EXNO:

MEASUREMENT OF MEDIUM RESISTANCE USING WHEATSTONE BRIDGE

AIM: To measure the value of unknown resistance using Wheatstone bridge. APPARATUS REQUIRED: SNO 1 2 3. 4. 5. APPARATUS Wheatstone bridge kit RPS Multimeter DRB CRO RANGE (0-30)V QUANTITY

THEORY: A very important device used in the measurement of medium resistances is the wheatstones bridge. It is still an accurate and reliable instrument and is extensively used in industry. The wheatstones bridge is an instrument for making comparison measurement and operates upon null indicating principle. This means the indication is independent of the calibration of the null indicating instrument or any of the characteristics. For this reason very high degree of accuracy can be achieved. It has four resistive arms consisting of resistance P,Q,R & S together with the source of emf and null detector usually a galvanometer. The bridge is said to be balanced when the potential difference between the galvanometer is zero. This occurs when the voltage from point D to C equals the voltage from point B to C.

FORMULA: For balanced bridge I1P=I2R I1=I3=E/(P+Q) where E= emf of battery I2=I4=E/(R+S) P/Q=R/S

R=S(P/Q)

PROCEDURE: 1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram. 2. The value of resistance P&Q are chosen such that the multiplier value may be 1, 10, 0.1 and 100 (i.e) P/Q ratio may be equal to 1, 10, 0.1, 100. 3. The values of R is set, at the particular value using DRB and supply volta.e is kept at 5V using RPS. 4. The output DC voltage is obtained in CRO. 5. Value of resistance is varied in DRB so that the output DC voltage reaches zero at some value. 6. The output voltage reaches zero at particular of S. The resistance at which the output voltage is zero is noted. 7. The above steps are repeated for different P/Q values. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

TABULATION:
SNO MULTIPLIER ARM 1 P () ARM 2 Q () ARM 4 S () OBSERVED () ACTUAL () %ERROR

MODEL CALCULATION:

RESULT: