi s mol ln lt l x
v y.
m - 35, 2
Bo ton khi lng, ta c m = 0, 4.56 + 0, 2.64 + 16.nO nO =
16
Qu trnh oxi ha kh l
Fe Fe 2+ + 2e ; Cu Cu 2+ + 2e
x

2x

2y

2-

O + 2e O ; 2 H + 2e H 2

m -35,2
16

m -35,2
8

0,3

0,15

m - 35, 2
(*)
8
Khi lng kim loi khng tan l 56(0, 4 - x) + 64(0, 2 - y ) = 6, 4 56x + 64 y = 28,8 (**)
Bo ton electron, ta c 2 x + 2 y = 0,3 +

28,8
28,8
m - 35, 2
28,8
28,8
< x+ y <
2.
< 2.
- 0,3 <
- 0,3
64
56
8
64
56
Suy ra 40 < m < 41, 024. i chiu vi p n, ch c C tha mn.

T (**) suy ra

Bi 14.______________________________________________________________________________
Cho 12,4 gam hn hp gm mt kim loi kim v oxit ca n tc dng vi dung dch HCl d th thu c
27,75 gam mui khan. Kim loi kim th l
A. Ba
B. Mg
C. Ca
D. Sr
Li gii.
Gi x v y ln lt l l s mol ca kim loi kim M cn phi tm v oxit ca n, ta c
2 M + 2 HCl 2 MCl + H 2
x

M 2O + 2 HCl 2 MCl + H 2O
y

Ta c cc phng trnh da trn khi lng hn hp ban u v khi lng mui.

x.M + y ( 2 M + 16 ) = 12, 4

( M + 35,5)( x + y ) = 27, 75
12, 4
27, 75
12, 4
< x+ y =
<
T (1)(2) suy ra
. Gii h bt phng trnh ny ta c 0 < M < 28, 7
2 M + 16
M + 35,5 M
Vy suy ra gi tr thch hp nht ca M l 24. M l Mg.
Bi 15. ____________________________________________________________________________
Cho 11,36 gam hn hp gm Fe, FeO, Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 phn ng ht vi dung dch HNO3 long d thu c
1,344 lt kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht, kc) v dung dch X. Dung dch X c th ho tan ti a 12,88
gam Fe (to kh NO duy nht). S mol HNO3 c trong dung dch u l?
A.0,88mol
Ta c nNO =

B.1,04mol

1,344
= 0, 06(mol )
22, 4

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C.0,64mol
Li gii.

D.0,94mol

Quy i hn hp ban u thnh:


Fe : x(mol ) 56 x + 16 y = 11,36
x = 0,16

O : y (mol )
3 x = 2 y + 0, 06.3
y = 0,15
S mol HNO3 phn ng vi Fe v cc oxit bng tng s mol ca N c trong kh v mui nitrat:
nHNO3 (1) = nNO + 3.nFe = 0, 06 + 0,16.3

Gi s dung dch sau phn ng c a mol HNO3 . dung dch X c th ha tan ti a lng st th sau dung
dch ch to mui Fe 2+
Phng trnh phn ng
3Fe + 8 H + + 2 NO3- 3Fe 2+ + 2 NO + 4 H 2O
a

Fe + 2 Fe3+ 3Fe 2+
0,16

3a 0,16
+
= 0, 23 a = 0, 4(mol )
8
2
Suy ra tng s mol HNO3 c trong dung dch ban u l: nHNO3 = (0, 06 + 0,16.3) + 0, 4 = 0,94

S mol Fe b ha tan ti a l:

Bi 16. _____________________________________________________________________________
Ha tan hn hp X nng m gam gm Fe, FeCl2 , FeCl3 trong HNO3 c nng c 8,96 lt NO2 (sn phm
kh duy nht ktc) v dung dch Y. Thm NaOH d vo Y c 32,1 gam kt ta. Gi tr m l:
A. 16,8
B. 25,675
C. 34,55
D. 17,75
Li gii.
Sau khi thm NaOH, kt ta ch c Fe(OH )3 v nFe (OH )3 = 0,3
Ta hon i hn hp thnh Fe v Cl. t nCl = x
p dng nh lut bo ton electron, ta c 3.0,3 = x + 0, 4.1 x = 0,5
Vy m = 0,5.35,5 + 0,3.56 = 34,55
Bi 17.______________________________________________________________________________
Cho m gam KOH vo 2 lt KHCO3 a (M) c 2 lt X. Ly 1 lt X tc dng vi BaCl2 d thu c kt ta
15,76 g kt ta. Mt khc cho 1 lt X tc dng CaCl2 d ri un nng, sau cc phn ng xy ra hon ton
thu c 10 g kt ta. Gi tr ca m v a ln lt l:
A. 5,6 g; 0,04 M
B. 8,96 g; 0,12 M
C. 4,48 g; 0,06 M
D. 5,04 g; 0,07 M
Li gii.
Ta c nBaCO3 = 0, 08(mol )
Gi s KOH d th nCaCO3 = nBaCO3 = 0, 08(mol ) mCaCO3 = 8( g ) (loi)
Do KOH thiu, khi cho CaCl2 to mui cacbonat v hidro cacbonat

nCaCO3 = 0, 08(mol )

10 - 8
= 0, 02(mol )
nCa ( HCO3 )2 =
100

Bo ton nguyn t C th ta c:
nKHCO3 = 0, 08 + 0, 02.2 = 0,12(mol ) CM ( KHCO3 ) = 0,12 B
Bi 18. ____________________________________________________________________________

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Lc 13,14 gam Cu vi 250ml AgNO3 0,6M mt thi gian thu c 22,56 cht rn A v dung dch B. nhng
kim loi M nng 15, 45 gam vo dung dch B khuy u n khi phn ng hon ton thu c dung dch ch
cha 1 mui duy nht v 17,355 g cht rn Z. Xc nh M.
Li gii.
Tng khi lng kim loai v ion kim loi a vo dung dch: m1 = 13,14 + 0, 25.0, 6.108 + 15, 45 = 44, 79 g
Tng khi lng kim loi ly ra khi dung dch: m2 = 17,355 + 22,56 = 39,915 g
Vy tng khi lng ion kim loi cn li trong dung dch sau cc phn ng m = m1 - m2 = 4,875
Ta c nNO 3- = 0,15 ( mol ) . Bo ton in tch trong dung dch cui s mol in tch dng cng l 0,15 mol
Gi ha tr ca M cn tm l n

4,875
.n
M
Th chn vi n = 1, 2,3 . Ch c n = 2; M = 65 l ph hp
0,15 =

Vy M l Zn .
Cu 19. ___________________________________________________________________________
Ha tan 3 gam hn hp kim loi R ha tr I, M ha tr II vo dung dch hn hp HNO3 , H 2 SO4 . Sau phn
ng thu c dung dch A v 1,344 lt hn hp B gm NO2 v kh C , khi lng hn hp B l 2,94 gam.
Nu ly 1 t dung dch A cho tc dng lng d Cu v H 2 SO4 long th khng c kh thot ra. Tnh khi
lng mui khan trong dung dch A ?
Li gii.
Do khi cho dung dch H 2 SO4 c 1 lng Cu th khng thy c phn ng nn trong dung dch khng cn
ion NO3- . V vy trong dung dch cn ton mui ca SO42Ta c khi lng trung bnh ca hn hp kh l M =

2,94
= 49 C l kh SO2 .
0, 06

46 x + 64 y = 2,94
x = 0, 05
Do ta c h

x + y = 0, 06
y = 0, 01
Lng electron m kim loi cho i l 0, 05.1 + 0, 01.2 = 0, 07

0, 07
.96 = 6,36( g )
2
Bi 20. ____________________________________________________________________________
Dung dch X gm FeCl2 , MgCl2 , AlCl3 . Cho 200ml dung dch X tc dng vi NaOH long d thu c
Khi lng mui l m = 3 +

20,6 g kt ta. Nu cho 200 ml dung dch X tc dng vi lng d Na2CO3 ta thu c 44 g kt ta. Nu
cho 200 ml dung dch X tc dng vi lng d NH 3 . Lc kt ta nung n khi lng khng i trong
khng kh thu c 26,2 g cht rn. Tnh nng mol ca cc cht trong X ?
Li gii.
Cho NaOH vo dung dch th c kt ta : Fe(OH ) 2 v Mg (OH ) 2
Cho Na2CO3 vo dung dch th c kt ta FeCO3 , MgCO3 v Al (OH )3
Cho NH 3 vo dung dch th c kt ta Fe2O3 , MgO. Al2O3
Gi s mol cc mui ln lt trong X l a, b, c
Ta c h phng trnh 3 n :

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90a + 58b = 20, 6

116a + 84b + 78c = 44


80a + 40b + 51c = 26, 2

T y d dng tnh c nng .

a = 0,1; b = c = 0, 2

Bi 21 30
Bi 21.______________________________________________________________________________
Cho 8,96 lt hn hp 2 kh H 2 v CO (ktc) i qua ng s ng 0,2 mol Al2O3 v 0,3 mol CuO nung nng
n phn ng hon ton thu c cht rn X. X phn ng va trong 0,5 lt dung dch HNO3 c nng
a M (sn phm kh l kh NO duy nht). Gi tr ca a l:
A. 3,67
B. 2,80
C. 4,00
Li gii.
Qu trnh oxi ha kh l
H 2 2 H + + 2e

D. 2,00

CO CO2 + 2e
Cu 2+ + 2e Cu
0,3 mol

0 ,6 mol

Nhn thy mi mol CO hoc H 2 u nhng 2 electron. Vy 0,4 mol hn hp hai kh s nhng

0,8 mol e (> 0, 6 mol e) . Vy CuO ht. X bao gm 0,2 mol Al2O3 v 0,3 mol Cu .
3Cu + 8 HNO3 3Cu ( NO3 ) 2 + 2 NO + 4 H 2O
Al2O3 + 6 HNO3 2 Al ( NO3 )3 + 3H 2O
Suy ra s mol HNO3 phn ng l nHNO3 = 0,8 + 0, 2.6 = 2 CM = 4, 00 .
Bi 22. _____________________________________________________________________________
Nung nng m gam hn hp Al v Fe2O3 (trong mi trng khng c khng kh) n khi phn ng xy ra
hon ton, thu c hn hp rn Y . Chia Y thnh hai phn bng nhau:
Phn 1 tc dng vi dung dch H 2 SO4 long (d), sinh ra 3, 08 lt kh H 2 ( ktc);

Phn 2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH (d), sinh ra 0,84 lt kh H 2 ( ktc).

Gi tr ca m l
A. 22, 75

B. 21, 40

C. 29, 40

D. 29, 43

Li gii
T gi thuyt phn 2 suy ra Al d, v do phn ng hon ton nn Fe2O3 ht nAl ( du ) = 0, 025(mol ) v

nFe = (3, 08 - 0,84) : 22, 4 = 0,1( mol )


nFe (phan ung) = nAl = 0,1mol nFe2O3 = 0, 05 ( mol )
m = 2.(160.0, 05 + 27.(0, 025 + 0,1)) = 22, 75 g

Cu 23. ____________________________________________________________________________
Hn hp X gm Na v Al . Cho m gam X vo 1 lng nc(d) th thot ra V lt kh. Nu cng cho m gam
X vo dung dch NaOH d th thu c 1, 75V lt kh. Thnh phn % theo khi lng ca Na trong X l :
(bit cc th tch o cng iu kin)
Li gii

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Gi s mol Na l x , s mol Al l y
Vit phng trnh phn ng ra
x 3x
nH 2 (1) = +
= 2x
2 2
x 3y
nH 2 (2) = +
2 2
nH (2)
Theo bi ta c 2
= 1, 75 y = 2 x
nH 2 (1)

23 x
= 29,87%
23 x + 27 y
Bi 24._____________________________________________________________________________
Cho dung dch cha 6,03 gam hn hp gm hai mui NaX v NaY (X, Y l hai nguyn t c trong t
nhin, hai chu k lin tip thuc nhm VIIA, s hiu nguyn t Z X < ZY ) vo dung dch AgNO3 (d), thu
Phn trm Na =

c 8,61 gam kt ta. Phn trm khi lng ca NaX trong hn hp ban u l
A. 58,2%.
B. 41,8%.
C. 52,8%.
D. 47,2%.
Li gii
Nu NaX v NaY u to kt ta vi AgNO3

NaZ + AgNO3 AgZ + NaNO3 (Z l nguyn t trung bnh ca X v Y )


1 mol mui NaZ to thnh 1 mol kt ta AgZ th khi lng chnh lch l 108 - 23 = 85 gam
Gi s mol ca NaZ l x th x.85 = 8, 61 - 6, 02
x = 0,3

6, 03
= 201 M Z = 178
0, 03
I < M Z = 178 < At
M NaZ =

Vy nn ch c 1 cht to kt ta.
Suy ra NaX l NaF
NaCl + AgNO3 AgCl + NaNO3
0,06

0,06

Ta c nAgCl = 0, 06 ( mol )

mNaCl = 3,51 mNaF = 6, 03 - 3,51 = 2,52 g % mNaF =

2,52
.100 = 41,8%
6, 03

Bi 25. ______________________________________________________________________________________
Nung mt hn hp rn gm a mol FeCO3 v b mol FeS2 trong bnh kn cha khng kh (d). Sau khi cc
phn ng Xy ra hon ton, a bnh v nhit ban u, thu c cht rn duy nht l Fe2O3 v hn hp
kh. Bit p sut kh trong bnh trc v sau phn ng bng nhau, mi lin h gia a v b l (bit sau cc
phn ng, lu hunh mc oxi ho +4, th tch cc cht rn l khng ng k)
\
A. a = 0,5b.
B. a = b.
C. a = 4b.
D. a = 2b.
Li gii
Ta c cc phn ng
4 FeCO3 + O2 2 Fe2O3 + 4 CO2
a

a
4

4 FeS2 + 11O2 2 Fe2O3 + 8SO2


b

11
b
4

2b

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Theo gi thit suy ra

a 11b
+
= a + 2b a = b
4 4

Chn p n B.
Bi 26. ______________________________________________________________________________________
Ha tan hn hp gm m gam Cu v 116 gam Fe3O4 vo dung dch H 2 SO4 long d sau khi cc phn ng
kt thc ch thu c dung dch X . X lm mt mu va 300 ml dung dch KMnO4 0, 4 M . Gi tr ca m
l?
Li gii.
Phn ng to thnh dung dch X
Fe3O4 + 4 H 2 SO4 FeSO4 + Fe2 ( SO4 )3 + 4 H 2O
0,5

0,5

3+

2+

Cu + 2 Fe Cu + 2 Fe
x

0,5

2+

2x

Phn ng khi cho X tc dng vi KMnO4


Fe 2+ Fe3+ + 1e
2 x + 0,5

2 x + 0,5

7+

Mn + 5e Mn 2+
Bo ton electron ta c 0,12.5 = 2 x + 0,5 x = 0, 05 . Vy mCu = 3, 2( gam)
Bi 27. ____________________________________________________________________________
Nung m gam hn hp X gm FeS v FeS2 trong mt bnh kn cha khng kh (gm 20% th tch O2 v
80% th tch N 2 ) n khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c mt rn duy nht v hn hp kh Y c
thnh phn th tch 84,8% N 2 , 14% SO2 , cn li l O2 . Phn trm khi lng FeS trong hn hp X l:
A. 42,31%

B. 59,46%

C. 19,64%
Li gii.

D. 26,83%.

Chn 1 mol hn hp Y :
nN2 = 0,848(mol )

nSO2 = 0,14(mol )

nO2 = 1 - (0,848 + 0,14) = 0, 012(mol )


Khng kh (gm 20% th tch O2 v 80% th tch N 2 ):

1
1
nN2 = 0,848 = 0, 212(mol ) nO2 pu = 0, 212 - 0, 012 = 0, 2(mol )
4
4
Quy hn hp X v FeS v FeS2 . t Fe:a (mol); S:b (mol)
nO2 bd =

4 Fe + 3O2 2 Fe2O3

S + O2 SO2
b = 0,14(mol );0, 75a + b = 0, 2(mol ) a = 0, 08(mol )

FeS : x(mol )
t
FeS2 : y (mol )
Bo ton cc nguyn t Fe v S ta c
Fe : x + y = 0, 08(mol )

S : x + 2 y = 0,14(mol )

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x = 0, 02(mol ); y = 0, 06(mol )
0, 02.88
.100% = 19, 64%
0, 02.88 + 0, 06.120
Bi 28. ______________________________________________________________________________
Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp X gm FeS2 v Cu2 S trong H 2 SO4 c nng d thu c 4,48 lt kh
% Fe =

SO2 . Nu ha tan m gam hn hp X ni trn vo HNO3 c nng d th thu c dung dch Y . Ly 1/2
dung dch Y cho tc dng vi BaCl2 d thu c 5,825 gam kt ta. Gi tr m l:
A. 4g

B. 2,8g

C. 5,2g
Li gii.

Trong phn ng vi HNO , ton b lng S


3

D. 4,4g

trong mui chuyn thnh ion SO42-

5,825
= 0, 025(mol )
233
Gi s mol ca FeS2 l x(mol ) , Cu2 S l y (mol ) .
Suy ra nS = 2.

Ta c: 2 x + y = 0, 025.2(1)
Cc qu trnh oxi ha kh
FeS2 2 Fe3+ + SO42- + 15e
Cu2 S 2Cu 2+ + SO42- + 10e
SO42- + 2e SO2

p ng nh lut bo ton e, ta c 15 x + 10 y = 0, 2.2(2)


T (1) v (2) suy ra x = 0, 02 ( mol ) ; y = 0, 01( mol ) . Suy ra m = 4( g )
Bnh lun. C mt li sai trong li gii ny. D php tnh ton cho ra kt qu ng v khi lm bi trc
nghim hon ton c th s dng cch ny.
Nhng cch vit phng trnh bo ton e l hon ton sai v mt bn cht phn ng. C th, khi cho mui
sunfua phn ng vi H 2 SO4 c nng th S (ca mui) ch c th ln s oxi ha +4.
Sa li phng trnh cn bng e nh sau

FeS2 Fe3+ + 2 SO2 + 11e


x

2x

Cu2 S Cu 2+ + SO2 + 8e
y

24

SO + 2e SO2

0,2 - ( x + y )

Suy ra 11x + 8 y = 2 0, 2 - ( 2 x + y )
D dng nhn thy, phng trnh ny cng tng ng vi (2) trn.
Do vy kt qu cho ra cng tng t.
Bi 29. _____________________________________________________________________________________
Thm V (lt) dung dch Ba (OH ) 2 0,1M vo 100 ml KAl ( SO4 ) 2 0,1M c 2,1375 gam kt ta. Tnh V?
A. 0,05

B. 0,075

C. 0,08
Li gii.

D. 0,01

Gi a l s mol ca Ba (OH ) 2 , ta xt:

Nu a < 0, 015 , ta c nBa < nSO2- = 0, 02(mol ) v nOH - < 0, 03 = 3.nAl 3+ nn: nAl (OH )3 =
4

nBaSO4 = a . Ta c phng trnh:

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2a
v
3

2a
.78 = 2,1375 a = 0, 0075 < 0, 015 (tha mn)
3
Suy ra V = 0,075 lt.
Nu 0, 015 a < 0, 02 , ta c nBa < nSO2- = 0, 02(mol ) v 3.nAl (OH )3 = 0, 03 nOH - < 0, 04 = 4.nAl 3+ .

2a
v nBaSO4 = a . Ta c phng trnh:
3
2a
233a + (0, 4 - ).78 = 2,1375 a = 9, 6.10- 3 < 0, 015 (khng tha mn)
3
Nu a 0, 02 th kt ta Al (OH )3 b ha tan ht v nBaSO4 = 0, 02(mol )

233a +

nAl (OH )3 = 0, 4 -

Suy ra khi lng kt ta l m = 0, 02.233 2,1375 (khng tha mn)


Vy chn p n B.
Bi 30. ______________________________________________________________________________________
Nung 18,96 gam hn hp X gm Cu , Cu ( NO3 ) 2 trong bnh kn khng cha khng kh n khi phn ng
hon ton thu c m gam rn Y. ha tan ht Y cn dng 400 ml dung dch HNO3 1M, thu c a mol
kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Gi tr m v a ln lt l
A. 12,48 v 0,08
B. 13,44 v 0.04
C. 12,48 v 0,04
D. 13,44 v 0,08
Li gii.
Ta c cc phng trnh:
Nhit phn Cu ( NO3 ) 2

2Cu ( NO3 ) 2 2CuO + 4 NO2 + O2 (1)


x

x
2

Cu kim loi tc dng vi O2 c sinh ra (1)

2Cu + O2 2 CuO
x

x
2

Hn hp Y bao gm CuO v Cu tc dng vi HNO3


3 Cu + 8 HNO3 3Cu ( NO3 ) 2 + 4 H 2O + 2 NO
y

8
y
3

CuO + 2 HNO3 Cu ( NO3 ) 2 + H 2O


x+x

4x

8
y + 4 x = 0, 4 v ( x + y )64 + x(64 + 62.2) = 18,96
3
Gii ra ta c x = y = 0, 06
Suy ra cc phng trnh:

D dng tnh c m = 13, 44 v nNO = 0, 04


Vy chn p n B.

Bi 31 40
Bi 31. ____________________________________________________________________________
Cho m gam hn hp X gm Al , Fe3O4 , FeO, Fe2O3 tc dng vi dung dch HCl d thu c dung dch

Y , trong khi lng ca FeCl2 l 31,75 gam v 8,064 lt H 2 (ktc). C cn dung dch Y thu c
151,54 gam cht rn khan. Nu cho m gam hn hp X tc dng vi dung dch HNO3 long d thu c

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dung dch Z v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht). C cn dung dch Z thu c bao nhiu gam mui
khan?
A. 242,3
B. 268,4
C. 189,6
D. 254,9
Li gii.
Do HCl d nn ta ch c cc qu trnh oxi ha kh l: Al Al 3+ + 3e v 2 H + + 2e H 2
D dng tnh c nAl = 0, 24 ( mol )
Li c nFe2+ = 0, 25 ( mol ) nFe3+ =

151,54 - 31, 75 - 0, 24.133,5


= 0,54 ( mol )
162,5

Do lng HNO3 dng d nn : mZ = 0, 24.213 + (0, 25 + 0,54).242 = 242,3 gam.


Bi 32. ______________________________________________________________________________
Ha tan hon ton hn hp X gm 0,11 mol Al v 0,15 mol Cu vo dung dch HNO3 th thu c 1,568 lt
(ktc) hn hp Y gm 2 kh (trong c mt kh khng mu ha nu ngoi khng kh) v dung dch Z cha
2 mui. Xc nh s mol HNO3 tham gia phn ng.
A. 0,63

B. 0,7

C. 0,77
D. 0,76
Li gii.
Hn hp Y cha kh khng mu ha nu ngoi khng kh l NO (x mol)
Gi s to thnh kh cn li, 1 mol HNO3 phi nhn N e mol electron v s mol kh ny l y
Do X tan hon ton, Z ch cha hai mui nn Z khng c NH 4 NO3 .
Ta lp cc phng trnh bo ton e v s mol ca Y

x.N e + y.3 = 0, 63 (1)

(2)
x + y = 0, 07
Ta c N e > 3 (v nu N e < 3 th 0, 63 = x.N e + y.3 < 3( x + y ) = 0, 21, v l)
Suy ra 0, 63 = x.N e + 3 y < N e ( x + y ) < N e .0, 07 N e 9 . Vy N e = 10 v kh cn li l N 2 . Thay vo h
phng trnh, ta tm c x = 0, 06; y = 0, 01.
S mol HNO3 tham gia phn ng l nHNO3 = 0, 63 + 0, 06.2 + 0, 01 = 0, 76(mol )
Bi 33. ______________________________________________________________________________
Cho x mol Fe tan hon ton trong dung dch cha y mol HNO3 ( x : y = 16 : 61 ) thu c mt sn phm kh
duy nht v dung dch ch cha mui nitrat. S mol e do lng st trn nhng l khi b ha tan l:
A. y
B. 3x
C. 2x
D. 0,75y
Li gii.
C th gi s x = 16 v y = 61
Dung dch sau phn ng c th c mui Fe 2+ (a mol) v Fe3+ (b mol)
Ta c qu trnh oxi ha kh l:
Fe Fe 2+ + 2e; Fe Fe3+ + 3e
a

+5

2a

3b

5- k

N + ke N
Gi k l s mol electron m 1 mol HNO3 nhn to ra 1 mol nguyn t N trong kh sn phm kh. k nhn
cc gi tr 1, 3, 4, 5 tng ng vi cc sn phm kh NO2 , NO, N 2O, N 2
Bo ton e, suy ra s mol sn phm kh l nN 5-k =
Bo ton nguyn t Fe v N ta c h phng trnh
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2a + 3b
k

a + b = 16

2a + 3b
= 61
2a + 3b + k
61k
< 3(a + b) = 48 1,1 < k < 3, 7
k +1
Vy k = 3, v kh l NO . T tm c a = 2, 25 v b = 13, 75. Suy ra ne = 2a + 3b = 45, 75 = 0, 75 y
Suy ra 2(a + b) = 32 < 2a + 3b =

Chn p n D.
Bi 34. _____________________________________________________________________________
Ha tan ht 6,08 gam hn hp gm Cu v Fe bng dung dich HNO3 thu c dung dch X v 1,792 lt NO
(dktc). Thm t t 2,88 gam bt Mg vo dung dch X n khi phn ng hon ton thu c 0,448 lt NO
(ktc), dung dch Y v m gam cht rn khng tan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 4,96 gam
B. 3,84 gam
C. 6,4 gam
D. 4,4 gam
Li gii.
Nhn xt
Do khi cho 2,88 gam bt Mg vo HNO3 cn to ra NO nn HNO3 d phn ng th 1.
Do khi cho Mg vo X th c th xem Mg phn ng vi HNO3 u tin. nMg =

3
nNO = 0, 03(mol )
2

Suy ra s mol Mg phn ng vi dung dch mui l 0,09 mol


Mt khc, cn m gam cht rn nn, sau phn ng th 2, HNO3 ht v dung dch khng cha mui

Fe3+ .
Xt phn ng u tin, ta c h phng trnh
64x + 56 y = 6, 08 x = 0, 06

2x + 3 y = 0, 08.3
y = 0, 04
Cc phng trnh phn ng
Mg + 2 Fe3+ Mg 2+ + 2 Fe 2+
0,02

0,04

0,04

Mg + Cu
0,06

2+

0,06

Mg

2+

+ Cu
0,06

Mg + Fe 2+ Mg 2+ + Fe
0,09 - 0,08

0,01

0,01

Vy khi lng cht rn l m = 56.0, 01 + 64.0, 06 = 4, 4.


Bi 35. ____________________________________________________________________________
Ly m(g) K cho tc dung 500ml dung dch HNO3 thu c dung dch M v thot ra 0,336(l) hn hp N
(ktc) gm 2 kh X v Y. Cho thm vo M vo dung dch KOH d th thot ra 0,224 (l) Y. Bit qu trnh
kh HNO3 ch to ra 1 sn phm kh duy nht. m c gi tr l
A. 3,12

B. 7,8

C. 12,48
D. 6,63
Li gii.
Dung dch M tc dng c vi KOH to kh , suy ra dung dch M c NH 4 NO3 d sau phn ng u
tin
Qu trnh kh HNO3 to sn phm kh duy nht l NH 4 NO3

19 http://boxmath.vn 17/04/2012

8 K + 10 HNO3 8 KNO3 + NH 4 NO3 + 3H 2O


8x

K + H 2O KOH +
y

y
H2
2 2y

NH 4 NO3 + KOH KNO3 + NH 3 + H 2O (do NH 4 NO3 d)


y

y
0,336
+y=
= 0, 015 y = 0, 01
2
22, 4
0, 224
= 0, 01 x = 0, 02
Dung dch M c: nNH 4 NO3 du = x - 0, 01 = nY =
22, 4
Vy m = 39.(8 x + y ) = 6, 63( g )
Hn hp kh N gm H 2 v NH 3 c s mol:

Bi 36. _____________________________________________________________________________
ha tan ht mt ming km trong dung dch axit HCl 20o C cn 27 pht. Nu thc hin th nghim

40o C th thi gian phn ng l 3 pht. Nu thc hin th nghim 55o C th thi gian phn ng l :
A.34,64s.
B.64,43s
C.44.36s
D.43.64s
Li gii.
Khi tng nhit t 20 - 40o C tc phn ng tng ln 9 ln (v tc phn ng t l vi thi gian).
Suy ra, nhit c tng 10o C th tc phn ng tng theo cng thc: k
Khi un nng t 40 - 55o C tc phn ng tng 3

55 - 40
10

t2 -t1
10

=k

40 - 20
10

=9k =3

= 5, 2 ln.

3
= 0,577(min) = 34, 6(s)
5, 2
Bi 37. _____________________________________________________________________________
Ly 32 g Fex Oy nung nng ri dn kh CO vo, sau mt thi gian ta thu c m gam cht rn gm nhiu
Thi gian phn ng l

cht v V (l) kh B. Dn V1 (l) kh B ( V1 < V ) vo dung dch Ca (OH ) 2 d th thu 56 gam kt ta. Tm cng
thc ca Fex Oy . Bit cc th tch o cng iu kin nhit , p sut.
B. Fe2O3

A.FeO

C. Fe3O4

D. Cha d kin xc nh

Li gii
Ta c nO ( Fe O ) = nCO = nCO > 0, 56( mol )
x

Gi a l s mol Fex Oy th ay > 0,56 a >

0,56
y

0,56
x
(56 x + 16 y ) < 0, 73469 . Vy ch c Fe2O3 tho mn.
y
y
Bi 38. _____________________________________________________________________________
Dung dch X cha 14,6 g HCl v 22,56g Cu ( NO3 ) 2 . Thm m( g ) Fe vo dung dch X sau khi phn ng
Ta c: 32 = a (56 x + 16 y ) >

xy ra hon ton thu c hn hp kim loi c khi lng 0,5m v ch to NO (sn phm kh duy nht). Gi
tr ca m l
A. 1,92 g
B. 20,48g
C. 14,88
D. Khng tn ti m tha mn
Li gii.
Dung dch X cha 0,4 mol H + , 0,12 mol Cu 2+ v 0,24 mol NO3- . Do sau phn ng cn hn hp kim loi
d nn khng cn d ng thi H + v NO3- , ng thi ch cn mui Fe 2+ , cn Cu 2+ phn ng ht.
Cc phn ng xy ra :

3Fe + 8 H + + 2 NO3- 3Fe 2+ + 2 NO + 4 H 2O (1)


0,15

0,4

20 http://boxmath.vn 17/04/2012

0,24

Cu 2+ + Fe Cu + Fe 2+ (2)
0,12

0,12

0,12

0, 4 0, 24
3
nn nFe (1) = 0, 4. = 0,15(mol )
<
8
2
8
Gi m l khi lng Fe ban u
Khi lng hn hp kim loi sau phn ng: 64.0,12 + m + 56.(0,12 + 0,15) = 0,5m m = 14,88( gam)
Ta c

Bi ton tng chng nh gii quyt xong nhng Khi lng st phn ng l
m ' = 56(0,12 + 0,15) = 15,12 > 14,88 (v l). Vy khng tn ti m tha mn. Chn p n D.
Bi 39. _____________________________________________________________________________
Cho 11,15 gam hn hp gm hai kim loi Al v kim loi kim M vo trong nc. Sau phn ng thu ch
c dung dch B v V lt kh (ktc). Cho t t n 400 ml dung dch HCl 1M vo dung dch B. Trong qu
trnh thu c lng kt ta ln nht l 15,6 gam, sau kt ta tan mt phn. Kim loi kim l:
A. Ba
B. Na
C. K
D. Khng d kin
Li gii.
Nhn xt. Do sau phn ng thu ch c dung dch B v kh, vy nn Al phn ng ht v bazo c th ht
hoc d.
M + H 2O MOH + 12 H 2 ; Al + MOH MAlO2 + 32 H 2 (d x - 0, 2 mol MOH )
x

0,2

0 ,2

0,2

OH + H H 2O ; H + H 2O + MAlO2 Al (OH )3 + M +
-

0,2

0,2

0,2

Do kt thc phn ng th 2, kt ta tan mt phn nn nHCl = 0, 4 > ( x - 0, 2) + 0, 2 = x


Ta c 0, 2 < x < 0, 4, li c x =

11,15 - 27.0, 2
, nn suy ra 14,375 < M < 28, 75
M

Suy ra M l Na.
Bi 40. _____________________________________________________________________________
Dung dch A gm NaOH 1M v Ba (OH ) 2 0,5M. Dung dch B gm AlCl3 1M v Al2 ( SO4 )3 0,5M. Cho V1
lt dung dch A vo V2 lt dung dch B thu c 427,5V2 (gam) kt ta. T s V1 : V2 l:
A. 2,537

B. 3,5

C. 3
Li gii.

D. A hoc B.

Trong dung dch A c 2V1 mol OH - v 0,5V1 mol Ba 2+


Trong dung dch B c 2V2 mol Al 3+ v 1,5V2 mol SO42-

V1 : V2
Nhn xt

nOH - < 3nAl 3+

3nAl 3+ < nOH - < 4nAl 3+

nOH - > 3nAl 3+

nBa2+ < nSO2-

nBa2+ > nSO2-

nBa2+ < nSO2-

Khi lng kt ta

m = 168,5V1 < 504V2

168,5V1 = 427,5V2
V1 : V2 2,537 < 3 (nhn)

504V2 > m = 973,5V2 - 156V1


> 349,5V2

973,5V2 - 156V1 = 427,5V2


V1 : V2 = 3,5 (nhn)

m = 349,5V2 .

loi

Kt lun. C hai gi tr 2,537 v 3,5 u ng. Chn p n C.


Bnh lun. Nhn xt v khi lng kt ta ta nhn thy khi lng kt ta t cc i ti V1 : V2 = 3 v
m(max) = 504V2 = 168V1 . Bi ton c th hi theo mt hng khc l tnh khi lng kt ta cc i. y,

21 http://boxmath.vn 17/04/2012

V1 : V2 = 3 khin ta ngh ti t l nOH - : nAl 3+ khi lng Al (OH )3 t cc i .Tuy nhin y ch l mt s


trng hp th v. Cc bn s mc sai lm khi p dng iu ny cho cc bi ton tng t.

Bi 41 47
Bi 41. _____________________________________________________________________________
Phn ng no sau y sai.
A. 2HI + Cu CuI2 + H2
B. 2HBr + 2FeCl3 2FeCl2 + Br2 + 2HCl
C. H2O2 + KNO2 H2O + KNO3
V O , to

2 5

2SO3
D. 2SO2 + O2

Li gii.
Phn ng B sai. 2HBr + 2FeCl3 2FeCl2 + Br2 + 2HCl. HBr khng tnh kh mnh kh c Fe3+.
HI mi c phn ng ny. Thm ch ta cn c phn ng 6 FeCl2 + 3Br2 4 FeCl3 + 3FeBr3
Bi 42. _____________________________________________________________________________
Chn pht biu ng nht
A. Trong kh than kh, hm lng CO nhiu hn kh than t
B. Trong phng thi nghim, CO c iu ch bng cch thi CO2 qua C nung nng trn ngn la
n cn
C. CO c thu bng cch y khng kh (p ngc bnh)
D. CO c dng lm nhin liu kh
Li gii.
A sai, v theo s liu c cho trong SGK, hm lng CO trong kh than t nhiu hn trong kh than kh.
B sai, trong phng th nghim, ngi ta iu ch CO bng cch nhit phn HCOOH.
C sai. Ta c CO = 28, ch hi nh hn khng kh, nn cch tt nht thu CO l y nc (CO khng tan trong
nc).
Chn p n D.
Bi 43. _____________________________________________________________________________
(1) Ngi ta khng dng CO2 dp tt cc m chy c Al, Mg do Al, Mg c th chy trong CO2
to hp cht cacbua
(2) Trong cng nghip, kh CO2 c thu hi trong qu trnh ln men ru t glucz
(3) CO km bn nhit, d tc dng vi oxi to CO 2
(4) Trong t nhin, Cacbon ch yu tn ti trong cc khong vt: canxit, magiezit, dolomit,...
C bao nhiu pht biu ng trong cc pht biu trn?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
Li gii.
Pht biu sai l : (2) do Al, Mg chy trong CO2 to oxit, khng to hp cht cacbua; (4) sai v u tin, v
CO rt bn nhit; (5) sai do C cn tn ti vi t l ln dng n cht (than), trong cc hp cht hu c.
Cu 44. ____________________________________________________________________________
Ha tan m gam hn hp X gm Cu , Al vo dung dch HCl d thy c 2 gam cht rn khng tan. Nu trn
thm 4 gam Mg vo 0,5m gam X th c hn hp Y. Hm lng % theo khi lng ca Al trong Y nh
hn trong X l 33,33%. Khi cho Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH th th tch H 2 thu c ktc nhiu hn
2 lt. Thnh phn phn trm theo khi lng ca Cu trong X l:
22 http://boxmath.vn 17/04/2012

A.40%

B.16.67%

C.18.64%
D.30%
Li gii.
2 gam cht rn khng tan chnh l Cu. Suy ra trong m gam X c 2 gam Cu, (m 2) gam Al
Hm lng % theo khi lng ca Al trong Y l:
m = 4
0,5(m - 2) m - 2 33,33
=
0,5m 2 - 8m + 24 = 0
0,5m + 4
m
100
m = 12
0,5(m - 2) 3
2
. >
m > 5, 214
Li c VH 2 = 2(lit ) nn
27
2 22, 4
Vy m = 12
2
Suy ra % mCu = .100% = 16, 67%
m
Chn p n B.
Bi 45. ____________________________________________________________________________
Nung 10 gam hn hp gm MgCO3 , CaCO3 , BaCO3 thu c kh A. Dn kh A vo dung dch nc vi
trong d thu c 5 gam kt ta v dung dch B. un nng B hon ton th thu c thm 3 gam kt ta
na. Hi % khi lng MgCO3 trong hn hp ban u nm khong no?
A. 52,5% n 86,69%
B. 60,64% n 86,69%

C. 52,5% n 60,64%
D. 86,69% n 90,45%
Li gii.

Cch 1.
D dng tnh c: nCO2 = 0,11 (mol )
Gi s mol ca MgCO3 , CaCO3 , BaCO3 ln lt l x, y, z
Ta c h phng trnh:
x + y + z = 0,11
y + z = 0,11 - x

100 y + 197 z 10 - 84 x

P=
=

y+z
0,11 - x
84 x + 100 y + 197 z = 10
100 y + 197 z = 10 - 84 x
y

100 y + 197 z 100 z + 197


Do z 0 nn: P =
=
y
y+z
+1
z

y
100t + 197
= t (t > 0) P =
= f (t )
z
t +1
Kho st hm f trn (0; +) cho ta:
t

100 < f ( t ) < 197 100 < P < 197 100 <

10 - 84 x
84 x
< 197 0, 0625 < x < 0,10327 52,5% <
< 86, 75%
0,11 - x
10

Chn p n A.
Cch 2.
x
z = 1-16
x + y + z = 0,11
(1)
(1')

y + z = 0,11 - x
7
Ta cng c

9 x -0, 23
84 x + 100 y + 197 z = 10 (2)
100 y + 197 z = 10 - 84 x
y = 7 (2 ')

84 x
84 x
588x
=
=
= f ( x)
9
x
0,
23
1
16
x
84 x + 100 y + 197 z 84 x + 100.
2168x
+
174
+ 197.
7
7
Ta li c 100 ( y + z ) = 100. ( 0,11 - x ) < 10 - 84x = 100 y + 197z < 197 ( y + z ) = 197. ( 0,11 - x ) .
Ta c %mMg =

Suy ra 0, 0625 < x < 0,1038 . Kho st hm f ( x ) trn ( 0, 0625; 0,1038 ) ta c kt qu nh cch 1.
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Bi 46. _____________________________________________________________________________
Ha tan hon ton m gam hn hp gm FeS2 v Cu2 S trong dung dch HNO3 sau cc phn ng xy ra
hon ton thu c dung dch X ch c hai cht tan khi lng cc cht tan l 72. Gi tr ca m l
A. 20
B. 40
C. 60
D. 80
Li gii.
Hai cht tan l: Fe2 ( SO4 )3 (a mol ); CuSO4 (b mol ) 400a + 160b = 72 (1)
Theo bo ton nguyn s Fe v Cu th: 2a = nFeS2 ;

b
b
= nCu2 S nS = 4a +
2
2

b
= 3a + b (2)
2
T (1) v (2) a = 0,1; b = 0, 2
M nSO2- = 3a + b 4a +
4

b
Do : m = 2a.120 + .160 = 40 . Chn p n B.
2
Bi 47. _____________________________________________________________________________
Hin tng g xy ra khi cho H 2 S li qua dung dch FeCl3 (mu vng)?
A.
B.
C.
D.

Khng c hin tng g.


Mu vng mt dn v c kt ta en xut hin.
Mu vng mt dn v c kt ta mu vng xut hin.
Mu vng mt dn v c kt ta mu nu xut hin.
Li gii.
Phn ng xy ra l: H 2 S + FeCl3 FeCl2 + S + HCl
Nh vy, sau phn ng s c kt ta vng, chnh l lu hunh. Chn p n C.
Bnh lun. y l mt cu hi l thuyt hay, c bit nhng p n nhiu thc s gy nhiu. Kt ta en
c nhc ti cu B, ngi ra mun nhc ti FeS ( trnh nhm ln, bn ch cn nh phn ng ny to
ra HCl , m FeS tan trong HCl nn khng th c kt ta FeS ). Kt ta nu cu D li mun m ch
Fe(OH )3 , nhiu bn c th nhm ln y l mt phn ng axit baz bnh thng, to ra Fe2 S3 , sau

Fe2 S3 b thy phn to ra Fe(OH )3 . (Nhng chc chn phn ng khng th xy ra theo hng ny, v H 2 S
l mt axit rt yu, khng th phn ng to ra HCl l mt axit mnh hn).

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PHN 2. CC BI TON HU C
Bi 1 10
Bi 1. _____________________________________________________________________________
Oxi ha 9,2 gam ru etylic bng CuO un nng, c 13,2 gam hn hp (andehit, axit, nc v ru cha
phn ng). Hn hp ny tc dng vi Na to ra 3,36 lt H 2 (ktc). Phn trm khi lng ru b oxi ha l:
A. 75%

B. 25%

C. 66,67%
Li gii.

D. 33,33%

Cch 1
Ta c

nruou = 0, 2 ( mol )
nOH = 0,3 ( mol )

n
=
0,15
mol
(
)
H 2
13, 2 - 9, 2
n[O ] =
= 0, 25mol
16
Phng trnh phn ng
C2 H 5OH + [O] CH 3CHO + H 2O
CH 3CHO + [O] CH 3COOH
Suy ra n(OH trong CH 3COOH va H 2O ) = n[ O ] = 0, 25(mol )

nru d = nOH - n(OH trong CH 3COOH va H 2O ) = 0,3 - 0, 25 = 0, 05 ( mol )


nru phn ng = 0, 2 - 0, 05 = 0,15 ( mol )
0,15
.100% = 75%
0, 2
Cch 2.
Ta c cc phng trnh phn ng
C2 H 5OH + [O] CH 3CHO + H 2O
H% =

x ( mol )

x ( mol )

x ( mol )

C2 H 5OH + 2[O] CH 3COOH + H 2O


y ( mol )

y ( mol )

y ( mol )

V d z (mol) C2 H 5OH
Ta c PTP
2 H 2O + 2 Na 2 NaOH + H 2 ( mol )
x + y ( mol )

x+ y
2

2CH 3COOH + 2 Na 2CH 3COONa + H 2 ( mol )


y ( mol )

y
2

Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng m[O ] = 13, 2 - 9, 2 = 4( g ) n[O ] = 0, 25(mol )


Ta c h phng trnh

y x+ y z
2 + 2 + 2 = 0,15 x = 0, 05

y = 0,1
x + 2 y = 0, 25
x + y + z = 0, 2

z = 0, 05

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Vy % H =

0, 05 + 0,1
= 75%
0, 2

Bi 2. _____________________________________________________________________________
Thy phn hon ton 60 gam hn hp hai ipeptit thu c 63,6 gam hn hp X gm cc amino axit (ch c
1
1 nhm amin v 1 nhm cacboxyl). Nu cho
hn hp X tc dng vi HCl (d), c cn cn thn dung
10
dch, th lng mui khan thu c l:
A. 7,82
B. 16,3
C. 7,09
D. 8,15
Li gii.
2.(63, 6 - 60)
nX = 2nH 2O =
= 0, 4mol (do ipeptit thy phn ra 2 amino axit)
18
NH 2 - R - COOH + HCl NH 3Cl - R - COOH
0,04

0 ,04

p dng LBTKL: mNH 3Cl - R -COOH = 6,36 + 0, 04.36,5 = 7,82 g


Chn p n A.

Bi 3. _____________________________________________________________________________
Hn hp X gm Cn H 2 n -1CHO,Cn H 2 n -1COOH ,Cn H 2 n -1CH 2OH (u mch h, n nguyn dng). Cho 2,8
gam X phn ng va vi 8,8 gam brom trong nc. Mt khc cho ton b lng X trn phn ng vi
lng d dung dch AgNO3 trong NH 3 , kt thc phn ng thu c 2,16 gam Ag . Phn trm khi lng
ca Cn H 2 n -1CHO trong X l:
A. 26,63%

B. 22,22%

C. 20,00%
Li gii.

D. 16,42%

Cch 1.
Gi s mol ca cc cht trong hn hp X ln lt l x, y, z
Ta c nAg = 0, 02(mol ) x = nCn H 2 n-1CHO = 0, 01(mol )
Xt phn ng vi dung dch brom, ta c mi cht trong X u phn ng vi brom lin kt i, ring
Cn H 2 n -1CHO cn c phn ng gc CHO
Ta c nBr2 = 0, 055(mol ) 2 x + y + z = 0, 055
Vy suy ra tng s mol cc cht l n = x + y + z = 0, 055 - 0, 01 = 0, 045
Do khi lng phn t trung bnh ca cc cht l M TB =

2,8
62, 2
0, 045

Nn M Cn H 2 n-1CHO < M TB < M Cn H 2 n-1COOH 14n + 28 < 62, 2 < 14n + 44 1,3 < n < 2,5 n = 2
Phn trm khi lng Cn H 2 n -1CHO trong X l % M =

0, 01.56
.100% = 20%
2,8

Chn p n C.
Cch 2.
T phn ng vi Ag, suy ra nandehit = 0, 01
Xt phn ng vi dung dch brom, li suy ra nancol &axit = 0, 035
Do M axit > M ancol
Suy ra: 0, 01. (14n + 28 ) + 0, 035. (14n + 30 ) < 2,8 < 0, 01. (14n + 28 ) + 0, 035. (14n + 44 )

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Dn n: 1,5 < n < 2, 4 .


Li do n nguyn dng nn n = 2 .
Phn trm khi lng Cn H 2 n -1CHO trong X l % M =

0, 01.56
.100% = 20% . Chn p n C.
2,8

Bi 4. ____________________________________________________________________________
Cho cc cht lng khng mu: dung dch NaHCO3 , dung dch NaAlO2 , dung dch C6 H 5ONa, C6 H 5OH ,

C6 H 5 NH 2 , CH 3COOC2 H 5 , C2 H 5OH , C3 H 7OH . Ch dng thm HCl c th nhn ra s lng cht lng l?
A. 5

B. 7

C. 8
D. 6
Li gii.
Hin tng khi cho cc dung dch HCl vo cc cht lng khng mu l
Dung dch C6 H 5ONa : to ra kt ta C6 H 5OH khng tan trong HCl d.

Dung dch NaAlO2 : ban u xut hin kt ta Al (OH )3 , sau kt ta tan trong HCl d.

Dung dch NaHCO3 : xut hin bt kh (CO2 )

C6 H 5OH : dung dch phn lm hai lp

C6 H 5 NH 2 : dung dch ban u phn lm hai lp ri dn dn ha tan vo nhau

CH 3COOC2 H 5 : dung dch phn lp, un nng th to ra dung dch ng nht, c mi gim chua bay

ln.
Cc cht C2 H 5OH v C3 H 7 OH th to ra dung dch ng nht ngay lp tc.

Vy nhn bit c 6 cht u tin, cn C2 H 5OH v C3 H 7 OH khng phn bit c bng HCl
Bi 5. ______________________________________________________________________________
Oxi ha 9,2 gam ru etylic bng CuO un nng, c 13,2 gam andehit, axit, ru cha phn ng v nc.
Hn hp ny tc dng vi Na d sinh ra 3,36 lt H 2 (ktc). Phn trm khi lng ru b oxi ha l bao
nhiu?
Li gii.
Phng trnh phn ng:

C2 H 5OH + [O] CH 3CHO + H 2O


x

C2 H 5OH + 2[O] CH 3COOH + H 2O


y

2y

V d 0, 2 - x - y mol C2 H 5OH
Cc cht phn ng vi Na l ru d, nc v axit to ra.
Suy ra 2nH 2 = (0, 2 - x - y ) + x + y + y = 0, 2 + x = 0,3 x = 0,1

13, 2 - 9, 2
= 0, 25 x + 2 y = 0, 25 , do y = 0, 05 . Vy phn
16
0, 25.2 + 0,1
.100% = 75% .
trm khi lng ru phn ng l H =
0, 2
Bi 6. ______________________________________________________________________________
Hn hp A gm CH 4 v H 2 . Cho A i qua ng ng bt Ni nung nng thu c hn hp B ch gm 3
p dng LBTKL nn s mol [O] l n[O ] =

hidrocacbon c t khi so vi H 2 l 21,5. T khi ca A so vi H 2 l:


A. 10,4

B. 9,2

C. 7,2
D. 8,6
Li gii.
Do hn hp ch gm cc hidrocacbon c 3 C, nn c th t CTPT chung ca B l C3 H y .
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Ta c M B = 12.3 + y = 21,5.2 y = 7

3
H 2 C3 H 7
2
Gi s c 1 mol C3 H 4 ban u phn ng ht vi 1,5 mol H 2 to ra 1 mol B.
Phng trnh phn ng: CH 4 +

Vy ban u c 2,5 mol kh, li c khi lng c bo ton nn mA = mB = 1.21,5.2 = 43( gam)
Vy M A = 8, 6
Bi 7. ______________________________________________________________________________
Hp cht X cha C, H, O c khi lng mol phn t l 74 gam. X phn ng c vi NaOH . S cht tha
mn X l:
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
Li gii.
Do X c khi lng mol phn t l 74 gam nn X khng th l phenol. X li tc dng c vi NaOH nn
X l axit cacboxylic, este hoc l tp chc cha chc este. Suy ra X cha t nht hai oxi.
Nu X c 2 oxi: X c CTPT l C3 H 6O2 , v cc cht tha mn l CH 3CH 2COOH , HCOOC2 H 5 ,

CH 3COOCH 3
Nu X c 3 oxi: X c cng thc phn t l C2 H 2O3 , v cc cht tha mn l OHC - COOH , v

HC (O) - O - C (O) H (anhydrit fomic)


X khng th c nhiu hn 3 oxi, v lc , s khng c C trong phn t.
Vy c tt c 5 cht tha mn. Chn p n C.
Bnh lun. Cht m cc bn d dng b qun khi lm bi ny chnh l anhydrit fomic, mt cht khng qu
ph bin trong chng trnh ph thng.
Bi 8. ______________________________________________________________________________
Hn hp M gm anken X v hai amin no, n chc, mch h Y, Z ( M Y < M Z ). t chy hon ton mt
lng M cn dng 21 lt O2 , sinh ra 11,2 lt CO2 . Cng thc ca Y l
A. CH 3CH 2CH 2 NH 2

C. C2 H 5 NH 2

B. CH 3CH 2 NHCH 3

D. CH 3 NH 2

Ta c nO2 = 0,9375(mol ) v nCO2

Li gii.
= 0,5(mol ) . Bo ton nguyn t O, ta suy ra nH 2O = 0,875(mol )

Gi CTPT trung bnh ca hai amin l Cn H 2 n +3 N


Phn ng chy ca aken v amin

3m
O2 mCO2 + mH 2O
2
3
3k 3

Ck H 2 k +3 N + + O2 kCO2 + k + H 2O
2
a
ka
2 4

Cm H 2 m +

ka +1,5a

T hai phng trnh ta c nH 2O - nCO2 = 1,5.namin namin = 0, 25

0,5
= 2 . Suy ra amin Y ch c 1 C trong phn t, do Y l CH 3 NH 2 .
0, 25
Bi 9. ______________________________________________________________________________
Cho anilin tc dng vi cc cht sau: dung dch Br2 , H 2 , CH 3 I , dung dch HCl , dung dch NaOH , HNO2 .
Vy k <

S phn ng xy ra l:
A. 5

B. 3

28 http://boxmath.vn 17/04/2012

C. 4

D. 6

Li gii.
Anilin l mt amin c bit vi tnh baz yu ca n, v c mt vi phn ng c trng lin quan n gc
-C6 H 5 (phn ng cng H 2 , phn ng vi dung dch Br2 )
Anilin tuy vy vn l mt amin bc 1 nn vn th hin y tnh cht ca amin bc 1 nh: tc dng vi
HCl , HNO2 , CH 3 I .
Vy anilin phn ng vi 5 cht. Chn p n A.
Bi 10._____________________________________________________________________________
Cho hn hp 3,88 gam X gm 2 axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h. X tc dng vi NaOH to ra 5,2
gam mui. t chy hon ton 3,88 gam X cn bao nhiu lt O2 ?
A. 2,24

B. 3,36

C. 1,12
D. 5,6
Li gii.
5, 2 - 3,88
S dng phng php tng gim khi lng suy ra: nX =
= 0, 06 ( mol )
23 - 1
3,88 194
=
Phn t khi trung bnh ca X l: M tb =
0, 06
3
Do X l axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h nn c th t CTPT trung bnh ca X l Cn H 2 n +1COOH
Suy ra n =

4
3

5
7
7
Phng trnh phn ng C 4 H 11COOH + O2 CO2 + H 2O
2
3
3
3
3
5
Suy ra nO2 = .0, 06 = 0,15(mol ) VO2 = 3,36
2
Bnh lun. C th dng phng php bo ton nguyn t oxi tm th tch kh O2 cn dng

Bi 11 20
Bi 11. _____________________________________________________________________________
t chy hon ton mt hidrocacbon mch h X (X l cht kh iu kin thng, X nng hn khng kh)
thu c 14,08 gam CO2 . Sc m gam hidrocacbon ny vo nc brom d n phn ng hon ton thy c
51,2 gam brom tham gia phn ng. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 2
B. 4
C. 4,053
Li gii.
Ta c nCO2 = 0,32(mol ); nBr2 = 0,32(mol )

D. 4 hoc 4,053

Gi s c x mol hidrocacbon Cn H 2 n + 2- 2 k . Ta suy ra t bi: xn = 0,32; xk = 0,32 . Suy ra n = k ,

X = Cn H 2
Li c X l cht kh v nng hn khng kh nn n 4 v 12n + 2 > 29 . Suy ra n = 3 hoc n = 4 . Tuy nhin
vi n = 3 th X khng tn ti CTCT mch h. Vy X l C4 H 2 ( HC C - C CH ) .
D dng tm ra c khi lng l 4.
Bi 12. ____________________________________________________________________________
t chy hon ton 29,6 gam hn hp X gm CH 3COOH , C x H y COOH , (COOH ) 2 thu c 0,8 mol nc
v m gam CO2 . Cng 29,6 gam X tc dng vi NaHCO3 d thu c 0,5 mol CO2 . Gi tr ca m l:
A. 11

B.22

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C.44

D.33

Li gii.
S mol COOH l n- COOH = nCO2 = 0,5mol
Theo nh lut bo ton nguyn t ta c: mX = mC + mH + mO

29, 6 = 0,8.2 + 0,5.2.16 + mC = 12 g mCO2 = 44 g


Bi 13. ____________________________________________________________________________
Cho hn hp X gm ancol metylic v 2 axt k tip nhau trong dy ng ng ca axt axetic tc dng ht
vi Na gii phng 6,72 lt H 2 . Nu un nng hn hp X c H 2 SO4 c xc tc th cc cht trong hn hp
phn ng va vi nhau to thnh 25 gam este. t chy hon ton hn hp X ri dn sn phm qua bnh
H 2 SO4 c th khi lng ca bnh tng bao nhiu gam?
A.25,2

B. 23,3

C. 24,6
Li gii

Ta c nancol + axit = 2nH 2 = 0, 6 ( mol )

D. 15,2

Phn ng va chng t nancol = naxit = 0,3 ( mol )


Suy ra M TB =

25 250
=
, do hn hp X gm : CH 3OH , CH 3COOH , C2 H 5COOH
0,3
3

CH 3COOH : a ( mol )
t s mol ca hai axit l
C2 H 5COOH : b ( mol )
T gi thit ta suy ra
a + b = 0,374
a = 0,1

a + 88b = 25
b = 0, 2
nH 2O = 0,3.2 + 0,1.2 + 0, 2.3 = 1, 4mol

Khi lng ca bnh tng bng khi lng ca nc: D m = mH 2O = 25, 2 g


Bnh lun. T vic tm ra M TB =

250
c th suy ra CTPT trung bnh ca axit l C8 H 19 COOH . Phn ng
3
3
3

este to ra nH 2O = nancol = 0,3(mol ) . Bo ton nguyn t H, suy ra


nH 2O =

1
19
0,3.6 + + 1 .0,3 - 0,3.2 = 1, 4(mol )

2
3

Bi 14. _____________________________________________________________________________
a mol cht bo X c th cng hp ti a vi 4 a mol Br2 . t chy hon ton a mol X thu c b mol H 2O
v V lt kh CO2 . Biu thc lin h gia V vi a,b l:
A. V = 22.4(b + 7 a )
C. V = 22.4(b + 3a )

B. V = 22.4(4a - b)
D. V = 22.4(b + 6a )

Li gii.
Do a mol X c th cng hp ti a vi 4a mol Br2 nn X c CTPT dng C3 H 5 (OOC )3 Cn H 2 n +1- 2.4 hay

Cm H 2 m -14O6
Phng trnh phn ng: Cm H 2 m -13O6 +
Ta c nCO2 = nX .7 + nH 2O

3m - 7 - 6
O2 mCO2 + (m - 7) H 2O
2

V
= 7a + b
22, 4

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Biu thc ny tng ng vi p n A.


Bi 15. _____________________________________________________________________________
Cho hai hidrocacbon X v Y ng ng ca nhau, phn t khi ca X gp i Y. Cng thc tng qut ca
hai hidrocacbon l:
A.Cn H 2 n + 2
B.Cn H 2 n - 2
C.Cn H 2 n -6
D.Cn H 2 n
Li gii.
Hai hidrocacbon c dng: R & R (CH 2 ) n , n N

Theo ra ta c 2 R = R + (CH 2 ) n , do R = Cn H 2 n . Chn p n B.


Bi 16. ____________________________________________________________________________
t chy hon ton 2,76 gam hn hp X gm: C x H y COOH ; C x H y COOCH 3 v CH 3OH thu c 2,688 lt

CO2 (ktc) v 1,8 gam H 2O . Mt khc, cho 2,76 gam hn hp X phn ng va vi 30ml dung dch
NaOH 1M, thu c 0,96 gam CH 3OH . Ly lng C x H y COOH c trong X cho tc dng hon ton vi hn
hp cha 0,04 mol CH 3OH v 0,06 mol C2 H 5OH , xc tc H 2 SO4 c, un nng. Gi s 2 ancol phn ng
vi kh nng nh nhau th khi lung este ho to thnh l:
A.0,88 gam
B.0,944 gam
C.1,62 gam
Li gii.
Gi s mol ca C x H y COOH , C x H y COOCH 3 , CH 3OH ln lt l a, b, c

D.8,6 gam

0,12.44 + 1,8 - 2, 76
= 0,135
32
Li bo ton nguyn t O suy ra 2a + 2b + c = -0,135.2 + 0,12.2 + 0,1 = 0, 07
T ta c h phng trnh

p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng, suy ra nO2 =

a = 0, 01( mol )
2a + 2b + c = 0, 07

b = 0, 02 ( mol )
b + c = 0, 03
a + b = 0, 03

c = 0, 01( mol )
Suy ra C x H y COOH l C2 H 3COOH (0, 01 mol ) . Do , meste = 0,944( g ) . Chn p n B
Bi 17. _____________________________________________________________________________
Hn hp X gm vinyl axetat, metyl axetat , etyl fomat. t chy hon ton 3,08 gam X, thu c 2,16 gam
H 2O . Phn trm s mol ca vinyl axetat trong X l:
A.25%

B.27,92%

C.72,08%
D.75%
Li gii
Hn hp gm 2 cht l ng phn C3 H 6O2 , cht cn li vilynaxetat c CTPT l C4 H 6O2
Gi s mol vinyl axetat l x (mol) v tng s mol metyl axetat v etyl fomat l y (mol)
S mol H 2O to ra l nH 2O = 3 x + 3 y = 0,12 hay x + y = 0, 04 (1)
Ta cng c khi lng ca hn hp l: 74 x + 86 y = 3, 08 (2)
Gii h phng trnh (1) v (2) suy ra x = 0, 03; y = 0, 01. Phn trm s mol ca vinyl axetat s l 25%.
Bnh lun. im mu cht ca bi ton l pht hin metyl axetat v etyl fomat l ng phn, t a bi
ton 3 n v 2 n. Mt bi tp tng t, nhng kh hn mt cht l:
Bi tp tng t. ha tan va ht 15,2 gam hn hp X gm MgO, CaO, Fe cn 600 ml dung dch

HCl 1M thu c kh H 2 v dung dch Y. Khi lng MgCl2 trong dung dch Y l:
A. 11,4 gam

B. 9,5 gam

31 http://boxmath.vn 17/04/2012

C. 7,6 gam

D. 13,3 gam

p s. B. 9,5 gam. Ch CaO v Fe c chung M = 56.


Bi 18. ____________________________________________________________________________
Cho X l hn hp gm H 2 v hi ca hai anehit (no, n chc, mch h, phn t u c s nguyn t C
nh hn 4), c t khi so vi heli l 4,7. un nng 2 mol X (xc tc Ni), c hn hp Y c t khi hi so
vi heli l 9,4. Thu ly ton b cc ancol trong Y ri cho tc dng vi Na (d), c V lt H 2 (ktc). Gi tr
ln nht ca V l:
A. 22,4

B. 5,6

C. 11,2
Li gii.

D. 13,44

Gi x l s mol hn hp lc sau
Ta c p dng L Bo ton khi lng ta c: Khi lng ca hn hp khng i v bng

m = 4.4, 7 = 37, 6 x = 1( mol )


S mol ancol to thnh bng s mol H 2 phn ng v bng s mol hn hp gim: nancol = 1(mol )
Suy ra s mol H 2 to ra l nH 2 =

1
nancol = 0,5 . Vy V = 11,2 lt.
2

Bi 19. ____________________________________________________________________________
Hn hp X gm O2 v O3 c t khi so vi H 2 l 22. Hn hp kh Y gm metylamin v etylamin c t khi
107
. t chy hon ton V1 lt Y cn va V2 lt X (bit sn phm chy gm CO2 , H 2O
6
v N 2 , cc cht kh khi o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). T l V1 : V2 l:

so vi H 2 l

A. 3 : 5

B. 5 : 3

C. 2 : 1
Li gii.

D. 1 : 2

Gi s s mol ca hn hp kh l: n1 = 1( mol ) .
t cng thc phn t trung bnh ca Y l Cn H 2 n +3 N . Li c phn t khi trung bnh ca hn hp l:
107
107
4
nn n =
.2 =
6
3
3
11
4
17
Ta c phng trnh phn ng: C 4 H 17 N + [O] CO2 + H 2O
2
3
6
3
3
M=

t s mol ca O2 v O3 ln lt l a (mol) v b (mol). Ta c 2a + 3b = 5,5


Mt khc khi lng hn hp X l: mX = 22.2.n2 = 32a + 48b = 16(2a + 3b) = 88 n2 = 2(mol )
Suy ra V1 : V2 = n1 : n2 = 1: 2
Bi 20. _____________________________________________________________________________
Hn hp X gm 2 axit hu c no (mi axit cha khng qu 2 nhm -COOH ) c khi lng 16g tng
ng vi 0,175 mol. t chy hon ton hn hp X ri cho sn phn qua nc vi trong d thu c 47,5 g
kt ta. Mt khc, nu cho hn hp X tc dng va vi dung dch Na2CO3 thu c 22, 6g mui. Cng
thc cu to ca cc axit trong hn hp X l:
A. HCOOH , (COOH ) 2

C. C2 H 5COOH , HOOC - CH 2 - COOH

B. CH 3COOH , (COOH ) 2
D. CH 3COOH , HOOC - CH 2 - COOH
Li gii.

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t CTPT trung bnh ca hai axit no l: Cn H 2 n + 2- k (COOH ) k ( k [1, 2] , do mi axit cha ko qu 2 nhm

-COOH ). Ta c nCO2 = 0, 475(mol ) k + n =

19
(1)
7

Mui to ra l Cn H 2 n + 2- k (COONa ) k , suy ra phn t khi ca mui l M = 14n + 2 + 66k =


Gii h (1) v (2) ta c n = 1 v k =

22, 6
(2)
0,175

12
.
7

12
nn c mt axit A c 1 nhm -COOH v axit B cn li c 2 nhm -COOH .
7
2
1
2
7
12
T l s mol c xc nh theo s ng cho:
=
7
5
2
5
7
Do k =

Gi s axit A c x nguyn t C ( x 1 ), axit B c y nguyn t C ( y 2 )

2 x + 5 y 19
= 2 x + 5 y = 19(*) . Do y 2, nn y ch c th nhn cc gi tr 2, 3. Nu y = 2 th
2+5
7
x . Vy y = 3 v x = 2 . Cc axit l CH 3COOH v HOOC - CH 2 - COOH . Chn p n D.

Ta c nC =

Bnh lun. D nhin, li gii trn l cn thit rn luyn v kh nng suy lun trong vic gii ton Ha
hc. Nhng vi yu cu v thi gian trong cc k thi, ta c th chn cch nhanh hn sau.
16
91, 43 nn loi A v B! Da theo p n C v D, suy ra c 1 axit l
Ta c M =
0,175

HOOC - CH 2 - COOH v axit cn li l RCOOH. Li c nCO2 =


nC =

47,5
= 0, 475 ( mol )
100

0, 475 19
=
2, 7 , nn phi c 1 axit c di 2,7 nguyn t C trong phn t. Chn p n D.
0,175 7

Bi 21 30
Bi 21. _____________________________________________________________________________
Cho hp cht thm X: C6 H 8 N 2O3 . Cho 28, 08g X tc dng 200ml KOH 2M. Sau phn ng thu c dung
dch Y. C cn Y c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l?
A. 21,5g
B. 30,5g
C. 18,1g
D. 38,8g
Li gii.
Phng trnh phn ng
C6 H 5 NH 3 NO3 + KOH C6 H 5 NH 2 + KNO3 + H 2 0
0,18

0,4

Suy ra mran = mKOH du + mKNO3 = 0,18.101 + 0, 22.56 = 30,5 g. Chn p n B


Bi 22.____________________________________________________________________________
Cho hn hp X HCOOH , CH 3COOH (t l mol 1:1) v hn hp Y ch CH 3OH , C2 H 5OH (t l mol l
2:3). 16,96 gam hn hp X tc dng vi 8,08 g Y (c xc tc H 2 SO4 c) thu c m gam este (Hiu sut
cc phn ng este ha bng 80%). Gi tr ca m l?
Li gii.
xM 1 + yM 2
S dng cng thc M trung bnh M =
x+ y
33 http://boxmath.vn 17/04/2012

t CT chung ca 2 axit l RCOOH v ca 2 ancol l R'OH.


x 46 + y 60 46 + 60

= 53( Do x = y )
M acid = x + y =
2

3
Khi da vo cng thc trn ta c:
32 x + 46. x
2 = 40, 4( Do x : y = 2 : 3)
M = x32 + y 46 =
acol
3
x+ y
x+ x

2
16,96

nacid =
= 0,32

R = 8
53

T suy ra:

8, 08
R = 23, 4 n
= 0, 2
ancol =

40, 4
Da vo PTP ta suy ra c ancol phn ng ht, suy ra s mol ca este (Hiu sut 80%) l 0, 2.0,8 = 0,16
Suy ra khi lng este l: m = 0,16( R + 12 + 32 + R) = 0,16.(8 + 44 + 23, 4) = 12, 064

Bi 23. ____________________________________________________________________________
t chy m gam hn hp X gm 2 ancol n. Cho ton b sn phm chy qua bnh 1 ng H 3 PO4 c sau
cho qua bnh 2 ng nc vi trong d. Sau th nghim thy bnh 1 tng 1,98 gam, bnh 2 c 8 gam kt
ta. Mt khc, cho m gam hn hp X tc dng vi CuO un nng c sn phm ha c Y. Cho Y tc dng
vi lng d AgNO3 trong NH 3 thu c 2,16 gam Ag . Xc nh CTCT 2 ancol.
T cc gi thit v bnh 1 v bnh 2 suy ra: nCO2

Li gii.
= 0, 08 ( mol ) , nH 2 0 = 0,11( mol ) nX = 0, 03

Ta c nAg = 0, 02
Ta c:

nAg
nX

< 2 nn trong X c ancol bc hai, ancol cn li bc 1 v khng phi l CH 3OH

Ta li c s mol

nCO2
nX

= 2, 666 . Suy ra X phi c C2 H 5OH v nC2 H5OH =

1
nAg = 0, 01(mol )
2

Gi x l s cacbon ca ancol cn li trong X, ta c 0, 02.x + 0, 01.2 = 0, 08 x = 3


Li do n l ancol bc 2 nn ancol cn li l CH 3CH (OH )CH 3 .
Bi 24. ____________________________________________________________________________
Kh hon ton este n chc no X bng LiAlH 4 , thu c hn hp hai ancol Y ng ng k tip. Oxi ho
ht Y bng CuO, nhit thu c 7,65 gam hn hp cc cht hu c Z. Cho Z phn ng vi lng d
dung dch AgNO3 / NH 3 thy sinh ra 16,2 gam Ag kt ta. Xc nh CTCT X, bit M X < 120 .
A. CH 3COOCH 2CH 2CH 3

B. HCOOCH 2CH 3

C. C2 H 3COOCH 2CH 2C2 H 3

D. C A v B
Li gii.

X c dng RCOOCH 2CH 2 R


Kh X to ra hai ancol Y l RCH 2OH v RCH 3CH 2OH (cc ancol no n chc bc 1)
Ta c nAg = 0,15(mol )
Li do M X < 120 nn R < 24 . Vy R c th l H hoc CH 3 (do X l electronste no)
Nu R l H th Z cha hai andehit l HCHO (a mol) v CH 3CHO (b mol)

34 http://boxmath.vn 17/04/2012

Ta c 4a + 2b = 0,15 v 30a + 44b = 7, 65 , gii h ny suy ra a = -0, 075(mol ),b = 0, 225(mol )


Vy R phi l CH 3
X l CH 3COOCH 2CH 2CH 3 . Chn p n A.
Bi 25.______________________________________________________________________________________
t chy hon ton mt este n chc, mch h X (phn t c s lin kt nh hn 3), thu c th tch
6
kh CO2 bng th tch kh O2 phn ng (cc th tch kh o cng iu kin). Cho m gam X tc dng
7
hon ton vi 200 ml dung dch KOH 0, 7 M thu c dung dch Y . C cn Y thu c 12,88 gam cht rn
khan. Gi tr ca m l bao nhiu?
Li gii
Gi k l s lin kt trong mch cacbon (k < 2)
3n - k - 2
O2 nCO2 + (n - k ) H 2O
2
7 3n - k - 2
n= =
6
2
2n - 3k = 6 => k = 0, n = 3
C3 H 6O2
Cn H 2 n - 2 k O2 +

Gi s mol cu este l a (mol)


p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c
TH1: to ra C2 H 5OH trong phn ng vi KOH
Khi lng cht rn khan thu c l
74.a + 0, 7.0, 2.56 = 46a + 12,88 a = 0,18 > 0,14 (loi)

TH2: to CH 3OH trong phn ng vi KOH

Khi lng cht rn khan thu c l:


m = 74a + 0, 7.0, 2.56 = 32a + 12,88 a = 0,12; m = 8,88 g
p n 8,88 gam.
Bnh lun. Bi ton t ra hai thao tc, trong vic xc nh c CTPT ca este l thao tc u tin v
mu cht. tm c CTPT ca este ta phi gii mt bi ton v phn ng chy m hon ton c th ng
ring ra lm thnh mt bi ton c lp. Bi tp trn thc ra khng kh, nhng li c t vo hai bi ton
khc nhau, tnh ton li kh di dng, nn li tr thnh bi tp kh.
Bi 26. ______________________________________________________________________________________
Cho m gam tinh bt ln men thnh ancol (ru) etylic vi hiu sut 81% . Ton b lng CO2 hp th hon
ton vo dung dch nuc vi trong, thu c 550 g kt ta v dung dich Y . un k dung dch Y thu thm
100 gam kt ta. Khi lng m l bao nhiu ?
Li gii
Cc phng trnh phn ng:
Ca (OH ) 2 + CO2 CaCO3 + H 2O
5,5

5,5

Ca (OH ) 2 + CO2 + H 2O Ca ( HCO3 ) 2


1

Ca ( HCO3 ) 2 CaCO3 + H 2O + CO2


1

Tng s mol CO2 phn ng l

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CO2

= 5,5 + 1.2 = 7,5 ( mol )

ntinh -bot = 7,5 : 2 : 81% =

125
( mol ) mtinh -bot = 750 ( gam )
27

Bi 27.______________________________________________________________________________________
Cho 200 gam mt loi cht bo c ch s axit bng 7 tc dng va vi mt lng NaOH, thu c 207,55
gam hn hp mui khan. Khi lng NaOH tham gia phn ng l:
A. 31 gam
B. 32,36 gam
C. 30 gam
D. 31,45 gam
Li gii
1 g cht bo cn trung ha bi 7 mg KOH
Suy ra 200 g s cn 1400 mg KOH tc l cn 0,025 mol KOH
R - COOH + NaOH R - COONa + H 2O
0,025

0,025

( RCOO)3 C3 H 5 + 3NaOH 3RCOONa + C3 H 5 (OH )3


3x

1400
= 0, 025(mol )
56.1000
p dng LBT KL: 200 + 0, 025.40 + 120 x = 207,55 + 18.0, 025 + 92 x x = 0, 025(mol )

Ta c nKOH = nNaOH =

mNaOH = 3.0, 25.40 + 0, 025.40 = 31g .Chn p n C.


Bi 28. ______________________________________________________________________________________
Khi thu phn kim 265,2 g cht bo to bi mt axitcacboxylic thu uc 288 gam mui kali. Cht bo ny
c tn gi l:
A. glixerol tristearat
B. glixerol trioleat
C. glixerol trilinoleat
D. glixerol tripanmitat
Li gii
Dng phng php tng gim khi lng vi X l s mol ca este.
(393 - 41) x = 288 - 265, 2 = 22,8 x = 0,3mol

M axit = 884 C17 H 33COOH . Chn p n B.


Bi 29. _____________________________________________________________________________________
A l mt hn hp gm hai cht thuc dy ng ng ca stiren c khi lng phn t hn km nhau 14
vC. t chy hon ton m gam A bng O2 d. Cho sn phm chy hp th vo 300ml dung dch NaOH
2M. Khi lng bnh ng dung dch tng 22,44 gam v thu c dung dch D. Cho BaCl2 d vo dung
dch D thu c 35,46 gam kt ta. cc phn ng Xy ra hon ton. Tm CTPT ca 2 hidrocacbon trong A.
Li gii
Gi CTPT trung bnh ca A l Cn H 2 n -8

35, 46
= 0,18(mol ) nCO2 = 0,18 + (0,3.0, 2 - 0,182) = 0, 42(mol )
197
0, 42 - 0, 22
44nCO2 + 18nH 2O = 22, 44 nH 2O = 0, 22(mol ) nA =
= 0, 05
4
0, 42
n =
= 8, 4
0, 05
nBaCO3 =

Suy ra hai hidrocacbon cn tm l C8 H 8 , C9 H10


Bi 30. _____________________________________________________________________________________
36 http://boxmath.vn 17/04/2012

Hp cht X mch h c CTPT l C4 H 9 NO2 . Cho 10,3 g X phn ng va vi dung dch NaOH sinh ra 1
cht kh Y v dung dch Z. Kh Y nng hn khng kh, lm qu tm m chuyn mu Xanh. dung dch Z c
kh nng lm mt mu nc brom. C cn dung dch Z thu c m g mui khan. Gi tr m?
Li gii
Kh Y nng hn khng kh, lm qu tm m chuyn mu Xanh suy ra: CH 3 NH 2
Dung dch Z c kh nng lm mt mu nc brom suy ra phi c lin kt i C = C . Suy ra X l
CH 2 = CHCOONH 3CH 2 .
Do mmuoi = nmuoi M muoi = nX 94 =

10,3
.94 = 9, 4 g
103

Bi 31 40
Bi 31. ____________________________________________________________________________
Aminoaxit Y cng thc c dng NC x H y ( COOH )m . Ly mt lng axit aminoaxetic ( X ) v 3,104 gam Y.
Bit X v Y c cng s mol. t chy hon ton lng X v Y trn, th tch O2 cn dng t chy Y
nhiu hn X l 1,344l (ktc). CTCT thu gn ca Y l:

A. CH 3 NHCH 2COOH

B. H 2 NCH 2CH 2COOH

C. N ( CH 3COOH )3

D. NC4 H 8 ( COOH )2

Li gii.
t:
Y : C x H y Oz N1 : k (mol )

X : C2 H 5O2 N : k (mol )
y z
y
1
- )O2 xCO2 + H 2O + N 2
4 2
2
2
5 2
5
1
C2 H 5O2 N + (2 + - )O2 2CO2 + H 2O + N 2
4 2
2
2
5 2
1,344
y z
3,104
3,104
(2 + - ).k +
= ( x + - ).k (1) vi k =
=
4 2
22, 4
4 2
12 x + y + 16 z + 14
MY
C x H y Oz N1 + ( x +

Thay vo ta c:
3,104
9 - 4x - y + 2z

= -0, 06 15. (12x + y + 16z + 14 ) = 194 ( -9 + 4x+y - 2z )


12x + y + 16z + 14
4

596x + 179 y - 628z - 1956 = 0


T y suy ra y 4 , ch c p n C tha mn. Th li p n ny, ta chn C l ph hp.
Bi 32. _____________________________________________________________________________
Cho 0,02 mol mt este X phn ng va ht vi 200 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M, sn phm to ra ch 1 mui
v mt ancol u c s mol bng s mol este, u c cu to mch thng. Mt khc khi x phng ho hon
ton 2,58 gam este bng 20 ml dung dch KOH 1,5M va thu c 3,33 gam mui. Vy X l:
A. etilenglicol oxalat
B. etilenglicol adipat
C. imetyl adipat
D. ietyl oxalat
Li gii.

37 http://boxmath.vn 17/04/2012

1
nNaOH , nn este phi l este hai chc hoc l este ca phenol.
2
= nancol = neste , nn este phi l este ca ancol hai chc v axit hai chc.

TN1. Do neste =
Li c nmuoi

Suy ra CTPT ca este l R (COO ) 2 R .


TN2.

1
nKOH = 0, 015mol
2
T tnh ra c R = C4 H 8 v R = C2 H 4 . Suy ra este l C. imetyl adipat.
Ta c neste = nmuoi =

Bi 33. ____________________________________________________________________________
Mt este A ( khng cha chc khc) c to nn t 1 axit hu c B v 1 ancol C. Ly m gam A cho tc
dng vi KOH d thu c m1 gam mui. Ly m gam A cho tc dng vi Ca (OH ) 2 d thu c m2 gam
mui. Bit m2 < m < m1 . CT thu gn ca C l:
A. C2 H 5OH

B. CH 3OH

C. C3 H 7 OH

D. C4 H 8OH
Li gii.

RCOOR RCOOK
m gam

m1 gam

Ta c m1 > m nn R < 39

2 RCOOR ( RCOO )2 Ca
m gam

m2 gam

Ta c m > m2 nn 2 R > 40
Vy 20 < R < 39
Vy R l C2 H 5 - . Chn p n A
Bi 34. _____________________________________________________________________________
Thc hin phn ng este ho 1 mol HCOOH v 1 mol C2 H 5OH nhit ko i, (xc tc H 2 SO4 c),
khi h cn bng thu 0,6 mol este. cng iu kin trn este ho 1mol C2 H 5OH v x mol HCOOH , khi h
cn bng thu 0,75 mol este. Gi tr ca x l:
A. 1,25 mol
B. 0,75mol

C. 2mol
Li gii.
Phng trnh phn ng: HCOOH + C2 H 5OH HCOOC2 H 5 + H 2 0
Ta c K =

D. 1mol

[ HCOOC2 H 5 ][ H 2 0] = 0, 6.0, 6 = 2, 25
[ HCOOH ][C2 H 5OH ] 0, 4.0, 4

1 mol C2 H 5OH v x mol HCOOH , khi h cn bng thu 0,75mol este


Suy ra: 2, 25 =

0, 752
=> X = 1, 75
0, 25 ( X - 0, 75 )

Bi 35. ____________________________________________________________________________
un 0,4 mol hn hp 2 ancol no, n chc, mch h k tip trong dy ng ng bng dung dch H 2 SO4

140o C thu c 7,704 g hn hp 3 ete. Tham gia phn ngs ete ho c 50% s mol ancol c khi lng
phn t ln v 40% ancol c khi lng phn t nh. Xc nh cng thc hai ancol.

38 http://boxmath.vn 17/04/2012

A.Metylic v etylic
C. n-propylic v n-butylic

B. etylic v n-propylic
D. propan-2-ol v butan-2-ol
Li gii.
Gi hn hp 2 ancol l ROH vi R = 14n + 1 (do hai ancol no, n chc, h)
Hai ancol l ROH (x mol), ROH (y mol). Vi R > R
Ta c h phng trnh h phng trnh

x + y = 0, 4

0,5 x + 0, 4 y
) = 7, 704
(2 R + 16)(
2

x=

12,848 - 0,32 R
0, 2 R + 1, 6

T iu kin 0 < x < 0, 4 30,52 < R < 40,15


Li do hai ancol ny k tip nhau nn CTPT ca hai ancol l C2 H 5OH v C3 H 7 OH .
Bi 36. _____________________________________________________________________________
t hon ton 1,6 g este n chc E thu c 3,52 g kh cacbonic v 1,152 g hi nc. Mt khc, khi cho
10 g E tc dng vi lng NaOH va thu c 14 gam G. G tc dng axit long thu c G1 khng phn
nhnh. Pht biu no sau y sai:
A. E c to thnh t axit tp chc
B. Thu phn E cho 1 sn phm duy nht
C. Nung G vi vi ti xt thu c pentan
D. t G thu s mol CO2 bng s mol H 2O .
Li gii.
3,52 + 1,152 - 1, 6
p dng L Bo ton khi lng: nO2 =
32
Do este n chc nn ta c:
nH O
nE = nCO2 + 2 - nO2 = 0, 016
2
M E = 100 C5 H 8O2
th nghim th 2 ta c: mE = 10( g ); mNaOH = 4( g ); mran = 14( g ) mE + mNaOH = mran
Suy ra E l mt este mch vng
Mt khc E n chc nn E c to thnh t axit tp chc l HOOC[CH 2 ]3 CH 2OH
Cc phn ng l:
CH 2 -

CH 2 - CH 2

C (O) - O - CH 2

+ NaOH HO - [CH 2 ]4 - COONa

2 HO - [CH 2 ]4 - COONa + H 2 SO4 2 HO - [CH 2 ]4 - COOH + Na2 SO4

G1
CaO ,t o

HO - [CH 2 ]4 - COONa + NaOH OH - [CH 2 ]3 - CH 3 + Na2CO3 (*)

(*) cho php kt lun C sai. Chn p n C.


Bi 37. _____________________________________________________________________________
Cho hn hp X gm 2 cht hu c c cng cng thc phn t C2 H 7 NO2 tc dng va vi dung dch
NaOH v un nng thu c dung dch Y v 4, 48 lt hn hp Z ( ktc) gm hai kh (u lm xanh giy

39 http://boxmath.vn 17/04/2012

qu m). T khi hi ca Z i vi H 2 bng 13, 75 . C cn dung dch Y thu c khi lng mui khan
l:
A.16,5 gam

B.14,3 gam

C.8,9 gam
D.15,7 gam
Li gii.
X c CTPT dng Cn H 2 n +3O2 N , li tc dng vi NaOH to ra hn hp kh Z nn X c th l CH 3COONH 4
hoc HCOONH 3CH 3 , suy ra hai kh l NH 3 ( x mol) v CH 3 NH 2 (y mol)

x + y = 0, 2
x = 0, 05

Ta c x.17 + y.31

= 13, 75.2
y = 0,15
x+ y

Do , khi lng mui khan thu c l: m = 0, 05.M CH 3COONa + 0,15.M HCOONa = 14,3( gam)
Chn p n B.
Bi 38. _____________________________________________________________________________________
C bao nhiu cht hu c c CTPT C2 H 2On tc dng vi AgNO3 / NH 3 thu c kt ta?
A. 2

B. 3

C. 4
Li gii.

D. 5

Cc cht tha mn l
n = 0 : CH CH

n = 2 : HCO - COH
n = 3 : H (C = O)O(C = O) H
n = 3 : HCOO - CHO
n = 4 : HCOO - O - CHO
Chn p n D
Bi 39. _____________________________________________________________________________________
Cho 3,6 gam axit - cacboxylic no n chc X tc dng hon ton vi 500ml dung dch KOH 0,12M v
NaOH 0,12M . C cn dung dch thu c 8,28 gam hn hp rn khan. Cng thc phn t ca X l g?
Li gii
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng ta c mH 2O = 3, 6 + 0, 06.56 + 0, 06.40 - 8, 28 = 1, 08( g )

Suy ra nH 2O = 0, 06
Do nRCOOH = nH 2O = 0, 06 (trong X l RCOOH), dn n M X = 60
Vy X l CH 3COOH
Bi 40. ____________________________________________________________________________
Hn hp A gm X , Y ( M X < M Y ) l hai este n chc c chung gc axit. un nng m (g) A vi 400 ml
dung dch KOH 1M d thu c dung dch B v (m 12,6) gam hn hp gm hai andehit no, n chc,
ng ng k tip c t khi hi so vi H 2 l 26,2. C cn dung dch B thu c (m + 6,68) gam cht rn
khan. Phn trm khi lng ca X trong A l:
A. 54,66%
B. 45,55%

C. 36,44%
D. 30,37%
Li gii.
Ta thy M trung bnh ca 2 andehit (no) l 52,4. Vy ta kt lun ngay c 2 andehit l CH 3CHO v

C2 H 5CHO . V t tnh c t l hai andehit l 2:3

40 http://boxmath.vn 17/04/2012

R - COOCH = CH 2 + KOH RCOOK + CH 3CHO


2x

2x

2x

2x

RCOOCH = CH - CH 3 + KOH RCOOK + CH 3CHO


3x

3x

3x

3x

Ta c h phng trnh sau: (Gi M l nguyn t khi ca gc R)


m = 2 x.( M + 71) + 3 x.( M + 85) (1) (Khi lng 2 este)

2 x.44 + 3 x.58 = m - 12, 6 (2) (Khi lng 2 andehit)


(83 + M ).5 x + (0, 4 - 5 x).56 = m + 6, 6 (3) (ch khi lng rn trong c KOH d)
T suy ra: x = 0, 06 , m = 28,32 v M = 15
Vy % khi lng X l 36,44%.

Bi 41 50
Bi 41. _____________________________________________________________________________
t chy hon ton mt lng hn hp kh X gm mt ankan v mt anken cn dng va 0,7 mol O2 ,
thu c 0,4 mol CO2 . Cng thc ca ankan l:
A. C4 H10

B. C3 H 8

C. C2 H 6

D. CH 4

Li gii.
Bo ton oxi ta tnh c: nH 2O = 0, 6(mol )
t CTPT trung bnh ca hn hp Cn H 2 n + 2- 2 k ( 0 < k < 1 ). Phn ng chy

Cn H 2 n + 2- 2 k nCO2 + (n + 1 - k ) H 2O
Ta c

n + 1 - k 0, 6
=
n + 2k = 2 . Suy ra n < 2, m anken lun c s C ln hn hoc bng 2 nn ankan
n
0, 4

trong X ch c 1 C. Vy cng thc ca ankan l CH 4 .

Bi 42. _____________________________________________________________________________
t chy hon ton 0,25 mol hn hp X gm H 2 N - R - (COOH ) x , Cn H 2 n +1COOH thu c 0,6 mol

CO2 v 0,675 mol H 2O . Mt khc 0,2 mol hn hp X phn ng va vi dung dch cha a mol HCl .
Tnh a.
Li gii.
Gi 2 cht trn aminoaxit v axit ccboxylic ln lt l A v B.
B c mt lin kt i nn khi tham gia phn ng chy to ra nH 2O = nCO2 .
Nhng t chy hn hp th nH 2O > nCO2 (0, 675 > 0, 6) nn khi t A th phi c nH 2O > nCO2 .
t CTPT ca A l Cn H 2 n +3- 2 x - 2 y O2 x N , vi y l bt bo ho ca gc R ( y 0; x 1)
Nu x + y 2 th khi t A c nH 2O < nCO2 .
Do vy y = 0, x = 1 , khi A c CTPT: Cn H 2 n +1O2 N
Khi t chy th 2nH 2O - 2nCO2 = nA
Vi B th nH 2O = nCO2 .
Do vi 0,25 mol ban u c: 2.0, 675 - 2.0, 6 = 0,15 ( mol ) cht A.
Nn 0,2 mol X s c 0,12 mol cht A
X do vy s phn ng va vi a = 0,12 ( mol ) HCl.
41 http://boxmath.vn 17/04/2012

Bi 43. _____________________________________________________________________________
Cho hn hp gm 2 este mch h l ng phn ca nhau. Ly 0,2 mol X cho phn ng hon ton vi 300 ml
dung dch NaOH 1M, ri tin hnh chng ct c 8,5 gam hn hp hai ancol ng ng k tip nhau. C
cn phn dung dch cn li sau chng ct c cht rn A. Nung A trong oxi d n phn ng hon ton
c 22 gam CO2 v 7,2 gam H 2 O cng 1 lng Na2CO3 . Cng thc phn t ca hai este l:
A. C2 H 3COOC2 H 5 & C3 H 5COOCH 3
B. C2 H 5COOC2 H 5 & C3 H 7 COOCH 3
C. C2 H 3COOC3 H 7 & C3 H 5COOC2 H 5
D. C3 H 5COOC3 H 7 & C4 H 6COOC2 H 5
Li gii.
bi cho mt gi thit quan trng l hai ancol ng ng k tip nhau, ta ngh ngay ti vic li dng
iu ny tm ra cng thc hai ancol thng qua khi lng mol trung bnh. Tuyt vi hn na, ta cng
8,5
= 42,5
c khi lng v s mol hai ancol ny. Vy d dng suy ra M ancol =
0, 2
Suy ra hai ancol l CH 3OH v C2 H 5OH , loi p n C, D
CH 3OH (32)

Ta c s ng cho

3,5
=

42,5
C2 H 5OH ( 46 )

10,5

1
3

T l hai ancol cng chnh l t l hai este nn:


Suy ra neste RCOOCH3 = 0, 05neste RCOOC2 H5 = 0,15
Ch cn hai p n A, B. V chng ta cn phn ng th 2 cha s dng. Ta quan st hai mui to ra t cc
este ca A, B ch khc nhau s nguyn t H. Ta s da vo s H chn p n ng.
phn ng (2) ta bo ton nguyn t H.
nH trong muoi = 2nH 2O - nNaOH du = 0, 7
Vi cc s mol, ta th hai p n A, B th ch thy A to ra c 0,7. Chn A.
Bnh lun. Ta c th gii nhanh hn da vo cc p n A, B, C, D nh sau:

RCOONa : 0, 2 (mol )
Ta c A :
NaOH d : 0,1 (mol )
S mol H trong mui RCOONa = 2nH 2O - nNaOH du = 0, 7 (mol )

S H trung bnh trong RCOONa =

0, 7
= 3,5 . Vy loi cc p n B, D
0, 2

Th p n C xem ng khng nh.


x + y = 0, 2
t: nC2 H3COOC3 H 7 = x; nC3 H5COOC2 H5 = y
(*)
60 x + 46 y = 8,5
Gii h (*) cho ta nghim m. Vy chn p n A.
Bi 44. _____________________________________________________________________________
Ly 15,66g amin n chc, mch h X ( X c khng qu 4 lin kt p ) trn vi 168 lt khng kh (ktc).
Bt tia la in t chy hon ton X , hn hp sau phn ng c a v 0 C, 1atm ngng t ht
hi nc th c th tch l 156,912 lt. Xc nh s ng phn ca X.
A.2
B.17
C.16
D.8
Li gii

42 http://boxmath.vn 17/04/2012

3
1
3n - k + 32

Gi amin l Cn H 2 n + 3- 2 k N ( k 4) +
O2 nCO2 + n - k + H 2 O + N 2
2
2
2

1
15, 66
3n - k + 32
n = 5
C5 H13 N
- n - .
= 0, 495

2
2 14n + 17 - 2k

k = 0
Cc ng phn l
Amin bc 1: C5 H11 - NH 2 c 8 ng phn (ging ancol)

Amin bc 2: CH 3 - NH - C4 H 9 c 1.4 = 4 ng phn (do CH 3 c 1 ng phn v C4 H 9 c 4 ng phn) ;

C2 H 5 - NH - C3 H 7 c 1.2 = 2 ng phn
Amin bc 3: (CH 3 ) 2 N - C3 H 7 c 1.1.2 = 2 ng phn ; CH 3 - N (C2 H 5 ) 2 c 1.1.1 = 1 ng phn
Chn p n B.
Bi 45. _____________________________________________________________________________
Oxi ha 38 gam hn hp propanal, ancol A no n chc bc 1 v este B (to bi mt axit ng ng ca axit
acrylic v ancol A) c hn hp X gm axit v este. Mt khc, cho lng X phn ng vi 0,5 lt dung
dch NaOH 1,5M th sau phn ng trung ha ht NaOH d cn 0,15 mol HCl c dung dch D. C cn D
c hi cht hu c E, cn li 62,775 gam hn hp mui. Cho E tch nc 140o C ( H 2 SO4 c xc tc)
c F c t khi vi E l 1,61. A v B ln lt l:
A. C2 H 5OH v C3 H 5COOC2 H 5
C. CH 3OH v C4 H 7COOCH 3
B. CH 3OH v C3 H 5COOCH 3

D. C2 H 5OH v C4 H 7COOC2 H 5
Li gii.

Ta nhn thy E chnh l ancol to este B. t CTPT ca E l ROH. Do

MF
= 1, 61 > 1 nn F l ete, do
ME

2 R + 16
= 1, 61 R = 29 ( C2 H 5 - ) . Vy E hay ancol A chnh l C2 H 5OH . Loi p n B v C
R + 17
Gi x, y, z ln lt l s mol ca C2 H 5CHO, C2 H 5OH , Cm H 2 m -1COOC2 H 5
(Lu , do axit to thnh este l ng ng ca axit acrylic nn m 3 )
Ta c 58 x + 46 y + z (72 + 14m) = 38

Oxi ha hn hp s to ra hn hp X gm x mol C2 H 5COOH , y mol CH 3COOH , z mol este


S mol NaOH phn ng vi hn hp sn phm: nNaOH = 0,5.1,5 - 0,15 = 0, 6(mol ) x + y + z = 0, 6 .

C cn D s to ra x mol C2 H 5COONa, y mol CH 3COONa, z mol Cm H 2 m -1COONa v 0,15 mol

NaCl. Suy ra 96 x + 82 y + z (66 + 14m) + 0,15.78,5 = 64, 775


Nh vy ta c h 3 phng trnh:
38 - 58x - 46 y - 72z

m=

(1)
(1')
58 x + 46 y + z (72 + 14m) = 38
14z

(2) 38x + 36 y - 6z = 16
(2 ')
x + y + z = 0, 6
96 x + 82 y + z (66 + 14m) + 0,15.58,5 = 62, 775 (3)
x + y + z = 0, 6
(3')

T (2) v (3) suy ra


2
17
36( x + y ) < 16 + 6 z < 38( x + y ) 36(0, 6 - z ) < 16 + 6 z < 38(0, 6 - z ) < z <
(*)
15
110
y = 3, 4 - 22 z
T (2) v (3) cng suy ra c
x = 21z - 2,8

43 http://boxmath.vn 17/04/2012

22 139
. Thay (*) vo bt phng trnh trn suy ra: 0, 47 < m < 3,8
7z
7
Suy ra m = 3. Chn p n A.
Bnh lun. T h phng trnh (1)(2)(3), ta c th da vo p n v th vi cc gi tr m = 3, 4. Vi trng
Thay vo (1), ta c m =

hp m = 4 ta tm c nghim m, loi. Do m = 3.
Bi 46. _____________________________________________________________________________
Hn hp X gm mt s hidrocacbon l ng ng k tip c tng khi lng phn t l 204, trong khi
lng phn t ca hidrocacbon nng nht c khi lng phn t nng gp 2,4 ln khi lng ca
hidrocacbon nh nht. Cng thc ca hidrocacbon nh nht l:
A. C2 H 2
B. C3 H 6
C. C2 H 6
D. C4 H 8
Li gii.
Gi phn t khi ca hidrocacbon nh nht l M, cc hidrocacbon tip theo c khi lng l:
M + 14, M + 14.2,...
Tng khi lng ca n ng ng lin tip l
Li c M + 14(n - 1) = 2, 4.M (*) n =

M = n.M + 14 (1 + 2 + ... + (n - 1) ) = 204

1, 4.M
+ 1. Thay vo biu thc trn suy ra M = 30, n = 4 .
14

Vy chn p n C.
Bi 47. _____________________________________________________________________________
Hn hp X gm 2 este n chc l ng ng k tip c t l khi lng tng tng ng l 0,7396 : 1 v
hiu s mol ca chng l cc i. X phng ho hon ton 86,96 gam X bng dung dch KOH d thu c
mt mui duy nht (khng c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng Ag) c khi lng m1 gam v 2 ru n
chc. Ly ton b ru qua CuO nung nng ri dn sn phm qua dung dch Br2 d th thy c a (mol) Br2
phn ng. Gi tr ca m1 v a l:
A. 76,26g v 1,36 mol
C. 87,41g v 0,93mol

B. 87,42g v 1,36 mol


D. 76,26g v 0,93 mol
Li gii.

Gi x l khi lng mol ca este nh.


0, 7396
1
0, 7396
1
+
= f ( M ) . Xt f '( M ) = Ta c hiu s mol:
2
M
( M + 14) 2
M
M + 14
Suy ra f '( M ) = 0 M = 86
Lp bng bin thin, hiu s mol ln nht khi M = 86 ( C4 H 6O2 )
Gi s ta c este C4 H 6O2 : x mol v este C5 H10O2 : y mol
Khi lng mi cht ln lt l l 36,96g v 50g. Suy ra s mol l x = 0, 43 mol v y = 0,5 mol.
Cng thc cu to ca hai este l: CH 2 = CH - COOCH 3 v CH 2 = CH - COOC2 H 5 (do phn ng vi
KOH to mui duy nht khng c kh nng phn ng trng bc). V mui to ra l
CH 2 = CH - COONa : ( x + y ) mol

m = 87, 42 g
Khi cho qua CuO: HCHO : x ( mol ) v CH 3CHO : y ( mol )
Phn ng vi Br2 th s mol brom phn ng l: 2 x + y = 1,36 ( mol )
Bi 48. _____________________________________________________________________________

44 http://boxmath.vn 17/04/2012

Cho 0,1 mol CH 3COOH vo cc cha 30 ml dung dch ROH 20% (d = 1,2 g/ml, R l mt kim loi nhm
IA). C cn dung dch sau phn ng, ri t chy hon ton cht rn khan cn li. Sau khi t chy th cn
li 9,54 gam cht rn v m gam hn hp CO2 , hi nc bay ra. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 7,54

B. 8,26

C. 9,3
Li gii

D. 10,02

9,54(g) cht rn c cng thc: R2CO3

2.9,54
30.1, 2.20
= 2nR2CO3 = nROH =
R = 23 ( Na )
2 R + 60
100( R + 17)

CH 3COOH + NaOH CH 3COONa + H 2O


Sau phn ng trung ha dung dch c:
nCH 3COONa = 0,1(mol ); nNaOH = 0, 08(mol )
C cn c cht rn khan , ri em t s c ln lt cc phn ng
to

CH 3COONa + NaOH + 2O2 CO2 + 2 H 2O + Na2CO3


to

2CH 3COONa + 5O2 3CO2 + 3H 2O + Na2CO3


Da vo phung trnh ta tnh c:
nCO2 = 0,11(mol ); nH 2O = 0,19(mol ) m = 8, 26( g )
Bi 49. _____________________________________________________________________________
un nng hn hp 1mol HCOOH v 1 mol CH 3COOH v 2 mol C2 H 5OH t oC ( trong bnh kn dung
tch khng i ) n trng thi cn bng th thu 0,6 mol HCOOC2 H 5 v 0,4 mol CH 3COOC2 H 5 . Nu un
nng hn hp gm 1 mol HCOOH , 3 mol CH 3COOH v a mol C2 H 5OH iu kin nh trn n trng
thi cn bng th thu c 0,8 mol HCOOC2 H 5 . Gi tr ca a l:
A.12,88

B.9,97

C.5,6
D.6,64
Li gii.
Gi X v Y ln lt l hng s cn bng ca phn ng este ha gia axit HCOOH v CH 3COOH vi

C2 H 5OH . Phn ng ha hc l:
HCOOH + C2 H 5OH HCOOC2 H 5 + H 2O (1)
CH 3COOH + C2 H 5OH CH 3COOC2 H 5 + H 2O (2)
1.
C 2 phn ng este ca 2 axit nn s mol H 2O bng tng s mol H 2O c 2 phng trnh
nH 2O = nHCOOC2 H5 + nCH 3COOC2 H5 = 0, 4 + 0, 6 = 1

S mol C2 H 5OH cn li bng s mol ban u tr s mol phn ng c 2 phng trnh

nC2 H5OH du = nC2 H5OH bandau - [nHCOOC2 H5 + nCH3COOC2 H5 ] = 2 - (0, 4 + 0, 6) = 1


Suy ra cc hng s cn bng l
( HCOOC2 H 5 )( H 2O)
0, 6.1 3
X=
=
=
( HCOOH )(C2 H 5OH du ) 0, 4.1 2

Y=

(CH 3COOC2 H 5 )( H 2O)


0, 4.1 2
=
=
(CH 3COOH )(C2 H 5OH du ) 0, 6.1 3

2.

45 http://boxmath.vn 17/04/2012

Khi cho 1 mol HCOOH v 3 mol CH 3COOH v cng iu kin nn X v Y khng i.


Gi x l s mol CH 3COOH phn ng
HCOOH + C2 H 5OH HCOOC2 H 5 + H 2O
1
1- 0,8

a
a - 0,8- x '

0
0,8

0
0,8+ x '

CH 3COOH + C2 H 5OH CH 3COOC2 H 5 + H 2O


3
3- x '

a
a - 0,8- x '

0
x'

0
x ' + 0,8

Suy ra

X=

0,8(0,8 + x)
3
x(0,8 + x)
2
= (1) v Y =
= (2)
(1 - 0,8)(a - 0,8 - x) 2
(3 - x)(a - 0,8 - x) 3

Chia v theo v (1') v (2'), suy ra c c = 1,92


Thay vo (1') suy ra a = 9,97.
Bi 50. ____________________________________________________________________________
Phn ng no sau y to ra sn phm sai?
A. Glucozo + Cu ( OH )2 + NaOH Axit Gluconic
o

Ni ,t
B. Glucozo + H 2
X (X c CTPT l C6 H16O6 )
HCl khan
C. Glucozo + CH 3OH
Metyl glucozit

D. C6 H12O6 + Cu ( OH )2 ( C6 H11O6 )2 Cu
Li gii.
Phn ng A sai. Phn ng c tin hnh trong mi trng kim, nn s to ra mui natri gluconat ch
khng to ra axit gluconic.

Bi 51 54
Bi 51. _____________________________________________________________________________
Chn nhn nh ng.
A. Amin bc 1 tc dng vi HNO2 nhit thng lun cho ancol v gii phng N 2 .
B. Anilin tc dng vi HNO2 nhit cao cho mui iazoni.
C. Do nguyn t nit cn hai electron c thn c th to lin kt cho nhn vi ion H + nn amin th
hin tnh cht baz.
D. ra l ng anilin, ngi ta ch cn dng nc.
Li gii.
Cu A sai do amin bc 1 tc dng vi HNO2 khng ch to ancol m cn c th to phenol (v d nh
anilin).
Cu B sai, hin nhin v phn ng ny c tin hnh nhit thp (0 5oC).
Cu C ng.
Cu D sai. Anilin tan rt km trong nc nn ra l anilin khng th ch dng nc.
Cu 52. ____________________________________________________________________________
Chn pht biu ng.
A. Cht nhit rn khc cht nhit do ch kh nng chy.
B. Hu ht cc polime khng tan trong dung mi thng thng m ch tan trong mt s dung mi thch
hp.
46 http://boxmath.vn 17/04/2012

C. PE khng phn ng vi dung dch brom do monome ca n khng c lin kt i.


D. Theo cch tng hp, ngi ta chia polime thnh 3 loi: thin nhin, nhn to v tng hp.
Li gii.
Cu A sai. Hai loi cht ny khc nhau sn phm sau khi nng chy. Nu nh cht nhit lng nng chy
cho cht lng nht, ngui s rn li th cht nhit rn b phn hy khi un nng.
Cu B l mt nhn nh ng.
Cu C sai v monome ca PE l CH 2 = CH 2 c lin kt i.
Cu D sai, v cch phn chia ny da vo ngun gc. Da vo cch tng hp th ngi ta c polime trng
hp, trng ngng,
Bnh lun. y l mt cu hi l thuyt hay, nh vo nhiu im thng gy nhm ln, c th l gia cht
nhit rn v nhit lng, monome v mt xch, phn loi polime theo cch tng hp v ngun gc.
Bi 53. _____________________________________________________________________________
Dy no sau y cha cht khng to lin kt hidro vi nc?
A. Etanol, axeton, axit axetic
B. Etanol, metyl amin, p-xilen
C. Metyl amin, etanol, metanal
D. Etanol, metanol, axit axetic
Li gii.
Ta ch cn ch , trong chng trnh ha hu c ph thng, lin kt hidro l phng tin ch yu gii
thch tnh tan tt hay khng tt ca mt cht trong dung mi nc. Cc cht tan tt trong nc l nhng cht
c lin kt hidro vi nc. V vy, chn p n C, p-xilen khng tan trong nc, khng to lin kt hidro vi
nc.
Bi 54. _____________________________________________________________________________
Hn hp X gm imetyl amin v hai hidrocacbon ng ng lin tip. t chy hon ton 100 ml hn hp
X bng lng oxi va , thu c 550 ml hn hp kh v hi nc. Nu cho Y i qua dung dch axit
sunfuric c, d th cn li 250 ml kh (Cc th tch kh v hi o cng iu kin). Cng thc phn t ca
hai hidrocacbon l?
A. CH 4 v C2 H 6
C. C2 H 6 v C3 H 8
B. C2 H 4 v C3 H 6

D. C3 H 6 v C4 H 8

Li gii.
t cng thc phn t trung bnh ca hai hidrocacbon l Cn H 2 n + 2- 2 k (do hai hidrocacbon ng ng nn

k N)
Gi s c x mol C2 H 7 N v y mol Cn H 2 n + 2- 2 k
T bi suy ra c V( CO2 + N2 ) = 250(ml ) v VH 2O = 300(ml )
Ta c

n( CO2 + N2 )
nX

x
+ ny
250
2
=
= 2,5 n = 2,5 . Do hai hidrocacbon l ng ng lin tip nn cc
x+ y
100

2x +

hidrocacbon c 2 C v 3 C.
Li c

nH 2O
nX

7
2

x + n +1- k y
x+ y

300
1
x
= 3 x + n - 2 - k y = 0 0,5 - k = - < 0 k > 0,5
100
2
y

Kt lun. Hai hidrocacbon l anken: C2 H 4 v C3 H 6

47 http://boxmath.vn 17/04/2012

Bnh lun. Mu cht ca bi ton l vic tm ra c n = 2,5 bng mt php tnh tng t tnh s nguyn t
trung bnh, nhng li tnh cho c hai nguyn t. Chnh iu ny lm cho nhiu bn khng ngh ti, v khng
tm c cha kha m ra p n ca bi ton.
Tuy nhin, y l mt bi tp trc nghim v d nhin, ngoi cch gii chnh thng trn, vn c cch gii
khc m ta vn thng lm l loi b dn p n. C th ta tm c s nguyn t H trung bnh l nH = 6 ,
m dimetyl amin c 7 H nn t nht mt trong hai hidrocacbon phi c t hn 6 H trong phn t. Loi p n
4
C v D. Li do ch C2 H 7 N to ra N 2 vi nCO2 > 4nN2 , nn tm li hn hp X to ra nCO2 > n( CO2 + N2 ) = 2.
5
Loi thm p n A. Vy ta chn B.
Bi ton thuc dng bi hn hp, phng php c s dng ch yu l tr s trung bnh. Nhng, hn
hp c cho trong bi c cc cht khc loi nhau (amin v hidrocacbon), thm na tr s trung bnh c
n( CO + N )
s dng kh c bit
. Vy nn, bi ton tr nn kh gii theo cch chnh thng (khng da vo
nX
p n trc nghim). Nhng c l mt cht mm ci, mt cht sung sng s l s tr cng xng ng cho
nhng ai chu kh i tm mt chn l ton vn. Chng ti xin c gi cch gii y , p mt v ngn
gn trn l mt chn l ton vn!
2

Ti liu c ti xung min ph ti www.boxmath.vn


Ti liu c th in ra phc v mc ch hc tp. Mi s sao chp, trch dn u phi c s cho php ca
box Ha hc, thuc din n BoxMath.

48 http://boxmath.vn 17/04/2012

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