Cisco 802.11n Speeds

Understanding high speed 802.
11n wireless networks in depth
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Agenda
802.11n Technology Fundamentals 802.11n Access Points
1140 and 1250
Design and Deployment

Planning and Design for 802.11n in Unified Environment Key Steps for Configuration of 11n in a Unified Environment 11n Client Adapters 11n Troubleshooting
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802.11n Advantages
Throughput
Reliability
Predictability
Increased Bandwidth for emerging and existing applications
Reduced Retries permitting low latency and delay sensitive applications such as voice
Reduced dead spots permitting consistent connectivity for every application
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Technical Elements of 802.11n

MIMO 40Mhz Channels Packet Aggregation Backward Compatibility
40Mhz Channels
Packet Aggregation
Backward Compatibility
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MIMO (Multiple Inputs Multiple Outputs)

MIMO is pronounced mee-moh or my-moh 802.11n it is mandatory requirement to have at least two receivers and one transmit per band
Optional to support up to four TXs and four RXs
MRCMaximum ratio combining SMSpatial multiplexing
Note: MIMO provides improvements for non-n802.11 clients

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Comparing SISO and MIMO Signal Reception

Radio Radio Radio Radio D S P
One radio chain Switches between antennas

Either A or B
Three radio chains Aggregates all antennas

A and B and C
Multipath degrades
Multipath improves Better immunity to noise Better SNR than SISO
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MIMO Radio Terminology

TxR:S
Transmit Antennas x Receive Antennas : Spatial Streams
T Transmit Antennas R Receive Antennas S Spatial Streams (1 = 150Mbps, 2 = 300Mbps) The 1250 and 1140 are 2x3:2
Two Transmit, Three Receive, Two Spatial Streams
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Maximum Ratio Combining

MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output)

Without MRC
Multiple Signals Sent; One Signal Chosen
SISO AP Performance
With MRC
Multiple Signals Sent and Combined at the Receiver Increasing Fidelity
MIMO AP Performance
Maximum Ratio Combining

Performed at receiver (either AP or client) Combines multiple received signals Increases receive sensitivity Works with both 11n and non-11n clients MRC is like having multiple ears to receive the signal
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Illustration of Three Multipath Reflections to SISO AP
Radio
Multipath Reflections of Original Signal

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Signal Each Antenna Sees Due to Multipath Effect
Radio Switches to Best Signal with Least Multipath Effect
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Illustration of Three Multipath Reflections to MIMO AP with MRC
Radio Radio Radio
D S P
The DSP Adjusts the Received Signal Phase So They Can Be Added Together Multipath Reflections of Original Signal
The Resulting Signal Is Addition of Adjusted Receive Signals
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MIMO vs. SISO Dead Spot Assessment
X-Axis Movement
Y-Axis Movement
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SISO vs. MIMO Dead Spots

1240 with Intel 3945ABG
82 38 67 70 58 57 70 28 44 43 69 74 56 63 77 52 89 75 67 69 89 90 72 81 90 96 56 68 39 54 71 70 80 67 74 31 75 39 72 59 85 85 83 48 81 49 62 71 66 90 82 54 61 87 25 86 80 71 48 85 70 90 67 57 69 69 41 67 32 82 83 85 80 55 90 70 69 69 28 92 89 90 50 33 88 85 69 56 69 21 58 90 41 42 53 68 50 84 78 52 56 88 65 71 68 75 34 90 88 75 62 88 71 70 72 62 91 69 88 64 42 67 56 62 87 83 65 69 45 78 69 68 65 71 41 74 46 38 67 72 64 89 45 69 55 53 68 89 52 92 69 69 47 59 80 66 86 75 69 68 87 89 68 61 71 64 67 43 25 91 91 73 70 92 90 88 67 61 67 59 74 87 64 68 89 93 61 67 91 83 71 70 69 100 68 49 92 90 98 91 97 98 92 99 96 96 98 91 96 98
1250 with Intel 5300AGN

90 90 91 97 92 92 92 97 96 98 93 96 97 98 96 92 96 91 91 90 89 90 97 99 91 91 96 98 84 89 96 97 92 85 89 99 95 91 99 89 98 98 92 90 98 92 90 94 95 97 95 97 96 92 96 92 90 94 92 91 94 91 91 93 94 92 89 93 98 98 90 98 90 89 90 99 86 94 89 95 96 91 96 96 89 93 92 91 91 88 94 90 90 91 91 91 96 95 89 91 92 90 89 91 92 93 90 96 91 96 98 90 84 90 90 95 90 90 91 92 97 98 92 94 96 91 88 89 90 91 91 97 97 90 96 97 93 92 99 96 89 86 90 96 90 95 91 93 90 95 97 93 97 98 91 92 95 90 90 97 92 94 97 93 93 99 98 98 95 92 92 99 97 93 98 99 98 98 100 97 98 99
Each square represents a slight position change Number is percentage of maximum throughput 802.11n provides more predictability through MRC
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Spatial Multiplexing
40Mhz Channels Packet Aggregation Backward Compatibility
MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output)

Information Is Split and Transmitted on Multiple Streams
stream 1
MIMO AP
stream 2 Performance
Transmitter and Receiver Participate
Concurrent Transmission on Same Channel
Increases Bandwidth
Requires 11n Client
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SISO Data Transmission

Time Period 1 Data The quick brown fox The Data
Radio
Radio
The
Time Period 2 Data quick brown fox

Radio
quick
Data
Radio
The quick
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MIMO Spatial Multiplexing Data Transmission

Time Period 1 Data The quick brown fox
D S P TX Radio
The quick Time Period 2
RX Radio
D S P
TX Radio
RX Radio
Data The quick
Data brown fox

D S P
TX Radio
brown fox
RX Radio
D S P
TX Radio
RX Radio
Data The quick brown fox

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More Efficient Spectrum Utilization with MIMO Spatial Multiplexing
Stream A Data Data
D S P
TX Radio
Stream B
Radio Radio
Data
D S P
Data
TX Radio
Radio
The data is broken into two streams transmitted by two transmitters at the same frequency
I Can Recognize the Two Streams Transmitted at the Same Frequency Since the Transmitters Have Spatial Separation Using My Three RX Antennas with My Multipath and Math Skills
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MIMO
Packet Aggregation
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40-MHz Channels
MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output) 40Mhz Channels Moving from 2 to 4 Lanes
40-MHz = 2 aggregated 20-MHz channelstakes advantage of the reserved channel space through bonding to gain more than double the data rate of 2 20-MHz channels
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Double Wide Channel

40-MHz Wide Channel Support
20-MHz
Gained Space
40-MHz
20-MHz
802.11n supports 20 or 40 MHz wide channels

40 MHz wide channels recommended only for 5 GHz
Consists of a primary channel and a secondary channel also referred to as extension channel
Second channel must be adjacent Can be above or below primary Protection provided for 20 MHz wide client use
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40 MHz-Wide Channel
Spectrum Expert Trace for 40 MHz-wide channel channel 36 primary and channel 40 extension
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MIMO
40Mhz Channels
Packet Aggregation
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Aspects of 802.11n
Packet Aggregation 40Mhz Channels Carpooling Is More Efficient Than Driving Alone
Without Packet Aggregation 802.11n Overhead Data Unit Packet 802.11n Overhead Data Unit Packet 802.11n Overhead Data Unit Packet
802.11n Overhead
Data Unit Packet Packet Packet
With Packet Aggregation
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Packet Aggregation
All 11n devices must support receiving of either packet aggregation method A-MPDU or A-MSDU A-MPDU packet aggregation is what 1250 and 1140 will use for packet aggregation with block acknowledge Without packet aggregation
With packet aggregation
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MIMO
40Mhz Channels
Packet Aggregation
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Aspects of 802.11n
Backward Compatibility Packet Aggregation 2.4GHz 11n Operates in Both Frequencies 5GHz
802.11ABG Clients Interoperate with 11n AND Experience Performance Improvements
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802.11n HT PHY
Legacy
802.11n (HT)
To provide legacy co-existence all 11n transmissions today use a mixed mode PHY that encapsulates the HT PHY in the Legacy PHY when transmitting at HT rates Legacy devices degrade 11n device performance based on duty cycle they use in the spectrum
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Backward Compatibility & Co-Existence

Co-existence of ABG/N APs Benefits of 11n accrue to ABG clients
MIMO benefits ABG clients on the AP receive side from MRC
Co-Existence at Controller Level
WLAN Controller 11g
54 Mb 48 Mb 36 Mb 28 Mb 300 Mb Roam 54 Mb 300 Mb
Backwards Compatibility
WLAN Controller
11n
11g
11n
11g
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802.11n Data Rates

MCSModulation and Coding Scheme 802.11a/b/g used data rates 802.11n defines MCS rates 77 MCS rates are defined by standard 1140 and 1250 support 16 (MCS 0-15)
Eight are mandatory
Best MCS rate is chosen based on channel conditions MCS specifies variables such as
Number of spatial stream, modulation, coding rate, number of forward error correction encoders, number data subcarriers and pilot carriers, number of code bits per symbol, guard interval
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MCS Chart
802.11n Data Rate
MCS Index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
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Modulation
BPSK QPSK QPSK 16-QAM 16-QAM 64-QAM 64-QAM 64-QAM BPSK QPSK QPSK 16-QAM 16-QAM 64-QAM 64-QAM 64-QAM
Spatial Streams 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
20 MHz
40 MHz
L-GI S-GI L-GI S-GI

6.5 13 19.5 26 39 52 58.5 65 13 26 39 52 78 104 117 130
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7.2 14.4 21.7 28.9 43.3 57.8 65 72.2 14.4 28.9 43.3 57.8 86.7 116 130 144
13.5 27 40.5 54 81 108 122 135 27 54 81 108 162 216 243 270
15 30 45 60 90 120 135 150 30 60 90 120 180 240 270 300

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Maximum with 1 spatial stream
Maximum with 2 spatial streams
A Few More 802.11n Features Used to Increase Performance

Beam forming Reduced inter-frame spacing Reduced guard interval
From 800ns to 400ns between symbols
QAM 64
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Cisco Next-Generation Wireless Portfolio

Cisco Aironet 1140 Series
Carpeted Indoor Environments Easy to Deploy-Sleek design with integrated antennas 802.11n performance with efficient 802.3af power Blends seamlessly into the environment
Cisco Aironet 1250 Series

Rugged Indoor Environments Versatile RF coverage with external antennas Flexible power options for optimal RF coverage
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11a/g to 11n Access Point Migration

Indoor Environments Integrated Antennas
Rugged Environments Antenna Versatility
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1140 vs 1250 Positioning

1140 1250
Deployment Antennas Wired Uplink Power Options
Indoor Integrated Gigabit PoE, AC, Pwr Injector
Ruggedized External (RP-TNC) Gigabit PoE*, ePoE, AC, Pwr Injector
* 1250 runs on PoE with reduced performance

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1250 AP
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The Aironet 1250 Series Access Point

Modular
2.4 GHz Module 5 GHz Module
RP-TNC Antenna Connectors 10/100/1000 Ethernet port Console port Security lock Ruggedized metal exterior Mounting bracket uses same hole pattern Runs either LWAPP or Autonomous Cisco IOS
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1250 Power Options

Standard 802.3af PoE Aironet 1250
Less Than Full Performance with Two Modules
Cisco Enhanced PoE

Full Performance
Power Injector
Full Performance
Full 802.11n Requires More Than Standard 802.3af Power over Ethernet
Local AC Power
Full Performance
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New Antennas for AP1250 Use 3 Antennas for each band

Omni-Directional
Single enclosure with three antenna elements 2.4 GHz 3dBi (AIR-ANT2430V-R) 5 GHz 4 dBi (AIR-ANT5140V-R)
Dipoles
New dipole without hinge (gray) 2.4 GHz 2.2 dBi (AIR-ANT2422DG-R) 5 GHz 3.5 dBi (AIR-ANT5135DG-R) Also supports existing dipoles with hinge (black and white)
eE hre T
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Blue dot indicates 5 GHz

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Three PoE Modes Supported with 1250 AP

Enhanced mode use ~18.5 Watts (config port for 20 Watt)
3560-E 3750-E 4500EX4648E , X4648+E 1250 injector Cisco IOS Version 12.2(44)SE Cisco IOS Version 12.2(44)SE Cisco IOS Version 12.2(44)SG
Optimized mode 16.8 Watts

6500X6148, X6148A , X6548 Cisco IOS Version 12.2(33)SXH2 PoE daughter cards: WS-F6K-48-AF, WS-F6K-GE48-AF
802.3af mode 15.4 Watts

Any 802.3af switch
Cisco IOS versions are minimum to support greater than .AF PoE mode
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Maximum Data Link Speed for Three PoE Modes

2.4 GHz Mbps Enhanced (18.5 Watts) Optimized (16.8 Watts) 802.3af (15.4 Watts) 144 144 72 5 GHz Mbps 300 300 150 Spatial Streams 2 2 1
Full Performance Reduced Output Power Reduced Performance
Enhanced and optimized power mode deliver the same performance in 5 GHz because it uses two spatial streams Enhanced and optimized power mode deliver same performance in 2.4 GHz for dense deployments
The difference is Optimized Max TX drops from 20 dBm with EPoE to 14dBm with Optimized
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WLC Showing PoE Mode in Use
Enhanced Mode
Optimized Mode
AF Mode
Maximum Throughput
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1140 AP
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The Aironet 1140 Series Access Point

Integrated Radios
2.4GHz (b/g/n) 5GHz (a/n)
10/100/1000 Ethernet Port Console port Security lock Plastic over metal design Runs in Unified-mode (CAPWAP) only Powered via 802.3af PoE
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1140 Ports are on the back

Access Point has the following: Mode button Console Port Ethernet Port Local Power
Note: Full 802.11n functionality using IEEE 802.3af (15.4 Watt) power
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Infrastructure Considerations
AP Power
Power Over Ethernet (802.3af) 1250 Power Injector (AIR-PWRINJ4) Local AC Power
Switch port uplink

Gigabit Ethernet Recommended Fast Ethernet will work However, the wired uplink can become a bottleneck
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Still Three Antennas per Band
1250
1140
2.4GHz 4dBi 5GHz 3dBi

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1140 Access Point

Designed for Horizontal Mounting
Similarly to the AP1130, the AP1140 is designed to be mounted horizontally on the ceiling Vertical mounting works but is not ideal
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1140 Mounting Brackets

Uses same T-Rail system as AP1130 both bracket and T-Rail included with unit
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1140 Security Mounting

Access Point can be secured using a Kensington style locking cable, or secured in the bracket using a common padlock
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Planning and Design for 802.11n
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Phases of an 11n Deployment

Design Considerations
1:1 Replacement Strategy for Capacity 5GHz Strategy
Planning
WCS Planning Tool Infrastructure Considerations
Deployment
Site Survey
Operation
Configuration (40MHz RRM, Data Rates, Security, etc.) Tracking and augmenting controller capacity
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1130 Access Point Placement

1 per 5,000 sq feet for data only 1 per 3,000 sq feet for voice, location
Radio Resource Management

Adaptive channel / power coverage Operational simplicity
Web Email
Several Supported Apps
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1 for 1 replacement
AP1140 reuses existing AP1130 T-Rail Clip
ABG ABG
Improved coverage at higher data rates
ERP Backup Video Voice Web Email
ABG ABG
More Applications Supported at Any Given Location

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Effective Frequency Use5GHz and 2.4GHz

Create a 5GHz Strategy
5GHz Recommended for 802.11n
More available spectrumgreater number of channels Reduced interference (no Bluetooth, Microwave Ovens, etc.) Maximum throughput in a 40MHz channel Many 11n devices only support 40MHz in 5GHz
2.4GHz still benefits from MIMO and packet aggregation

2.4GHz 20MHz Channels 5GHz 40MHz Channels
1 6
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6 7
8 9
10 11
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Capacity Principles
Channel Capacity: Use 5 GHz and 2.4 GHz
2.4 GHz clients using N will consume less spectrum 5 GHz will provide the most capacity for 802.11n clients
More available spectrumgreater number of channels Greater speeds dues to 40 MHz channel the fact that many devices will only support 40 MHz channel in 5 GHz
DFS support allows up to 1140 MHz wide channels to be used in 5 GHz band
If radar is detect in the area some UNI2 and UNI2 channels may disabled
5 GHz Frequency
UNI 1 UNI 2 UNI 2 Ext. UNI 3
2
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# 40 MHz Channels FCC

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1140 Deployment Expectations

Data Services Range
10-15% increase in maximum range versus an AP1130 Recommended 1:1 replacement of an 802.11a/g deployment
Coverage
10-20% increase in 802.11a/g high data rate coverage More uniform coverage versus an AP1130
Capacity
Largest gain for 802.11n capable clients Maximum data rates of 144Mbps in 2.4GHz Maximum data rates of 300Mbps in 5GHz
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Throughput: Example 802.11a TCP Performance Ideal Environment

Approximately 45% of link rate
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Throughput: Example 802.11n 5 GHz 40 MHz TCP Performance Ideal Environment

Approximately 65% of link rate
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1140 Deployment Expectations

Advanced Services Voice
Plan for the same number of calls per AP as 11a/g (15-25 calls) Voice over WiFi phones still top out at 54Mbps No 11n WiFi phones on the market right now Expect better voice reliability, especially in the upstream direction (Phone to AP)
Location
Accurate triangulation requires a density of one AP per ~3000 sqft. Although an 11n AP can hear better, it doesnt mean location requires less density
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11n Deployment
Site Survey Recommendations Use Active Survey tools
AirMagnet 6.0 uses Iperf to send traffic when surveying to measure actual data link speeds
Survey for lowest common client

Once for 11a/g clients Once for 11n clients (optional)
Survey at intended AP power levels
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2.4GHz - Maximum Range

AP1130 2.4GHz AP1140 2.4GHz
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Improved 802.11g Coverage

1130 vs. 114011G Active Survey
1130 11G Survey 48 Mbps Coverage 86 Feet
1140 11G Survey 48 Mbps Coverage 102 Feet
Note the more uniform coverage of high (green) data rates

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5GHz - Maximum Range

AP1130 5GHz AP1140 5GHz
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Improved 802.11a Coverage

1130 vs. 114011A Active Survey
1130 11A Survey 48 Mbps Coverage 86 Feet
1140 11A Survey 48 Mbps Coverage 97 Feet
Note the more uniform coverage of high (green) data rates

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802.11n Coverage
2.4GHz 20MHz Channel Size
100Mbps @ 100ft
Maximum of 144Mbps in a 2.4GHz 20MHz channel At 100ft average data rate is 100Mbps
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802.11n Coverage
5GHz 20MHz Channel Size
100Mbps @ 90ft
Maximum of 144Mbps in a 5GHz 20MHz channel At 90ft average data rate is 100Mbps
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802.11n Coverage
5GHz 40MHz Channel Size
300Mbps @ 30ft 200Mbps @ 60ft
100Mbps @ 90ft
Maximum of 300Mbps in a 5GHz 40MHz channel At 90ft average data rate is 100Mbps
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802.11n Deployment
Designing Around 5GHz 40MHz Channels
One AP Data Rate vs. RSSI
Full Deployment Contiguous 5GHz Coverage
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Five Principles for Maximizing Capacity with 802.11n

1. Design for 5 GHz 40 MHz wide channels and increased cell density 2. Design for lowest common denominator legacy clients when surveying with 1250 or 1140
Plan to migrate client devices to 11n Disable lower legacy rates
3. Minimize noise and interference effects

Use RRM for interference avoidance Use Spectrum Expert to find interference source
4. Design for ePoE (for 1250) power and GigE to APs 5. Specify a good 802.11n client adapter
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Design Method
WCS Planner
Set AP type 1250 or 1140 Select enable 11n support Select protocol 802.11a/n,bgn Select optimize for HT Select Voice and location if desired Calculate/Apply/Add APs to Map
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Use WCS Heat Map to Predict Data Rate Coverage and AP Placement
Add APs to MAP Set Heat Map type to Data Rates Set Cutoff to desired minimum data rates
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WCS Planner
Proposal
Generate proposal Use proposal for budgetary estimates Use proposal with Lite or Full survey to create final install AP count and placement design
Recommend survey to calibrate proposal results
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Network Capacity and Scalability

300mb System Capacity Add Controller 300mb
Burst
0
Burst Burst Normal

0
Plan for system level capacity, not per AP capacity Plan for throughput (60% of data rate)
Mobility Group 11n 11n 11n
Peak 1140 throughput is 200-250Mbps Additional controller increases capacity and improves availability Typical Ethernet network oversubscription is 20:1
WLAN Controller WLAN Controller 2
11n
300mb
300mb
Burst
11n
11n
11n
Burst
With 1140 APs at full capacity, Cisco WLAN controllers reach 10:1
0
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Controller Over-subscription Rates
Even at 200Mbps per AP, high capacity controllers oversubscribed well within acceptable limits of 8:1. 21XX and WLCM platforms fully support 802.11n functionality
Potential bottlenecks can be removed by running in H-REAP
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Monitor WLC Traffic Utilization
Use 11n scaling report to monitor WLC utilization Compare utilization to interface capacity to determine if AP load should be redistributed or additional WLC capacity is needed
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Configuration of 802.11n in a Unified Environment
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Enable 802.11n Mode to Support HT Rates (On by Default)

Enable 802.11n mode for the band
802.11a/n>High Throughput (802.11n) 802.11b/n>High Throughput (802.11n)
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Configure RRM for 40 MHz Wide 5 GHz Channels
Wireless>802.11a/n>DCA
Channel Width 40 MHz
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Enable or Disable 5 GHz Channels that RRM Is Allowed to Assign
Uncheck channels 100-140 Wireless>802.11a/n>DCA

(UNII2Extended)
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Manually Configuring 40 MHz Wide Channel
Wireless>802.11a/n>Configure AP Must set channel assignment to Custom Extension Channel is always set to one up from primary
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Basic 11n Configuration

WLAN Security To utilize 11n data rates, use either AES or no encryption. No Encryption Guest WLANs WPA2/AES Encryption Enterprise WLANs
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Basic 11n Configuration

WLAN QoS To utilize 11n data rates, use WMM Allowed or Required
WMM Allowed
WMM Required
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Configure Which Packets That Are Allowed to Be Aggregated MPDU

(Cisco Controller) >config 802.11a 11nSupport a-mpdu tx priority 0 enable (Cisco Controller) >config 802.11b 11nSupport a-mpdu tx priority 0 enable
(Cisco Controller)> show 802.11a/b

802.11n Status: A-MPDU Tx:
Enables Priority 0 (Best Effort) Aggregation
Priority 0............................... Enabled Priority 1............................... Disabled Priority 2............................... Disabled Priority 3............................... Disabled Priority 4............................... Disabled Priority 5............................... Disabled Priority 6............................... Disabled Priority 7............................... Disabled
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Configure Switches to Run 1250 in High Power Mode

Upgrade switches to Cisco IOS version that supports ePoE Configure 1250 ports for maximum power of 20 Watts
#Enable #Config terminal #interface GigabitEthernet 0/11 #power inline port maximum 20000
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Improving Mixed Mode Performance

Disabling Unnecessary Data Rates Benefit: Beacons and Broadcast traffic utilize less airtime For 802.11b/g deployments Disable: 1, 2, 5.5, 6 and 9Mbps For 802.11g-only deployments Disable: 1, 2, 5.5, 6, 9 and 11Mbps For 802.11a deployments Disable: 6 and 9 Mbps Higher rates can also be disabled (ex. 12, 18Mbps) dependant on deployment
Tuned 802.11b/g Data Rates:
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Tips for Achieving the Best Performance

1. Use 5 GHz 40 MHz wide channels 2. Consider increasing cell densities 3. Disable lower legacy data rates 4. Use full power modes for the 1250 by using injector or EPoE 5. Specify a good performing 802.11n client adapter
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802.11n Client Adapters
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11n Client Adapters

Make sure adapter is 11n Draft 2.0 certified by WiFi Alliance - http://www.wi-fi.org 802.11n adapters have a major influence on performance levels that can be achieved Built-in 11n adapters out perform add-on
USB and PCMCIA 11n adapters have less than optimal antenna placement
Not realistic to upgrade most older laptops with internal 11n adapters
Need three antennas connectors
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11n Client Adapter Recommendations

Update 802.11n client drivers to the latest revision Cisco-Intel relationship means that the Intel 11n adapter with Ciscos APs have had the most test time
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Troubleshooting
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Troubleshooting Tools
Determining If Client Associated at 11n HT Rates with WLC
Monitor >Clients
Protocol indicates if client associated with 802.11n HT rates
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Troubleshooting Tools
Determining If Client Associated at 11n HT Rates with WCS
Protocol shows if client associated at 11n HT rates
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Client Status Windows
20 MHz 40 MHz
144Mbps 300Mbps
Warning: Depending on the Adapter, You May Not Be Able to Trust the Speed It Reports
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Client Status OSX

Applications>Utilities>Network Utility
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Client Shows 11n SSID But Does Not Connect at 11n Data Rates
Does the client have a 11n adapter?

Some legacy clients will show that the AP support 11n even though the that client does not support 11n
Is 11n support enabled in adapter driver?

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Have 11n Adapter and Still Connecting at A or G Rates
What type of encryption is allowed for WLAN?

Must be AES or None If WEP or TKIP will not support 11n HT rates
Is WMM allowed?
WMM must be Enable or Require If WMM disabled will not support 11n HT rates
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Client Applications Not Achieving Significant Performance Increases

End-to-end performance is dependent on numerous variables
OS Application Server Load
Run test with Iperf to rule out network bottlenecks

Client - iperf -c 10.10.10.10 -t 30 -b 50M -P 6 -l 56K Server - iperf -s -u -l 56K
Iperf available at http://dast.nlanr.net/projects/Iperf/

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Recommended Reading
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Meet The Expert

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Cisco 802.11n Speeds

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Cisco 802.11n Speeds

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Understanding high speed 802.

11n wireless networks in depth

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Design and Deployment

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Increased Bandwidth for emerging and existing applications

Reduced dead spots permitting consistent connectivity for every application

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Technical Elements of 802.11n

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

MIMO (Multiple Inputs Multiple Outputs)

MRCMaximum ratio combining SMSpatial multiplexing

Note: MIMO provides improvements for non-n802.11 clients

Comparing SISO and MIMO Signal Reception

One radio chain Switches between antennas

Three radio chains Aggregates all antennas

Multipath improves Better immunity to noise Better SNR than SISO

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

MIMO Radio Terminology

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Maximum Ratio Combining

MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output)

Maximum Ratio Combining

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Illustration of Three Multipath Reflections to SISO AP

Multipath Reflections of Original Signal

Signal Each Antenna Sees Due to Multipath Effect

Radio Switches to Best Signal with Least Multipath Effect

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Illustration of Three Multipath Reflections to MIMO AP with MRC

Radio Radio Radio

The Resulting Signal Is Addition of Adjusted Receive Signals

MIMO vs. SISO Dead Spot Assessment

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

SISO vs. MIMO Dead Spots

1250 with Intel 5300AGN

MIMO (Multiple Input, Multiple Output)

Transmitter and Receiver Participate

Concurrent Transmission on Same Channel

Requires 11n Client

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

SISO Data Transmission

Time Period 2 Data quick brown fox

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

MIMO Spatial Multiplexing Data Transmission

The quick Time Period 2

Data The quick

Data brown fox

Data The quick brown fox

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

More Efficient Spectrum Utilization with MIMO Spatial Multiplexing

Stream A Data Data

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Technical Elements of 802.11n

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Double Wide Channel

802.11n supports 20 or 40 MHz wide channels

Technical Elements of 802.11n

2009 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Data Unit Packet Packet Packet

With Packet Aggregation