1

TRNG CAO NG CNG NGH THNG TIN

HU NGH VIT HN
KHOA KHOA HC MY TNH

BO CO
THC TP TT NGHIP

Tn ti:
Nghin cu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc OSPF

Sinh vin thc hin

Lp

: Nguyn c Trung
: CCMM030C

Ging vin hng dn : Ths.ng Quang Hin

Nng, thng 5 nm 2012

Nghin cu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc OSPF

LI M U
1. L do chn ti
Nh chng ta bit, ni n mng my tnh l ni n truyn d liu trn mng.
Vy d liu trn mng c truyn nh th no? D liu trn mng c truyn nh cc
b nh tuyn thc thi cc gii thut chn ng i (hay chng ta vn gi l giao thc
nh tuyn).
Chng ta ni rt nhiu n giao thc nh tuyn, mt trong nhng giao thc
phi k n l giao thc nh tuyn Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). OSPF l mt giao
thc nh tuyn khng phi mi so vi th gii, tuy nhin thc t ti Vit Nam khng c
nhiu c quan, t chc, trng hc ... c mt h thng mng ln s dng Router v p
dng cc phng php nh tuyn, qun tr ti tn nht. Chnh v vy m cc khi nim v
nh tuyn hay cu hnh nh tuyn cng cha phi l ph bin i vi rt nhiu ngi.
Xc nh c tm quan trng ca giao thc ny trong h thng mng ngy nay nn
em chn v nghin cu ti "Nghin cu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao
thc OSPF" vi mc ch tm hiu su sc v c ch hot ng ca n cng nh pht
hin ra nhng nhc im tm nhng gii php khc phc nhng nhc im ny.
2. Mc tiu v nhim v nghin cu.
Nghin cu v giao thc nh tuyn OSPF.
Trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc nh tuyn OSPF bng cc thit b tht ca
hng Cisco.
3. i tng v phm vi nghin cu.
Nghin cu m hnh h thng mng vi giao thc nh tuyn OSPF.
Nghin cu trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc nh tuyn OSPF.
4. Nhng phng tin cng c c th trin khai.
Mt s Router 2600 ca hng Cisco, mt s PC u cui, cp mng Cat5e, cp
console, cp Serial.
5. Phng php nghin cu.
Di s hng dn ca ging vin hng dn.

Khoa Khoa hc my tnh Lp CCMM03C

Nguyn c Trung (91)

Nghin cu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc OSPF

Tm hiu cc ti liu lin quan v giao thc nh tuyn OSPF v h thng mng
c trin khai vi giao thc nh tuyn OSPF.
Trin khai h thng mng vi cc thit b tht ca hng Cisco kim chng l
thuyt nghin cu c.
6. D kin kt qu.
Hiu c su sc v giao thc nh tuyn OSPF.
Trin khai c mt h thng mng vi giao thc nh tuyn OSPF.
7. ngha khoa hc v thc tin.
- ngha khoa hc:
Cung cp mt b ti liu hc tp v tham kho cho cc kha sau.
Cung cp mt b ti liu tp hun trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc OSPF.
- ngha thc tin:
Sau khi thc hin ti c th gip sinh vin nng cao k nng nh tuyn vi mt
s thit b, cch xy dng mt h thng mng vi giao thc OSPF.
Trin khai c mt h thng mng vi giao thc nh tuyn OSPF.
8. t tn ti.
Tn ti c chn ph hp vi nhng ni dng s nghin cu v trin khai l
Nghin cu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc OSPF".

Khoa Khoa hc my tnh Lp CCMM03C

Nguyn c Trung (91)

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

c lp - T do - Hnh phc

PHIU NH GI
KT QU THC TP TT NGHIP CUI KHO CA SINH VIN
KHA HC: 2009 - 2012
- H v tn sinh vin:

Nguyn c Trung

- Ngy thng nm sinh: 03/09/1991

- Ni sinh: Thnh Ph Qui Nhn Tnh Bnh nh
- Lp: CCMM03C

Kha: 2009 2012

H o to: Cao ng

- Ngnh o to: Mng My Tnh

- Thi gian thc tp tt nghip: t ngy: 26/03/2012 n ngy: 04/05/2012
- Ti c quan: Trng Cao ng Cng Ngh Thng Tin Hu Ngh Vit Hn, Trung
Tm Cng Ngh Thng Tin.
- Ni dung thc tp:
+ Kho st m hnh mng ca trung tm, cc thit b m trung tm s dng.
+ Tm hiu qun l h thng mng v cc ng dng c sn ca trung tm.
+ Cch cu hnh mt h thng mng hon chnh vi mt s thit b.

1. Nhn xt v chuyn mn:

.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
2. Nhn xt v thi , tinh thn trch nhim, chp hnh ni quy, quy ch ca c
quan thc tp:
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................
3. Kt qu thc tp tt nghip: (chm theo thang im 10): ... ......................................
Nng, ngy 02 thng 05 nm 2012
CN B HNG DN
(K, ghi r h tn)

C QUAN TIP NHN SINH VIN THC TP

(K tn, ng du)

Nghin cu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc OSPF

MC LC
LI M U ..................................................................................................................... 2
MC LC ........................................................................................................................... 5
DANH MC CC HNH V ............................................................................................ 7
PHN I: GII THIU V TRNG CAO NG CNG NGH THNG TIN
HU NGH VIT HN.................................................................................................. 9
1. C QUAN THC TP ............................................................................................. 9
2. GII THIU CHUNG ............................................................................................... 9
2.1.

V Trng C CNTT hu ngh Vit Hn........................................................ 9

2.2.

V Trung Tm CNTT thuc Trng C CNTT hu ngh Vit Hn ............. 10

3. MC TIU HOT NG ...................................................................................... 11

4. T CHC HOT NG........................................................................................ 12
5. LNH VC HOT NG ...................................................................................... 12
PHN II: NGHIN CU V TRIN KHAI H THNG MNG VI GIAO
THC OSPF ..................................................................................................................... 15
1. CC GIAO THC TRONG NH TUYN IP...................................................... 15
1.1.

Khi nim .......................................................................................................... 15

1.2.

Phn loi ............................................................................................................ 15

1.2.1.

nh tuyn tnh ........................................................................................... 15

1.2.2.

nh tuyn ng.......................................................................................... 16

1.3.

Giao thc RIP (Routing Information Protocol) ................................................. 17

1.3.1.

Giao thc RIPv1 ......................................................................................... 17

1.3.2.

Giao thc RIPv2 ......................................................................................... 18

1.4.

Giao thc IGRP ................................................................................................. 18

1.5.

Giao thc EIGRP ............................................................................................... 19

2. GIAO THC NH TUYN OSPF ........................................................................ 19

2.1.

Khi nim .......................................................................................................... 19

2.2.

OSPF Gii quyt cc vn .............................................................................. 19

2.3.

ng gi bn tin OSPF...................................................................................... 19

Khoa khoa hc my tnh Lp CCMM03C

Nguyn c Trung (91)

Nghin cu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc OSPF

2.4.

Cc loi gi tin OSPF ........................................................................................ 20

2.5.

Gi tin Hello ...................................................................................................... 20

2.5.1.

Thit lp hng xm ..................................................................................... 21

2.5.2.

OSPF Hello v Dead Interval ..................................................................... 21

2.5.3.

OSPF link-state Update .............................................................................. 22

2.5.4.

Bu DR v BDR ......................................................................................... 22

2.6.

Xc thc ............................................................................................................. 22

2.7.

Cch xc n Router ID ..................................................................................... 23

2.8.

Bng nh tuyn ................................................................................................. 24

2.9.

QU TRNH LAN TRN BN TIN LSAs V BU CHN DR V BDR

TRONG MNG MULTIACCESS.............................................................................. 26

2.9.1.

Qu trnh lan trn bn tin LSAs .................................................................. 26

2.9.2.

Bu chn DR v BDR................................................................................. 27

2.10.

Metric OSPF................................................................................................... 28

2.11.

Cc cu lnh c bn trong OSPF ................................................................... 29

3. TRIN KHAI H THNG MNG S DNG GIAO THC NH TUYN

OSPF ............................................................................................................................... 30
3.1.

M hnh h thng mng s dng giao thc nh tuyn OSPF .......................... 30

3.2.

Cu hnh v kim tra h thng ........................................................................... 32

3.2.1.

Cu hnh giao thc OSPF ........................................................................... 32

3.2.2.

Kim tra h thng ....................................................................................... 39

3.3.

Ti u h thng.................................................................................................. 42

KT LUN ....................................................................................................................... 47
TI LIU THAM KHO................................................................................................ 48

Khoa khoa hc my tnh Lp CCMM03C

Nguyn c Trung (91)

Nghin cu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc OSPF

DANH MC CC HNH V
Hnh 1.1 Bng nh tuyn ................................................................................................... 16
Hnh 2.1 ng gi bn tin OSPF........................................................................................ 20
Hnh 2.2. Giao thc Hello .................................................................................................. 21
Hnh 2.3. Cu trc gi tin LSUs ......................................................................................... 22
Hnh 2.4. M hnh 3 router ................................................................................................. 23
Hnh 2.5. M hnh mng gm 3 router ............................................................................... 24
Hnh 2.6. Bng nh tuyn ca Router R1 ......................................................................... 25
Hnh 2.7. Bng nh tuyn ca Router R2 ......................................................................... 25
Hnh 2.8. Bng nh tuyn ca Router R3 ......................................................................... 26
Hnh 2.9. Qu trnh lan trn bn tin LSAs.......................................................................... 27
Hnh 2.10. Gi tr Cost ca OSPF ...................................................................................... 29
Hnh 3.1. M hnh h thng mng...................................................................................... 31
Hnh 3.2. Cc interface trn router R1 ............................................................................... 35
Hnh 3.3. Cc interface trn router R2 ............................................................................... 35
Hnh 3.4. Cc interface trn router R3 ............................................................................... 36
Hnh 3.5. Thng s TCP/IP ca PC1.................................................................................. 36
Hnh 3.6. Thng s TCP/IP ca PC2.................................................................................. 37
Hnh 3.7. Thng s TCP/IP ca PC3.................................................................................. 37
Hnh 3.8. Cu hnh OSPF trn router R1 ........................................................................... 38
Hnh 3.9. Cu hnh OSPF trn router R2 ........................................................................... 38
Hnh 3.10. Cu hnh OSPF trn router R3 ......................................................................... 39
Hnh 3.11. Bng nh tuyn trn router R1 ........................................................................ 39
Hnh 3.12. Bng nh tuyn trn router R2 ........................................................................ 40
Hnh 3.13. Bng nh tuyn trn router R3 ........................................................................ 40
Hnh 3.14. Ping t PC1 PC2 .......................................................................................... 41
Hnh 3.15. Ping t PC1 PC3 .......................................................................................... 41
Hnh 3.16. Ping t PC2 PC3 .......................................................................................... 42
Hnh 3.17. Lnh show ip protocols .................................................................................... 42
Hnh 3.18. Lnh show ip ospf ............................................................................................ 43
Khoa khoa hc my tnh Lp CCMM03C

Nguyn c Trung (91)

Nghin cu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc OSPF

Hnh 3.19. Lnh show ip ospf interface ............................................................................. 43

Hnh 3.20. Lnh show ip ospf neighbor trn R1 ................................................................ 44
Hnh 3.21. Lnh show ip ospf neighbor trn R2 ................................................................ 44
Hnh 3.22. Lnh show ip ospf neighbor trn R3 ................................................................ 45
Hnh 3.23. Gi tr OSPF cost trn R1 ................................................................................. 45
Hnh 3.24. Bng thng ca giao din Serial 0/0 trn R1 .................................................... 46

Khoa khoa hc my tnh Lp CCMM03C

Nguyn c Trung (91)

Nghin cu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc OSPF

PHN I: GII THIU V TRNG CAO NG CNG NGH

THNG TIN HU NGH VIT HN
1.

C QUAN THC TP
Tn c quan: Trng Cao ng Cng Ngh Thng Tin Hu Ngh Vit Hn, Trung

Tm Cng Ngh Thng Tin.

a ch: Phng Ha Qu Qun Ng Hnh Sn Thnh ph Nng.
Email: webmaster@viethanit.edu.vn
Website: http://www.viethanit.edu.vn
2.

GII THIU CHUNG

2.1.

V Trng C CNTT hu ngh Vit Hn

Trng Cao ng Cng ngh Thng tin Hu ngh Vit - Hn (tn ting Anh:

Vietnam - Korea Friendship Information College) l trng cao ng cng lp trc thuc
B Thng tin v Truyn thng, c tr s ti Nng. Trng c chc nng o to
ngun nhn lc cng ngh thng tin trnh cao ng, p dng m hnh v phng php
o to cng ngh thng tin tin tin ca Hn Quc.
y l d n hp tc tiu biu tng trng cho mi quan h hp tc hu ngh pht
trin khng ngng gia Vit Nam v Hn Quc sau khi hai nc thit lp quan h ngoi
giao nm 1992, nhm o to ngun nhn lc cng ngh thng tin phc v cho s nghip
cng nghip ho, hin i ho ca Vit Nam ni chung v khu vc min Trung - Ty
Nguyn ni ring.
Lch s hnh thnh trng
- T ngy 15/9 n ngy 19/9/2003, on cn b cp cao ca Chnh ph Vit Nam
tham gia chnh thc Hn Quc do Th tng Chnh ph Phan Vn Khi dn u theo li
mi ca Th tng Hn Quc Goh Kun. Trong bui tip on Chnh ph Vit Nam ca
Tng thng Hn Quc, Ngi Tng thng Hn Quc Roh Moo Hyun cng b gip Vit
Nam xy dng trng Cao ng Cng ngh thng tin Hu ngh Vit Hn vi mn qu tr
gi 10 triu USD.
- Thng 12-2003: Th tng Chnh ph giao cho B Bu chnh Vin thng lm ch u
t xy dng Trng Cao ng Cng ngh thng tin Hu ngh Vit Hn

Khoa khoa hc my tnh Lp CCMM03C

Nguyn c Trung (91)

Nghin cu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc OSPF

10

- Thng 11-2004: Ch tch UBND thnh ph Nng ph duyt quy hoch m ng

cng cng vo Trng Cao ng Cng ngh thng tin Hu ngh Vit Hn.
- Thng 6-2005: UBND thnh ph Nng ph duyt phng n bi thng thit hi
gii phng mt bng, h tr ti nh c d n Trng C CNTT Hu ngh Vit Hn,
qun Ng Hnh Sn, thnh ph Nng.
- Thng 12-2005: B trng B gio dc v o to quyt nh ng v nguyn tc
vic thnh lp Trng C CNTT Hu ngh Vit Hn ti Nng.
- Thng 1-2006: Ti thnh ph Nng, B Bu chnh vin thng phi hp vi C quan
Hp tc quc t Hn Quc (KOICA) t chc l ng th khi cng xy dng Trng
C CNTT Hu ngh Vit Hn.
- Thng 2-2006: B trng Bu chnh vin thng ra quyt nh thnh lp Ban Qun l d
n u t xy dng Trng C CNTT Hu ngh Vit Hn.
- Thng 9-2006: B trng B Bu chnh vin thng gi cng vn n B Gio dc v
o to v vic xin c cch quyt nh thnh lp Trng C CNTT Hu ngh VitHn.
- Thng 5-2007: B Gio dc v o to ra quyt nh Trng C CNTT Hu ngh Vit
Hn l mt trng cao ng cng lp trc thuc B Bu chnh Vin thng.
- Thng 8-2007: Trng C Cng ngh thng tin Hu ngh Vit- Hn chnh thc tuyn
sinh kha u tin (nm hc 2007- 2008) theo hnh thc xt tuyn. Vi ch tiu tuyn sinh
l 720 sinh vin cho 4 ngnh gm 08 chuyn ngnh o to: Lp trnh my tnh, C s d
liu, Mng my tnh, ha my tnh, Thit k Kin trc in ton, Qun tr thng tin
Marketing, Thng mi in t, Qung co v Quan h cng ng.
2.2.

V Trung Tm CNTT thuc Trng C CNTT hu ngh Vit Hn

Chc nng
Trung tm Cng ngh thng tin gip Hiu trng trong cng tc nghin cu xy

dng v h tr cc chng trnh v cng ngh thng tin. Trung tm Cng ngh thng tin
c cc nhim v ch yu sau:
Xy dng v t chc thc hin k hoch h tr thng tin cho cng tc qun l v
cng tc o to ca trng, bao gm; h tr ti nguyn cng ngh thng tin (c phn
cng v phn mm); cc ng dng v h thng, mng, EMS, SMS; lp k hoch tch hp
Khoa khoa hc my tnh Lp CCMM03C

Nguyn c Trung (91)

Nghin cu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc OSPF

11

mng, phn cng h thng; pht trin v bo tr cc chng trnh ng dng.Phi hp vi

cc khoa, cc trung tm hu quan nghin cu, pht trin ti nguyn cng ngh thng tin
phc v cho cng tc qun l v o to.
Lp k hoch v t chc vic lin kt nghin cu pht trin cng ngh thng tin vi
cc t chc, c nhn ngoi trng.
Nhim v
Vn hnh, bo dng cc h thng thit b vin thng, cng ngh thng tin ca
trng; Pht trin v qun l h thng mng my tnh, qun tr h thng thng tin ca
Trng.
Duy tr kt ni mng ni b vi mng din rng, cung cp v qun l cc dch v
Internet. Pht trin v qun l cc ng dng, dch v trn mng ca Trng; pht trin v
qun l web site ca Trng.
T chc thc hin cc dch v v chuyn giao cng ngh, t vn v x l thng
tin; xy dng, tuyn chn, khai thc, ph bin phn mm qun l gio dc, phn mm dy
hc cho cc n v trong trng.
ng dng CNTT v truyn thng vo cc hot ng thu thp, x l, lu tr v
cung cp thng tin: phn tch s liu v gio dc o to phc v cng tc qun l ca
Trng. Phi hp vi cc khoa trong vic h tr ging dy thc hnh; ng dng cc cng
ngh mi trong gio dc; Tham gia thc hin chng trnh pht trin o to t xa v cc
chng trnh, d n khc c lin quan.
Phi hp xut nhng ni dung nghin cu khoa hc v lnh vc thng tin, pht
trin cng ngh thng tin trong gio dc o to; ng dng kt qu nghin cu vo thc
tin. Tham gia thm nh cc d n CNTT do Trng qun l. Lu tr v bo mt d liu
ca ton trng trn h thng my ch ca Trng.
3.

MC TIU HOT NG
Trng c nhim v o to C cng ngh thng tin (CNTT) h chnh qui, p dng

m hnh v phng php o to CNTT ca Hn Quc nhm o to ngun nhn lc

CNTT Vit Nam; bi dng, o to theo cc chuyn v CNTT, o to CNTT cc h
trung cp, k thut vin theo nhu cu x hi v theo nh hng pht trin kinh t x hi
trong khu vc min Trung v Ty nguyn...
Khoa khoa hc my tnh Lp CCMM03C

Nguyn c Trung (91)

Nghin cu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc OSPF

4.

T CHC HOT NG

5.

LNH VC HOT NG

12

o to v lnh vc cng ngh thng tin vi 4 chuyn ngnh chnh nh:

-

Ngnh tin hc ng dng

+ Chuyn ngnh ha my tnh: trang b cho sinh vin kh nng s dng thnh

tho cc cng c thit k ha vi tnh trong vic lp m hnh, thit k v to cc i

tng ha trong khng gian 2D/3D; kin thc c bn v ngnh thit k m thut, thit
k sn phm ha, thit k cng nghip, qun l d liu ha v cc cng c thit k
ha 2D/3D; nng cao kh nng kt hp l thuyt v thc hnh thit k cc n
thit k ha c bn.
+ Chuyn ngnh thit k kin trc: trang b cho sinh vin kin thc c bn ca
ngnh kin trc xy dng & lut xy dng; kh nng thc hnh thit k v th hin cc
Khoa khoa hc my tnh Lp CCMM03C

Nguyn c Trung (91)

Nghin cu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc OSPF

13

n kin trc xy dng bng my tnh in ton; s dng thnh tho cc phn mm my
tnh h tr qu trnh thit k kin trc.
+ Chuyn ngnh thit k c tin: trang b cho ngi hc kin thc v k thut thit
k, ch to c kh - thit k t ng ha. Sau khi tt nghip, k s thc hnh chuyn
ngnh thit k c tin c trnh l thuyt v k nng thc hnh vng vng, c kh nng
t o to v nng cao trnh lm vic trong cc lnh vc thit k, ch to chi tit
my, lp t cc thit b c kh, thc hin bo tr, bo dng cc thit b c kh, t ng
ha trong cc nh my, dy chuyn sn xut, c kh nng t chc v lp k hoch qun l
mt t, nhm sn xut, c kh nng cp nht kin thc nng cao trnh ph hp vi nhu
cu cng vic.
+ Chuyn ngnh tin hc vin thng: trang b cho sinh vin kin thc chuyn mn
v lnh vc in t s v t ng ha trn c s cc kin thc v cng ngh thng tin v
in t bn dn, bn cnh sinh vin cng c trang b y cc kin thc v truyn
thng s c th thch ng lm vic trong mi trng hi t cng ngh thng tin v t
ng ha. Mc tiu o to ca b mn l o to k s thc hnh trong lnh vc in t
cng ngh cao v t ng ha.
-

Ngnh khoa hc my tnh

+ Chuyn ngnh h thng thng tin : cung cp vn kin thc, kh nng thit k

v xy dng h c s d liu mt cch c bn. Sau khi hc xong, sinh vin hiu c bn
cht v cch t chc h c s d liu, v c th lm cc cng vic nh: c kh nng thit
k, xy dng v qun l c s d liu (CSDL) mt cch c h thng; qun tr iu hnh
mt h CSDL; bo tr v nng cp CSDL; pht trin c cc ng dng s dng CSDL
trong cc mi trng khc nhau.
+ Chuyn ngnh mng my tnh: cung cp cho sinh vin nhng kin thc c bn
v mng my tnh v d liu, cc giao thc hot ng trong mng, k thut kt ni mng
LAN, WAN, ng thi trang b cc kin thc khc v mng nh qun tr mng, mng
khng dy, an ninh mng, chuyn mch v nh tuyn d liu. Ngoi ra, sinh vin cn
c trang b kh nng v lp trnh mng. Vi chng trnh o to ch trng vo thc
hnh trn cc thit b v dng c v mng my tnh nn cc sinh vin khi ra trng s c
k nng v thc hnh v c th p ng ngay c cng vic trong thc t.
Khoa khoa hc my tnh Lp CCMM03C

Nguyn c Trung (91)

Nghin cu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc OSPF

14

+ Chuyn ngnh lp trnh my tnh: o to ra nhng lp trnh vin my tnh

chuyn nghip, nhng ngi s hiu bit v s dng thnh tho cc cng c, cc ngn
ng lp trnh khc nhau c th tham gia, thit k, xy dng, khai thc v pht trin
phn mm trong cc lnh vc ng dng cng ngh thng tin hin nay trn th gii cng
nh Vit Nam. Ngoi vic trang b cc k nng ngh nghip, p ng vi trnh Cao
ng, sinh vin cn c trang b cc l lun, cc hiu bit v kin thc x hi, cng nh
cc lnh vc ng dng ca cng ngh thng tin trong tng lai.
-

Ngnh qun tr kinh doanh

+ Chuyn ngnh thng mi in t: o to c nhn nm vng nhng kin thc

c bn v v my tnh, k nng thao tc, l lun c bn v thng mi in t, qu trnh

kinh doanh trn mng; c kin thc v k nng chuyn su v thit k, lp trnh, qun tr
c s d liu web cng nh nm vng cc tin trnh, lut l c lin quan n thng mi
in t cng cc k nng marketing, giao dch v thanh ton trn mng Internet; bit vn
dng k thut thng mi in t, khai thc thng tin trn Internet v thng tin my tnh
thc hin ton b qu trnh kinh doanh trn mng Internet.
+ Chuyn ngnh qung co v quan h cng chng (PR): sinh vin c trang b
cc kin thc chuyn ngnh qung co, quan h cng chng, cc k nng quan h vi
khch hng v cc kin thc kinh doanh c bn.
-

Ngnh marketing
o to c nhn c k nng nghin cu, phn tch, hoch nh v tc nghip cc

hot ng thuc lnh vc marketing trong mi trng truyn thng v mi trng trc
tuyn da trn s h tr ca cng ngh thng tin.

Khoa khoa hc my tnh Lp CCMM03C

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Nghin cu v trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc OSPF

15

PHN II: NGHIN CU V TRIN KHAI H THNG MNG

VI GIAO THC OSPF
1.

CC GIAO THC TRONG NH TUYN IP

1.1.

Khi nim
nh tuyn l cch thc m Router (b nh tuyn) hoc thit b mng khc s dng

truyn pht cc gi tin ti a ch ch trn mng.

Khi nim routing gn lin vi mng Intranet v Internet s dng mt m hnh nh
tuyn hop-by-hop. iu ny c ngha rng mi PC hay Router s tin hnh kim tra
trng a ch ch trong phn tiu ca gi IP, tnh ton chng tip theo (Next hop)
tng bc chuyn gi IP dn n ch ca n v cc Router c tip tc pht cc gi ti
chng tip theo nh vy cho ti khi cc gi IP n c ch.
1.2.

Phn loi
C 2 loi nh tuyn: nh tuyn tnh v nh tuyn ng

1.2.1. nh tuyn tnh

Trong bng nh tuyn gm:

a ch mng v subnet mask v a ch IP ca router tip theo hoc exit

interface.

c k hiu l ch S trong bng nh tuyn.

Chng ta s dng nh tuyn tnh khi :

Khi mng ch c 1 vi router hay m hnh mng n gin .

Mng c kt ni vi Internet ch thng qua 1 ISP.

M hnh Hub & spoke c s dng trn 1 mng ln.

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Hnh 1.1 Bng nh tuyn

1.2.2. nh tuyn ng
Giao thc nh tuyn ng c s dng bi cc router chia s thng tin v tnh
trng ca cc mng t xa. Giao thc nh tuyn ng thc hin 1 s hot ng bao gm:
Khm ph mng.
Cp nht v duy tr bng nh tuyn.
im c trng ca nh tuyn ng l:
T ng khm ph mng
Duy tr bng nh tuyn.
Cc loi nh tuyn ng:
1. RIP(Routing Information Protocol).
2. IGRP(Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)
3. EIGRP(Enhanced IGRP)
4. OSPF(Open Shortest Path First)
5. IS-IS(Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System )
6. BGP (Border Gateway Protocol).
Cc thut ton tm ng :gm 2 loi

Giao thc nh tuyn Distance vector : Cc giao thc nh tuyn thuc loi ny

nh RIP,IGRP........

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Hot ng theo nguyn tc Neighbors, ngha l mi router s gi bng nh tuyn

ca mnh cho tt c router kt ni trc tip vi n. Cc router sau so snh vi bng
nh tuyn m mnh hin c v kim tra li cc tuyn ng ca mnh vi cc tuyn
ng mi nhn c, tuyn ng no ti u hn s c a vo bng nh tuyn cc
gi tin update s c gi theo chu k (30s vi RIP, 90s vi EIGRP).
Giao thc nh tuyn Link-state : Cc giao thc nh tuyn thuc loi ny nh :
OSPF, IS-IS
Link-state khng gi bng nh tuyn ca mnh, m ch gi trng thi ca cc
ng link trong linkstate database ca mnh i cho cc router khc, cc router s p dng
gii thut SPF (shortest path first), t xy dng bng nh tuyn ring cho mnh. Khi
mng hi t, link state protocol s khng gi update nh k m ch gi khi no c s
thay i trong mng.
1.3.

Giao thc RIP (Routing Information Protocol)

Routing Information Protocol (RIP) l giao thc nh tuyn vector khong cch

(Distance Vector Protocol) xut hin sm nht. N sut hin vo nm 1970 bi Xerox
nh l mt phn ca b giao thc Xerox Networking Services (XNS). Mt iu k l l
RIP c chp nhn rng ri trc khi c mt chun chnh thc c xut bn. Mi n
nm 1988 RIP mi c chnh thc ban b trong RFC1058 bi Charles Hedrick. RIP
c s dng rng ri do tnh cht n gin v tin dng ca n.
Giao thc nh tuyn RIP c 2 phin bn RIPv1 v RIPv2.
1.3.1. Giao thc RIPv1
c im: RIPv1 (RIP phin bn 1) l giao thc nh tuyn theo vect khong cch
nn qung b ton b bng nh tuyn ca n cho cc router lng ging theo nh k. Chu
k cp nht ca RIP l 30 giy. Thng s nh tuyn ca RIP l s lng hop, gi tr ti
a l 15 hop.
RIPv1 l giao thc nh tuyn theo lp a ch. Khi RIP router nhn thng tin v mt
mng no t mt cng, trong thng tin nh tuyn ny khng c thng tin v subnet
mask i km. Do router s ly subnet mask ca cng p dng cho a ch mng m
n nhn c t cng ny. Nu subnet mask ny khng ph hp th n s ly subnet mask
mc nh theo lp a ch p dng cho a ch mng m n nhn c.
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Mt s hn ch ca RIPv1:
- Khng gi thng tin subnet mask trong thng tin nh tuyn
- Gi qung b thng tin nh tuyn theo a ch 255.255.255.255
- Khng h tr xc minh thng tin nhn c
- Khng h tr VLSM v CIDR (Classless Interdomain Routing)
1.3.2. Giao thc RIPv2
RIPv2 c pht trin t RIPv1 nn c nhiu c im ging RIPv1:
- L mt giao thc nh tuyn theo vct khong cch, s dng s hop lm thng s nh
tuyn.
- S dng thi gian holddown chng lp (loop), thi gian ny mc nh l 180 giy.
- S dng c ch split horizon chng loop.
- Gi tr hop ti a l 15
RIPv2 c gi subnet mask i km vi cc a ch mng trong thng tin nh tuyn v
vy RIPv2 c h tr VLSM v CIDR. RIPv2 cng h tr vic xc minh thng tin nh
tuyn. V vy ta c th cu hnh cho RIP gi v nhn thng tin xc minh trn cng giao
tip ca router bng m ha MD5 hay khng m ha.
1.4.

Giao thc IGRP

Trc nhng nhc im vn c ca RIP nh: metric l hop count, kch thc mng

ti a l 15 hop. Cisco pht trin mt giao thc c quyn ca ring mnh l IGRP
khc phc nhng nhc im .
C th l metric ca IGRP l s t hp ca 5 yu t, mc nh l bandwidth v
delay: Bandwidth, Delay Load, Reliability, Maximum transfer unit (MTU).
IGRP khng s dng hop count trong metric ca mnh, tuy nhin n vn theo di
c hop count. Mt mng ci t IGRP th kch thc mng c th nn ti 255 hop.
u im na ca IGRP so vi RIP l n h tr c unequal-cost load sharing v
thi gian update lu hn RIP gp 3 ln. (90 giy).
Tuy nhin bn cnh nhng u im ca mnh so vi RIP, IGRP cng c nhng
nhc im l giao thc c quyn ca Cisco.

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1.5.

19

Giao thc EIGRP

L mt giao thc m rng ca IGRP, c pht trin bi Cisco. IGRP l classful

routing protocol, cn EIGRP l classless routing protocol.

EIGRP l mt giao thc nh tuyn lai (hybrid routing), n va mang nhng c
im ca distance vector va mang mt s c im ca link-state.
EIGRP h tr VLSM v CIDR nn s dng hiu qu khng gian a ch. S dng
a ch multicast (224.0.0.10) trao i thng tin cp nht nh tuyn.
2.

GIAO THC NH TUYN OSPF

2.1.

Khi nim
OSPF l giao thc nh tuyn dng Link-State da trn chun m c pht trin

thay th phng thc Distance Vector (RIP). RIP l mt giao thc nh tuyn c chp
nhn trong nhng ngy u ca mng v Internet, nhng do ph thuc vo s lng hop
m router c th i c ch l 15 nn RIP nhanh chng khng th chp nhn c trong
cc mng ln hn. Cc mng ln hn cn 1 gii php nh tuyn mnh m hn. OSPF l 1
giao thc nh tuyn classless m s dng khi nim vng cho kh nng m rng. N s
dng thng s cost tnh ng i tt nht. OSPF s dng bng thng nh l thc o
chi ph.
2.2.

2.3.

OSPF Gii quyt cc vn

Tc hi t nhanh

H tr VLSM (Variable length subnet mask)

Kch thc mng c th h tr ln

Chn ng theo trng thi ng lin kt hiu qu hn distance vector

ng i linh hot hn.

H tr xc thc (Authenticate).

ng gi bn tin OSPF
Phn d liu ca 1 thng bo OSPF c ng trong 1 gi. Trng d liu ny c

th bao gm 1 trong 5 loi bn tin OSPF.

Cc gi tiu OSPF c gi km vi mi gi tin OSPF, bt k loi bn tin no
ca OSPF. Cc OSPF header v loi gi d liu c th c gi gn trong gi tin IP.
Trong gi tiu IP, trng giao thc c thit lp bng 89 cho bit l OSPF, v a
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ch ch c thit lp l 1 trong 2 a ch multicast: 224.0.0.5 hoc 224.0.0.6. Nu gi

OSPF c ng gi trong 1 khung Ethernet, a ch MAC ch cng l 1 a ch
multicast : 01-00-5E-00-00-05 hoc 01-00-5E-00-00-06.

Hnh 2.1 ng gi bn tin OSPF

2.4.

Cc loi gi tin OSPF

Hello : dng thit lp v duy tr mi quan h hng xm vi nhng router

khc .

DBD : gi tin ny dng chn la router no s c trao i thng tin

trc (master/slave)

LSR : Link state request gi tin ny dng ch nh loi LSA dng trong

tin trnh trao i gi tin DBD.

LSU : Link-state update c s dng tr li LSRs cng nh cng b

thng tin mi.LSUs cha 7 loi khc nhau ca LSAs.

LSAck : khi 1 LSU c nhn,router gi 1 Link-State Acknowledgement

(LSAck) xc nhn LSU.

2.5.

Gi tin Hello
Gi OSPF loi 1 l gi OSPF Hello. Cc gi Hello c s dng :

Khm ph hng xm OSPF v thit lp hng xm gn k.

Qung b cc thng s trn 2 con router m l hng xm ca nhau.

Bu chn DR v BDR trn mng multiaccess v Ethernet nh Frame Relay.

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2.5.1. Thit lp hng xm

Trc khi 1 router OSPF gi trng thi lin kt ca n ti tt c cc router khc,
trc tin n phi xc nh xem c bt k hng xm OSPF no trn bt k lin kt no
ca n. Trong hnh, router OSPF ang gi nhng gi Hello ra tt c cc cng ca n cho
php cc cng ca n xc nh xem c bt k hng xm no trn lin kt khng.
Thng tin trong OSPF Hello bao gm OSPF Router ID ca router ang gi gi Hello.
Nhn 1 gi OSPF Hello trn giao din xc nhn cho 1 router m c router OSPF khc
trn lin kt ny. Sau OSPF c thit lp l hng xm gn k.

Hnh 2.2. Giao thc Hello

2.5.2. OSPF Hello v Dead Interval
Trc khi 2 router c th hnh thnh hng xm gn k, chng phi ng v 3 gi
tr thi gian Hello, cng thi gian duy tr Dead Interval, v kiu mng.
Thi gian Hello ch ra vic gi Hello gi thng xuyn th no mc nh vi mng
multiaccess v point-to-point l 10s v 30s vi mng non-broadcast multiaccess (NBMA).
Trong hu ht trng hp, gi OSPF Hello gi nh multicast n 1 a ch dnh
ring cho tt c SPF router ti 224.0.0.5. S dng a ch multicast cho php thit b b
qua cc gi d liu nu cc cng ca n khng c kch hot chp nhn cc gi tin
OSPF. Dead Interval l thi gian m router ch trc khi cho hng xm vo trng thi
down. Thi gian ny theo cisco mc nh l gp 4 ln thi gian Hello. Vi mng
multiaccess v point-to-point l 40s v vi NBMA l 120s.
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2.5.3. OSPF link-state Update

Link-state updates (LSU) l gi tin c s dng cp nht nh tuyn OSPF. Mt
gi LSU c th cha 10 loi bn tin khc nhau ca link-state Advertisements (LSAs) nh
hin th hnh bn di. S khc nhau gia cc iu khon LSU v LSA i khi c th
kh hiu. i khi nhng thut ng ny c dng ln ln. Mt LSU cha 1 hoc nhiu
LSAs v cc iu khon khc c th c s dng tuyn truyn thng tin trng thi
lin kt bi router OSPF.

Hnh 2.3. Cu trc gi tin LSUs

2.5.4. Bu DR v BDR
gim lu lng truy cp trn cc mng multiaccess, OSPF bu 1 DR v 1 BDR.
DR c nhim v cp nht router khc (gi l DROthers) khi c s thay i trong mng.
BDR d phng cho DR.
2.6.

Xc thc
Ging nh cc giao thc nh tuyn khc OSPF c th c cu hnh xc thc.

RIPV2, EIGRP, OSPF, IS-IS v BGP tt c u c cu hnh m ho v xc thc

thng tin nh tuyn iu ny m bo rng cc con router ch chp nhn thng tin nh
tuyn t router khc c cu hnh vi cng mt khu v thng tin xc thc.

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2.7.

23

Cch xc n Router ID
Cc OSPF Router ID c s dng nhn din tng router trong vng nh tuyn

OSPF. Mt router ID ch n gin l 1 a ch IP. Router cisco chn router id da trn 3

tiu ch :

S dng a ch IP c cu hnh vi lnh router-id .

Nu router-id khng c cu hnh th router chn a ch IP cao nht ca

bt k cng

loopback no.

Nu khng c cng loopback c cu hnh th router s chon a ch IP cao

nht ca bt k cng vt l no ca n ang hot ng .

V D : Cho m hnh nh hnh v

Hnh 2.4. M hnh 3 router

Bi v chng ta khng cu hnh router id hoc cng loopback nn chng ta xc
nh router id da vo iu kin th 3. Ta c th s dng lnh show ip protocol kim
tra router id. Mt s IOS khng hin th c nh hnh v th ta s dng lnh show ip
ospf interface. Nh th hin trong hnh router id ca mi router l :
R1: 192.168.10.5, which is higher than either 172.16.1.17 or 192.168.10.1
R2: 192.168.10.9, which is higher than either 10.10.10.1 or 192.168.10.2
R3: 192.168.10.10, which is higher than either 172.16.1.33 or 192.168.10.6

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2.8.

24

Bng nh tuyn
Xt m hnh nh hnh v sau khi mang hi t th mi router s c 1 bng nh tuyn

ca n nh trong hnh v:

Hnh 2.5. M hnh mng gm 3 router

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Ta dng lnh show ip route thy bng nh tuyn ca tng router:

Hnh 2.6. Bng nh tuyn ca Router R1

Hnh 2.7. Bng nh tuyn ca Router R2

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Hnh 2.8. Bng nh tuyn ca Router R3

OSPF c 5 kiu mng :

2.9.

Point-to-point

Broadcast Multiaccess.

Nonbroadcast Multiaccess (NBMA).

Point-to-multipoint.

Virtual links.

QU TRNH LAN TRN BN TIN LSAs V BU CHN DR V BDR

TRONG MNG MULTIACCESS

2.9.1. Qu trnh lan trn bn tin LSAs
Bn tin LSAs c gi i khi khi to hoc khi c s thay i ca m hnh mng.
Nh trong hnh v:

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Hnh 2.9. Qu trnh lan trn bn tin LSAs

Do tt c router trong mng u l lt gi bn tin LSAs s lm cho lu lng mng
tr nn tc nghn khng lu thng c. Gii php ua ra l phi bu chn DR v BDR.
2.9.2. Bu chn DR v BDR
qun l c lu lng mng cng nh s lng bn tin LSAs ta bu DR v
BDR. DR c nhim v thu thp v phn phi bn tin LSAs. BDR dung d phng trong
trng hp DR khng hot ng. Cc con router khc gi l DROthers.
Cch thc hot ng:
Thay v phi gi lan trn bn tin LSAs th DROthers ch gi LSAs ca n cho DR
v BDR s dung a chi 224.0.0.6.trong trng hp ny R1 gi LSA cho DR v BDR,
Sau BDR lng nghe xem DR c hot ng tt hay khng. Sau DR c nhim v
chuyn tip cc LSAs ti tt c cc router khc trong mng bng a ch 224.0.0.5. Kt
qu cui cng ch 1 router lm nhim v gi lan trn cc LSAs.
Cc tiu ch bu DR v BDR:

DR : router vi u tin ca cng l cao nht

BDR : router vi u tin ca cng l cao th 2

Nu u tin bng nhau th Router ID cao nht c s dng lm DR

Mc nh u tin l 1
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Thi gian bu chn DR v BDR ch din ra trong vng vi giy ngay sau khi router
khi ng vi vic kch hot giao thc OSPF hoc mng Multiaccess. Khi 1 router c
bu lm DR th n vn l DR cho n khi 1 trong cc iu kin sau thay i

DR b hng

Tin trnh OSPF trn con DR b hng

Cng Multiaccess trn con DR b hng

2.10. Metric OSPF

Metric OSPF c gi l cost. OSPF s dng cost nh l metric xc nh ng
i tt nht. gi tr cost cng nh cng tt v cost c tnh theo cng thc:
108 / bandwidth
Bng thng mc nh l 100Mbps gi tr ny c th thay i c nh cu lnh.
auto-cost reference-Bandwidth
Cost ca mt tuyn ng l gi tr tch lu t 1 router ti router k tip cho ti khi
n ch.

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Hnh 2.10. Gi tr Cost ca OSPF

2.11. Cc cu lnh c bn trong OSPF
Cu hnh c bn
Router(config)#router ospf 10
Router(config-router)#network 10.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 area 1
Router(config-router)#network 30.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 a 2
Router(config-router)#network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0
Router(config-router)#auto-cost reference-bandwidth 1000
Router (config-router)#router-id 10.0.0.1
Router(config-router)#end
Cu hnh priority cc interface bu DR v BDR
Router(config)#interface s0/0
Router(config-if)#ip ospf priority 50
Cu hnh authentication n gin
Router(config-if)#ip ospf authentication-key password
Router(config-router)#area area number authentication
Cu hnh authentication theo dng m ho, bo mt cao.

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Router(config-if)#ip ospf message-digest-key key ID md5 encryption-type key

Router(config-router)#area area ID authentication message-digest
Cu hnh qung b mt tuyn mc nh trong OSPF
Router(config-router)#default-information originate
Qung b mt tuyn khc (khng phi l default)
Router(config-router)#redistribute protocols subnets
Cc lnh show dng kim tra cu hnh OSPF
show ip protocol
show ip route
show ip ospf
show ip ospf interface
show ip ospf database
show ip ospf neighbor detail
clear ip route *
debug ip ospf events
debug ip ospf adj
TRIN KHAI H THNG MNG S DNG GIAO THC NH TUYN

3.
OSPF
3.1.

M hnh h thng mng s dng giao thc nh tuyn OSPF

Xy dng mt h thng mng nh hnh v:

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Hnh 3.1. M hnh h thng mng

a ch IP ca cc interface c cho nh sau:
Thit b

Giao din

a ch IP

Subnet Mask

Default
Gateway

Fa0/0

172.16.1.17

255.255.255.240

S0/0

192.168.10.1

255.255.255.252

S0/1

192.168.10.5

255.255.255.252

Fa0/0

10.10.10.1

255.255.255.0

S0/0

192.168.10.2

255.255.255.252

S0/1

192.168.10.9

255.255.255.252

F0/0

172.16.1.33

255.255.255.248

S0/0

192.168.10.6

255.255.255.252

S0/1

192.168.10.10

255.255.255.252

PC1

NIC

172.16.1.20

255.255.255.240 172.16.1.17

PC2

NIC

10.10.10.10

255.255.255.0

PC3

NIC

172.16.1.35

255.255.255.248 172.16.1.33

R1

R2

R3

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3.2.

32

Cu hnh v kim tra h thng

3.2.1. Cu hnh giao thc OSPF

Hng dn cu hnh
Bc 1: To h thng mng
Kt ni cc thit b nh s v khi ng router
Bc 2: Cu hnh cc thng s c bn trn cc router
Router R1
Router(config)#hostname R1
R1(config)#enable password class
R1(config)#no ip domain-lookup
R1(config)#banner motd #Vo phan su mien vao#
R1(config)#line console 0
R1(config-line)#logging synchoronous
R1(config-line)#password cisco
R1(config-line)#login
R1(config-line)#exit
R1(config)#line vty 0 4
R1(config-line)#password cisco
R1(config-line)#login
R1(config-line#exit
R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.17 255.255.255.240
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface seriral 0/0
R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.252
R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#interface serial 0/1
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R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.5 255.255.255.252

R1(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R1(config-if)#no shutdown
R1(config-if)#end
R1#copy running-config startup-config

Router R2
Router(config)#hostname R2
R2(config)#enable password class
R2(config)#no ip domain-lookup
R2(config)#banner motd #Vo phan su mien vao#
R2(config)#line console 0
R2(config-line)#logging synchoronous
R2(config-line)#password cisco
R2(config-line)#login
R2(config-line)#exit
R2(config)#line vty 0 4
R2(config-line)#password cisco
R2(config-line)#login
R2(config-line#exit
R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 10.10.10.1 255.255.255.0
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface serial 0/0
R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.252
R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#interface serial 0/1
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R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.9 255.255.255.252

R2(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R2(config-if)#no shutdown
R2(config-if)#end
R2#copy running-config startup-config

Router R3
Router(config)#hostname R3
R3(config)#enable password class
R3(config)#no ip domain-lookup
R3(config)#banner motd #Vo phan su mien vao#
R3(config)#line console 0
R3(config-line)#logging synchoronous
R3(config-line)#password cisco
R3(config-line)#login
R3(config-line)#exit
R3(config)#line vty 0 4
R3(config-line)#password cisco
R3(config-line)#login
R3(config-line#exit
R3(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
R3(config-if)#ip address 172.16.1.33 255.255.255.248
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#interface serial 0/0
R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.6 255.255.255.252
R3(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#exit
R3(config)#interface serial 0/1
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R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.10 255.255.255.252

R3(config-if)#clock rate 64000
R3(config-if)#no shutdown
R3(config-if)#end
R3#copy running-config startup-config
Bc 3: Kim tra li cc thng s cu hnh trn cc Router
+ Cc Interface trn Router

Hnh 3.2. Cc interface trn router R1

Hnh 3.3. Cc interface trn router R2

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Hnh 3.4. Cc interface trn router R3

+ Cu hnh thng s TCP/IP cho cc PC

Hnh 3.5. Thng s TCP/IP ca PC1

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Hnh 3.6. Thng s TCP/IP ca PC2

Hnh 3.7. Thng s TCP/IP ca PC3

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Bc 4: Cu hnh OSPF trn cc Router

Hnh 3.8. Cu hnh OSPF trn router R1

Hnh 3.9. Cu hnh OSPF trn router R2

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Hnh 3.10. Cu hnh OSPF trn router R3

3.2.2. Kim tra h thng
-

Kim tra bng nh tuyn trn cc Router

Hnh 3.11. Bng nh tuyn trn router R1

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Hnh 3.12. Bng nh tuyn trn router R2

Hnh 3.13. Bng nh tuyn trn router R3

-

Kim tra s hi t ca mng

+ Ping t PC1 PC2, PC1 PC3 v t PC2 PC3

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Hnh 3.14. Ping t PC1 PC2

Hnh 3.15. Ping t PC1 PC3

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Hnh 3.16. Ping t PC2 PC3

3.3.

Ti u h thng
-

Bc 1: Cu hnh OSPF Router ID trn cc router

+ Kim tra router ID:

Router ID c th c nhn thy t thng tin ca cc lnh nh show ip protocols,

show ip ospf v show ip ospf interface.

Hnh 3.17. Lnh show ip protocols

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Hnh 3.18. Lnh show ip ospf

Hnh 3.19. Lnh show ip ospf interface

+ S dng a ch loopback thay i router IDs ca cc router trong m
hnh mng:
R1(config)#interface loopback 0
R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.255.255.255

R2(config)#interface loopback 0
R2(config-if)#ip address 10.2.2.2 255.255.255.255
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R3(config)#interface loopback 0
R3(config-if)#ip address 10.3.3.3 255.255.255.255
+ Khi ng li router s dng Router IDs mi
Khi Router ID mi c cu hnh, n s khng c s dng cho n khi tin trnh
OSPF c khi ng li. Hy chc chn rng cu hnh hin ti s c lu vo
NVRAM, v sau s dng lnh reload khi ng li cc b nh tuyn.
+ S dng lnh show ip ospf neighbors xc nhn li s thay i ca Router
IDs

Hnh 3.20. Lnh show ip ospf neighbor trn R1

Hnh 3.21. Lnh show ip ospf neighbor trn R2

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Hnh 3.22. Lnh show ip ospf neighbor trn R3

-

Bc 2: Cu hnh gi tr OSPF Cost

+ S dng lnh show ip route trn router R1 hin th OSPF cost n min
mng 10.10.10.0/24.

Hnh 3.23. Gi tr OSPF cost trn R1

+ S dng lnh show interfaces serial0/0 trn router R1 hin th bng
thng ca giao din Serial 0/0.

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Hnh 3.24. Bng thng ca giao din Serial 0/0 trn R1

+ S dng lnh bandwidth thay i bng thng ca giao din serial trn R1
v R2 vi bng thng l 64 kbps.
Router R1:
R1(config)#interface serial0/0
R1(config-if)#bandwidth 64
R1(config-if)#interface serial0/1
R1(config-if)#bandwidth 64

Router R2:
R2(config)#interface serial0/0
R2(config-if)#bandwidth 64
R2(config-if)#interface serial0/1
R2(config-if)#bandwidth 64
+ S dng lnh ip ospf cost to cu hnh OSPF cost trn router R3
Router R3:
R3(config)#interface serial0/0
R3(config-if)#ip ospf cost 1562
R3(config-if)#interface serial0/1
R3(config-if)#ip ospf cost 1562
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KT LUN
T nhng g trnh by trn v giao thc nh tuyn OSPF ta c th rt ra mt s
kt lun sau y:

Cc giao thc nh tuyn: a ra cc giao thc truyn trn mng, cc c

im, u im, nhc im ca tng giao thc.

Giao thc nh tuyn OSPF: Hiu r hn v giao thc OSPF v tm hiu

c cu lnh cu hnh cho thit b.

Trin khai h thng mng vi giao thc OSPF: c cu hnh trn thit b

tht ca hng Cisco do c thm kinh nghim khi i lm.

Vi vic thc hin trin khai h thng mng trn thit b tht ca hng Cisco, em
c ci nhn trc quan hn v giao thc OSPF. Em xin gi li cm n chn thnh ti Thy
ng Quang Hin v cc Thy Trung Tm Cng Ngh Thng Tin Trng Cao ng
CNTT hu ngh Vit Hn hng dn v gp em hon thnh bo co thc tp
ny.

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TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Ting Vit.
[1] Ths.Trn Th Sn (2007), Gio trnh Mng my tnh, Trng Cao ng
CNTT Hu Ngh Vit-Hn.
[2] Ths.Trn Quc Vit (2011), Gio trnh nh tuyn v chuyn mch, NXB
Thng tin v truyn thng.
2. Ting Anh.
[3] Todd Lammle (2008), CCNA IOS COMMANDS, Wiley Publishing, Inc.
[4] CCNA Exploration 2: Routing Protocols and Concepts
3. Ngun t Internet
[5] http://vi.wikipedia.org
[6] http://pronet.edu.vn
[7] http://nhatnghe.com
[8] http://vnpro.org
[9] http://en.wikipedia.org
[10] http://cisco.com

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