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BO CO THC TP TT NGHIP
: QT206.4
THNG 03 NM 2010
LI CM N
Qua thi gian thc tp ti ngn hng Cng Thng Vit Nam_chi nhnh Bnh
nh, em c s gip ca Ban lnh o v s hng dn tn tnh ch bo
cc anh ch phng khch hng c nhn c bit l s gip ca thy Phm V
nh to iu kin cho em lm bi bo co. Trong thi gian qua,em lm
quen vi mi trung lm vic, tip xc vi mi trng thc t da trn l thuyt
cn bn v tm hiu c tnh hnh hot ng cho vay tiu dng ti ngn hng
Cng Thng _chi nhnh Bnh nh . Do trnh cn t, gii hn v thi gian v
s liu, bi bo co ca em khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st. V vy em rt
mong s gp , nhn xt ca thy, cc anh ch cn b nhn vin ngn hng bi
vit c hon thin hn.
NHN XT CA N V THC TP
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MC LC
LI CM N...............................................................................................i
NHN XT CA N V THC TP....................................................i
MC LC.....................................................................................................i
PHN M U..........................................................................................ii
1. L do chn ti................................................................................................ii
2. Mc ch nghin cu...........................................................................................ii
3. Phng php nghin cu ..................................................................................iii
4. Phm vi nghin cu .........................................................................................iii
5. Kt cu ni dung................................................................................................iii
PHN KT LUN..............................................................................xxxvii
TI LIU THAM KHO.................................................................xxxviii
- i-
PHN M U
1. L do chn ti
Kinh t Vit Nam c nhng bc pht trin ng k trn mi lnh vc
ca i sng x hi. Hot ng u t, xy dng, thng mi, pht trin to
iu kin thun li cho tng vic lm, tng thu nhp, nng cao i sng vt cht v
tinh thn cho ngi dn. Trn thc t, thc y x hi pht trin th nhu cu ca
ngi dn cn c khng nh, l knh gin tip gp phn to mt x hi vi
nn kinh t pht trin. Nhng phn ln ngi tiu dng khng th chi tr cho tt c
nhu cu mua sm cng lc, c bit l nhng ti sn c gi tr ln. Thc t ny
pht sinh nhu cu vay tiu dng v cc ngn hng thng mi chnh l ni cung
cp dch v . Cho vay tiu dng ra i to iu kin gip ngi dn c th
tho mn nhu cu ca mnh trc khi c kh nng thanh ton, mang li nhiu li
ch cho x hi nh gp phn tng sc mua, tng tc lu chuyn hng ho trn
th trng,ng thi to ra ngun thu nhp ng k cho ngn hng.
Mc d cho vay tiu dng l sn phm tn dng xut hin t lu i trn th
gii v hin nay ang pht trin rt mnh, nht l cc nc ang c tim lc v
kinh t v cnh tranh ngn hng si ng, nhng n ch mi pht trin mt vi
nm gn y Vit Nam. Trong xu hng hi nhp quc t, cc ngn hng nc
ngoi, ngn hng lin doanh, ngn hng thng mi quc doanh, ngn hng
thng mi c phn,ang cnh tranh mnh m cc sn phm tn dng tiu dng,
thu ht khch hng c nhn. Nng ng nht chnh l cc NHTM c phn lin
tc a ra cc sn phm tin ch, nh: cho vay siu tc, ng k vay qua mng
Internet, li sut cho vay hp dn, k hn cho vay di, cho vay ti 70% gi tr ngi
nh hay xe t
Trong qu trnh thc tp ti phng khch hng c nhn ca Ngn hng Cng
Thng Vit Nam-Chi nhnh Bnh nh, em tm hiu vn ny v vit
thnh ti: Tnh hnh hot ng cho vay tiu dng ti Ngn hng Cng
thng Vit Nam - Chi nhnh Bnh nh.
2. Mc ch nghin cu
Tm hiu tnh hnh hot ng tn dng cho vay i vi ngn hng
Qui trnh cho vay tiu dng i vi ngn hng TMCP Cng Thng Vit
Nam chi nhnh Tnh Bnh nh
Trn c s thc trng hot ng cho vay ra nhng bin php nhm nng
cao hiu qu cho vay tiu dng
- ii-
4. Phm vi nghin cu
Vic nghin cu c thc hin ti phng khch hng c nhn Ngn hng TMCP
Cng Thng _chi nhnh Bnh nh.
5. Kt cu ni dung
Chng 1:C s l lun chung v tn dng ngn hng.
Chng 2: Thc trng hot ng tn dng i vi cho vay tiu dng ngn hng
TMCP Cng Thng Vit Nam_chi nhnh Bnh nh.
Chng 3: Mt s gii php nng cao hiu qu hot ng cho vay tiu dng.
- iii-
Tn dng ngn hng l quan h chuyn nhng quyn s dng vn t ngn hng
cho khch hng trong mt thi gian nht nh vi mt khon chi ph nht
nh.Cng nh quan h tn dng khc, tn dng ngn hng cha ng ba ni dung:
C s chuyn nhng quyn s dng vn t ngi s hu sang cho
ngi s dng
1.2.
Bn cht ca tn dng
Tn dng l quan h kinh t pht sinh gia ngi i vay v ngi cho vay, nh
quan h y m vn tin t c vn ng t ch th ny sang ch th khc s
dng cho nhu cu khc nhau trong nn kinh t x hi.
Tn dng c coi l mt s vn, lm bng hin vt hoc bng hin kim vn ng
theo nguyn tc hon tr, p ng cho cc nhu cu ca cc ch th tn dng.
1.3.2.
Vai tr ca tn dng
Trong qu trnh sn xut kinh doanh ca cc cng ty, x nghip th cn phi duy tr
s hot ng khng b gin on. Do , cc yu cu v ngun vn l mt trong
nhng mi quan tm hng u. Chnh v th, tn dng vi t cch l mt trong
nhng cng c tp trung vn v tn dng tt c cc ngun vn khc trong x
hi nhm cung ng vn cho cc cng ty, x nghip, t chc kinh t pht trin sn
xut kinh doanh.
Tn dng ra i gp phn thc y sn xut lu thng hng ha. Bi v, tn
dng l ngun cung ng vn cho cc doanh nghip t chc kinh t v l mt trong
nhng cng c tp trung vn mt cch hu hiu trong nn kinh t.
Mt khc, h thng giao dch ngy cng pht trin cho nn y l mt nhn t lm
gim lm pht, lm tin quan trng thc y sn xut v lu thng hng
ha. Tn dng c vai tr quan trng m rng v pht trin cc mi quan h kinh
t i ngoi, m rng giao lu quc t nhm gip v gii quyt v vn ca mi
nc gp phn lm cho quc gia c iu kin pht trin kinh t.
1.4.
Da vo mc ch ca tn dng:
- v-
1.4.2.
Da vo thi hn tn dng:
- Cho vay ngn hn: L loi cho vay c thi hn n mt nm. Mc ch ca loi
cho vay ny thng l nhm ti tr cho vic u t vo ti sn lu ng.
- Cho vay trung hn: L loi cho vay c thi hn trn 1 nm n 5 nm. Mc ch
ca loi cho vay ny l nhm ti tr cho vic u t vo ti sn c nh.
- Cho vay di hn : L loi cho vay c thi hn trn 5 nm. Mc ch ca loi cho
vay ny thng l nhm ti tr u t vo cc d n u t.
1.4.3.
Cho vay tiu dng l vic Ngn hng cho vay giao cho khch hng mt khon tin
theo tha thun vi nguyn tc c hon tr gc v li trong mt thi gian nht nh
s dng cho mc ch tiu dng, sinh hot v cc nhu cu phc v i sng
khc.
- vi-
1.2.
V quy m
Do cho vay tiu dng l khon cho vay cp cho cc c nhn, h gia nh khng
phi s dng cho mc ch kinh doanh nn n thng l cc khon vay c gi tr
khng ln thm ch cn rt nh. Gi tr ny c xc nh trn c s gi c hng
ha, dch v m khch hng ang c nhu cu tiu dng trong khi gi tr nhng th
ny thng khng qu ln. Hn na, phn ln khch hng vay tiu dng u c
s tch ly t trc, ngn hng ch l ngi h tr cho vic mua sn phm c d
dng hn khi tch ly l cha v th quy m i vi mi khon vay thng l
nh.
1.2.2.
V li sut
Cc khon cho vay tiu dng c li sut cao hn cc khon cho vay i vi doanh
nghip. Li sut cho vay tiu dng thng l tha thun.
Ngi tiu dng thng quan tm n khon tin h phi tr hng thng hn l li
sut ca khon vay. Bn cnh mc thu nhp v trnh dn tr cng tc ng
rt ln n vic s dng cc khon cho vay tiu dng. Nhng ngi c thu nhp
cao c xu hng vay nhiu hn so vi thu nhp hng nm m mnh c c.
Nhng gia nh m ngi ch gia nh hay ngi to thu nhp chnh c trnh ,
c hc vn cao th vic vay mn l mt cng c t c mc sng nh mong
mun.
1.2.3.
V ri ro
Cc khon cho vay tiu dng c chi ph ln nht v c ri ro cao nht trong
danh mc cc khon cho vay ca ngn hng thng mi.
Li sut cho vay tiu dng l c nh v c xc nh da trn li sut c bn
cng vi mc li sut cn bin v phn b ri ro. Nu li sut trn th trng vn
tng m li sut ca cc khon cho vay tiu dng l c nh v cng nhc s khin
cho ngn hng phi b p mc li sut huy ng vn m khng c thay i li
sut cho vay tiu dng. l ri ro v li sut.
Bn cnh l ri ro v tn dng. Ngun ti chnh chi tr cho khon vay tiu
dng khng phi da vo li nhun hay bt ngun t khon vay em li m n
ph thuc vo mt ngun khc c lp hon ton vi ngun vay, chnh l thu
nhp ca ngi vay mang li. iu s mang li nhng ri ro mang tnh khch
quan v ch quan nh: tnh hnh kinh t v m bt n, thin tai, tnh trng tht
nghip gia tng, tnh trng sc khe, cng vic, o c ca ngi vay.
- vii-
V li nhun:
Do cho vay tiu dng lun tim n ri ro mc cao v th li nhun k vng mang
li t ngun cho vay tiu dng cng ln.
1.3.
Mt hnh thc cho vay mun tn ti v pht trin trong hot ng ca ngn hng
th bn thn n phi em li nhng li ch thit thc cho nhng ngi to ra v
s dng n. Hnh thc cho vay tiu dng xut hin t lu v cho n nay hot
ng ca n vn khng ngng c cc ngn hng quan tm pht trin, khch
hng s dng, chnh ph cc nc ng tnh ng h.
1.3.1.
i vi ngn hng
Ngoi hai nhc im chnh l ri ro v chi ph cao, cho vay tiu dng c nhng
li ch quan trng nh:
- Cho vay tiu dng gip tng kh nng cnh tranh ca ngn hng vi cc ngn
hng v cc t chc tn dng khc, thu ht c i tng khch hng mi, t
m m rng quan h vi khch hng. Bng cch nng cao v m rng mng li,
a dng ho sn phm, nng cao cht lng dch v cho vay tiu dng, s lng
khch hng n vi ngn hng s ngy cng nhiu hn v hnh nh ca ngn hng
s cng p hn trong con mt khch hng. Trong ngh ca cng chng, ngn
hng khng ch l t chc ch bit quan tm n cc cng ty v doanh nghip m
ngn hng cn rt quan tm ti nhng nhu cu nh b, cn thit ca ngi tiu
dng, p ng nguyn vng ci thin i sng ca ngi tiu dng. T m uy
tn ca ngn hng ngy cng c nng cao hn.
- Cho vay tiu dng cng l mt cng c marketing rt hiu qu, nhiu ngi s
bit ti ngn hng hn. T m ngn hng cng s huy ng c nhiu ngun
tin gi ca dn c.
- Cho vay tiu dng to iu kin m rng v a dng ho kinh doanh t m
nng cao thu nhp v phn tn ri ro cho ngn hng.
1.3.2.
Nh cho vay tiu dng h c hng cc tin ch trc khi tch ly tin v
c bit quan trng hn n rt cn thit cho nhng trng hp khi cc nhn c cc
- viii-
chi tiu c tnh cp bch, nhu nh cu chi tiu cho gio dc v y t. Tuy vy, nu
lm dng vic i vay tiu dng th cng rt tai hi v n c th lm cho ngi i
vay chi tiu vt qu mc cho php, lm gim kh nng tit kim hoc chi tiu
trong tng lai, cn rt nghim trng hn nu mt kh nng chi tr th ngi ny
c th gp rt nhiu phin toi trong cuc sng.
1.3.3.
i vi nn kinh t
Cho vay tiu dng gp phn khi thng lung chuyn dch hng ho. Qu trnh sn
xut v lu thng hng ho nu nh khng c tiu dng th tt yu s b tc nghn,
hng ho khng tiu th c dn ti doanh nghip b ng vn v ng nhin
qu trnh sn xut khng th tip tc. Vai tr ca ngn hng lc ny tr nn quan
trng hn bao gi ht. Ngn hng cho ngi tiu dng vay vn to ra kh nng
thanh ton cho h trc khi h tch lu s tin cn thit. Khch hng c tin s
tm n doanh nghip mua hng v doanh nghip tiu th c hng ho, sau
mi c kh nng thanh ton n cho ngn hng. Khi tiu th c hng ho,
doanh nghip s m rng sn xut v s tm ti ngn hng tip tc vay vn.
Nh vy, ngn hng cho vay tiu dng s c li cho c ba bn: ngi tiu dng,
doanh nghip v ngn hng hay chnh l c li cho c nn kinh t. Tm li, cho
vay tiu dng c dng ti tr cho chi tiu v hng ho v dch v trong nc
th n c tc dng rt tt cho vic kch cu, to iu kin thc y tng trng
kinh t. Song, nu cc khon cho vay tiu dng khng c dng nh vy th
chng nhng khng kch c cu m nhiu khi cn lm gim kh nng tit kim
trong nc.
1.4.
Cn c vo mc ch vay:
Cn c vo ngun gc ca cc khon n
- ix-
- Cho vay gin tip l hnh thc cho vay trong ngn hng mua cc khon
n pht sinh ca cc doanh nghip bn chu hng ho hoc cung cp cc dch
v cho ngi tiu dng, hnh thc ny ngn hng cho vay thng qua cc doanh
nghip bn hng hoc lm cc dch v m khng trc tip tip xc vi khch hng.
- Cho vay tiu dng trc tip (Direct consumer loan) l ngn hng v khch
hng trc tip gp nhau tin hnh cho vay hoc thu n.
Hnh thc cho vay tiu dng trc tip linh hot hn hnh thc cho vay gin
tip, v khi quan h trc tip gia ngn hng vi khch hng s x l tt cc pht
sinh, hn na c kh nng lm tho mn quyn li cho c ngn hng v khch
hng.
1.4.3.
- x-
L hnh thc cho vay m tin vay c khch hng thanh ton cho ngn
hng ch mt ln khi n hn phi tr. Cho vay tiu dng phi tr gp thng c
cp cho cc khon vay c gi tr nh v vi thi hn khng di. Phn ln th cc
khon vay ny thng c dng chi tr cho cc chuyn i ngh, tin nm vin
hay mua cc vt dng gia nh hoc sa cha t, nh .
Cho vay tiu dng tun hon
L hnh thc cho vay m ngn hng cho php khch hng s dng th tn
dng hoc pht hnh cc loi sec thu chi da trn ti khon vng lai thanh ton
tin hng ha dch v. Trong thi gian tn dng c tha thun trc, cn c
vo nhu cu chi tiu v thu nhp kim c tng k ca khch hng, khch hng
c ngn hng cho php vay v tr n mt cch tun hon. Do nhng khon vay
ny khng c m bo, ng thi chi ph iu hnh tn dng tun hon tng
i cao nh: chi ph d tr qu, chi ph x l th tn dng bao gm kim tra tn
dng la o v nhng mt mt trong thu ngn nn li sut i vi tn dng tun
hon l tng i cao. Hnh thc ny tng i thun tin cho cc khch hng c
nhu cu vay thng xuyn, khch hng ch cn lm th tc mt ln cho nhiu ln
vay.
1.4.4.
Thng p dng cho khch hng c vic lm v thu nhp n nh, ngoi
vic chi cho cc khon chi tiu thng xuyn hng thng th cn tch ly tr
n vay. S tin vay s cn c vo nhu cu, thu nhp thng xuyn ca khch hng,
gii hn cho vay ca ngn hng.
Cho vay c ti sn m bo hnh thnh t tin vay
L hnh thc cho vay tiu dng p dng i vi khch hng c nhu cu vay
mua cc ti sn c gi tr ln v thi gian s dng lu di. Ty thuc vo kh
nng ti chnh v kh nng tr n ca khch hng, gi tr ti sn mua sm v mc
- xi-
- xii-
- xiii-
C cu b my, s t chc
1.2.1.
C cu b my
Tnh n nay chi nhnh c khong 81 cn b cng nhn vin ang lm vic ti
ngn hng. Trong , Ban lnh o gm mt gim c, hai ph gim c v cc
nhn vin c phn u cc phng ban. Mi c cu phng khong 5-7 ngi.
Hin nay chi nhnh c 2 phng giao dch loi 1, v 6 phng giao dch loi 2 nm
trn a bn thnh ph Quy Nhn. Chi nhnh c 53 ngi c bng i hc, cao
ng, thc s chim 65,43% trn tng s cn b cng nhn vin ton chi nhnh.
tng bc tip cn cc chng trnh mi ph hp vi tnh hnh hin nay, trong
nm chi nhnh c 60 lt cn b i hc cc lp ngn hn nhm tip thu kin
thc mi, nng cao k nng nghip v.
1.2.2.
S t chc
GIM C
P.GIM C
Kim
sot
ni
b
Khch
hng
c
nhn
P.GIM C
Khch
hng
chc
doanh
nghip
hnh
chnh
- xiv-
Qun
l ri
ro-n
c
vn
Tin
Ton
t kho
qu
thng
tin
in
ton
1.3.
Nm 2007
368.990
132.524
Nm 2008
399.830
104.149
Nm 2009
463.759
133.338
236.466
719.154
599.548
121.089
1.437
7.352
89.208
84.023
5.185
74.914
14.294
295.681
754.778
604.735
150.356
1.250
2.071
127.589
121.161
6.428
121.218
6.371
330.421
1.088.608
858.820
229.788
0
290
109.341
100.672
8.669
93.478
15.863
2. Thc trng cho vay tiu dng ti NHCT_Chi nhnh Bnh nh.
1.1.
C cu t chc phng
- Ph phng khch hng c nhn
-
Cn b tn dng
Cn b thm nh
- xvi-
Chc nng
L phng nghip v trc tip giao dch vi khch hng c nhn, khai thc
vn bng VND v ngoi t, thc hin cc nghip v lin quan n tn dng, qun
l cc sn phm tn dng ph hp vi ch , th l hin hnh v hng dn ca
NHCT VN. Trc tip qung co, tip th, gii thiu v bn cc sn phm dch v
ngn hng cho cc khch hng c nhn.
Nhim v
- Khai thc ngun vn bng VND v ngoi t khch hng l cc c nhn theo
qui nh ca Ngn hng Nh nc v NHCT VN.
- Thc hin tip th, h tr, chm sc khch hng, t vn cho khch hng v
cc sn phm dch v ca NHCT VN nh tn dng, u t, chuyn tin, th
- Thm nh, xc nh, qun l cc gii hn tn dng cho cc khch hng c
nhu cu giao dch v tn dng v ti tr thng mi.
-
- C mc ch vay vn hp php.
- C kh nng ti chnh m bo tr n trong thi hn cam kt.
- C h khu thuc Tnh Bnh nh.
1.2.3.
-
H s vay
(2 bn).
n yu cu cp tn dng; bng chm im khch hng c nhn; bng
thng bo cp gii hn tn dng; t trnh thm nh cp tn dng (1 bn).
-
1.3.
- xviii-
- xix-
1.3.4.
Quy trnh cho vay v qun l tn dng c son tho vi mc ch gip cho qu
trnh cho vay c din ra thng nht, khoa hc, nhm hn ch, phng nga ri ro
v nng cao cht lng tn dng, gp phn p ng ngy mt tt hn nhu cu vay
vn ca khch hng c nhn. Quy trnh ny cng xc nh ngi c thc hin
cng vic v trch nhim ca cc cn b lin quan trong qu trnh cho vay. Sau
y l m phng qu trnh cho vay tiu dng trong qu trnh thc tp ti ngn hng
chi nhnh Bnh nh.
Bc 1: Tip nhn v hng dn khch hng v lp h s vay vn:
1.4.1.
- xx-
=40.000.000 *30(ngy)*1.35%/30=540.000
K III(1/10-31/10) =20.000.000*31(ngy)*1.35%/30=279.000
Nh vy c gc v li k I =10.000.000+ 697.500=10.697.500
K II= 20.000.000+540.000=20.540.000
- xxii-
K III=20.000.000+279.000=20.279.000
Bc 4: Lp t trnh thm nh cho vay
Trn c s kt qu thm nh theo cc ni dung trn, cn b tn dng phi
lp t trnh thm nh(TTT). TTT phi nu c th nhng kt qu ca qu trnh,
nh gi phng n u t xin vay vn ca khch hng cng nh cc kin
xut i vi cc ngh ca khch hng.
Bc 5: Ti thm nh cc khon cho vay
- Ngn hng Cng Thng Vit Nam quy nh gi tr tin vay bt buc phi
c ti thm nh theo tng thi k. Tuy nhin, i vi nhng khon xin vay
di mc quy nh ca Tng gim c nhng c tnh cht phc tp, gim c
hoc ngi c y quyn c th quyt nh tin hnh ti thm nh khon xin
vay.
- T ti thm nh c trch nhim thm nh li ton b h s vay vn, t
trnh thm nh v vic cho vay, khng cho vay trnh gim c.
- Mi s khc bit gia kt qu thm nh v ti thm nh c th dn n
cc kt lun khc nhau v khch hng v cc khon vay u phi trnh ln Gim
c.
- Thi hn ti thm nh khng nm trong thi hn quy nh cho thm nh
gc v khng qu 03 ngy i vi mn vay ngn hn v khng qu 05 ngy i
vi mn vay trung v di hn.
Bc 6: Hon tt h s
- Da vo nhng thng tin ca khch hng, cn b tn dng nhp d liu vo
phn mm INCAS, in h s cho khch hng theo mu qui nh ca Ngn hng v
hng dn khch hng k h s.
- Lnh o i chiu h s v k trn hp ng th chp, bin bn nh gi
th chp.Sau khi k, khch hng mang h s n phng mi trng v phng
cng chng ca Nh nc cng chng.
- Cn b tn dng to CIF, A/A cho khch hng, mi khch hng s c mt
s CIF ti ngn hng, da vo s CIF ny ngn hng qun l khch hng.
- Lnh o phng s duyt s CIF v A/A . A/A l hn mc cp tn dng
dnh cho lnh o quyt nh.
- xxiii-
n yu cu ng k th chp
n yu cu cp gii hn tn dng
Bn thng bo cp tn dng
Chm im khch hng c nhn
Phiu nhp kho ti sn m bo
Bin bn s dng vn vay
Vi qui trnh lm vic nh trn, ngn hng a ra nhng qui nh c th
chc nng nhim v ca mi phng ban trong qu trnh cho vay. Tuy nhin, v s
lng nhn vin phng tn dng cn t so vi s lng khch hng n vay nn cc
th tc cho vay i vi khch hng cn hn ch v mt thi gian. i vi Ngn
hng Cng Thng ti chi nhnh Bnh nh th vic cng chng do khch hng t
i cng chng. Nhng ngn hng cng a ra qui nh c th ch chp nhn cng
chng ti phng cng chng s 1 thuc s kim sot ca Nh nc nn cng vic
cng chng vn m bo theo qui nh ca php lut. y cng l mt hn ch ca
Ngn hng ti chi nhnh nhng c s thng nht ph duyt ca Ngn hng
Trung ng .
1.5.
s tin
Nm 2008
t trng
s tin
t trng
Nm 2009
s
tin
t trng
2,56
24.47%
3,167
23.87%
5,46
23%
7,898
75.53%
10,10
76.13% 18,277
77%
8,624
82.46%
11,25
84.79%
1,834
10,458
18,01
75.87%
17.54%
2,017 15.21% 5,727 24.13%
100%
13,267
100% 23,737
100%
Ngun phng khch hng c nhn
Qua s liu ta thy c d n cho vay tiu dng lin tc tng trong 3 nm qua.
Cui nm 2007 ch tiu ny l 10,458 tng, n cui nm 2008 ln ti 13,267 t
ng, tng ng vi tc tng trng l 26.86% so vi nm 2007. n
31/12/2009 d n cho vay tiu dng t 23,737 t ng tng 78.92% so vi nm
2008, cao hn tc tng trng ca nm 2008 so vi nm 2007. S tng ln ny
cho thy ngn hng hot ng cho vay tiu dng ca ngn hng Cng Thng ti
chi nhnh ang ngy cng c m rng. Trong khong thi gian ny, cc ngn
hng mi mc ln v s m rng quy m ca cc chi nhnh ngn hng khc ngy
cng nhiu. Tuy nhin th phn ca ngn hng Cng Thng_chi nhnh Bnh nh
vn khng gim st m cn tng ln cho thy c uy tn ca ngn hng i vi
khch hng vn c duy tr.
- xxvi-
V c cu theo thi hn, ta thy hot ng cho vay tiu dng ca chi nhnh ch
yu l cc mn vay vi thi hn trung v di hn. T trng d n ngn hn lun
chim trn 70% tng d n cho vay tiu dng. C th, t trng d n trung v di
hn nm 2008 t 10,10 t ng chim 76.13% cao hn nm 2007 l 0.6%, nm
2009 t 18,277 t ng chim 77% so vi nm 2008 .Nh vy c cu cho vay
tiu dng c xu hng tng t trng cho vay trung v di hn, cc khon vay ch
yu phc v cho mc ch tiu dng i sng hng ngy nh: sa cha nh ,
mua trang thit b trong gia nh. Cc khon cho vay ngn hn chim t trng thp
v phn ln kh nng chi tr ca ngi dn cn thp, mc thu nhp kinh t Tnh
cn thp hn so vi thnh ph H Ch Minh . iu ny lm cho ngn hng b tn
ng trong vic s dng vn. Tuy nhin, ngn hng vn p ng nhu cu vay cho
ngi dn khi iu kin cho vay ca ngn hng.
Phn loi theo cho vay tiu dng c ti sn m bo v khng c ti sn m bo,
thng qua bng s liu th cc khon cho vay tiu dng c ti sn m bo lun
chim t trng cao hn. Nm 2007 cho vay tiu dng c ti sn m bo l 8,624
t ng chim 82,46% tng cho vay tiu dng, nm 2008 l 11,25 t ng chim
84,79% cao hn nm 2007. Tuy nhin n nm 2009 ngn hng m rng iu kin
cho vay khng c m bo ch yu l i vi cn b cng nhn vin c thu nhp
n nh, mc lng cao lm cho t trng d n ti sn m bo thp gim 8.92%
so vi nm 2009. iu ny chng t ngn sn phm cho vay i vi cn b cng
nhn vin c ngi tiu dng quan tm. i tng l cn b cng nhn vin
ang l mt khch hng tim n trong tng lai mang li li nhun cho hot ng
ngn hng.
Tuy hot ng cho vay tiu dng c pht trin, quy m c tng ln, song mc tng
ny l khng cao, n ch chim mt t l rt nh trong tng cho vay ca ngn hng
ti chi nhnh Bnh nh . Ta c bng t trng d n cho vay tiu dng so vi cho
vay tn dng ca ngn hng nh sau:
Bng 3: T trng d n cho vay tiu dng ca NHCT_chi nhnh Bnh nh
n v : t ng
Ch tiu
2007
2008
2009
D n cho vay
719.154 100% 754.778 100% 1088.608 100%
D n cho vay tiu
dng
10,458 1.45% 13,267 1.75% 23,737
2.18%
Nhn vo s liu ta thy t trng cho vay tiu dng tng dn qua cc nm 2007,
2008, 2009. Nm 2007 d n cho vay tiu dng chim 1.45% ; nm 2008 chim
- xxvii-
2007
2008
1.733
100%
1.335
10,80
0.62% 13,88
100%
2009
2.750
100%
1.03% 24,55
0.9%
- xxviii-
Kt qu t c
Qua cc ch tiu phn tch trn ta thy c hot ng cho vay tiu dng ca
NHCT- Chi nhnh Bnh nh ang ngy cng c m rng. Biu hin c s
tuyt i v c s tng i ca doanh s, d n, li nhun t hot ng cho vay
tiu dng, cc iu kin khch hng c th vay ngn hng cng ngy cng
c ni lng hn. Mc d t l cc khon cho vay c ti sn m bo cao nhng
thi gian va qua cc khon cho vay tiu dng c n qu hn chim t l thp.
Hot ng cho vay tiu dng ngy cng m rng, mc ng gp vo tng li
nhun t hot ng cho vay tuy cn b nhng ngy cng tng. S lng khch
hng tm n ngn hng vi mc ch vay tiu dng ngy cng ln, iu ny gp
phn to ra mt ngun huy ng vn ln cho Ngn hng ti chi nhnh Bnh nh
ni ring v ton b h thng NHCTVN ni chung. Bi i tng cho vay tiu
dng : c nhn, h sn xut, cc tng lp dn c cng chnh l i tng thu ht
tin gi tit kim ca mi ngn hng trong lu di, v thc t cho thy t trng
huy ng vn t ngun ny chim mt t l ng k trong tng ngun vn huy
ng bng vic a dng ha cc dch v sn phm cho vay tiu dng, ng dng
nhng cng ngh tin tin vo cc hot ng cho vay nng cao v th v uy tn
ca Ngn hng Cng Thng ti chi nhnh Bnh nh trong qu trnh cnh tranh
trn th trng, l im n an ton nhiu s la chn vi cht lng cao cho
khch hng. Qua a dng ha c cc sn phm, dch v, phn tn ri ro, a
dng ha u t, a dng ha khch hng theo ch trng, chnh sch ca ngn
hng. Cho vay tiu dng thu ht c mt s lng ln cn b cng nhn vin
ca cc c quan n v lm n c hiu qu , tht cht mi quan h giao dch vi
cc c quan n v m cn b cng nhn vin lm vic, lm tin cho k
hoch s dng cc sn phm ca ngn hng. T gp phn nng cao i sng
cho nhn dn, tng sc mua cho nn kinh t, kch thch sn xut kinh doanh pht
trin. Ngoi ra, vic ngn hng cho php cc cn b tn dng khng thuc phng
khch hng c nhn (phng khch hng doanh nghip) c th t mnh tm kim
khch hng trong mi lnh vc k c cho vay tiu dng gp phn tn dng c
mi mi quan h ca cn b tn dng, a dng ha khch hng, t hot ng
cho vay tiu dng ca khch hng c m rng hn. y l mt c im m cc
ngn hng khc cn phi hc tp.
- xxix-
2.2.
Hn ch v nguyn nhn
2.2.1.
Hn ch cn khc phc:
Mc d quy m cho vay tn dng ngy cng c gia tng nhng vn cha tng
xng vi tim nng hin c ca ngn hng, cha thc s p ng nhu cu th
trng, nhu cu ca ngi dn, cha c g c bit to ra u th cnh tranh trn
th trng. T trng cho vay tiu dng trn tng s ngun vn cn qu thp, quy
m doanh s cho vay chim t trng nh trong tng doanh s cho vay ca ngn
hng, li thu c t hot ng cho vay tiu dng cn rt nh so vi tng li t
hot ng tn dng. Trong nhng nm gn y, nht l cui nm 2008 th trng
cho vay tiu dng ln cn st , nhiu ngn hng vi cc chin lc khc nhau nh
to ra nhiu sn phm mi, cho vay ch trong 1 gi, 24 gi thm nh thu ht
c mt s lng khch hng vay tiu dng, to ra c mt khon li nhun rt
ln trong lnh vc ny. Trong khi ngn hng vn cha c hot ng g ni bt,
cha to c s n tng hay khc bit no c th cnh tranh vi cc ngn
hng khc cho thy s km linh hot ca ngn hng trong lnh vc ny.
Ngn hng cha thc s quan tm ng mc vo hot ng cho vay tiu dng.
Cc sn phm cho vay tiu dng cn qu ngho nn, cha a dng, khng c sn
phm mi. Ngn hng mi ch ch yu cho vay mua sm , sa cha nh ca
Dch v cho vay h tr du hc l dch v t ri ro, ngun thu ph tng i ln l
dch v c nhiu ngn hng tp trung khai thc, trong khi ti NHCT-Chi nhnh
Bnh nh, sn phm ny ch chim t trng rt nh.
Khch hng vn cn cha a dng, ch yu l khch hng truyn thng c mi
quan h lu nm vi chi nhnh, vic thu ht thm khch hng mi khng cao v
khng hiu qu. Ngn hng cn th ng trong vic tm kim khch hng, ch yu
l khch hng t tm n ngn hng ch ngn hng cha ch ng tm n khch
hng. Cha khai thc trit i vi cho vay tiu dng i vi cn b cng nhn
vin Nh nc bi h l nhng ngi c thu nhp n nh trong bi cnh nn kinh
t hin nay.
Xt v phng thc cho vay, cc khon vay ch yu l theo hnh thc trc tip,
hnh thc cho vay gin tip cha thc hin nhiu. Vic kt ni, phi hp vi cc
trung tm mua sm l mt bin php hu hiu trong m rng cho vay tiu dng
ang c nhiu ngn hng thc hin trong khi chi nhnh Bnh nh khng c
ch trng khai thc lm.
Cng tc tip th, marketing ca ngn hng cn hn ch, dn n vic th ng
ngi ch khch hng. Trong thi bui cnh tranh gay gt th hot ng marketing
rt quan trng khch hng c th bit v tm n ngn hng.
- xxx-
2.2.2.
Nguyn nhn:
- xxxi-
- xxxii-
Trong tnh hnh cnh tranh gay gt hin nay, hot ng marketing vi hng lot
cc cng vic: nghin cu, phn tch th trng pht hin v tho mn nhu cu
dn c, qung co tn tui, dch v, chm sc khch hngng mt vai tr v
cng quan trng trong vic khch trng tin ch trong cc dch v ca ngn hng.
Hn na tm l khch hng c nhn c thi quen bt chc s ng trong tiu
dng dch v, nht l trong lnh vc ngn hng.
Hot ng marketing ca ngn hng hin nay cn m nht, cha c ch trng,
ngn hng cha c chin lc c th bt ph, qung b hnh nh ca mnh. V
th, chi nhnh Bnh nh cn phi y mnh hn na hot ng ny lm cho
hnh nh ca ngn hng c nhiu ngi bit n hn. ng thi tng cng
gii thiu cc sn phm ni chung v cho vay tiu dng ni ring trn cc phng
tin thng tin i chng khc nh sch bo, tp ch, truyn hnh, mn hnh trn
my rt tin t ng ATM, trn cc bng chy qung co trn ng ph cc
dch v, tin ch hay chnh sch u i ca ngn hng.
Ngn hng nn lp ra mt phng marketing ring bit vi nhim v khch trng,
nng cao hnh nh ca s giao dch trong cc hot ng ni chung v hot ng
cho vay tiu dng ni ring.
1.2.
2. Kin ngh
2.1.
Nhn thy nhng tc dng tch cc, nhng li ch m hot ng cho vay tiu dng
mang li v xu hng pht trin ca n. Nh nc v cc c quan c thm quyn
cn phi c nhng chnh sch c th nh hng cho s pht trin cho vay tiu
dng, khuyn khch v to iu kin loi hnh ny pht trin v din ra mt
cch sun s. C th:
- Trc tin, Nh nc cn phi to ra mt mi trng kinh t u t an ton, vi
h thng chnh tr vng mnh. C gng duy tr mt nn kinh t n nh, lnh mnh
vi cc ch s mc hp l.
- Hon thin mi trng php lut vi cc ngh nh, thng t r rng, thng
thong, m bo s cng bng trong cnh tranh gia cc ngn hng thng mi
quc doanh v ngn hng thng mi c phn.
- Ban hnh cc vn bn php lut to iu kin m rng cc dch v, sn phm cho
vay tiu dng. n gin ha th tc cp giy chng nhn quyn s dng t,
quyn s hu nh to iu kin cho cc h gia nh, c nhn c iu kin
vay vn. ng thi ban hnh cc quy nh c th v nh gi t y nhanh
vic nh gi ti sn m bo, t y nhanh quy trnh cho vay tiu dng. Ngoi
ra nh nc cn phi chnh sa cc th tc cng chng, ng k giao dch m
bo vi cc hp ng cm c, th chp c din ra mt cch hp l, xa b
nhng th tc khng cn thit.
- To iu kin thun li cc ngn hng vi cc t chc bn sn phm tiu dng
c lin kt vi nhau trong vic cung cp sn phm cho khch hng. ng thi
to iu kin cho cc ngnh sn xut hng tiu dng pht trin, gp phn tng cung
v hng ha, dch v tiu dng, to thm cng n vic lm cho ngi lao ng,
nng cao cht lng i sng dn c, t s lng khch hng vay tiu dng s
tng ln.
- C c ch khuyn khch cc ngn hng lin kt vi nhau trong vic cung cp sn
phm dch v cho khch hng, c bit l trong lnh vc th thanh ton.
- xxxiv-
Ngn hng nh nc Vit Nam l c quan trc tip iu hnh hot ng ngn hng
trong ton b h thng, vi cc chnh sch, quy nh, nh hng khc nhau, nh
hng ln n hot ng ca cc ngn hng thng mi.
Bng cc quy nh, chnh sch khc nhau, ngn hng c th thc y hot ng tn
dng ni chung v hot ng cho vay tiu dng ni ring. Sau y l mt s kin
ngh i vi ngn hng Nh nc hot ng cho vay tiu dng c m rng
hn:
- Trc ht, hon thin Lut tn dng v cc vn bn php lut lin quan ti hot
ng tn dng ni chung v hot ng cho vay tiu dng ni ring trn c s
nghin cu xu hng pht trin ca th trng. T c cc iu chnh thch hp
nh thay i li sut, c ch cho vaylinh hot theo hng c li cho hot ng
ny, to iu kin thun li cho c ngn hng v khch hng. ng thi to iu
kin cho cc ngn hng thng mi ch ng tch cc hn trong vic php trin
cho vay tiu dng.
- Ngn hng Nh nc nn ra mt chin lc pht trin chung cho cc ngn
hng v hot ng cho vay tiu dng lm ng b ha hot ng ca cc ngn
hng, nhm to s thng nht v cnh tranh bnh ng gia cc ngn hng trong
hot ng cho vay tiu dng.
- Tng cng cng tc kim tra, thanh tra, gim st hot ng cho vay tiu dng
ca cc ngn hng thng mi hn ch cc sai phm, gim thiu ri ro cho ngn
hng, bo v li ch cho khch hng. ng thi ban hnh cc quy ch x pht vi
phm ca c ngn hng trong qu trnh thc hin.
2.3.
Kin ngh vi ngn hng CngThng Vit Nam_chi nhnh Bnh
nh
- Kp thi c vn bn ch o, hng dn nghip v khi c cc vn bn mi ca
NHCT VN, hoc chnh ph v ca cc ngnh c lin quan n nghip v cho vay
tiu dng. ng thi kp thi tho g cc vng mc cho cc phng giao dch c
vn bn gi ln hi s chnh.
-Tuyn dng thm i ng nhn vin nng ng nng cao cht lng lm vic.
- xxxv-
- xxxvi-
PHN KT LUN
Nh vy, qua phn tch trn, hot ng cho vay tiu dng ca Ngn hng Cng
Thng_chi nhnh Bnh nh tuy rng t c nhng thnh cng nht nh
trong khong thi gian gn y nhng vn cha thc s c ch trng v quan
tm thch ng, t l cho vay tiu dng trn ngun vn cn qu thp v cha h c
mt chin lc c th no pht trin hot ng ny. Hot ng cho vay tiu
dng mang li rt nhiu li ch cho ngn hng, khch hng v cho c nn kinh t .
V th ngn hng cn y mnh hn na hot ng ny. T nhng phn tch v
mi trng kinh doanh, li th v uy tn, nng lc, c s vt chtta c th khng
nh Ngn hng Cng Thng _chi nhnh Bnh nh hon ton c th m rng
hot ng cho vay tiu dng. Tuy nhin ngn hng cng cn phi i mt vi rt
nhiu kh khn, thch thc xut pht t bn thn ngn hng v t nhng nhn t
khch quan khc.
Trong tng lai, hot ng tn dng ni chung v hot ng cho vay tiu dng ni
ring ca chi nhnh s t c nhng thnh cng hn na, nng cao mc doanh
li, nng cao uy tn cho chi nhnh, s gp phn thc y qu trnh xy dng v i
mi pht trin ton din nn kinh t nc ta, thc hin cng cuc cng nghip ho
hin i ho t nc, a nn kinh t nc ta ho nhp vo qu trnh ton cu ho
nn kinh t.
- xxxvii-
nm 2007-2009.
- Cc cng vn v quyt nh ti Ngn hng Cng Thng_chi nhnh Bnh
nh.
- xxxviii-