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T VN
Trong tnh hnh hin nay, khi m mc cnh tranh cng ln th vn cht lng
cng phi c quan tm v ch trng. Ca cao l cy trng v ang mang li thu nhp
rt ln cho b con nng dn mt s vng Ty Nguyn, Nam Trung B v ng Bng
Sng Cu Long, nhng theo mt s thng tin gn y cho thy cht lng ht ca cao Vit
Nam ang gp phi mt s tr ngi ln nh mc ln men cha cao, axit cn thp
cho d n c du hiu ci thin dn v cht lng. Xut pht t thc t hin nay v da
trn cc nghin cu trc chng ti tin hnh th nghim b sung enzyme vo trong
qu trnh ln men ht ca cao, vi mong mun s iu khin c qu trnh ln men theo
ng hng, ci thin c cht lng sn phm v mang li hiu qu kinh t.
II. NI DUNG V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
1. i tng v vt liu nghin cu
- S dng ch phm enzyme invertase.
- S dng qu ca cao chn k thut, khi lng t 0,5 1 kg thuc dng
forastero v trinitario, hi t vn kinh doanh ca Cty EAKMAT.
2. Ni dung
- Nghin cu liu lng enzyme invertase thch hp cho ln men ht ca cao.
- Nghin cu thi im b sung invertase thch hp cho ln men ht ca cao.
3. Phng php nghin cu
- Th nghim 1: Nghin cu liu lng enzyme invertase thch hp cho ln men,
s dng 3 cng thc vi mi cng thc l 25kg ht ti v tin hnh 2 ln nhc.
CT1 liu lng enzyme 40ppm, CT2 liu lng enzyme 60ppm, CT3 liu
lng enzyme 80ppm v C1 i chng (tt c u ln men 6 ngy vi 2 ln
o).
- Th nghim 2: Nghin cu thi im b sung invertase thch hp cho ln men,
s dng 3 cng thc vi mi cng thc l 25kg ht ti v tin hnh 2 ln nhc.
CT4 b sung enzyme ngay t u (0 gi), CT5 b sung enzyme sau 24 gi
ln men, CT6 b sung enzyme sau 48 gii ln men v C2 i chng (tt c
u ln men 6 ngy vi 2 ln o).
- Ch tiu theo di: Nhit ln men, hm lng nht, hm lng v, im s
ln men (CTS), pH, TA, th nm. s liu thc nghim c x l theo phn
mm thng k Excel v Sas.
- a im thc hin: Phng th nghim sinh ha v cng ngh sinh hc Vin
KHKT NLN Ty Nguyn.
III.
KT QU NGHIN CU
1. Kt qu xc nh liu lng enzyme invertase thch hp cho ln men ca cao
Bng 3.1 Nhit khi ht trong qu trnh ln men ht ca cao
CT
Ngy 0
Ngy 1
Ngy 2
Ngy 3
Ngy 4
Ngy 5
Ngy 6
trn gia di trn gia di trn gia di trn gia di trn gia di trn gia di trn gia di
CT1 25.5 27.0 26.4 28.1 26.9 26.0 33.4 30.2 27.6 39.5 34.9 28.7 42.1 39.1 35.3 41.9 40.1 37.7 43.8 44.5 42.3
CT2 25.5 27.0 26.4 28.1 27.0 26.1 33.2 29.9 27.4 38.2 35.7 31.5 39.3 36.3 32.9 41.6 41.2 39.4 42.8 43.1 41.9
CT3 25.5 27.0 26.4 26.8 26.3 25.7 31.9 29.0 27.0 39.3 34.8 30.1 39.2 35.3 32.2 38.5 35.5 34.3 43.8 43.9 40.8
C1 25.5 27.0 26.4 28.0 26.5 25.5 35.2 31.8 28.1 39.4 35.4 31.6 40.5 36.1 31.6 42.1 41.9 40.0 42.5 41.9 39.4
MT
26.8
24.6
23.4
24.1
22.8
21.3
21.4
Bng 3.2 Tc thot dch nht (hm lng cm nhy) trong khi ln men
%
30.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
28.05
CT1
10.62
9.13
8.25
6.29
CT2
CT3
C1
Hm lng v %
15,33
15,87
14,70
16,23
* Ghi ch : Cc s trn cng mt ct i theo sau bi cc ch ci ging nhau th khng khc nhau c ngha thng k, p > 0,05 ;
LSD0,05 = 50,85 theo trc nghim Sas)
pH
4,90a
5,09a
4,98a
4,97a
0,30
* Ghi ch : Cc s trn cng mt ct i theo sau bi cc ch ci ging nhau th khng khc nhau c ngha thng k p < 0.05, theo
trc nghim Sas
Hng ca cao
3,13a
4,38a
3,63a
4,25a
2,08
V chua
2,75a
2,88a
2,88a
3,13a
0,72
V ng
3,25a
2,88a
3,38a
2,75a
1,74
V cht
2,88a
2,63a
2,88a
3,13a
0,94
Hng tri cy
1,38b
2,38a
1,50ab
1,63ab
0,94
* Ghi ch : Cc s trn cng mt ct i theo sau bi cc ch ci ging nhau th khng khc nhau c ngha thng k, p < 0,05 theo
trc nghim Sas)
CT
Ngy 1
Ngy 2
tr n g ia d i tr n g i a d i tr n g i a d i trn
Ngy 3
Ngy 4
Ng y 5
g i a d i trn g i a d i tr n
Ngy 6
g i a d i tr n
g i a d i
CT 4 24.6 24.5 24.4 25.4 25.0 24.2 28.2 26.8 25.4 35.8 32.3 29.3 36.4 32.2 29.2 37.2 35.0 32.7 42.7 42.6 39.3
CT 5 24.6 24.5 24.4 27.2 26.4 25.3 33.5 31.0 27.9 38.0 33.5 28.9 39.8 34.7 30.2 42.9 40.3 36.3 43.1 44.1 42.2
CT 6 24.6 24.5 24.4 26.1 25.1 24.4 29.5 28.0 26.1 38.9 32.8 29.0 40.3 37.9 34.0 43.8 40.3 37.6 41.6 42.3 41.0
C2 24.6 24.5 24.4 26.1 25.1 24.3 29.9 27.4 25.4 37.3 31.9 27.8 38.6 34.4 30.8 41.6 40.5 35.8 43.0 42.7 41.2
MT
26.4
22.2
22.2
22.1
20.8
19.4
20.6
Bng 3.7 Tc thot dch nht (hm lng cm nhy) trong khi ln men
%
30.00
25.00
27.81
20.00
CT4
15.58
13.82
13.77
12.24
15.00
10.00
15.47
13.99
12.26
10.01
5.00
CT5
8.09
7.72
6.27
5.84
CT6
C2
0.00
ngy 0
ngy 1
ngy 2
ngy 3
ngy 4
ngy 5
ngy 6
Ti khu vc daklak vo nhng ngy cui thng 11 u thng 12 ca cao cho thu
hoch tng i nhiu, nhng ngy ny thi tit thng rt mt v ko theo nhng cn
ma nh nn nhit y trung bnh khong 21,9oC, khng thun li cho qu trnh ln
men theo chiu hng c li. Do , trong sut qu trnh ln men nhit khi ht cc th
2, th 3 v th 4 c xem l thi im chuyn ha ru thnh axit acetic mnh nht
tng nhit, nhng chnh nhit mi trng qu thp nn nhit khi ht trong giai on
ny rt thp, cao nht ch t 40,3oC (bng 3.6) v c s chnh lch ng k v nhit
gia cc lp trn, gia v di trong cng mt khi ht, cng xung di th nhit cng
gim v khi n ngy 6 th nhit mi tng ln c khong 43 oC tng i thp, d
bo cho kt qu ht ca cao sau khi ln men cht lng khng cao.
Bng 3.7 cho thy khng c s khc nhau ln gia cc mu CT v C2, chng t
khng c s nh hng ca thi im b sung enzyme n tc thot dch nht ca khi
ht trong qu trnh ln men, thm ch y mu C2 c hm lng nht cn li cn thp
hn so vi cc CT khc.
Bng 3.8 Hm lng v - im s ln men (CTS)
Cng thc
CT4
CT5
CT6
C2
LSD0,01
Hm lng v %
13,07b
15,29a
15,25a
14,24ab
1,51
CTS
766ab
745b
776a
747b
28,24
* Ghi ch : Cc s trn cng mt ct i theo sau bi cc ch ci ging nhau th khng khc nhau c ngha thng k, p < 0,01 theo
trc nghim Sas)
Hm lng v ht sau khi ln men cao hay thp phn nh phn no mc phn
hy thnh phn lp cm nhy ca ht trong khi ln men din ra cao hay thp, hay ni cch
khc l phn nh cc phn ng sinh ha din ra bn ngoi v ht mc mnh hay yu.
Bng 3.8 ch ra gia cc CT v C2 khc nhau c ngha v hm lng v, CT4 hm
lng v thp nht (13,07%), tip n l C2 (14,24%), gia CT5 v CT6 khng c s
khc bit. Mt khc, v im s ln men (CTS) ca cc CT v C2 khng cao, bi iu
kin mi trng ln men cha thch hp nn cc phn ng sinh ha bn trong ht din ra
khng mnh v cao nht l CT3 (776), k n l CT1 (766), gia CT2 v C2 khng khc
nhau.
Bng 3.9 Kt qu xc nh pH TA sau khi ln men
Cng thc
CT4
CT5
CT6
C2
LSD0,01
pH
4,71a
4,63a
4,94a
4,77a
0,32
* Ghi ch : Cc s trn cng mt ct i theo sau bi cc ch ci ging nhau th khng khc nhau c ngha thng k, p < 0,05 theo
trc nghim Sas)
Hng ca cao
3,00
2,75
3,38
3,75
1,90
V chua
4,13
4,00
4,00
4,00
1,18
V ng
3,88
3,75
3,63
3,50
1,96
V cht
3,38
3,63
3,88
3,75
1,44
Hng tri cy
1,88
1,50
1,88
2,00
1,57