Tiu lun mn hc

in t cng sut

LI NI U
Hin nay rt nhiu thit b bin i cng sut c xut phc v nhng yu cu ngy cng cao ca cuc sng. in t cng sut gip cho vic s dng in nng mt cch hiu qu, cc linh kin in t cng sut c s dng trong qu trnh bin i cng nh iu khin cng sut: hiu qu cao v tn hao thp trong l cao tn, truyn ti in DC. Cc thit b in t cng sut mi hin nay c ci tin pht trin nng cao hiu sut hn na vic s dng nng lng. in t cng sut ng vai tr quan trng trong cc m hnh cng ngh v c thit k iu khin nng lng. Dng in in p v c tnh ng ngt ca cc linh kin bn dn lin tc c hon thin, phm vi ng dng ngy cng c m rng nh trong chiu sng, b ngun, iu khin ng c, t ng ha cng nghip, giao thng, lu tr nng lng, truyn ti in i xa. Hiu sut cao v c im iu khin cht ch gip cho in t cng sut c li th hn nhiu trong iu khin ng c so vi cc h thng iu khin c in v in t trc y. Ngoi ra in t cng sut cn c ng dng trong truyn ti in DC, trm bin i cng sut, trong truyn ti s dng bin i DC/AC, b lc tch cc, bin i tn s Sau 1 thi gian hc tp mn in t cng sut, di s ging dy nhit tnh ca thy gio PGS.TS Ng Din Tp, em cng nhn thy tm quan trng ca mn hc v nhng ng dng ca in t cng sut trong thc t. Nay em c giao lm ti tiu lun:K thut m phng trong in t cng sut. y em s dng MATLAB l cng c m phng nhm gip cc bn sinh vin c ci nhn tng quan v MATLAB v bit cch dng Simulink m phng 1 mch in trong in t cng sut. Do thi gian chun b c hn v kin thc v mn hc ca em cn nhiu hn ch nn chc chn khng th trnh c thiu st. Em mong nhn c nhng ch dn ca thy ti ca em hon thin hn.Em xin chn thnh cm n! GVHD:PGS.TS Ng Din Tp Sinh vin:L c Ti-Lp K52M -1-

Tiu lun mn hc

in t cng sut

MC LC

Li ni u....1 Mc lc..2 I. Gii thiu v MATLAB...3 II. Lm th no m phng.4 1. Vi nt v SIMULINK....5 2. Cc bc m phng.5 Mt s th d m phng dng Simulink trong in t cng sut...15 1. Chnh lu hnh tia 3 pha...15 2. Chnh lu cu 3 pha..19 Kt lun...21 Ti liu tham kho..21

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Sinh vin:L c Ti-Lp K52M -2-

Tiu lun mn hc I. Gii thiu v MATLAB:

in t cng sut

MATLAB l 1 b chng trnh phn mm ln trong lnh vc ton s. Tn b chng trnh chnh l vit tt ca ch Matrix v Laboratory, th hin nh hng chnh l cc php tnh vecto v ma trn. Phn ct li ca chng trnh l cc hm ton, cc chc nng nhp/xut cng nh cc kh nng iu khin chu trnh m nh ta c th dng ln cc Scripts. C th coi Matlab l ngn ng ca k thut. N tch hp cc cng c rt mnh phc v tnh ton, lp trnh, thit k, m phng,... trong mt mi trng rt d s dng trong cc bi ton v cc li gii c biu din theo cc k hiu ton hc quen thuc. Cc ng dng in hnh l: Ton hc v tnh ton. Pht trin thut ton. To m hnh, m phng v to giao thc. Kho st, phn tch s liu. ho khoa hc k thut. Pht trin ng dng, gm c xy dng giao din ngi dng ho GUI. Trong MATLAB c cc Toolbox vi phm vi chc nng chuyn dng m ngi s dng cn. C 1 s Toolbox lin quan n iu khin-T ng nh : Control System Tool, Signal Processing Toolbox, Power System Blockset v SimulinkH thng MATLAB gm 5 phn chnh: Ngn ng Matlab: l mt ngn ng ma trn/mng cp cao vi cc cu lnh, hm, cu trc d liu, vo/ra, cc tnh nng lp trnh hng i tng. N cho php lp trnh cc ng dng t nh n cc ng dng ln v phc tp. Mi trng lm vic Matlab: y l mt b cc cng c v phng tin m bn s dng vi t cch l ngi dng hoc ngi lp trnh Matlab. N bao gm cc phng tin cho vic qun l cc bin trong khng gian lm vic Workspace cng GVHD:PGS.TS Ng Din Tp Sinh vin:L c Ti-Lp K52M -3-

Tiu lun mn hc in t cng sut nh xut nhp khu d liu. N cng bao gm cc cng c pht trin, qun l, g ri v nh hnh M-file, ng dng ca Matlab. X l ho: y l h thng ho ca Matlab. N bao gm cc lnh cao cp cho trc quan ho d liu hai chiu v ba chiu, x l nh, nh ng,... N cng cung cp cc lnh cp thp cho php bn tu bin giao din ho cng nh xy dng mt giao din ho hon chnh cho ng dng Matlab ca mnh. Th vin ton hc Matlab: y l tp hp khng l cc thut ton tnh ton t cc hm c bn nh cng, sin, cos, s hc phc... ti cc hm phc tp hn nh nghch o ma trn, tm tr ring ca ma trn, php bin i Fourier nhanh. Giao din chng trnh ng dng Matlab tng thch vi Matlab. Simulink l 1 Toolbox c vai tr c bit quan trng : Vai tr ca 1 cng c mnh phc v m hnh ha v m phng cc h thng k thut-Vt l trn c s s cu trc dng khi. Trong a ra m hnh cc phn t bn dn nh: Transistor, iot, TiristorBng cch ghp ni tng phn t, tng m hnh theo 1 s c th no , ta c th thit lp c 1 mch in t cng sut nh mun . V d nh mch mch chnh lu cu, mch bm xungNgoi ra cn c 1 s cc phn t mch in cn thit v thng dng khc trong cc th mc: Elements, Electrical Sources Ghp ni n vi cc mch bit trc ta c th tin hnh nghin cu cc thit b theo quan im h thng hon chnh. Nhn chung y l phn mm thun tin nghin cu h thng t ng di dng cc khi chc nng nhng tc tnh ton khi c cc phn t in t cng sut thng chm hn nhiu so vi bnh thng, i khi b mt thng tin khi thi gian kho st ln. II.Lm th no m phng: Trong MATLAB ta s dng cng c SIMULINK m phng. GVHD:PGS.TS Ng Din Tp Sinh vin:L c Ti-Lp K52M -4API (Application Program Interface): y l mt th vin cho php bn vit cc chng trnh C v Fortran

Tiu lun mn hc in t cng sut 1. Vi nt v SIMULINK : SIMULINK l gi phn mm xy dng m hnh v m phng. tnh ton phn tch h thng h thng ng, n cho php m t h thng tuyn tnh, h thng phi tuyn, cc m hnh trong thi gian lin tc hay gin on. SIMULINK cung cp mt giao din ha(GUI) cho vic xy dng m hnh nh l cc khi(block diagram), ngi dng ch cn kch chut v drag(chn khi ri gi nguyn chut tri v ko chut n v tr cn t).Vi giao din giao tip nh th, bn c th v m hnh d dng. Th vin SIMULINK gm cc khi th vin nh sink, sourcesbn cng c th to ra cc khi cho ring mnh(vit trong S-function).Xy dng m hnh t trn xung di hay t di ln trn xem k cc khi trong th vin cc khi sources hay sinkbn kch p chut vo khi . Sau khi nh ngha m hnh bn c th m phng m hnh , dng scope xem biu din m hnh , nh 1 khi pht hnh sin, u ra ca khi c mc vi mt scope th hin kt qu ca khi . 2. a. Cc bc m phng: Th vin Simulink v mi trng lm vic(ni xy dng m hnh): Khi ng MATLAB. Click vo icon ca Simulink trn MATLAB toolbar hay nh lnh Simulink trong ca s MATLAB.

bt u vo vng lm vic ca Simulink, ta lm theo cc bc:

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Sinh vin:L c Ti-Lp K52M -5-

Tiu lun mn hc

in t cng sut

Trn mn hnh s xut hin thm 1 ca s mi, ca s ny cha ton b d liu th vin ca Simulink( y ta ly v d trong SimPowerSystem), n c th di chuyn c bng chut nh sau:

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Sinh vin:L c Ti-Lp K52M -6-

Tiu lun mn hc in t cng sut Ta c th thy trong SimPowerSystem c cc th vin nh connectors, elements, power electronicskhi kch p vo cc th vin ny ta s c cc khi con, v d khi ta vo th vin connectors:

Ta c 1 s khi con nh:Diode, Gto, Thyristor b. To mi trng lm vic:

T ca s Library Brower(xem hnh di)ta kch chut vo file danh sch cc mc New, Open, Preferences xut hin. to mi trng lm vic (vng v m hnh)

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Sinh vin:L c Ti-Lp K52M -7-

Tiu lun mn hc

in t cng sut

Ta chn mc New ri Model, mt ca s lm vic xut hin:

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Sinh vin:L c Ti-Lp K52M -8-

Tiu lun mn hc

in t cng sut

c.

t tn cho m hnh bng cch vo file v save as:

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Sinh vin:L c Ti-Lp K52M -9-

Tiu lun mn hc

in t cng sut

d.

Chn linh kin v hiu chnh cc thng s ca chng: Sau khi to mi Sinh vin:L c Ti-Lp K52M - 10 -

trng lm vic mi(cc bc trn)tip n chn cc linh kin l cc khi con trong GVHD:PGS.TS Ng Din Tp

Tiu lun mn hc in t cng sut cc th vin, ko chng sang vng lm vic, kch p v chng ta s c 1 bng hiu chnh thng s, sau ni cc khu vi nhau c cc mi tn, dng chut ni cc mi tn li . e. f. g. Chy chng trnh: Trn thanh cng c chn mc Simulation v chn Start Dng chng trnh: Mun dng qu trnh ang m phng ta kch vo nt Xem kt qu m phng: xem kt qu ca qu trnh ta kch p vo hoc nhp vo nt hnh tam gic. hnh vung cnh nt tam gic(nt ny ch xut hin khi m phng) Scope v s c kt qu. Ngoi cc bc chnh trn ta cn c 1 s bc ph khc nh sau: Chn nhiu i tng: Ta c th chn nhiu i tng cng lc bng cch dng phm Shift v chut hay v mt ng bao quanh cc i tng bng cch bm chut ko thnh hnh ch nht v th khi hnh ch nht bao ly cc i tng cn chn. Copy cc khi t mt ca s sang mt ca s khc: Khi xy dng mt m hnh ta thng phi copy cc khi t th vin khi ca Simulink sang ca s m hnh. lm vic ny ta theo cc bc sau: M ca s th vin khi. Ko khi ta mun dng t ca s th vin vo ca s m hnh v th. Ta c th copy cc khi bng cch dng lnh Copy & Paste trong menu Edit qua cc bc sau : Chn khi ta mun copy. Chn Copy t menu Edit. Lm cho ca s cn copy ti hot ng. Chn Paste t menu Edit. Deleting Blocks: Mun xo mt hay nhiu khi ta chn khi v nhn phm Del. GVHD:PGS.TS Ng Din Tp Sinh vin:L c Ti-Lp K52M - 11 -

Tiu lun mn hc mun ri th. vo menu Format ri : Chn Flip Block quay khi 180o. Chn Rotate Block quay khi 90o.

in t cng sut Thay i hng ca khi: Ta c th xoay hng ca khi bng

nh li kch thc ca khi: thay i kch thc ca khi ta

a con tr chut vo mt gc ca khi ri bm v ko cho n kch thc mong Ta xt v d n gin sau: Xy dng m hnh sng hnh sin nh trn ca s lm vic sau:

Cc bc lm: Sau khi to mi trng lm vic mi(nh trn ni), ta chn hm sin wave trong th vin sources:

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Sinh vin:L c Ti-Lp K52M - 12 -

Tiu lun mn hc

in t cng sut

Dng chut kch vo hm sin wave v ko sang vng lm vic, lm tng t scope trong th vin sink, dng chut ni cc mi tn li. Kch i chut ln cc khi thay i cc thng s lm vic ca cc khi.V d vi hm Sin wave:

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Sinh vin:L c Ti-Lp K52M - 13 -

Tiu lun mn hc

in t cng sut

M phng kt qu: a. Trn thanh cng c chn mc Simulation v chn Start

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Sinh vin:L c Ti-Lp K52M - 14 -

Tiu lun mn hc

in t cng sut

Hoc nhp vo nt hnh tam gic: GVHD:PGS.TS Ng Din Tp Sinh vin:L c Ti-Lp K52M - 15 -

Tiu lun mn hc

in t cng sut

b. Mun dng qu trnh ta kch vo nt hnh vung cnh nt tam gic. c. Ta kch p vo scope xem kt qu:

GVHD:PGS.TS Ng Din Tp

Sinh vin:L c Ti-Lp K52M - 16 -

Tiu lun mn hc in t cng sut III. Mt s th d m phng dng Simulink trong in t cng sut: 1. Chnh lu hnh tia 3 pha: Cc linh kin bao gm: 3 it c ly trong th vin Power Electronics. 4 in tr ly trong khi Series RLC Branch th vin Element bng cch kch p vo khi Series RLC v chnh thng s nh hnh v:

3 Ngun in xoay chiu ly trong th vin Electrical sources vi 4 b Voltage measurement trong th vin Measurement. 1 Scope vi cc thng s:

cc thng s ln lt bin , lch pha, tn s nh hnh m phng.

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Sinh vin:L c Ti-Lp K52M - 17 -

Tiu lun mn hc

in t cng sut

s:

1 b gp knh Mux trong th vin Signal routing vi cc thng

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Sinh vin:L c Ti-Lp K52M - 18 -

Tiu lun mn hc

in t cng sut

1 Bus bar trong th vin Connectors dng ni cc m ca 3 dng

xoay chiu vi cc thng s:

V 1 Bus bar dng ni 3 Katot ca 3 iot vi cc thng s:

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Sinh vin:L c Ti-Lp K52M - 19 -

Tiu lun mn hc

in t cng sut

Sau khi chn xong cc linh kin v hiu chnh cc thng s ca chng, ta c mch m phng nh sau:

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Sinh vin:L c Ti-Lp K52M - 20 -

Tiu lun mn hc

in t cng sut

Cui cng nhn t hp phm Ctrl+T hay nt hnh tam gic ta c kt qu m phng sau:

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Sinh vin:L c Ti-Lp K52M - 21 -

Tiu lun mn hc

in t cng sut

Chnh lu cu 3 pha: Cc linh kin gm: 6 iot, 3 ngun xoay

chiu, 1 in tr, 4 Voltage measurement, 1 Mux, 1 Bus bar ni cc m 3 ngun xoay chiu, 1 Bus bar ni katot ca 3 iot v 1 Scope. Cch ly cc linh kin trong cc th vin v cachs hiu chnh cc thng s ca chng c lm nh phn chnh lu hnh tia 3 pha. Ta c mch m phng sau:

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Sinh vin:L c Ti-Lp K52M - 22 -

Tiu lun mn hc

in t cng sut

V ta c kt qu m phng mch trn nh sau:

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Sinh vin:L c Ti-Lp K52M - 23 -

Tiu lun mn hc

in t cng sut

KT LUN
1. Chnh lu hnh tia 3 pha c c im tng t nh chnh lu hnh tia 2 pha. mch hot ng cn c bin p a im trung tnh N ra ti. V mch dng ngun 3 pha nn cng sut c th tng ln nhiu, dng in ti n vi trm Ampe. 2. So snh gi tr Ud trong trng hp chnh lu cu 3 pha hnh tia vi chnh lu hnh tia 3 pha ta thy n c tr s gp 2 ln. iu ny c th thy theo s , s hnh cu 3 pha ging nh 2 s hnh tia mc ni tip nhau, nhm it l chnh lu ly in p dng, nhm it chn chnh lu ly nt phn in p m cn li.

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Sinh vin:L c Ti-Lp K52M - 24 -

Tiu lun mn hc

in t cng sut

TI LIU THAM KHO

in t cng sut:V Minh Chnh, Phm Quc Hi, Trn Trng Minh. MATLAB v Simulink dnh cho k s iu khin t ng:Nguyn Phng Quang. MATLAB: PGS.TS Nguyn Tng Cng.

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Sinh vin:L c Ti-Lp K52M - 25 -