Chemistry 4541/3 May 2007 Answer all questions Jawab semua soalan.

The time suggested to complete Questions 1 and Question 2 is 45 minutes. Masa yang dicadangkan untuk melengkapkan soalan 1 dan 2 ialah 45 minit. 1. A student carried out an experiment to determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. The steps and set-up of apparatus of the experiment are shown in figure 1. Step 1. Crucible and lid are weighed Mangkuk pijar dan penutup ditimbang Set-up apparatus

2. Crucible, lid and magnesium ribbon are weighed Mangkuk pijar,penutup dan pita magnesium ditimbang.

3. Magnesium ribbon is heated until the reaction is complete Pita magnesium dipanaskan sehingga tindak balas selesai.

4. Crucible, lid and magnesium oxide are weighed when cooled Mangkuk pijar, penutup dan magnesium oksida ditimbang apabila telah sejuk.

Chemistry 4541/3 May 2007 (a) Complete the following table by stating the observations and related inferences in the experiment. Observations (i) (i) Inferences

(ii)

(ii)

(b) Record the reading to two decimal places for : Rekodkan bacaan kepada dua titik perpuluhan: The mass of crucible and lid : ______________________ g The mass of crucible, lid and magnesium ribbon : ______________________ g The mass of crucible, lid and magnesium oxide when cooled ______________________ g

( c) (i) What is the mass of magnesium that has been used ? Berapakah jisim magnesium yang telah digunakan ?

(ii) What is the mass of oxygen which reacted with magnesium ? Berapakah jisim oksigen yang telah bertindak alas dengan magnesium?

Chemistry 4541/3 May 2007 (ii) Determine the empirical formula of magnesium oxide. (Relative atomic mass: Mg, 24 ; O, 16 ) Tentukan formula empiric bagi imagnesium oksida.

(iv) Based on your answer in (c )(iii), how many moles of magnesium and oxygen atoms have reacted Berdasarkan jawapan anda di ( c)(iii), berapakah bilangan mol atom magnesium dan bilangan mol atom oksigen yang telah bertindak balas.

Chemistry 4541/3 May 2007 2. An experiment is carried out to determine the freezing point of naphthalene. Solid naphthalene is heated in a water bath until it melts completely. The initial temperature is recorded. Then molten naphthalene is left to cool. The reading of the temperature is recorded every 30 seconds. Figure 2 shows the recorded thermometer readings at 30 seconds intervals. Satu eksperimen dijalankan untuk menentukan takat beku naftalena. Pepejal naftalena dipanaskan di dalam kukus air sehingga melebur dengan lengkap. Suhu awal direkodkan. Leburan naftalena dibiarkan menyejuk. Bacaan suhu direkodkan setiap 30 saat. Rajah 2 menunjukkan bacaan thermometer yang direkodkan pada sela masa 30 saat.

Chemistry 4541/3 May 2007 (a) Record the temperature in the spaces provided in Figure 2. (b) On the graph paper,draw the graph of temperature against time for the cooling of naphthalene. (c ) Use the graph in (b), to determine the freezing point of naphthalene. Show on the graph how you determine the freezing point. (d) The temperature of naphthalene did not change from the 90 second until 50 second during the cooling process. Explain why. _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ (e) Sketch the curve you would expect if the molten naphthalene is cooled quickly.

3. The melting point of a substance is lowered by the presence of impurities. Using naphthalene and a mixture of naphthalene with some acetamide , describe an experiment to prove the above statement. Your answer should include the following items. Takat lebur suatu bahan akan berkurangan degan kehadiran bendasing. Dengan menggunakan naftalena dan campuran naftalena dan asetamida,tentukan eksperimen untuk menunjukkan pernyataan tersebut. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) Aim of experiment / Tujuan eksperimen Hypothesis / Hipotesis List of apparatus and materials used / senarai alat radas dan bahan Procedure of experiment / Kaedah eksperimen Tabulation of results / Jadual keputusan