Da QTTB

Thit k thp mm chp chng ct ethanol-nc
SVTH: T Th Thanh Loan

GVHD: V B Minh
NHN XT N
Cn b hng dn. Nhn xt: _________________________________________________
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im:_________________________Ch k:__________
Cn b chm hay Hi ng bo v. Nhn xt: _____________________________________
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im:_________________________Ch k:_______________
im tng kt:________________________________________

GVHD: V B Minh
MC LC
CHNG I : TNG QUAN .............................................................................................. ..5
1. Tng quan v sn phm 7
2. Phng php v thit b chng ct....6
3. Cng ngh chng ct h Etanol-Nc...9
CHNG II : TNH CN BNG VT CHT - NNG LNG ................................... 12
1.
Tnh cn bng vt cht.............................................................................................. 12
2.
Tnh cn bng nng lng ........................................................................................ 17
CHNG III :TNH TON THIT K THP CHNG CT ..................................... 20

1.
Tnh ng knh thp chng ct............................................................................... 20
2.
Tnh chiu cao thp .................................................................................................. 26
3.
Tnh ton chp v ng chy chuyn. ........................................................................ 26
4.
Tnh tr lc thp ....................................................................................................... 31
CHNG IV : TNH TON C KH CA THP .......................................................... 36

1 . B dy thn thp ......................................................................................................... 38
2 . y v np thit b ..................................................................................................... 38
3 . Bch ghp thn, y v np ........................................................................................ 36
4 . ng knh cc ng dn Bch ghp cc ng dn ..................................................... 40
5 . Tai treo v chn ...................................................................................................... 45
CHNG V : TNH TON THIT B TRUYN NHIT- THIT B PH .................. 52
1 . Cc thit b truyn nhit ............................................................................................. 52
1.1 Thit b lm ngui sn phm nh .......................................................................... 52
1.2 Thit b trao i nhit gia nhp liu v sn phm y ......................................... 57
1.3 Thit gia nhit nhp liu........................................................................................ 65
1.4 Ni un gia nhit sn phm y ............................................................................. 70
1.5 Thit gia ngng t sn phm nh ......................................................................... 73
2. Tnh ton bm nhp liu .............................................................................................. 77
2.1 Tnh chiu cao bn cao v ...................................................................................... 77
2.2 Chn bm.............................................................................................................. 82
2

GVHD: V B Minh
CHNG VI : GI THNH THIT B ............................................................................. 85

CHNG VII : KT LUN ................................................................................................. 87
TI LIU THAM KHO ...................................................................................................... 88

GVHD: V B Minh

GVHD: V B Minh
CHNG I : TNG QUAN

1. Tng quan v sn phm
Nguyn liu l hn hp Etanol - Nc.
1.1 Etanol:
Etanol c cng thc phn t: CH3-CH2-OH, khi lng phn t: 46 vC. L cht lng c
mi c trng, khng c, tan nhiu trong nc.
Hnh 1: Cu trc phn t Etanol

+ Nhit si 760 mmHg: 78.3oC.
+ Khi lng ring: d420 = 810 Kg/m3.
ng dng: etanol c nhiu ng dng, n ng mt vai tr quan trng trong nn kinh t
quc dn. N l nguyn liu dng sn sut nhiu mt hng khc nhau v c ng dng rng
ri trong cc ngnh: cng nghip nng, y t, dc, quc phng, giao thng vn ti, dt, ch bin
g v nng nghip.
1.2 Nc:
-Nc l mt hp cht ha hc ca Hydro v Oxy, cng thc ha hc l H2O. Nc l mt
cht quan trng trong cng nghip v i sng, chim 70% din tch ca tri t.

GVHD: V B Minh
Hnh 2: Cu to phn t nc
-Phn t nc bao gm hai nguyn t hydro v mt nguyn t oxy. V mt hnh hc th
phn t nc c gc lin kt l 104,45. Do cc cp in t t do chim nhiu ch nn gc ny
sai lch i so vi gc l tng ca hnh t din. Chiu di ca lin kt O-H l 96,84 picomet.
-Nc c tnh lng cc, lin kt gia cc phn t nc l lin kt hidro.
+Nhit si ca nc :100oC ( 760mmHg)
+Nhit nng chy : 0oC ( 760mmHg)
1.3 Hn hp Etanol Nc:
Ta c bng thnh phn lng (x) hi (y) v nhit si ca hn hp Etanol - Nc
760 mmHg:
x(%phn
mol)
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
y(%phn
mol)
t(oC)
33,2 44,2 53,1 57,6 61,4 65,4 69,9 75,3 81,8 89,8
100 90,5 86,5 83,2 81,7 80,8
80
79,4
79
100
78,6 78,4 78,4

GVHD: V B Minh

HeEtanol -Nc
y(%mol)
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
x(%mol)
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Hnh 3: th cn bng lng-hi h Etanol-Nc

2. Phng php v thit b chng ct:
2.1 . Phng php chng ct :
Chng ct l qua trnh phn tch hn hp lng (hoc kh lng) thnh cc cu t ring
bit da vo s khc nhau v bay hi ca chng (hay nhit si khc nhau cng p
sut), bng cch lp i lp li nhiu ln qu trnh bay hi - ngng t, trong vt cht i t
pha lng vo pha hi hoc ngc li. Khc vi c c, chng ct l qu trnh trong c
dung mi v cht tan u bay hi, cn c c l qu trnh trong ch c dung mi bay hi.
Khi chng ct ta thu c nhiu cu t v thng th bao nhiu cu t s thu c by
nhiu sn phm. Nu xt h n gin ch c 2 h cu t th ta thu c 2 sn phm: sn
phm nh ch yu gm cu t c bay hi ln (nhit si nh ), sn phm y ch yu
gm cu t c bay hi nh (nhit si ln) .i vi h Etanol - Nc sn phm nh
ch yu gm etanol v mt t nc , ngc li sn phm y ch yu gm nc v mt t
etanol.
Cc phng php chng ct: c phn loi theo:

GVHD: V B Minh
p sut lm vic: chng ct p sut thp, p sut thng v p sut cao. Nguyn tc
ca phng php ny l da vo nhit si ca cc cu t, nu nhit si ca cc
cu t qu cao th ta gim p sut lm vic gim nhit si ca cc cu t.
Nguyn l lm vic: lin tc, gin on(chng n gin) v lin tc.
Chng ct n gin(gin on): phng php ny uc s dng trong cc
trng hp sau:
+ Khi nhit si ca cc cu t khc xa nhau.
+ Khng i hi sn phm c tinh khit cao.
+ Tch hn hp lng ra khi tp cht khng bay hi.
+ Tch s b hn hp nhiu cu t.
Chng ct hn hp hai cu t (dng thit b hot ng lin tc) l qu trnh
c thc hin lin tc, nghch dng, nhiu on.
Phng php cp nhit y thp:

S dng hi nc cp nhit trc tip cho y thp: khi chng ct hn hp
nhp kiu thu c nc y thp chng ct, cu t cn li bay hi th
ta c th s dng hi nc cp nhit trc tip cho y thp.
S dng ni un cp nhit cho thp chng ct: ni un cho thp chng ct
l thit b trao i nhit c t y thp, cung cp nhit cho h thng.
C cc loi ni un cho thp chng ct:
-
Thit b trao i nhit loi hai v: dng cho thp chng ct nng sut
nh.
Thit b trao nhit dng m chm.
Ni un t ngoi. Cht ti nhit nng i trong ng, hi i vo thp cn

bng vi dng sn phm y, do ni un c xem lm mt mm l
thuyt. Dng cho thp chng ct nng sut cao.
Thit b trao i nhit t ng. Cht ti nhit i ngoi ng, bc hi

hon ton phn lng i vo ni un. Do , hi c cng thnh phn vi
dng sn phm y.
Thit b trao i nhit nhn dng lng t mm y v n ch bc hi

mt phn.
8

GVHD: V B Minh
Vy: i vi h Etanol Nc, ta chn phng php chng ct lin tc cp

nhit gin tip bng ni un t ngoi p sut thng.
2.2 . Thit b chng ct:
Trong sn xut thng s dng rt nhiu loi thp nhng chng u c mt yu cu c bn
l din tch b mt tip xc pha phi ln ,iu ny ph thuc vo phn tn ca lu cht ny
va lu cht kia .
Thp chng ct rt phong ph v kch c v ng dng ,cc thp ln nht thng c ng
dng trong cng nghip lc ho du. Kch thc ca thp : ng knh thp v chiu cao thp
tu thuc sut lng pha lng, pha kh ca thp v tinh khit ca sn phm. Ta kho st 2
loi thp chng ct thng dng l thp mm v thp chm.
Thp mm: thn thp hnh tr, thng ng pha trong c gn cc mm c cu to khc
nhau chia thn thp thnh nhng on bng nhau, trn mm pha lng v pha hi c
cho tip xc vi nhau. Ty theo cu to ca a, ta c:
Thp mm chp : trn mm b tr c chp dng:trn ,x bp ,ch s
Thp mm xuyn l: trn mm b tr cc l c ng knh (3-12) mm.
Thp chm(thp m): thp hnh tr, gm nhiu on ni vi nhau bng mt bch hay
hn. Vt chm c cho vo thp theo mt trong hai phng php: xp ngu nhin hay
xp th t.
So snh u v nhc im ca cc loi thp :
THP CHM
u im
- n gin.
- Tr lc thp.
Nhc im
- Hiu sut thp.

- n nh km.
- Thit b nng
THP MM XUYN
L
- Hiu sut tng i cao.
- Lm vic vi cht lng
bn.
- Tr lc kh cao.
THP MM
CHP
- Hiu sut cao.
- Cu to phc tp.
n ny s dng thp mm chp chng ct hn hp Etanol-Nc .

3. Cng ngh chng ct Etanol-Nc:
Etanol l mt cht lng tan v hn trong H2O, nhit si l 78,30C 760mmHg, nhit
si ca nc l 100oC 760mmHg : hi cch bit kh xa nn phng php hiu qu
thu etanol c tinh khit cao l phng php chng ct.
9

GVHD: V B Minh
Trong trng hp ny, ta khng th s dng phng php c c v cc cu t u c

kh nng bay hi, v khng s dng phng php trch ly cng nh phng php hp th do
c th lm cho qu trnh phc tp hn hay qu trnh tch khng c hon ton.
* S qui trnh cng ngh chng ct h Etanol nc:
Ch thch cc k hiu trong qui trnh:
1 . Bn cha nguyn liu.
2 . Thit b un si dng nhp liu.
3 . Thit b trao i nhit.
4 . Bay hi
5 . Thp chng ct.
6 . Ni un.
7. Thit b ngng t.
8 . B phn chnh dng.
9 . Thit b lm ngui.
10 . Bn cha sn phm nh.
* Thuyt minh qui trnh cng ngh:
Hn hp etanol nc c nng etanol 11,6% ( theo phn mol), nhit khong 280C
ti bn cha nguyn liu (1) c bm bm vo thit b trao i nhit (3) ( trao i nhit
vi sn phm y ). Sau , hn hp c un si n nhit si trong thit b un si (2),
ri a vo thp chng ct a nhp liu.
Trn a nhp liu, cht lng c trn vi phn lng t on ct ca thp chng ct (5)
chy xung. Trong thp hi, i t di ln gp cht lng t trn xung. y, c s tip
xc v trao i gia hai pha vi nhau. Pha lng chuyn ng trong phn chng cng xung
di cng gim nng cc cu t d bay hi v b pha hi to nn t ni un li cun
cu t d bay hi. Nhit cng ln trn cng thp, nn khi hi i qua cc a t di ln
th cu t c nhit si cao l nc s ngng t li, cui cng trn nh thp ta thu c
hn hp c cu t etanol chim nhiu nht (c nng 78,1% phn mol). Hi ny i vo
thit b ngng t (7) v c ngng t hon ton. B phn chnh dng (8) chia cht lng ny
10

GVHD: V B Minh
lm hai phn: mt phn cht lng ngng t i qua thit b lm ngui sn phm nh, c
lm ngui n 350C , ri c a qua bn cha sn phm nh (10); phn cn li ca cht
lng ngng t c hon lu v thp chng ct (5) a trn cng vi t s hon lu ti u.
Mt phn cu t ethanol c nhit si thp c bc hi, cn li cu t nc c nhit
si cao trong cht lng ngy cng tng. Cui cng, y thp ta thu c hn hp lng hu
ht l cc cu t kh bay hi (nc). Hn hp lng y c nng etanol l 0,1367%
phn mol, cn li l nc. Dung dch sn phm y i ra khi thp vo ni un (6) . Trong
ni un dung dch lng mt phn s bc hi cung cp li cho thp tip tc lm vic, phn
cn li ra khi ni un c trao i nhit vi dng nhp liu trong thit b trao i nhit
(3). Sn phm y sau khi trao i nhit vi nhp liu c nhit l 600C c thi b.
11

GVHD: V B Minh
CHNG II :TNH CN BNG VT CHT NNG LNG

1.
Tnh cn bng vt cht
1.1 Cc thng s ban u :

Nng sut sn phm nh: 1000 l/h = 1 m3
Nng ethanol nhp liu: 30% th tch.
Nng sn phm nh 92% th tch.
T l thu hi ru: 99%.
Ta c:
o Khi lng phn t ca ru v nc : MR =46 , MN =18 .
o Khi lng ring ca ethanol nguyn cht 250C: ethanol = 784,75 (kg/m3)
o Khi lng ring ca nc ct 250C: nc = 997,08 (kg/m3)
1.2. Tnh ton cc dng:
Tnh ton dng sn phm nh:
Nng ethanol sn phm nh : 92% theo th tch.
Trong 1 m3 hn hp ethanol nc nhp liu c 0,92 m3 ethanol + 0,08 m3 nc.
0,3 m3 ethanol nguyn cht c khi lng 721,97 kg.
0,7 m3 nc nguyn cht c khi lng 79,77 kg.
Trong 801,74 kg hn hp ethanol nc nhp liu c 721,97 kg ethanol +79,77 kg

nc.
Phn khi lng ethanol trong dng sn phm nh: =
= 0,901
Phn mol ethanol trong dng sn phm nh:
= 0,781
Khi lng ring trung bnh ca dng sn phm nh:

D = . ethanol + (1- ) . nc = 0,901 . 784,75 + (1 0,901) . 997,08
= 805,771 (kg/m3)
Sut lng sn phm nh: 1 m3 GD = 805,771 (kg/h)
12

GVHD: V B Minh

Khi lng phn t trung bnh dng sn phm nh:
MD =
= 39,861 (kg/kmol).
Sut lng sn phm nh tnh theo kmol/h:

D=
= 20,215 (kmol/h)
Tnh ton dng nhp liu:

Nng ethanol nhp liu : 30% theo th tch.
Trong 1 m3 hn hp ethanol nc nhp liu c 0,3 m3 ethanol + 0,7 m3 nc.
0,3 m3 ethanol nguyn cht c khi lng 235,425 kg.
0,7 m3 nc nguyn cht c khi lng 697,956 kg.
Trong 933,381 kg hn hp ethanol nc nhp liu c 235,425 kg ethanol + 697,956 kg

nc.
Phn khi lng ethanol trong dng nhp liu: =
= 0,252
Phn mol ethanol trong dng nhp liu:
= 0,116
Sut lng dng nhp liu
= 0,99 (T l thu hi sn phm nh)
GF =
= 2910,052 (kg/h)
Khi lng phn t trung bnh dng nhp liu:

MF =
= 21,261 (kg/kmol).
Sut lng dng nhp liu tnh tnh theo kmol/h:

F=
= 137,163 (kmol/h)
13

GVHD: V B Minh
Tnh ton dng sn phm y:

o Cn bng vt cht cho ton thp :
GF = GD + GW
(II.1)
o Cn bng cu t etanol (cu t nh) : GF. = GD. + GW. (II.2)

GW = 2104,281 kg/h
= 3,485 .
Phn mol dng sn phm y:
= 1,367 .
Khi lng phn t trung bnh dng sn phm y:

MW =
= 18,038 (kg/kmol).
Sut lng dng nhp liu tnh tnh theo kmol/h:

W=
= 116,658 (kmol/h)
Phn
th tch
Phn
khi lng
Phn mol
0,30
0,252
0,116
137,163 2910,025 21,261
0,92
0,901
0,781
20,215
Thng
l/h
kmol/h
kg/h
Mtb
Dng
F
1000
D
W
3,485 .
1,367 .
805,771
39,86
116,658 2104,281 18,038
Chn :
Nhit nhp liu trc gia nhit: tF =28oC
Nhit sn phm nh sau khi lm ngui : tD =35oC .
Nhit sn phm y sau khi trao i nhit : tW = 60oC .
Trng thi nhp liu l trng thi lng si .
Nhit nhp liu : tF = 86oC .
14

GVHD: V B Minh
1.3 T s hon lu:

1.3.1 T s hon lu ti thiu:
T s hon lu ti thiu l ch lm vic m ti ng vi s mm l thuyt l v cc.
Do ,chi ph c nh l v cc nhng chi ph iu hnh (nhin liu ,nc v bm) l ti
thiu .
Do th cn bng ca h Etanol-Nc c im un ,nn xc nh t s hon lu ti
thiu bng cch :
+Trn th cn bng y-x ,t im (0,781;0,781) ta k mt ng thng tip tuyn vi
ng cn bng ti im un , ct trc Oy ti im c yo = 0,43.
+Theo phng trnh ng lm vic on ct , khi xo = 0 th
yo =
xD
= 0,43
Rmin 1
Vy : t s hon lu ti thiu : Rmin = 0,82

1.3.2 T s hon lu thc:
Cng thc 6.12 trang 255 [2]
R = 1,3 . Rmin + 0,3 = 1,3 . 0,82 + 0,3 = 1,366
1.4 Phng trnh ng lm vic. Xc nh s mm.
1.4.1 Phng trnh ng nng lm vic ca on ct :
y=
R
x
1,366
0,781
.x D =
.x
R 1
R 1
1,366 1
1,366 1
y = 0,577.x + 0,33
1.4.2. Xc nh s mm l thuyt v s mm thc t:
th xc nh s mm l thuyt : Nlt = 15 mm
S mm thc t tnh theo hiu sut trung bnh :
N tt
N lt
tb
trong : tb : hiu sut trung bnh ca a, l mt hm s ca bay hi tng i v

nht ca hn hp lng : = f(,).
Ntt : s mm thc t.
15

GVHD: V B Minh

Nlt : s mm l thuyt.
Xc nh hiu sut trung bnh ca thp tb :
+ bay tng i ca cu t d bay hi :
y* 1 x
1 y* x
Vi : x :phn mol ca ru trong pha lng .

y* : phn mol ca ru trong pha hi cn bng vi pha lng.
* Ti v tr nhp liu :
xF = 0,116 ta tra th cn bng ca h : y*F = 0,46
tF = 86 oC
y* F 1 x F
0,46 1 0,116
.
.
= 6,492
*
1 y F xF
1 0,46 0,116
T x F 0,252 v tF = 86 oC, tra ti liu tham kho [4(tp 1) trang 107] :

F = 200 . 10-6 . 9,81 = 1,962 . 10-3 = 1,962 (cP)
Suy ra : F
F = 6,492 . 1,962 = 12,737
Tra hnh IX.11- trang 171 [4(tp 2)]: F = 0,3

* Ti v tr mm y:
xW = 0,001367 ta tra th cn bng ca h : y*W = 0,01
tW = 100 oC
y*W 1 x W
0,01 1 0,001367
.
= 7,379
*
1 y W xW
1 0,01 0,001367
+ T xW 0,003485 v tW = 100 oC, tra ti liu tham kho [4(tp 1) trang

107]:
W = 29 . 10-6 . 9,81 = 2,845 . 10-4 = 0,2845 (cP)
Suy ra : W
W = 7,379 . 0,2845 = 2,099
Tra hnh IX.11- trang 171 [4(tp 2)]: W = 0,41

*Ti v tr mm nh :
xD = 0,781 ta tra th cn bng ca h : y*D = 0,8
tD = 79 oC
16

GVHD: V B Minh

+ D
y* D 1 x D
0,8 1 0,781
.
.
= 1,122
*
1 y D xD
1 0,8 0,781
+ T x D 0,901 v tD = 79 oC, tra ti liu tham kho [4(tp 1) trang 107] :

D = 58.10-6.9,81= 0,569.10-3 (N.s/m2)
= 0,569 (cP)
Suy ra : D
D = 1,049.0,569 = 0,5969
Tra hnh IX.11- trang 171 [4(tp 2)] : D = 0,55

Suy ra: hiu sut trung bnh ca thp :
tb =
F W D
3
0,3 0,41 0,55

0,42
3
S mm thc t ca thp Ntt :

N tt
15
= 35,71 mm
0,42
Vy chn Ntt = 36 mm , gm :
22 mm ct
14 mm chng . Nhp liu mm s 14.
2. Tnh cn bng nng lng:
Cn bng nhit lng cho ton thp chng ct:
QF + Q = Qnt + QW + QD + Qm
(IV.1)
Trong :
Qnt : nhit lng ngng t do hi sn phm nh ngng t thnh lng. Chn hi sn
phm nh ngng t hon ton thnh lng.
Qnt = GD . (R+1) . rD
(kJ/h).
Xc nh rD (n nhit ho hi ca sn phm nh):

Tra ([7] trang 38) tD = 79 ta c:
n nhit ho hi ca nc: rN = 2316,245 (kJ/kg).
n nhit ho hi ca ru: rR = 848,075 (kJ/kg).
Suy ra: rD = rR . x D + rN . (1- x D ) = 848,075. 0,901 + 2316,245. (1-0,901)
= 993,424 (kJ/kg).
17

GVHD: V B Minh

Qnt = GD . (R+1) . rD
= 805,771 . (1,366 + 1) . 993,424
= 1893917,343 (kJ/h).
QF : nhit lng do hn hp ru nhp liu mang vo thp.

QF = GF . HF =GF . cF . (tF to )
(kJ/h).
Chn nhit chun: to = 20oC.
t F to 86 20
o
53 C , tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)],

2
2
Nhit dung ring ca ru: cR = 2879 (J/kg.).

Nhit dung ring ca nc: cN = 4183,414 (J/kg.).
Suy ra: cF = x F . cR + (1- x F ) . cN
= 0,252 . 2879 + (1-0,252) . 4183,414 = 3854,702 (J/kg.).
QF = GF . HF = GF . cF . (tF to )
= 2910,025 . 3854,702 . (86 - 20) = 740340426 (J/h)
= 740340,426 (kJ/h)
QW : nhit lng do sn phm y mang ra t ni un.
QW = GW . HW = GW . cW . (tW to )
(kJ/h).
= 60oC , tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)trang 172+165]
Nhit dung ring ca ru: cR = 2760 (J/kg.).

Suy ra: cW = xW . cR + (1- xW ) . cN
= 0,003485 . 2760 + (1 - 0,003485) . 4186,093
= 4181,957 (J/kg.).
QW = GW . HW = GW . cW . (tW to )
= 2104,281 . 4181,957 . (100 - 20) = 704001012 (J/h)
= 704001,012 (kJ/h)
18

GVHD: V B Minh
QD : nhit lng do sn phm nh mang ra t b phn tch hon lu.

QD = GD . HD = GD . cD . (tD to )
(kJ/h).
t D to 79 20
o
49,5 C,tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)trang 172+165]

2
2
Nhit dung ring ca ru: cR = 2833,5 (J/kg.).

Suy ra: cD = x D . cR +(1- x D ) . cN
= 0,901 . 2833,5+(1 - 0,901). 4182,263 = 2967,064 (J/kg.).
QD = GD . HD = GD . cD . (tD to )
= 805,771 . 2967,064 . (79 - 20) = 141055674 (J/h)
= 141055,674 (kJ/h)
Qm : Nhit lng tn tht ra mi trng xung quanh.
Chn: Qm = 0,05.Q
Q : Nhit lng cn cung cp cho ni un y thp:
QF + Q = Qnt + QW + QD + Qm
Q =
=
(IV.1)
1
.( Qnt + QW + QD QF )
0,95
1
(1893917,343 + 704001,012 + 141055,674 - 740340,426)
0,95
= 2103824,846 (kJ/h) = 584,396 (kW).
19

GVHD: V B Minh
CHNG III :TNH
TON THIT K THP CHNG CT .
1. ng knh thp (Dt)
Dt
4Vtb
g tb
0,0188
.3600. tb
( y . y ) tb
(m)
Vtb :lng hi trung bnh i trong thp (m3/h).

tb :tc hi trung bnh i trong thp (m/s).
gtb : lng hi trung bnh i trong thp (Kg/h).
Lng hi trung bnh i trong on chng v on ct khc nhau.Do , ng knh
on chng v on ct cng khc nhau .
1.1
ng knh on ct :
1.1.1 Lng hi trung bnh i trong thp :

g tb
g d g1
(Kg/h)
2
gd : lng hi ra khi a trn cng ca thp (Kg/h).

g1 : lng hi i vo a di cng ca on ct (Kg/h).
Xc nh gd : gd = D . (R+1) = 20,215 . (1,366+1) = 46,804 (kmol/h)
xD = 0,781
Tra th ng cn bng lng hi
yD = 0,805
=
MhiD =
= 0,913
= 40,517 (kg/kmol)
gd = 46,804 (kmol/h) = 1896,358 (kg/h)
20

GVHD: V B Minh

Xc nh g1 : T h phng trnh :
g1 = G1 + GD
g1 . = G1 . + GD .
(III.1)
g1 . r1 = gd . rd
Vi : G1 : lng lng a th nht ca on ct .
r1 : n nhit ho hi ca hn hp hi i vo a th nht ca on ct
rd : n nhit ho hi ca hn hp hi i ra nh thp .
* Tnh r1 : t1 = tF = 86oC , tra bng 45 [7]-trang 38
n nhit ho hi ca nc : rN1 = 2293,61 (kJ/kg)
n nhit ho hi ca ru : rR1 = 836,35 (kJ/kg)
r1 = rR1 . + (1-) . rN1 = 836,35 . + (1-) . 2293,61
= 2293,61 1457,26 . (kJ/kg)
* Tnh rd : tD = 79oC , tra bng 45 [7]-trang 38
n nhit ho hi ca nc : rNd = 2311,215 (kJ/kg) .
n nhit ho hi ca ru : rRd = 848,075 (kJ/kg) .
rd = rRd . + (1 - ) . rNd = 848,075 . 0,913 + (1- 0,913) . 2311,215
= 975,368 (kJ/kg)
* Ta coi: = = 0,252
Gii h (III.1) , ta c :
G1 = 1661,515 (kg/h)
= 0,81 (phn khi lng etanol)
= 0,625 (phn mol ethanol)
g1 = 2467,286 (kg/h)
g tb
=
g d g1
2
1896,358 2467,286
2181,822 (kg/h)
2
21

GVHD: V B Minh

1.1.2 Tc hi trung bnh i trong thp :
( y.y )tb = 0,065 .
(kg/m2.s) - Cng thc IX.105 trang 184 [4]
ytb : Khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi
ytb
ytb .46 1 ytb .18 .273

22 ,4.t tb 273
Vi: + Nng phn mol trung bnh pha hi : ytb =

+ Nhit trung bnh on ct : ttb =
t F t D 86 79
=
= 82,5oC
2
2
ytb .46 1 ytb .18 .273 =

22 ,4.t tb 273
ytb
y1 y D 0,625 0,805
=
= 0,715
2
2
)
(
= 1,303 (kg/m3).
xtb : Khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha lng
+ Nng phn khi lng trung bnh pha lng:
=
= 0,5765
t F t D 86 79
=
= 82,5oC
2
2
Tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)-trang 9]

Khi lng ring ca nc : N = 970,25 (kg/m3)
Khi lng ring ca ru : R = 732,625 (kg/m3)
x
1 xtb
xtb = tb
N
R
=(
= 817,406 (kg/m3)
: H s tnh n sc cng b mt
-Khi
< 20 dyn/cm th
= 0,8
-Khi
> 20 dyn/cm th
=1
Trong ,
c tnh theo cng thc I.76 trang 299 [4]- tp 1 :
22

GVHD: V B Minh
r, n : Sc cng b mt ca ethanol v nc nhit lm vic (dyn/cm)

ttb = 82,50C , tra bng I.242 trang 300 [4]- tp 1
+ Sc cng b mt ca nc : N = 60,925 (dyn/cm).
+ Sc cng b mt ca ru : R = 16,85 (dyn/cm).
=13,119 dyn/cm < 20 dyn/cm

= 0,8
h : khong cch mm ( m ), chn h = 0,3 m

( y.y )tb = 0,065 .
= 0,065 . 0,8 .
= 0,93 (kg/m2.s)
y = 0,93/ 1,303 = 0,714 (m/s)
ng knh on ct :
Dct = 0,0188 .
2181 ,822
= 0,911 (m).
0.93
ng knh on chng :
1.2
1.2.1 Lng hi trung bnh i trong thp :
g , tb
g , n g ,1
(kg/h)
2
gn : lng hi ra khi on chng (kg/h).

g1 : lng hi i vo on chng (kg/h).
Xc nh gn : gn = g1 = 2467,286 (kg/h)
Xc nh g1 : T h phng trnh :
G '1 g '1 W
'
'
G 1 .x'1 g 1 . yW W .xW
g ' .r ' g ' .r ' g .r
n
n
1 1
1 1
(III.2)
Vi : G1 : lng lng a th nht ca on chng .

r1 : n nhit ho hi ca hn hp hi i vo a th nht ca on chng.
23

GVHD: V B Minh
* Tnh r1 : xW =0,001367 tra th cn bng ca h ta c :

yW =0,01 =
= 0,0252
t1 = tW = 100oC , tra bng 45 [7]-trang 38

n nhit ho hi ca nc : rN1 = 2258 (kJ/kg) .
n nhit ho hi ca ru : rR1 = 812,9 (kJ/kg) .
r1 = rR1 . + (1 - ) . rN1 = 812,9. 0,0252+ (1 0,0252) . 2258
= 2221,583 (kJ/kg)
* Tnh r1: r1 = 2293,61 1457,26 . = 2293,61 1457,26 . 0,81
= 1118,089 (kJ/kg)
* GW = 2104,281 (kg/h)
Gii h (III.2) , ta c :
= 0,0107 (phn khi lng ethanol)
= 0,00421 (phn mol ethanol)
G1 = 3346,029 (kg/h)
g1 = 1241,748 (kg/h)
g , tb
g , n g ,1
2467,286 1241,748
=
2
2
1854,517 (kg/h)
1.2.2 Tc hi trung bnh i trong thp :

Xc nh 'xtb, 'ytb:
'xtb : khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha lng (Kg/m3) .
'ytb : khi lng ring trung bnh ca pha hi (Kg/m3) .
Xc nh ytb :
' ytb
y 'tb .46 1 y 'tb .18 .273

22 ,4.t ' tb 273
24

GVHD: V B Minh

Vi: + Nng phn mol trung bnh : ytb =
y1 yW 0,625 0,02
=
=0,323
2
2
+ Nhit trung bnh on chng : ttb =

' ytb
y 'tb .46 1 y 'tb .18 .273

22 ,4.t ' tb 273
t F tW 86 100
=
= 93oC
2
2
)
(
= 0,901 (kg/m3).
Xc nh xtb :
+ Nng phn mol trung bnh pha lng : =
0,252 0,003485
= 0,128
2
t F tW 86 100
=
= 93oC
2
2
Tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)-trang 9], ta c :

Khi lng ring ca nc : N = 962,9(kg/m3)
Khi lng ring ca ru : R = 722,65(kg/m3)
x'
1 x'tb
xtb = tb
'N
'R
=(
= 923,597 (kg/m3)
: H s tnh n sc cng b mt
-Khi
< 20 dyn/cm th
= 0,8
-Khi
> 20 dyn/cm th
=1
Trong ,
c tnh theo cng thc I.76 trang 299 [4]- tp 1 :
ttb = 930C , tra bng I.242 trang 300 [4]- tp 1

+ Sc cng b mt ca nc : N = 57,7 (dyn/cm).
+ Sc cng b mt ca ru : R = 14,87 (dyn/cm).
= 11,823 (dyn/cm) < 20 (dyn/cm)

= 0,8
h : khong cch mm ( m ), chn h = 0,3 m

25

( y.y )tb = 0,065 .

GVHD: V B Minh
= 0,065 . 0,8 .
= 0,822 (kg/m2.s)
y = 0,773/0,772 = 1,00 (m/s)
ng knh on ct :
Dchng= 0,0188.
1854,517
= 0,893 (m).
0,822
Kt lun : hai ng knh on ct v on chng khng chnh lch nhau qu ln nn

ta chn ng knh ca ton thp l : Dt = 1 (m).
Khi tc lm vic thc :
+ Phn ct : lv =
0,01882.g tb
Dt . ytb
+ Phn chng : lv =
0,01882.2181,822
= 0,592 (m/s).
12.1,303
0,01882.g 'tb
Dt . ' ytb
2
0,01882.1854,517
0,727 (m/s).
12.0,901
2. Chiu cao thp :
Chiu cao thp c xc nh theo cng thc sau :

H = Ntt . ( H + ) + ( 0,8 1,0 ) ( m )
Vi Ntt : s a thc t 36
: chiu dy ca mm, chn = 4 ( mm ) = 0.004 ( m )
H : khong cch gia cc mm ( m ) , chn theo bng IX.4a- [4]-tp 2i,
H = 0.3 ( m )
( 0,8 1,0 ) : khong cch cho php nh v y thp 0,9
H = 36 . ( 0,3 + 0, 004 ) + 0,9 = 11,844 ( m )

3.
Tnh ton chp v ng chy chuyn [4] - tp 2, trang 236
Chn ng knh ng hi dh = 50 ( mm ) = 0.05 ( m )
S chp phn b trn a:

n = 0.1 .
D2
12
=
0.1
.
= 40 ( chp )
0.05 2
d h2
26

GVHD: V B Minh

( D : ng knh trong ca thp )
Chiu cao chp pha trn ng dn hi :

h2 = 0,25 . dh = 0,25 . 0,05 = 0.0125 (m)
ng knh chp:
d h2 (d h 2 * ch ) 2
dch =
ch : chiu dy chp, chn bng 2 (mm)

dch =
502 (50 2.2) 2 = 73,6 (mm)
Chn dch = 80 (mm)
Khong cch t mt a n chn chp :

S = 0 25 ( mm )
Chn S = 12,5 (mm)
Chiu cao mc cht lng trn khe chp :

h1 = 15 40 (mm)
Chn h1 = 30 (mm)
Tit din thp :

F = . D2/4 =
= 0,785 ( m2 )
Chiu cao khe chp :

b=
: h s tr lc ca a chp = 1,5 2 Chn = 2
y =
Vy : lu lng hi i trong thp
Vy =
y =
= 2065,709 (m3/h)
= 7,306 (m/s)
27

GVHD: V B Minh
b=
= 870,502 (kg/m3)
= 1,102 (kg/m3)
= 0,014 (m) = 14 (mm)
Chn b = 20 ( mm )
S lng khe h ca mi chp:
d h2
. ( dch
)
4 .b
i=
c = 3 4 mm ( khong cch gia cc khe )

Chn c = 4 ( mm )
dch : ng knh chp = 80 (mm)
dh : ng knh ng hi = 50 (mm)
i=
. ( dch
d h2
)=
4 .b
= 38,288 (khe)
Chn i = 39 khe
ng knh ng chy chuyn:

dc =
4Gx
.3600.z. x .C
Gx : lu lng lng trung bnh i trong thp (kg/h)

Gx =
= 2503,772 (kg/h)
z : s ng chy chuyn
Chn z =1
x : khi lng ring trung bnh ca lng (kg/m3)
x =
= 870,502 (kg/m3)
c : tc cht lng trong ng chy chuyn (m/s)

Chn c = 0,2 (m/s)
28

GVHD: V B Minh
dc =
4Gx
=
.3600.z. x .C
= 0,0717 (m)
Khong cch t da n chn ng chy chuyn:

S1 = 0,25 . dc = 0,25 . 0,0717 = 0,179 (m)
Chiu cao ng chy chuyn trn a:

hc = (h1 + b + S) h
h1 : Chiu cao mc cht lng trn khe chp = 30 (mm)
b : Chiu cao khe chp = 20 (mm)
S : Khong cch t mt a n chn chp = 12,5 (mm)
h : Chiu cao mc cht lng bn trn ng chy chuyn
h = (
V : Th tch cht lng chy qua (m3/h)

V=
+ Lu lng lng trong phn ct ca thp:
t
QL =
Mtb-ct = (
=(
QL =
= 27,731 (kg/kmol)
= 0,000251 (m3/s)
+ Lu lng lng trong phn chng ca thp

QL=(
Mtb-chng= (
QL=(
=(
)
)
=(
= 19,521 (kg/kmol)
)
29

GVHD: V B Minh
= 0,00096 (m3/s)
V=
= 0,000601 (m3/s) = 21,636 (m3/h)
dc : ng knh ng chy chuyn = 0,0717 (m)

) = (
h = (
= 0,0144 (m) = 1,44 . 10-5 (mm)

hc = (h1 + b + S) h
= (30 + 20 + 12,5) 1,44 . 10-5
= 62,5 (mm)
Bc ti thiu ca chp trn da :

tmin = dch + 2 . ch + l2
l2 : khang cch nh nht gia cc chp
l2 = 12,5 + 0,25 . dch = 12,5 + 0,25 . 80 = 32,5 (mm)
Chn l2 = 35 (mm)
tmin = 73,6 + 2 . 2 + 35 = 112,6 (mm)
Chiu rng khe chp : a = 2 : 7 mm ; chn a = 4 ( mm )
Khong cch t tm ng chy chuyn n tm chp gn nht:

t1 =
dc : ng knh ng chy chuyn = 0,0717 (m)
: B dy ng chy chuyn, thng ly 2 4 mm

Chn
= 3 (mm) = 0,003 (m)
dch : ng knh chp = 80 (mm) = 0,08 (m)

l1 : Khong cch nh nht gia chp v ng chy chuyn
Chn l1 = 75 (mm) = 0,75 (m)
t1 =
= 0,154 (m) = 154 (m)
30
4.
4.1

GVHD: V B Minh
Tnh tr lc thp
Tng tr lc phn ct :
Tng tr lc qua mt da :
P = Pk + Ps +Pt
4.1.1 Tr lc a kh Pk :
Pk =
( N/m2)
: h s tr lc a kh, = 4.5 5 , chn = 5

y = 1,303 (kg/m3)
o : vn tc hi qua rnh chp ( m/s )
o =
V y'
n.i.a.b
Vy : lu lng pha hi trung bnh i trong phn ct

Vy =
0 =
Pk =
= 1674,46 (m3/h) = 0,465 (m3/s)
0,465
= 4,383 (m/s)
34 .39 .0,004 .0,02
= 62,579 (N/m2)
4.1.2 Tr lc do sc cng b mt :
Ps =
4.
d td
: sc cng b mt trung bnh ca hn hp

tx = 82,5OC
hh = 13,119 . 10-3 (N/m)
dtd : ng knh tng ng ca khe rnh :
dtd =
4.a.b
4. f x
=
2.( a b)
H
fx : din tch tit din t do ca rnh

31

GVHD: V B Minh
H : chu vi rnh
dtd = 4.4.20 / 2(4+20) = 6,67 ( mm ) = 6,67.10-3 (m)

Ps =
4.
=
d td
= 7,867 ( N/m2)
4.1.3 Tr lc ca lp cht lng trn a ( Tr lc thy tnh Pt )
Pt = b . g . (hb -
) (N/m2)
b : khi lng ring ca bt, thng b = ( 0,4 0,6 ). x

Chn b = 0,5 . x = 0,5 . 817,406 (kg/m3) = 408,703 (kg/m3)
hr : Chiu cao ca khe chp (m), hr = b = 20 (mm) = 0,02 (m)
hb : chiu cao lp bt trn a (m) Cng thc IX.110 [4]- tp 2 trang 185
hb =
(hc h hx ).( F f ). x hx . b . f (hch hx ). f . b

F . b
hc : Chiu cao on ng chy chuyn nh ln trn a

hc = 61,967 (mm) = 0,061967 (m)
hx : Chiu cao lp cht lng ( khng ln bt ) trn a
hx = S + 0,5 . b = 0.0125 + 0,5 . 0,02 = 0,0225 (m) = 22,5 (mm)
F : Phn din tch b mt a c gn chp ( ngha l tr hai phn din tch a
b tr ng chy chuyn - Sd , vi Sd = 0,04 . F)
Fo = F 2 . Sd = 0,92 . F = 0,92 . 0,785 = 0,722 (m2)
f : Tng din tch cc chp trn a
f = 0.785 . dch2 . n
= 0,785 . (0,08)2 . 40 = 0,201 (m2)
Vi n = 36 l s chp trn a
hch : Chiu cao ca chp
hch = hc + h = 0,061967 + 1,44 . 10-5 = 0,06198 (m)
hb =
(
(hc h hx ).( F f ). x hx . b . f (hch hx ). f . b

F . b
) (
32

GVHD: V B Minh
= 0,0742 (m) = 74,2 (mm)

Pt = b . g . (hb -
= 435,251 . 9,81 . (0,0742
= 274,121 (N/m2)
Tng tr lc qua mt a :
P = Pk + Ps +Pt
= 62,579 + 7,867 + 274,121 = 344,567 (N/m2)
Tng tr lc phn ct:
Pct = Ntt.ct . P.ct = 29 . 344,567
= 9992,443 (N/m2)
4.2
Tng tr lc phn chng :

P = Pk + Ps +Pt
4.2.1 Tr lc a kh Pk :
Pk =
( N/m2)
: h s tr lc a kh, = 4.5 5 , chn = 5

ytb= 0,901 (kg/m3)
o : vn tc hi qua rnh chp ( m/s )
o =
V y'
n.i.a.b
Vy : lu lng pha hi trung bnh i trong phn chng

Vy =
0 =
Pk =
= 2058,287 (kg/h) = 0,572 (m3/s)
0,572
= 5,392 (m/s)
34 .39 .0,004 .0,02
= 65,488 (N/m2)
33

GVHD: V B Minh
4.2.2 Tr lc do sc cng b mt :
Ps =
4.
d td
: sc cng b mt trung bnh ca hn hp

tx = 930C
hh = 11,823 . 10-3 (N/m)
dtd : ng knh tng ng ca khe rnh :
dtd =
4.a.b
4. f x
=
2.( a b)
H
fx : din tch tit din t do ca rnh
H : chu vi rnh
dtd = 6,67.10-3 (m)

Ps =
4.
=
d td
= 7,09 (N/m2)
4.2.3 Tr lc ca lp cht lng trn a ( Tr lc thy tnh Pt )
Pt = b . g . (hb -
) (N/m2)
b : Khi lng ring ca bt, thng b = ( 0,4 0,6 ). x

Chn b = 0,5 . x = 0,5 . 923,597 (kg/m3) = 461,799 (kg/m3)
hr : Chiu cao ca khe chp (m), hr = b = 20 (mm) = 0,02 (m)
hb : chiu cao lp bt trn a (m)
hb = 0,0742 (m) = 74,2 (mm)
Pt = b . g . (hb -
= 461,799 . 9,81 . (0,0742
= 290,836 (N/m2)
P = Pk + Ps +Pt
= 65,488 + 7,09 + 290,836 = 363,414 (N/m2)
34

GVHD: V B Minh
Tng tr lc phn chng :

Pchng = Ntt.chng . P.chng = 7 . 363,414 = 2543,898 (N/m2)
Tng tr lc ca thp P :
P = Pct + Pchng
= 9992,443 + 2543,898 = 12536,671 (N/m2)
35

GVHD: V B Minh

CHNG IV
TNH TON C KH CA THP

1 . B dy thn thp :
V thp chng ct hot ng p sut thng nn ta thit k thn hnh tr bng phng
php hn gip mi (phng php h quang ). Thn thp c ghp vi nhau bng cc mi
ghp bch.
m bo cht lng ca sn phm v kh nng n mn ca etylic i vi thit b, ta
chn vt liu ch to thn thp l thp khng g m X18H10T.
p sut tnh ton :
Thp lm vic p sut kh quyn, nn ta chn p sut tnh ton :
Ptt =Ph+Pcl + P
, (N/m2)
Ph : p sut hi trong thp = 1at = 9,81.104 (N/m2)

Pcl : p sut thy tnh do cht lng y (N/m2).
Pcl = x . g. Ht =. g . Ht
x : Khi lng ring ca pha lng

x =
xtb ' xtb

2
= 870,502 (kg/m3)
Ht : Chiu cao thp chng ct (m) Ht = 11,884 (m)
Pcl = x . g. Ht = 870,502 . 9,81 . 11,884 = 101484,899 (N/m2)

P: Tng tr lc ca thp (N/m2) P = 12536,671 (N/m2)
Ptt =Ph+Pcl + P = 9,81.104 + 101484,89 + 12536,671
= 212121,561 (N/m2) = 0,212 (N/mm2)
Nhit tnh ton :
Chn nhit tnh ton : ttt = ty = 100oC .
Tra ti liu tham kho [5], ng sut tiu chun i vi thp X18H10T
[]* = 142 (N/mm2).
i vi ru h s hiu chnh : = 1
Vy : ng sut cho php : [] = .[]* = 142 (N/mm2).
36

GVHD: V B Minh

Xc nh b dy thn chu p sut trong :
B dy thc ca thn : St = St + C
(mm).
Ta chn phng php ch to thn l phng php hn h quang in nn h s

bn mi hn : h = 0,95
Xt t s :
.
Ptt
142.106
.0,95 = 669,427 > 25,do , b dy tnh ton

212121,561
ca thn c tnh theo cng thc (5-3) - [5] trang 96

S 't
Dt .Ptt
1. 212121,561
= 7,86 . 10-4 = 0,786 (mm)

2. . h
2.142 .10 6.0,95
Trong : C :h s b sung b dy, C = Ca + Cb + Cc + Co

+ Ca : h s b sung do n mn ho hc, ph thuc vo tc n mn ca cht
lng. Chn tc n mn ca ru l 0,1 (mm/nm),thit b hot ng trong
20 nm, do Ca = 2 mm.
+ Cb : h s b sung do bo mn c hc, chn Cb = 0.
+ Cc : h s b sung do sai lch khi ch to, chn Cc = 0.
+ Co : h s b sung qui trn, chn Co =0,4 (mm).
C = 2 + 0 + 0 + 0,4 = 2,4 (mm).
St = St + C
= 0,786 + 2,4 3,186 (mm)
Kim tra cng thc tnh ton vi St = 3,186 (mm) :
S t C a 3,186 2
= 0,0012 < 0,1

Dt
1000
Kim tra p sut tnh ton cho php :
Ptt 2. . h .S t Ca 2.142 .0,95 .3,186 2 = 0,32 > Ptt= 0,212

Dt S t C a
1000 3,186 2
(N/mm2)
Tha
Vy : B dy thc ca thn l St = 4 (mm).
37

GVHD: V B Minh
2 . y v np thit b :
Chn y v np c dng l ellipise tiu chun, c g bng thp X18H10T.
Cc kch thc ca y v np ellipise tiu chun, c g ( [4]-tp2- trang 382)

+ ng knh trong: Dt = 1000 (mm).
+ Chiu cao phn li ca y : hb = 250 (mm)
+ Chiu cao g: hg = h = 25 (mm). (Bng XIII.11- [4]-tp2- trang384)
+ Th tch y : V = 151 . 10-3 (m3)
+ Din tch b mt trong ca y : Fy = 1,16 (m2)
Chiu dy S ca y v np lm vic chu p sut trong:
S=
+ C (vi k =1 do y khng c l)
+ 0,0024
= 0,0032 (m) = 3,2 (mm)

Chn b dy ca y v np l S = Sn = 4 (mm)
3 . Bch ghp thn, y v np :
Mt bch l b phn quan trng dng ni cc phn ca thit b cng nh ni cc b
phn khc vi thit b. Cc loi mt bch thng s dng:
+ Bch lin: l b phn ni lin vi thit b (hn, c v rn). Loi bch ny ch yu
dng thit b lm vic vi p sut thp v p sut trung bnh.
+ Bch t do: ch yu dng ni ng dn lm vic nhit cao, ni cc b bng
kim loi mu v hp kim ca chng, c bit l khi cn lm mt bch bng vt liu bn hn
thit b.
+ Bch ren: ch yu dng cho thit b lm vic p sut cao.
38

GVHD: V B Minh
Chn bch c ghp thn, y v np lm bng thp CT3, cu to ca bch l bch lin
khng c.
Bng XIII.27 [4] (tp 2)- trang 420, ng vi Dt = 1000 (mm) v p sut tnh ton Ptt =
0,212 (N/mm2) ta chn bch c cc thng s sau :
Kch thc ni
Ptt
Dt
Db
(N/mm2)
0,3
D1
Bu lng
D0
db
(mm)
1000
1140
1090
1060
Z
(Ci)
1013
22
M20
28
Bng IX.5 [4] (tp 2)- trang 170, chn s mm gia hai mt bch l 6 mm, ng vi
ng knh trong ca thp Dt =1000m v khong cch gia hai a H = 300mm.Vy, s
bch ghp thn-y-np l 7 bch.
kn ca mi ghp bch ch yu do vt m quyt nh. m lm bng cc vt liu
mm hn so vi vt liu bch. Khi xit bu lng, m b bin dng v in y ln cc ch g
gh trn b mt ca bch. Vy, m bo kn cho thit b ta chn m l Paronit, c b
dy l 3(mm).
39

GVHD: V B Minh

4 . ng knh cc ng dn Bch ghp cc ng dn :
Bch c lm bng thp CT3, cu to ca bch l bch lin khng c.
4.1 ng dn dng nhp liu :

Sut lng nhp liu: GF = 2910,025 (kg/h).
Dng lng nhp liu
tF = 86oC v xF 25 ,2%
tF = 86oC tra bng 1.2 [4] tp 1 trang 9
x
1 xtb
xtb = tb
N
R
=(
= 894,115 (kg/h)
Lu lng cht lng nhp liu i vo thp: QF
GF
= 3,255 (m3/h).
Chn vn tc cht lng nhp liu (t chy t bn cao v vo mm nhp liu): vF = 0,2
(m/s).
ng knh ng nhp liu: dF =
4.QF
4.3,255
0,0759 (m).
3600. .vF
3600. .0,2
Chn ng knh ng nhp liu: dF = 0,08 (m).

40

GVHD: V B Minh
Bng XIII.27 [4] (tp 2)- trang 409 ng vi Dt = 1000 (mm) v p sut tnh ton Ptt =
0,212 (N/mm2)
Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn nhp liu:
ng
Ptt
Dy
Dn
Kch thc ni
D
Db
(N/mm2)
0,25
Bu lng
h
D1
db
(mm)
80
89
185
150
(Ci)
128
14
M16
4.2 ng hi nh thp:
Sut lng hi nh thp: gd = GD . (R+1) = 805,771.(1,3153+1) = 1865,602 (kg/h).
Khi lng ring ca hi nh thp c tnh theo cng thc (xc nh
tD = 79oC v yD = 0,805):
46 . y D 1 y D .18 .273
22 ,4.t D 273
)
(
= 1,404 (kg/m3).
Lu lng hi ra khi thp: Qh
gd
= 1328,776 (m3/h).
Chn vn tc hi nh thp: vh = 30 (m/s).

ng knh ng dn hi: dh =
4.Qh
4.1328,776
0,125 (m).
3600. .vh
3600. .30
Chn ng knh ng dn hi: dh = 0,15 (m).

Bng XIII.27 [4] (tp 2)- trang 409 ng vi Dt = 1000 (mm) v p sut tnh ton Ptt = 0,212
(N/mm2)
Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng hi nh thp:
ng
Ptt
Dy
Dn
Kch thc ni
D
(N/mm2)
0,25
Db
Bu lng
D1
db
(mm)
150
156
260
225
Z
(Ci)
16
10
M16
41

GVHD: V B Minh

4.3 ng dn dng hon lu:
Sut lng hon lu: Ghl = GD . R = 805,771 . 8,7604 = 7058,876 (kg/h).

Dng lng hon lu
tF = 79oC v xD 90 ,1%
tF = 79oC tra bng 1.2 [4] tp 1 trang 9
1
x
1 xD
=(
xhl = D
N
R
= 754,112 (kg/m3)
Lu lng cht lng hon lu: Q hl
G hl
hl
= 9,361 (m3/h).
Chn vn tc cht lng hon lu (t chy t b phn tch lng ngng t vo thp):
vhl = 0,2 (m/s).
ng knh ng hon lu: dhl =
4.Qhl
4.9,361
0,129 (m).
3600. .vhl
3600. .0,2
Chn ng knh ng hon lu: dhl = 0,15 (m).

0,212 (N/mm2)
Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn dng hon lu:
ng
Ptt
Dy
Dn
Kch thc ni
D
(N/mm2)
0,25
Db
Bu lng
D1
db
(mm)
150
159
260
225
Z
(Ci)
202
16
M16
42

GVHD: V B Minh

4.4 ng dn t ni un qua thp:
Khi lng ring ca hi vo thp
yW
M w .T0
18,038.273
0,589 (kg/m3)
22,4.TW 22,4.(273 100)
Lu lng hi vo thp:
QL =
= 0,586 (m3/s)
Chn vn tc cht lng vL = 35 (m/s).

ng knh ng dn cht lng: dL=
4.QL
4.0,589
0,146 (m)
.vL
.35
Chn ng knh ng dn: dL = 150 (mm).

0,212 (N/mm2)
Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn t ni un qua thp:
ng
Ptt
Dy
Dn
Kch thc ni
D
(N/mm )
0,25
Db
Bu lng
D1
db
(mm)
150
159
260
225
Z
(Ci)
202
16
M16
43

GVHD: V B Minh

4.5 ng dn dng sn phm y:
Sut lng sn phm y: GW = 2104,281 (kg/h).
Dng sn phm y:
tW = 100oC v xW 0,3485%
tW = 100oC tra bng 1.2 [4] tp 1 trang 9
Khi lng ring ca nc : N = 958 (kg/m3)
Khi lng ring ca ru : R = 716 (kg/m3)
x
1 xW
xW = W
N
R
=(
= 956,873 (kg/m3)
Lu lng sn phm y: QW
GW
= 2,195 (m3/h).
Chn vn tc sn phm y (cht lng t chy): vW = 0,12 (m/s).

ng knh ng dn sn phm y: dW=
4.QW
4.2,195
=0,08(m).
3600. .vW
3600. .0,12
Chn ng knh ng dn: dW = 0,08 (m).

0,212 (N/mm2)
Cc thng s ca bch ghp ng dn dng sn phm y:
ng
Ptt
Dy
Dn
Kch thc ni
D
(N/mm2)
0,25
Db
Bu lng
D1
db
(mm)
80
89
185
150
Z
(Ci)
128
14
M16
44

GVHD: V B Minh

5. Tai treo v chn :
Tnh khi lng ca ton thp:
Khi lng ca mt bch ghp thn: (thp CT3: CT3 = 7850 (Kg/m3)).
m1 =
. D 2 Dt .h.CT 3
2
D = 1,14 (m) : ng knh ngoi ca bch.

Dt = 1 (m) : ng knh trong ca thn thp.
h = 0,22 (m) : Chiu cao ca bch.
CT3 = 7850 (Kg/m3) : Khi lng ring ca tho CT3.
m1 = .D 2 Dt 2 .h.CT 3
4
.(
) . 0,22 . 7850
= 406,372 (kg).
Khi lng ca mt mm: (thp X18H10T: X18H10T = 7900 (Kg/m3)).
m2 = (F z .
).
-n. .
mm .
X18H10T
F = 0,785 (m2) : Tit din thp

z = 1 (m) : S ng chy chuyn mt mm.
dc = 0,0717 (m) :ng knh ng chy chuyn.
dh = 0,05 (m): ng knh ng hi.
mm
= 0,004: Chiu dy mm.
X18H10T = 7900 (Kg/m3) : Khi lng ring ca thp X18H10T.

m2 = (F z .
= (0,785 1 .
-n. .
.
40 .
).
.
mm .
X18H10T
). 0,004 . 7900
= 22,197 (kg)
Khi lng ca thn thp:
45

GVHD: V B Minh
m3 = . Dt . Hthn. thn . X18H10T

= . 1 . 11,844 . 0,004 . 7900
= 1175,805 (kg)
Hthn = 11,844 (m) : Chiu cao thn thp
thn
= 0,004 (m) : Chiu dy thn thp.
X18H10T = 7900 (kg/m3) : Khi lng ring ca thp X18H10T.

m3 = . Dt . Hthn. thn . X18H10T
= . 1 . 11,844 . 0,004 . 7900
= 1175,805 (kg)
Khi lng ca y (np) thp:
m4 = Sy .y . X18H10T
Sy = 1,16 (m2) : Din tch trong ca y (np)
= 0,004 (m) : Chiu dy y (np).
m4 = Sy .y . X18H10T
= 1,16 . 0,004 . 7900
= 36,656 (kg)
Khi lng chp trn mm ca ton thp :
Mchp = Ntt .n .( . d2ch. hch .ch + .d2ch.ch i . ch b.a ) . X18H10T
= 36 . 40 . ( . 0,082 . 0,0625 . 0,002 + . 0,082 . 0,002 - 39. 0,002 . 0,02 . 0,004) . 7900
= 415,061 (kg)
Ntt = 36 mm : S mm thc t.
n = 40 chp : S chp phn b trn a.
dch = 0,08 (m): ng knh chp.
hch = 0,0625 (m) : Chiu cao ng chy chuyn trn a.
ch = 0,002 (m) : Chiu dy chp.
46

GVHD: V B Minh
i = 39 khe : S khe h ca mi chp.

b = 0,02 (m) : Chiu cao khe chp.
a = 0,004 (m) : Chiu rng khe chp.
Mchp = Ntt .n .( . d2ch. hch .ch + .d2ch.ch i . ch b.a ) .
= 36 . 40 . ( . 0,082 . 0,0625 . 0,002 + . 0,082 . 0,002 - 39. 0,002 . 0,02 . 0,004) . 7900
= 415,061 (kg)
Khi lng ng hi :
Mng hi = . dh . hh .ch . n . Ntt . X18H10T
dh = 0,05 (m) : ng knh ng hi.
hh = hch h2 - ch + hi = 0.0625 0.0125 - 0.002 + 0.002 = 0.05 (m)

h2 = 0,0125 (m): Chiu cao chp pha trn ng hi.
hi = 0,002 (m) : Chiu dy ng hi.
hh = hch h2 - ch + hi = 0.0625 0.0125 - 0.002 + 0.002 = 0.05 (m)
n = 40 : S chp phn b trn a.
Ntt = 36 mm : S mm thc t.
X18H10T = 7900 kg/m3 : Khi lng ring ca thp X18H10T.
Mng hi = . dh . hh .ch . n . Ntt . X18H10T

= . 0,05 . 0,05 . 0,002 . 34 . 36 . 7900
= 151,89 (kg)
Khi lng ng chy chuyn :
Mchy chuyn = . dc .
c.
hch . Ntt . X18H10T
dtb = 0,0717 m : ng knh trung bnh ng chy chuyn
= 0,003 m : chiu dy ng chy chuyn

X18H10T = 7900 kg/m3 : Khi lng ring ca thp X18H10T.
47

GVHD: V B Minh

Mchy chuyn =
. dc .
c.
hch . Ntt . X18H10T
= . 0,0717 . 0,003 . 0,0625 . 7900 . 36

= 6,006 (kg)
Khi lng bch ni cc ng dn :
Mng dn = /4 . 2 . [(0,1852 0,082) . 0,014 + (0,082 0,0152) . 0,01 +
(0,262 0,0152) . 0,016 + ( 0,262 0,0152) . 0,016 + (0,1852 - 0,082) . 0,014] . 7850
= 36,953 (kg)
Khi lng dung dch trong thp ( xem Vdung dch = 0,5 Vthp )
Mdd = 0,5 ( .D2t. H/4 + Vy ) . x
= 0,5 . ( . 12.
+ 0,151) . 894,115
= 4226,149 (kg)
Khi lng ca ton thp:
m = 7 . m1 + Ntt . m2 + m3 + 2 . m4 + Mchp + Mng hi + Mchy chuyn + Mng dn + Mdd
= 7.406,372 + 36.22,197 + 1175,805 + 2.36,656 + 415,061 + 151,89 + 6,006 + 36,953 +
4226,149
= 9728,872 (kg)
a. Chn tai treo :
o Chn vt liu lm tai treo l thp CT3 . Tm lt l vt liu lm thn: [CT3]= 130.106 (N/m2)
o Chn s tai treo : n = 4
o Ti trng ln mt tai treo ( 4 tai treo v 4 chn ):
Q0 =
Q 9728,872. 9,81
=
= 11930 (N)
8
8
o Chn ti trng cho php ln mt tai treo l 2,5.104 N
48

GVHD: V B Minh
Theo Bng XIII.36 [4] (tp 2)- trang 438: tai treo thit b thng ng.
Kch thc tai treo : cho bng sau (tnh theo mm)
L
B1
150
120
130
215
60
20
30
b. Chn chn :
- Chn vt liu lm tai treo l thp CT3 .
- Ti trng cho php ln mt chn : 2,5.104 N
49

GVHD: V B Minh
t b
Truc thie
Theo ay
thietb
Theo bng XIII.35 STT2 . Chn thp i vi thit b thng ng (n v l : mm)

L
B1
B2
250
180
215
290
350
185
16
90
27
50

GVHD: V B Minh

c. Tnh chiu dy lp cch nhit
- Trong qu trnh hot ng cua thp, do thp tip xc vi khng kh nn nhit lng tn tht ra
mi trng rt ln. Lm chi ph vn hnh cao, v thp hot ng khng n nh. Do cn
bc cch nhit cho thp.
- Chn vt liu cch nhit cho than thp l aming c b dy l a .
- H s dn nhit ca aming l a = 0,151
- Nhit lng tn tht ra mi trng xung quanh:
Qm = 0,05.Q = 0,05. 2315,101 = 115,755 (kW) = 115755 (W)
- Nhit ti mt mt ring:
qm
Qm a
.(tv1 tv 2 ) a .tv
f tb a
a
Trong :
tv1 : nhit ca lp cch nhit tip xc vi b mt ngoi ca thp.
tv2 : nhit ca lp cch nhit tip xc vi khng kh.
tv : hiu s nhit gia hai b mt ca lp cch nhit.
an ton ta ly tv = tmax = ty tkk
Chn tkk = 300C tv = tmax = 100 30 = 70 (K)
tb : din tch b mt trung bnh ca thp (k c lp cch nhit); m2
tb = .Dtb.H = .
Dt Dn
.H =
2
= .(Dtb+Sthn+ a ).H
Ta c phng trnh:
(
. 70
a = 3,423 mm
Vy chn b dy lp cch nhit l a = 5 mm
- Th tch vt liu cn dng:
V = . Dt . (Sthn+ a ) . H
= . 1 . (0,004 + 0,005) . 11,844
= 0,335 (m3)
51

GVHD: V B Minh
CHNG V: TNH TON THIT B TRUYN NHIT- THIT B PH.

1.
Cc thit b truyn nhit:

1.1.Thit b lm ngui sn phm nh:
Chn thit b lm ngui sn phm nh l thit b truyn nhit ng lng ng. ng truyn
nhit c lm bng thp X18H10T, kch thc ng trong: 16x1,6 ; kch thc ng ngoi:
25x2,5.
Chn: + Nc lm lnh i trong ng trong (14/16) vi nhit u: tN = 28oC, nhit
cui: tN = 40oC.
+ Sn phm nh i trong ng ng ngi(26/28) vi nhit u:tD = 79oC,
nhit cui: tD = 35oC.
Cc tnh cht l hc ca nc lm lnh c tra [4- (tp 1)] ng vi nhit trung bnh
t2 =
28 40
2
=34oC:
+ Nhit dung ring: cN = 4,181 (KJ/kg.).

+ Khi lng ring: N = 994,4 (Kg/m3).
+ nht ng lc: N = 0,5811.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ H s dn nhit: N = 0,629 (W/moK).
Cc tnh cht l hc ca sn phm nh c tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)] ng vi
nhit trung bnh t1 =
t D t ' D 79 35
o
57 C:
2
2
+ Nhit dung ring: cD= 3055,418 (J/kg.).

+ Khi lng ring: D = 779,237 (kg/m3).
+ nht ng lc: D = 0,6911.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ H s dn nhit: D = 0,214 (W/moK).
a . Sut lng nc cn dng lm mt sn phm nh:
Sut lng sn phm nh:
GD = 805,771 (kg/h) = 0,224 (Kg/s).
Lng nhit cn ti:
52

GVHD: V B Minh
QD = GD.cD.(tD-tD) = 0,224 . 2889,184 . (79 - 35) = 28475,798 (J/s) = 28,476

(kJ/s).
Sut lng nc cn dng:
GN =
QD
28,47
= 0,567 (kg/s).
c N .(t 2 t1 ) 4,181 .( 40 28 )
b . Xc nh b mt truyn nhit :
B mt truyn nhit c xc nh theo phng trnh truyn nhit:
Ftb =
Qt
K .t log
,(m2)
(IV.7).
Vi: + K : h s truyn nhit.

+ tlog : nhit trung bnh logarit.
Xc nh tlog :
Chn kiu truyn nhit ngc chiu.
790C
400C
350C
280C
t log
(79 40) (35 28)

o
18,63 ( K).
79 40
ln
35 28
Xc nh h s truyn nhit K:
H s truyn nhit K c tnh theo cng thc:
K=
(W/m2.oK)
Vi: + N : h s cp nhit ca nc trong ng (W/m2.oK).

+ D : h s cp nhit ca sn phm nh (W/m2.oK).
+ : b dy lp cu (m).
53

GVHD: V B Minh
+ Cu: h s dn nhit ca kim loi ng(W/mK), Cu=385 (W/mK).

* Dng nng (sn phm nh ng ngoi)
Vn tc ca sn phm nh i trong ng ngoi:
vD
GD
4
0,224
4
.
0,871 (m/s).
2
2
.( D tr d ng ). 779,237 .( 0,026 0,016 2 )
2
ng knh tng ng: dtd = Dtr dng = 0,026 - 0,016 = 0,01 (m).
Chun s Reynolds :
Re D
v D. d td . D
0,871 .0,01 .779 ,237

9820,799 > 2320 : ch qu .
0,6911 .10 3
Chun s Nusselt c dng:

Nu D C. l . Pr D
0 , 43
.(
Pr D 0, 25
)
Pr w1
Trong :
l : h s hiu chnh, gi tr ca 1 ph thuc vo t l L/d khi Re < 104. Ta
c
= 58 l =1.
C : h s ph thuc vo chun s Reynolds, ReD = 9820,799 C =

32,462.
PrD : chun s Prandlt ca sn phm nh 57oC,
D .cD 0,6911.103.3055,418
PrD
= 9,867
D
0,214
Prv1 : chun s Prandlt ca sn phm nh nhit trung bnh ca vch.
NuD = 32,462 . 9,8670,43 . (
* Dng lnh (nc trong ng nh)

Vn tc nc i trong ng:
vN
GN
4
0,567
4
.
3,704 (m/s).
2
.d tr 994 ,4 .0,014 2
Chun s Reynolds :
Re N
v N . d tr . N
3,704 .0,014 .994 ,4

88737,922 > 104 : ch chy ri.
3
0,5811 .10
54

GVHD: V B Minh

Nu N 0,021 . l . Re N
0 ,8
Pr N
0 , 43
.(
Pr N 0, 25
)
Prv 2
Trong :
l : h s hiu chnh, gi tr ca 1 ph thuc vo t l L/d v ReN. Ta c

=
= 107 v ReN = l =1.
PrN : chun s Prandlt ca nc 34oC PrN = 4,976
Prw2 : chun s Prandlt ca nc nhit trung bnh ca vch.
Nu N 0,021 . l . Re N 0,8 Pr N 0, 43 .(
Pr N 0, 25
)
Pr w 2
= 0,021 . 88737,9220,8 . 4,9760,43 .
Nhit thnh ng tw1 v tw2

tD
t1
tV
t2
tw1
tw2
tlog
tN
S o phan bo nhiet o khi truyen nhiet gia cac lu chat qua vach ngan.
t1 t1 t v1
t 2 t v 2 t 2
Ta thc hien phep tnh lap.
Khi iem ta chon gan ung hieu so gia nhiet o lu chat va vach
ngan nh sau:
55

GVHD: V B Minh
t1 Re 2
~
t 2 Re 1
Hieu so nhiet o log bieu dien nh sau:
t log 1 2 C t1 t 2
0
Suy ra:
t1
t 2
t log 1,5
=
Re D
1
Re N
t log 1,5
Re N
1
Re D
= 15,4230C
= 1,7060C
tv1 = t1 - t1 = 57 15,423 = 41,5770C

tv2 = t2 + t2 = 1,706 + 34 = 35,7060C
* Dng nng (sn phm nh ng ln)
Prv1 =
Nhit tv1 = 41,5770C
Nhit dung ring: cv1= 2460,595 (J/kg.).
nht ng lc: v1 = 0,789.10-3 (N.s/m2).
H s dn nhit: v1 = 0,214 (W/moK).
Prv1 =
NuD =
= 9,073
= 88,712
H s cp nhit ca sn phm nh trong ng ln:
D =
= 1898,437
* Dng lnh (nc trong ng nh)

Prv2 =4,787
NuN =
= 384,211
H s cp nhit ca nc lm ngui trong ng nh:
N =
= 17262,051
56

GVHD: V B Minh
K=
=
= 1668,161 (W/m2.0K)
TH LI
t1 =
= 16,370C
Sai s 5,8% (Chp nhn)
t2 =
= 1,80C

B mt truyn nhit trung bnh c xc nh theo phng trnh truyn nhit:
Ftb =
Qt
=
K .t log
= 0,916 (m2)
Chiu di ng truyn nhit:

L=
= 19,438 (m)
Chn L = 20 (m)
Vy: Thit b lm ngui sn phm nh l thit b truyn nhit ng lng ng vi chiu di

ng truyn nhit L = 20 (m), chia thnh 10 dy, mi dy di 2 (m).
1.2.
Thit b trao i nhit gia nhp liu v sn phm y:
Chn thit b lm ngui sn phm nh l thit b truyn nhit ng lng ng. ng truyn
nhit c lm bng thp X18H10T.
Chn: + Dng nhp liu i trong ng trong (25/27) vi nhit u: tF = 28oC, nhit
cui: tF cha bit.
57

GVHD: V B Minh
+ Sn phm y i trong ng ngoi (38/40) vi nhit u:tW = 100oC, nhit

cui: tW = 60oC.
Cc tnh cht l hc ca sn phm y c tra [4- (tp 1)] ng vi nhit trung
bnh t1 =
100 60
2
= 80oC
+ Nhit dung ring: cW = 4,187 (kJ/kg.).

+ Khi lng ring: W = 971,174 (kg/m3).
+ nht ng lc: W = 0,358.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ H s dn nhit: W = 0,655 (W/moK).
a . Nhit dng nhp liu sau khi trao i nhit vi sn phm y:
Sut lng sn phm y:
GW = 2104,281 (kg/h) = 0,585 (kg/s)
Lng nhit cn ti:
Qt =
GW
2104,281
.cW.(tW-tW) =
.4,187.(100-60) = 97,896 (kW).
3600
3600
28oC, ta xem nhit dung ring ca dng nhp liu l hng s

cF = cR . x F +(1- x F ).cN = 2,572 . 0,252 + (1- 0,252) . 4,178 = 3,773 (kJ/kg.).
Nhit dng nhp liu sau khi trao i nhit vi sn phm y:
tF =
Qt
tF
c F .GF
97,896
o
28 = 60,098 C.
2910,025
3,773.
3600
Cc tnh cht l hc ca sn phm nh c tra [4- (tp 1)] ng vi nhit trung

bnh t1 =
t ' F t F 60,098 28
o
44,049 C
2
2
+ Nhit dung ring: cF = 3,821 (kJ/kg.).

+ Khi lng ring: F = 934,279 (kg/m3).
+ nht ng lc: F = 0,634.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ H s dn nhit: F = 0,524 (W/moK).
58

GVHD: V B Minh
Ftb =
Qt
K .t log
,(m2)
(IV.7).

Xc nh tlog :
Chn kiu truyn nhit ngc chiu.
1000C
60,0980
C
600C
280C
t log
(100 60,098) (60 28)

o
35,806 ( K).
100 60,098
ln
60 28
(W/m2.oK)
K=

+ D : h s cp nhit ca sn phm nh (W/m2.oK).
+ : b dy lp cu (m).
+ Cu: h s dn nhit ca kim loi ng(W/mK), Cu=385 (W/mK).
* Dng nng (sn phm y ng ngoi)
Vn tc ca sn phm y i trong ng ngoi:
vW
GW
4
0,585
4
.
1,073 (m/s).
2
2
.( D tr d ng ). 971,174 .( 0,038 0,027 2 )
2
Chun s Reynolds :
59

GVHD: V B Minh

Re W
vW . d td .W
1,073 .0,011 .971,174

32018,901 > 104 : ch chy ri.
3
0,358 .10

NuW 0,021 . l . Re W
0 ,8
PrW
0 , 43
.(
PrW 0, 25
)
Pr w1
Trong :

= 39 v ReN = 32018,90 l =1,02
PrW : chun s Prandlt ca sn phm y 80oC.

PrW =
= 2,288
Prv1 : chun s Prandlt ca nc nhit trung bnh ca vch.
NuW 0,021 . l . Re W
0 ,8
PrW
0 , 43
.(
PrW 0, 25
)
Prv1
= 0,021 . 1,02 . 32018,9010,8 . 2,2880,43 .
=
* Dng lnh (dng nhp liu trong ng nh)
Vn tc nc i trong ng:
vF
GF
4
2910 ,025
4
.
1,763 (m/s).
2
.d tr 3600 .934 ,279 .0,025 2
Chun s Reynolds :
Re F
v F . d tr . F
1,763 .0,025 .934 ,279

64950,074 > 104 : ch chy ri.
3
0,634 .10

Nu F 0,021 . l . Re F
0 ,8
Pr F
0 , 43
.(
Pr F 0, 25
)
Prv 2
Trong :
60

GVHD: V B Minh
= 60 v ReN = 64950,074 l =1.
PrF : chun s Prandlt ca dng nhp liu 44,0490C
PrF =
= 4,623
Nu F 0,021 . l . Re F
0 ,8
Pr F
0 , 43
.(
Pr F 0, 25
)
Prv 2
= 0,021 . 64950,0740,8 . 4,623 0,43 .
Nhit thnh ng tv1 v tv2

tW
t1
tV
tv1
t2
tlog
tv2
tF
S phn b nhit khi truyn nhit gia cc lu cht qua vch ngn.
t1 t1 t v1
t 2 t v 2 t 2
Ta thc hin php tnh lp.
Khi im ta chn gn ng hiu s gia nhit lu cht v vch ngn nh sau:
t1 Re 2
~
t 2 Re 1
Hiu s nhit log biu din nh sau:
t log 1 2 C t1 t 2
0
61

GVHD: V B Minh

Suy ra:
t1
t 2
t log 1,5
=
Re
1 W
Re F
= 22,9780C
t log 1,5
Re F
1
ReW
= 11,3280C
tv1 = t1 - t1 = 80 22,978 = 57,0220C

tv2 = t2 + t2 = 11,328 + 44,049 = 55,3770C
Prv1 =
Nhit tv1 = 57,0220C
nht ng lc: v1 = 0,493.10-3 (N.s/m2).
Prw1 =
NuW =
= 3,159
= 113,419
D =
= 6753,586

Prv2 =
Nhit tv2 = 55,3770C
Prv2 =
NuF =
nht ng lc: v2 = 0,54.10-3 (N.s/m2).

=
= 3,931
= 299,093
62

GVHD: V B Minh

F =
= 6268,989
K=
=
= 3223,911 (W/m2.0K)
TH LI
t1 =
= 17,0920C
Sai s 26% (Khng chp nhn)
t2 =
= 18,4140C
Sai s 63% (Khng chp nhn)

TNH LP LN 2:
Vi: t1= 17,0920C
t2 = 18,4140C
tv1 = t1 - t1 = 80 17,092 = 62,9080C

tv2 = t2 + t2 = 18,414 + 44,049 = 62,4630C
Prv1 =
Nhit tv1 = 62,9080C
nht ng lc: v1 = 0,453.10-3 (N.s/m2).
Prw1 =
NuW =

=
= 2,886
= 116,011
63

GVHD: V B Minh

D =
= 6907,928

Prv2 =
Nhit tv2 = 62,4630C
nht ng lc: v2 = 0,557.10-3 (N.s/m2).
Prv2 =
NuF =
= 4,058
= 296,725
F =
= 6219,356
K=
=
= 3245,205 (W/m2.0K)
TH LI
t1 =
= 16,8210C

t2 =
= 18,683C

B mt truyn nhit trung bnh c xc nh theo phng trnh truyn nhit:
Ftb =
Qt
=
K .t log
= 0,842 (m2)
64

GVHD: V B Minh

L=
= 10,308 (m)
Chn L = 11 (m)
Vy: Thit b lm ngui sn phm nh l thit b truyn nhit ng lng ng vi chiu di

ng truyn nhit L = 11 (m),.
1.3. Thit gia nhit nhp liu :

Chn thit b gia nhit nhp liu l thit b truyn nhit ng lng ng. ng truyn nhit
c lm bng thp X18H10T.
+ Dng nhp liu i trong ng trong (25/27) vi nhit u: tF = 60,098oC, nhit
cui: tF = 860C.
+ Chn hi gia nhit l hi nc 1 at, i trong ng ngoi (38/40) .
Cc tnh cht vt l ca hi gia nhit tra [4- (tp 1)], ta c:
+ Nhit si: tsN = 100oC.
+ n nhit ngng t: rN = 2260 (kJ/kg).
Cc tnh cht l hc ca dng nhp liu c tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)] ng vi
nhit trung bnh t2 =
t " F t ' F
=73,049oC:
2
+ Nhit dung ring: cF = 3,924 (kJ/kg.).

+ Khi lng ring: F = 916,8 (kg/m3).
+ nht ng lc: F = 0,419.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ H s dn nhit: F = 0,54 (W/moK).
a . Sut lng hi nc cn dng :
Lng nhit cn ti cung cp cho dng nhp liu:
Qc =
GF
2910,025
.cF.(tF tF) =
. 3,924 . (86 60,098) = 82,159 (kW).
3600
3600
Sut lng hi nc cn dng:
65

GVHD: V B Minh

GhN =
Qc 82,159
= 0,0364 (kg/s).
rN
2260
Ftb =
Qt
K .t log
(m2)
(IV.22).

Xc nh tlog :
Chn kiu truyn nhit ngc chiu, nn:
1000C
1000C
860C
60,0980C
t log
(100 60,098) (100 86)

24,73 (oK).
100 60.098
Ln
100 86
K
1
1
rt
,(W/m2.oK)
(IV.23).
Vi: + F : h s cp nhit ca dng nhp liu (W/m2.oK).

+ N : h s cp nhit ca hi nc (W/m2.oK).
+ rt : nhit tr ca thnh ng v lp cu.
* Xc nh h s cp nhit ca dng nhp liu trong ng nh:
Vn tc dng nhp liu i trong ng ngoi:
vF
GF
4
2910 ,025
4
.
.
1,57 (m / 66
s)
2
2
2
3600 . F .( D tr d ng ). 3600.916,8 .( 0,038 0,027 2 )

GVHD: V B Minh
Chun s Reynolds :
Re F
v F d td . F
1,57 .0,011 .916 ,8

37787 ,914 > 104 : ch chy ri.
3
0,419 .10

Nu F 0,021 . l . Re F
0 ,8
Pr F
0 , 43
.(
Pr F 0, 25
)
Prv 2
Trong :

= 39 v ReN = 37787,914 l =1,02
PrF : chun s Prandlt ca dng nhp liu 74,033oC, nn

PrF =
cF . F
3924.0,419.103
= 3,045
0,54
Nu F 0,021 . l . Re F
0 ,8
Pr F
0 , 43
.(
Pr F 0, 25
)
Prv 2
= 0,021 . 1,02 . 37787,9140,8 . 3,0450,43 .

=
H s cp nhit ca dng nhp liu trong ng nh:
F =
Nu F . F 209 ,672 .0,54 10292 ,989
0 , 25
0 , 25
d td
Prv 2 .0,011
Prv 2
Nhit ti pha dng nhp liu:

q F F .(t v 2 t 2 )
10292 ,989
(t v 2 73,049 ) (W/m2)
0 , 25
Prv 2
(IV.24).
Vi tv2 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi dng nhp liu (trong ng nh).

* Nhit ti qua thnh ng v lp cu:
67

GVHD: V B Minh

qt
t v1 t v 2
, (W/m2).
rt
Trong :
+ tv1 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi hi nc (ngoi ng nh).
+ rt
t
r1 r2
t
B dy thnh ng: t = 2(mm).

H s dn nhit ca thp khng g: t = 17,5 (W/moK).
Nhit tr trung bnh ca lp bn trong ng vi nc sch:
r1 = 1/5000 (m2.oK/W).
Nhit tr lp cu pha sn phm nh: r2 = 1/5000 (m2.oK/W).
Suy ra: rt = 1/1944,444 (m2.oK/W).
Vy: qt = 1944,444.(tv1-tv2)
(IV.25).
* Xc nh h s cp nhit ca hi nc trong ng nh:

ng knh tng ng: dtd = Dtr dng = 0,038- 0,027 = 0,011 (m)
H s cp nhit ca hi nc c xc nh theo cng thc:
rN
N= 0,725. A.
(t1 t v1 ).d td
=
0 , 25
2260.1000
0,725. A.
(100 t v1 ).0,011
0 , 25
86 ,799 . A
(100 t v1 ) 0, 25
Vi: + A : h s ph thuc vo tnh cht vt l nc theo nhit mng tm =

, c tra [4- (tp 1) trang 29]
Nhit ti pha hi nc:
q N N .(t1 t v1 ) 86 ,799 . A.(100 t v1 ) 0, 75 (W/m2) (IV.26).

Chn: tv1 = 98oC
Khi , nhit trung bnh
100 98
= 99oC ta tra c A = 178,5
2
T (IV.26): qN = 86,799 . 178,5 . (100 98)0,75

= 26057,0616 (W/m2).
68

GVHD: V B Minh
Xem nhit ti mt mt l khng ng k: qt = qN =26057,0616 (W/m2).

T (IV.25), ta c: tv2 = tv1Suy ra: ttbv =
qt
= 98 1944 ,444
= 84,6oC
t v1 t v 2 98 84,6
=
91,3 oC
2
2
Cc tnh cht l hc ca dng nhp liu c tra [4- (tp 1)], ng vi nhit
trung bnh ttbv = 91,3oC:
+ Nhit dung ring: cR = 4,006 (kJ/kg.).
+ nht ng lc: R = 0,33.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ H s dn nhit: R = 0,547 (W/moK).
Khi : Prv2 =
cR . R
T (IV.24): qF =
4006.0,33.103
= 2,416
0,547
10292 ,989
.(84 ,6 73,049 ) 95364 ,527 (W/m2).
0 , 25
2,416
Kim tra sai s:

=
qN q F
qN
35705,52 35903,98
35903,98
=0,54% < 5%: tho.
Vy: tw1 = 97,15oC v tw2 = 78,79oC.

Khi : N
91,265 .178 ,36

12868 ,909 (W/m2.oC).
0 , 25
(100 97 ,15 )
F
T (IV.23): K
6715 ,679
5066 ,063 (W/m2.oC).
0 , 25
3,088
1
1266 ,810 (W/m2.oC).
1
1
1
5066 ,063 1944 ,444 12868 ,909
T (IV.22), b mt truyn nhit trung bnh:
Ftb
43,48 .1000
= 1,314 (m2).
1266 ,81 .26 ,13
Suy ra chiu di ng truyn nhit :
69

GVHD: V B Minh

L
1,314
18,18 (m).
0,025 0,021
.
2
Chn: L = 20(m),(d tr khong 20%).

Kim tra:
L
20
952 ,38 50 th l = 1: tho.

d tr 0,021
Vy: thit b gia nhit dng nhp liu l thit b truyn nhit ng lng ng vi chiu
di ng truyn nhit L = 20(m), chia thnh 10 dy, mi dy di 2 (m).
1.4. Ni un gia nhit sn phm y:
Chn ni un gia nhit sn phm y l ni un Kettle, ng truyn nhit c lm bng
thp X18H10T, kch thc ng 25x2.
+ Sn phm y trc khi vo ni un c nhit u t1 = 99oC nhit ra l tW =
100oC.
+ Chn hi t l hi nc 2 at, i trong ng 25x2.
Cc tnh cht ca hi nc gia nhit tra [4- (tp1)], ta c:
+ Nhit si: tsN = 119,6oC.
+ n nhit ngng t: rN = 2208 (kJ/kg).
a . Sut lng hi nc cn dng :
Lng nhit cn ti cung cp cho y thp: Q = 584,396 (kW).
Sut lng hi nc cn dng:
GhN =
Qd 584 ,396
= 0,265 (kg/s).
rN
2208
Ftb =
Qd
K .t log
,(m2)
(IV.12).

Xc nh tlog :
70

GVHD: V B Minh

(119 ,6 99 ) (119 ,6 100 )
20 ,096 (oK).
119 ,6 99
Ln
119 ,6 100
t log
1
rt
,(W/m2.oK)
(IV.13).
Vi: + N : h s cp nhit ca hi nc (W/m2.oK).

+ D : h s cp nhit ca sn phm y (W/m2.oK).
* Xc nh h s cp nhit ca hi nc:
H s cp nhit ca hi nc c xc nh theo cng thc:
rN
N = 0,725. A.
(t sN t w1 ).d tr
=
0 , 25
2208.1000
0,725. A.
(
119
,
6
t
).
0
,
021
w1
0 , 25
73,415 . A
(119 ,6 t w1 ) 0, 25
Vi: + tw1 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi hi nc(trong ng).

+ A : h s ph thuc vo tnh cht vt l nc theo nhit , c tra ti
liu tham kho [2].
Nhit ti pha hi:
q N N .(t sN t w1 ) 73,415 . A.(119 ,6 t w1 ) 0, 75 (W/m2) (IV.14).

qt
t w1 t w 2
, (W/m2).
rt
Trong :
+ tw2 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi sn phm y (ngoi ng).
+ rt
t
r1 r2
t
B dy thnh ng: t = 2 (mm).

71

GVHD: V B Minh

Nhit tr trung bnh ca lp bn trong ng vi nc sch: r1 = 1/5000
(m2.oK/W).
Nhit tr lp cu pha sn phm y: r2 =1/500(m2.oK/W).
Suy ra: rt = 1/1944,444 (m2.oK/W).
Vy: qt = 1944,444.(tw1-tw2)
(IV.15).
* Xc nh h s cp nhit ca sn phm y:
H s cp nhit ca sn phm y c xc nh theo cng thc (ch si si
bt v xem sn phm y nh l nc):
D =
4186,8
.39.p0,5.(tw2 100)2,33
3600
Vi: + p: p sut t nhit si ca sn phm y, khi

p = 1 at = 105 (N/m2).
Suy ra: D = 14343,143(tw2 100)2,33
Nhit ti pha sn phm y:
q D D .(t w 2 100 ) 14343 ,143 (t w 2 100 ) 3,33 (W/m2)
(IV.16).
Chn: tw1 = 116,655oC :

Khi , nhit trung bnh
119,6 116,655
= 118,128oC ta tra c
2
A = 187,1574
T (IV.14): qN =73,415.187,1574.(119,6-116,655)0,75
= 30889,133(W/m2).
Xem nhit ti mt mt l khng ng k: qt = qN =30889,133 (W/m2).
T (IV.15), ta c: tw2 = tw1-
qt
=100,769oC
1944 ,444
T (IV.16): qD =14343,143.(100,769-100)3,33=31708,196(W/m2).
Kim tra sai s:
=
qN q D
qD
30889,133 31708,196
30889,133
=2,65% < 5% : tho.
Vy: tw1 = 116,655oC v tw2 = 100,769oC.

72

GVHD: V B Minh
73,415 .187 ,1574

10488 ,670 (W/m2.oC).
0 , 25
(119 ,6 116 ,655 )
Khi : N
D 14343 ,143 .(100 ,769 100 ) 3,33 24986 ,758 (W/m2.oC).

1
1539 ,295 (W/m2.oC).
1
1
1
10488 ,670 1944 ,444 24986 ,758
T (IV.13): K
Ftb
584 ,396 .1000

= 18,89 (m2).
1539 ,295 .20 ,096
Chn s ng truyn nhit: n = 91 (ng).

L
18,89
2,87 (m).
0,025 0,021
.91.
2
Chn: L = 2,87 (m)

Vy: ni un gia nhit sn phm y l thit b truyn nhit v - ng vi s ng n = 91,
chiu di ng truyn nhit L = 11,5 (m).
ng c b tr theo hnh lc gic u. Nn ta c s ng trn ng cho hnh lc
gic: b = 9(ng). Chn bc ngang gia hai ng: t = 1,4.dng = 1,4.0,025 = 0,035 (m).
ng knh v thit b: Dv = t.(b-1)+4.dng = 0,035(9-1)+4.0,025
= 0,380(m).
1.5. Thit b ngng t sn phm nh:
Chn thit b ngng t ng lng ng .
ng truyn nhit c lm bng thp X18H10T, kch thc ng: 25x2, chiu di ng l
L = 1,5 (m).
Chn nc lm lnh i trong ng vi nhit u: t1 = 28oC, nhit cui: t2 = 40oC.
Cc tnh cht l hc ca nc lm lnh c tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)] ng vi
nhit trung bnh ttbN =
t1 t 2
=34oC:
2
+ Nhit dung ring: cN = 4,181 (KJ/kg.).

73

GVHD: V B Minh

+ Khi lng ring: N = 994,4 (Kg/m3).
+ nht ng lc: N = 0,7371.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ H s dn nhit: N = 0,6242 (W/moK).
a . Sut lng nc cn dng ngng t sn phm nh:
GN =
Qnt
1893917 ,343
= 10,49 (kg/s).
3600 .c N .(t 2 t1 ) 3600 .4,181 .( 40 28 )
Ftb =
Qnt
K .t log
,(m2)
(IV.2).

Xc nh tlog :
t log
(86 28) (86 40)

o
51,77( K).
86 28
Ln
86 40
K
1
1
rt
,(W/m2.oK)
(IV.3).

+ R : h s cp nhit ca hi ngng t (W/m2.oK).
* Xc nh h s cp nhit ca nc trong ng:
Chn vn tc nc i trong ng: vN = 0,75 (m/s).
S ng trong mt ng nc:
GN
N .d tr .v N
2
43,26
4
.
~ 167 ,47 (ng).
994 ,4 .0,021 2.0,75
74

GVHD: V B Minh

Chun s Reynolds :
Re N
v N . d tr . N
0,75 .0,021 .994 ,4

21247 ,86 > 104 : ch chy ri,
3
0,7371 .10
cng thc xc nh chun s Nusselt c dng:

Nu N 0,021 . l . Re N
0 ,8
Pr N
0 , 43
.(
Pr N 0, 25
)
Pr w
Trong :
+ l : h s hiu chnh ph thuc vo ReN v t l chiu di ng vi ng
knh ng:ReN=21247,86 v
L
1,5
50 ,nn l =1.
d tr 0,021
+ PrN : chun s Prandlt ca nc 34oC, nn PrN = 5.

+ Prw : chun s Prandlt ca nc nhit trung bnh ca vch.
Suy ra: Nu N
181,707
0 , 25
Pr w
H s cp nhit ca nc trong ng:

N =
Nu N . N 181,707.0,6242 5401,024
0, 25
0, 25
d tr
PrN .0,021
PrN
Nhit ti pha nc lm lnh:

q N N .(t w 2 t tbN )
5401 ,024
(t w 2 34 ) (W/m2)
0 , 25
Pr N
(IV.4).
Vi tw2 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi nc (trong ng).

qt
t w1 t w 2
, (W/m2).
rt
Trong :
+ tw1 : nhit ca vch tip xc vi ru (ngoi ng).
+ rt
t
rc
t
B dy thnh ng: t = 2 (mm).

75

GVHD: V B Minh
Nhit tr trung bnh ca lp bn trong ng vi nc sch:

rc = 1/5000 (m2.oK/W).
Suy ra: rt = 1/3181,818 (m2.oK/W).
Vy: qt = 3181,818.(tw1-tw2)
(IV.5)
* H s cp nhit ca hi ngng t:
R 0,725 .4
rR . R . R
A
R .(t D t w1 ).d ng (78,5 t w1 ) 0, 25

3
rR . R . R
R .d ng
3
t: A= 0,725 .4
vi [rR]=[J/kg].
An nhit ngng t: rR = rD = 945,465 (kJ/kg).

Nhit ti ngoi thnh ng:
qR = R.(78,5-tw1) = A.(78,5-tw1)0,75
(IV.6).
T (IV.4), (IV.5), (IV.6) ta dng phng php lp xc nh tw1, tw2 :

Chn: tw1 = 53,7oC :
Cc tnh cht l hc ca ru ngng t c tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)] ng vi
nhit trung bnh ttbD =
t D t w1 78,5 53,7
66,1 oC:
2
2
+ Khi lng ring: R = 767,68 (Kg/m3).

+ nht ng lc: R = 0,6018.10-3 (N.s/m2).
+ H s dn nhit: R = 0,2073 (W/moK).
Khi : A = 3090,099
T (IV.6): qR = 3090,099.(78,5-53,7)0,75 = 34340,859 (W/m2).
Xem nhit ti mt mt l khng ng k: qt = qR =34340,859 (W/m2).
T (IV.5), ta c: tw2 = tw1Suy ra: ttbw =
qt
=42,907oC
3181 ,818
t w1 t w 2 53,7 42,907
=
48,304 oC
2
2
Tra ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)], Prw = 3,672

T (IV.4): qN =
5401 ,024
.( 42 ,907 34 ) 34752 ,167 (W/m2).
0 , 25
3,672
76

GVHD: V B Minh

Kim tra sai s:
qN q R
qR
34752,167 34340,859
34340,859
=1,2% < 5% : tho.
Vy: tw1 = 53,7oC v tw2 = 42,907oC.
5401 ,024
3901 ,669 (W/m2.oC).
0 , 25
3,672
Khi : N
3090 ,099
1384 ,712 (W/m2.oC).
0 , 25
(78,5 53,7)
R
T (IV.3): K
1
773 ,540 (W/m2.oC).
1
1
1
3901 ,669 3181 ,818 1384 ,712
Ftb
1893917 ,343 .1000

= 13,14 (m2).
3600 .773 ,540 .51,77
Suy ra chiu di ng truyn nhit :

L
13,14
4,66 (m).
0,025 0,021
.39.
2
2. Tnh ton bm nhp liu

2.1 Tnh chiu cao bn cao v:
Chn ng knh ng dn nguyn liu (nhp liu): d = 50 (mm), nhm ca ng
=0,1(mm).
nhit trung bnh ttbF =
t F t'F
= 56,425 oC:
2
+ Khi lng ring: F = 947,513 (Kg/m3).

+ nht ng lc: F = 0,7978.10-3 (N.s/m2).
Vn tc ca dng nhp liu trong ng dn:
vF =
QF
4
2910 ,025
4
.
.
= 0,434 (m/s).
2
3600 . F .d
3600 .947 ,513 .0,05 2
77

GVHD: V B Minh

a . Tn tht ng ng dn:
l1
vF 2
h1 1 . 1 .
d1
2.g
(m).
Vi: + 1 : h s ma st trong ng ng.

+ l1 : chiu di ng ng dn, chn l1 = 20(m).
+ d1 : ng knh ng dn, d1 = d = 0,05(m).
+ 1 : tng h s tn tht cc b.
+ vF : vn tc dng nhp liu trong ng dn, vF = 0,434 (m/s).
* Xc nh 1 :
Chun s Reynolds ca dng nhp liu trong ng:
Re 1
v F .d1 . F
0,434 .0,05 .947 ,513

= 25772,164
0,7978 .10 3
Theo ti liu tham kho [4 (tp 1)], ta c:

8
50 7
d 7
+ Chun s Reynolds ti hn: Regh1= 6. 1 = 6. =7289,343

0,1
+ Chun s Reynolds khi bt u xut hin vng nhm:
9
50 8
d 8
Ren1= 220. 1 = 220. =23,9.104.

0,1
Suy ra: Regh1 < Re1< Ren1: khu vc chy qu , khi (ti liu tham kho [4
(tp 1)]):
100
1= 0,1.1,46.
d1 Re1
0 , 25
0,0345
* Xc nh 1:
H s tn tht ca dng nhp liu qua:
+ 10 ch un cong: u1=10.1,1 = 11.
+ 3 van (van cu): v1= 3.10 = 30.
+ 1 ln t thu: t1 = 0,5.
+ 1 ln t m: m1 = 1.
+ 1 lu lng k: l1 = 0 (khng ng k).
78

GVHD: V B Minh

Suy ra: 1 = u1 + v1 + t 1+ m1 + l1 = 42,5.
20
0,4342
Vy:Tn tht ng ng dn: h1= 0,0345.
= 0,54 (m).
42,5 .
0,05
2.9,81
b . Tn tht ng ng dn trong thit b trao i nhit:
v2 2
l2
h2 2 . 2 .
d2
2.g
(m).

+ l2 : chiu di ng ng dn, l2 = 11 (m).
+ d2 : ng knh ng dn, d2 = 0,021(m).
+ v2 : vn tc dng nhp liu trong ng dn, v2 = 1,26(m/s).
* Xc nh 2 :
Chun s Reynolds ca dng nhp liu:(xem li mc IV.I.4)
Re2= 32320,9
8
21 7
d 7
+ Chun s Reynolds ti hn: Regh2= 6. 2 = 6. =2704,68.

0,1
9
21 8
d 8
Ren2= 220. 2 = 220. =90140,38.

0,1
Suy ra: Regh2 < Re2 < Ren2: khu vc chy qu , khi (ti liu tham kho [4
(tp 1)]):
100
2= 0,1.1,46.
d 2 Re 2
0 , 25
0,0334
* Xc nh 2:
+ 9 ch ng cong quay ngc: q2=9.2,2 = 19,8.
+ 1 ch un cong: u2= 1,1.
+ 1 ln co hp: c2 = 0,385.
79

GVHD: V B Minh
0,0212
+ 1 ln m rng: m2 = 1
0,05 2
0,6783 .
Suy ra: 2 = u2 + q2 + c2+ m 2 =21,963.

Vy:Tn tht ng ng dn trong thit b trao i nhit:
11
1,262
h2= 0,0334.
= 3,193 (m).
21,963.
0,021
2.9,81
c . Tn tht ng ng dn trong thit b gia nhit nhp liu:
v3 2
l3
h3 3 . 3 .
d3
2.g
(m).

+ l3 : chiu di ng ng dn, l3 = 20(m).
+ d3 : ng knh ng dn, d3 = 0,021(m).
+ v3 : vn tc dng nhp liu trong ng dn, v3 = 1,2825(m/s).
* Xc nh 3 :
Chun s Reynolds ca dng nhp liu:(xem li mc IV.I.5)
Re3= 32898,059
8
21 7
d 7
+ Chun s Reynolds ti hn: Regh3= 6. 3 = 6. =2704,68.

0,1
9
21 8
d 8
Ren3= 220. 3 = 220. =90140,38.

0,1
Suy ra: Regh3 < Re3 < Ren3: khu vc chy qu , khi (ti liu tham kho [4
(tp 1)]):
100
3= 0,1.1,46.
d 3 Re 3
0 , 25
0,0319
* Xc nh 3:
80

GVHD: V B Minh

+ 9 ch ng cong quay ngc: q3=9.2,2 = 19,8.
+ 1 ch un cong: u3= 1,1.
+ 1 ln co hp: c2 = 0,385.
0,0212
+ 1 ln m rng: m2 = 1
0,05 2
0,6783 .
Suy ra: 3 = u3 + q3 + c3+ m 3 =21,963.

Vy:Tn tht ng ng dn trong thit b gia nhit:
20
1,28252
h3= 0,0319.
=4,388(m).
21,963.
0,021
2.9,81
Chn : + Mt ct (1-1) l mt thong cht lng trong bn cao v.
+ Mt ct (2-2) l mt ct ti v tr nhp liu thp.
p dng phng trnh Bernolli cho (1-1) v (2-2):
2
2
P1
P2
v1
v2
z1 +
+
= z2 +
+
+hf1-2
F .g
F .g
2. g
2. g
P P1 v2 v1
hay z1 = z2 + 2
+hf1-2
F .g
2.g
2
Vi: + z1: cao mt thong (1-1) so vi mt t, hay xem nh l chiu cao bn cao v
Hcv = z1.
+ z2: cao mt thong (2-2) so vi mt t, hay xem nh l chiu cao t v tr
nhp liu ti mt t:
z2 = hchn + hnp + (Nchng+1) .(h + mm )
= 0,145 + 0,215 + 11.(0,3 + 0,003) = 3,693 (m).
+ P1 : p sut ti mt thong (1-1), chn P1 = 1 at.
+ P2 : p sut ti mt thong (2-2).
Xem P=P2 P1 =Nct .htl = 42 . 419,25 = 17608,5 (N/m2).
+ v1 : vn tc ti mt thong (1-1), xem v1 = 0(m/s).
+ v1 : vn tc ti v tr nhp liu, v1 = vF = 0,217 (m/s).
+ hf1-2 : tng tn tht trong ng t (1-1) n (2-2):
hf1-2 = h1 + h2 + h3 = 0,54 + 3,193 + 4,388 = 8,121 (m).
81

GVHD: V B Minh
P2 P1 v2 v1
+hf1-2
F .g
2.g
2
Vy: Chiu cao bn cao v: Hcv = z2 +
=3,693 +
17608 ,5
0,217 2 0
+ 8,121
947 ,513 .9,81
2.9,81
= 13,71 (m).
Chn Hcv = 14(m).
2.2 Chn bm:
Lu lng nhp liu: VF =
GF
2910 ,025
3,071 (m3/h).
947 ,513
Chn bm c nng sut l Qb = 4 (m3/h).ng knh ng ht, ng y bng nhau v

bng 21(mm),ngha l chn ng 25x2.
nhit trung bnh tF = 28 oC:
+ Khi lng ring: F = 964,2 (Kg/m3).
+ nht ng lc: F = 1,772.10-3 (N.s/m2).
Vn tc dng nhp liu trong ng ht v y:
vh = vd =
4.Qb
3600 . .d h
4.4
= 3,208 (m/s).
3600 . ,0,021 2
Tng tr lc trong ng ht v ng y:
l l
v 2
hhd = . h d h d . h
dh
2.g
Vi: + lh : chiu di ng ht, chn lh = 2,5 (m).

+ ld : chiu di ng y, chn ld = 15,5 (m).
+ h : tng tn tht cc b trong ng ht.
+ d : tng tn tht cc b trong ng y.
+ : h s ma st trong ng ht v ng y.
* Xc nh :
Chun s Reynolds ca dng nhp liu:
Re=
vh .d h . F
3,208 .0,021 .964 ,2

= 36657
1,772 .10 3
82

GVHD: V B Minh

8
21 7
d 7
+ Chun s Reynolds ti hn: Regh= 6. h = 6. =2704,68.

0,1
9
21 8
d 8
Ren= 220. h = 220. =90140,38.

0,1
Suy ra: Regh < Re < Ren: khu vc chy qu , khi [4 (tp 1)]:
100
= 0,1.1,46.
d h Re
0, 25
0,162
* Xc nh h:
H s tn tht cc b trong ng ht qua:
+ 1 van cu: vh= 10.
+ 1 ln vo ming thu nh: t = 5.
Suy ra: h = vh =10.
* Xc nh d:
H s tn tht cc b trong ng y qua:
+ 1 van cu: vd= 10.
+ 2 ln un gc: u =2.1,1 = 2,2.
Suy ra: h = vd + u =12,2.
Vy:Tn tht trong ng ht v ng y:
2,5 15,5
3,2082
hhd = 0,034.
= 26,93(m).
10 12,2 .
0,021
2.9,81
Chn : + Mt ct (1-1) l mt thong cht lng trong bn cha nguyn liu.
+ Mt ct (2-2) l mt thong cht lng trong bn cao v.
p dng phng trnh Bernolli cho (1-1) v (2-2):
2
2
P1
P2
v1
v2
z1 +
+
+ Hb= z2 +
+
+hf1-2
F .g
F .g
2. g
2. g
Vi: + z1: cao mt thong (1-1) so vi mt t.

+ z2: cao mt thong (2-2) so vi mt t.
83

GVHD: V B Minh

+ v1,v2 : vn tc ti mt thong (1-1) v(2-2), xem v1=v2= 0(m/s).
+ hf1-2 =hhd: tng tn tht trong ng t (1-1) n (2-2).
+ Hb : ct p ca bm.
Suy ra: Hb = (z2 z1) + hhd = Hcv + hhd = 15 + 26,93 =41,93 (m.cht lng)
Chn hiu sut ca bm: b = 0,8.
Cng sut thc t ca bm: Nb =
Qb H b F .g 4.41,93 .964 ,2.9,81
3600 . b
3600 .0,8
= 550,84 (W) = 0,74 (hp).

Tm li: m bo thp hot ng lin tc ta chn 2 bm li tm loi XM v Qb = 4
(m3/h) v ru l cht khng c hi.
84

GVHD: V B Minh
CHNG VI: GI THNH THIT B.

1.
Tnh s b gi thnh thit b:

Lng thp X18H10T cn dng:
G1 = 328.8+627.096+36.024+231.189+104.978+43.253= 1371.34 (Kg).
Lng thp CT3 cn dng:
G2 = Gbch ghp thn + ng dn= 137.287 (Kg).
S lng bulng cn mua:
n = 832 (bulng).
Th tch vt liu cch nhit cn dng:
V = 0,327(m3).
Chiu di ng dn:
* ng 25mm: L1= Lb +LTBTN +LTBGN +Lni un +LTBnt +LTBln
= 18+ 20 + 20 + 91.2,8 + 117.2 + 20.2 ~587(m).
* ng (31-50)mm: L2= Ldn + LTBGN +LTBTN +l1 = 40 +20 +20 +20
= 100(m)
* ng 100mm: chn ng dn hi nh v y thp: L3 = 10(m).
Knh quan st: ng knh l:100(mm), dy 5(mm).
S = 2.
0,12 = 0,0157(m2).
4
B phn ni cong ng:

Nhng ch quay ngc ng ta dng 2 b phn ni ng cong 90o.
* Ni ng 25mm: 11.2 + 1 + 2.2 = 27 (ci).
* Ni ng (31-50)mm: 10 + 11.2 + 1 = 33 (ci).
Vy: s tin mua vt t ch to thit b l 91.689.774 (ng).
Tin gia cng ch to thit b(gia cng phc tp, chnh xc cao) bng 500% tin
vt t: 500% x 91.689.774 = 458.448.870 (ng).
Tm li: Chi ph u t: 458.448.870 (ng). Tng chi phi u t (bao gm chi ph
pht sinh) c chn l 500 (triu ng).
85

GVHD: V B Minh
Vt liu
S lng
n ga
Thp X18H10T
1371.34 (kg)
50000 (/kg)
68567000
Thp CT3
137.287 (kg)
10000 (/kg)
1372870
Bulng
832 (bulng)
3000(/bulng)
2496000
Vt liu cch nhit
0,327 (m3)
4000000 (/m3)
1308000
ng dn 25mm
587 (m)
15000 (/m)
8805000
ng dn (31-50)mm
100 (m)
20000 (/m)
2000000
ng dn 100mm
10 (m)
40000 (/m)
400000
B phn ni 25mm
27 (ci)
30000 (/ci)
810000
B phn ni (31-50)mm
33 (ci)
50000 (/ci)
1650000
Bm
2.0,148 (hp)
700000 (/hp)
89600
p k t ng
1 (ci)
600000 (/ci)
600000
Nhit k in tr t ghi
5 (ci)
200000 (ci)
1000000
Lu lng k (<50mm)
2 (ci)
1000000(/ci)
2000000
Knh quan st dy 5mm
6.0,0157 (m2)
120000 (/m2)
11304
Van thp 25mm
5 (ci)
20000 (/ci)
100000
Van thp (31-50)mm
8 (ci)
30000 (/ci)
240000
Racco ni ng
8 (ci)
30000 (/ci)
240000
Tng cng
Thnh tin
91.689.774
86

GVHD: V B Minh
CHNG VII: KT LUN.

Cc vn v thit k:
+ Thit k c thp chng ct Etanol Nc tng i hon chnh khi bit trc
nng sut, nng nhp liu v nng ca sn phm nh,y.
+ Tnh ton tng i chi tit qu trnh lm vic ca thit b v kh nng chu bn
ca thit b v tnh n mn c hc v ho hc, cng nh iu kin lm vic ca thit b.
+ S b tnh c chi ph u t ban u cho thp chng ct.
c tnh k thut ca thit b chng ct thit k ng vi cc thng s cho ban
u:
+ T s hon lu thch hp: R = 1,366.
+ S mm chng ct thc t: 36 mm.
+ ng knh thp chng ct: 1000 mm.
+ ng knh chp: 80 mm.
+ B dy mm: 3 mm.
+ Tr lc ca ton thp: 12536,671 (N/m2)
+ Khong cch gia hai mm: 300 mm.
+ Chiu cao thp: 12 m.
+ Thn y np lm bng thp X18H10T, c b dy: 4 mm.
+ Bch ghp thn y np lm bng thp CT3, loi bch lin khng c.
+ Bch ghp ng dn lm bng thp CT3, loi bch lin khng c.
87

GVHD: V B Minh
TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] . V Vn Ban, V B Minh Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho hc, truyn khi(tp 3)
Trng i Hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM.
[2] . Phm Vn Bn, V B Minh, Hong Minh Nam Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho hc,
V d v bi tp(tp 10) - Trng i Hc Bch Khoa TP.HCM.
[3] . Phm Vn Bn, Nguyn nh Th - Qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho hc, Qu trnh v
thit b truyn nhit(tp 5) Nh xut bn i Hc Quc Gia TP.HCM.
[4] . S tay qu trnh v thit b cng ngh ho cht (tp 1, 2) Nh xut bn khoa hc v k
thut.
[5] . H L Vin Thit k v tnh ton cc chi tit thit b ho cht Nh xut bn khoa hc v
k thut H Ni 1978.
[6] . Tp th ging vin B Mn C Lu Cht Gio Trnh C Lu Cht Trng i Hc
Bch Khoa TP.HCM.
88

GVHD: V B Minh
89

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Thit k thp mm chp chng ct ethanol-nc

SVTH: T Th Thanh Loan

Thit k thp mm chp chng ct ethanol-nc

SVTH: T Th Thanh Loan

Tnh cn bng vt cht.............................................................................................. 12

Tnh cn bng nng lng ........................................................................................ 17

CHNG III :TNH TON THIT K THP CHNG CT ..................................... 20

Tnh ng knh thp chng ct............................................................................... 20

Tnh chiu cao thp .................................................................................................. 26

Tnh ton chp v ng chy chuyn. ........................................................................ 26

Tnh tr lc thp ....................................................................................................... 31

CHNG IV : TNH TON C KH CA THP .......................................................... 36

Thit k thp mm chp chng ct ethanol-nc

SVTH: T Th Thanh Loan

CHNG VI : GI THNH THIT B ............................................................................. 85

Thit k thp mm chp chng ct ethanol-nc

SVTH: T Th Thanh Loan

Thit k thp mm chp chng ct ethanol-nc

SVTH: T Th Thanh Loan

CHNG I : TNG QUAN

Hnh 1: Cu trc phn t Etanol

SVTH: T Th Thanh Loan

Thit k thp mm chp chng ct ethanol-nc

100 90,5 86,5 83,2 81,7 80,8

78,6 78,4 78,4

SVTH: T Th Thanh Loan

Thit k thp mm chp chng ct ethanol-nc

Hnh 3: th cn bng lng-hi h Etanol-Nc

Thit k thp mm chp chng ct ethanol-nc

SVTH: T Th Thanh Loan

Phng php cp nhit y thp:

Thit b trao nhit dng m chm.

Ni un t ngoi. Cht ti nhit nng i trong ng, hi i vo thp cn

Thit b trao i nhit t ng. Cht ti nhit i ngoi ng, bc hi

Thit b trao i nhit nhn dng lng t mm y v n ch bc hi

Thit k thp mm chp chng ct ethanol-nc

SVTH: T Th Thanh Loan

Vy: i vi h Etanol Nc, ta chn phng php chng ct lin tc cp

- Hiu sut thp.

n ny s dng thp mm chp chng ct hn hp Etanol-Nc .

Thit k thp mm chp chng ct ethanol-nc

SVTH: T Th Thanh Loan

Trong trng hp ny, ta khng th s dng phng php c c v cc cu t u c

Thit k thp mm chp chng ct ethanol-nc

SVTH: T Th Thanh Loan

SVTH: T Th Thanh Loan

Thit k thp mm chp chng ct ethanol-nc

CHNG II :TNH CN BNG VT CHT NNG LNG

Tnh cn bng vt cht

1.1 Cc thng s ban u :

0,3 m3 ethanol nguyn cht c khi lng 721,97 kg.

0,7 m3 nc nguyn cht c khi lng 79,77 kg.

Trong 801,74 kg hn hp ethanol nc nhp liu c 721,97 kg ethanol +79,77 kg

Phn mol ethanol trong dng sn phm nh:

Khi lng ring trung bnh ca dng sn phm nh:

SVTH: T Th Thanh Loan

Thit k thp mm chp chng ct ethanol-nc

Sut lng sn phm nh tnh theo kmol/h:

Tnh ton dng nhp liu:

0,3 m3 ethanol nguyn cht c khi lng 235,425 kg.

0,7 m3 nc nguyn cht c khi lng 697,956 kg.

Trong 933,381 kg hn hp ethanol nc nhp liu c 235,425 kg ethanol + 697,956 kg

Phn mol ethanol trong dng nhp liu: