VIETHANIT

LI M U
Hin nay chng ta vn thng nghe ni v Wifi v Internet khng dy. Thc ra, Wifi
khng ch c dng kt ni Internet khng dy m cn cng kt ni hu ht cc
thit b tin hc v vin thng quen thuc nh my tnh, my in, PDA, in thoi di ng
m khng cn dy cp ni, rt thun tin cho ngi s dng.
Mng khng dy l mt trong nhng bc tin ln nht ca ngnh my tnh. Hng chc
triu thit b Wi-fi c tiu th v d bo tng lai s cn c hng triu ngi s
dng. Con ng pht trin ca cng ngh ny t quy m hp v phm vi ln thc ra mi
ch bt u, v s cn pht trin rt nhanh chng.
Theo pht trin ca cng ngh mng khng dy, nhm chng em quyt nh thc
hin ti Trin khai dch v mng khng dy cho doanh nghip nhm mc ch tm
hiu ng thi trang b nhng kin thc v tm nhn ca mnh v mng khng dy, t bit
l mng cc b khng dy hay cn c gi l Wireless LAN.
Chng em xin cm n c Ninh Khnh Chi Ging vin khoa Khoa Hc My Tnh
trc tip tn tnh gip v to mi iu kin tt nht nhm hon thnh ti ny.
Trong qu trnh thc hin ti, do hn ch v thi gian, kin thc cng nh kinh
nghip thc t nn ti kh trnh khi thiu st. Knh mong s ng gp kin ca qu
thy c cng cc bn ti ngy cng hon thin.
Xin chn thnh cm n!

Nhm 1 MM03C

VIETHANIT

MC LC
LI M U.................................................................................................................i
MC LC..................................................................................................................... ii
DANH MC HNH NH .................................................................................................v
DANH MC CC T VIT TT......................................................................................vi
CHNG 1. TNG QUAN V MNG KHNG DY........................................................vii
1.1. Lch s pht trin.............................................................................................vii
1.2. Khi nim v mng khng dy........................................................................vii
1.3. So snh mng khng dy vi mng c dy....................................................viii
1.4. S lc v mt s mng khng dy.................................................................ix
1.4.1. Mng WPAN................................................................................................ix
1.4.2. Mng WLAN.................................................................................................x
1.4.3. Mng WMAN...............................................................................................xi
1.4.4. Mng WWAN..............................................................................................xi
1.4.5. Mng WRAN.............................................................................................. xii
CHNG 2: MNG KHNG DY CC B WLAN.........................................................xiii
2.1. Gii thiu v cc khi nim v WLAN .............................................................xiii
2.1.1. Gii thiu v mng khng dy cc b WLAN.............................................xiii
2.1.2. Khi nim.................................................................................................xiii
2.2. Cc thit b v ng dng ca h thng WLAN..................................................xv
2.2.1. Cc thit b trong mt h thng WLAN.......................................................xv
2.2.1.1. Card mng khng dy (Wireless NIC)...................................................xv
2.2.1.2. Cc im truy cp (Access Point).........................................................xv
2.2.1.3. Bridge khng dy (Wbridge)...............................................................xvi
2.2.1.4. Cc router im truy cp (Access Point Router)..................................xvi

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2.2.2. ng dng ca h thng WLAN..................................................................xvi
2.2.2.1. Vn phng nh - Vn phng gia nh (Small Office-Home Office)........xvi
2.2.2.2. Vn phng di ng (Mobile Offices)...................................................xvii
2.2.2.3. M rng mng (Network Extention)...................................................xviii
2.3 Cc chun thng dng ca mng WLAN........................................................xviii
2.3.1 Chun IEEE 802.11..................................................................................xviii
2.3.1.1. IEEE 802.11......................................................................................xviii
2.3.1.2. IEEE 802.11b....................................................................................xviii
2.3.1.3. IEEE 802.11a......................................................................................xix
2.3.1.4. IEEE 802.11g......................................................................................xix
2.3.1.5. IEEE 802.11i.......................................................................................xix
2.3.1.6. IEEE 802.11n......................................................................................xix
2.3.2 Cc chun khc..........................................................................................xx
2.3.2.1. Home RF.............................................................................................xx
2.3.2.2. OpenAir...............................................................................................xx
2.3.2.3. Bluetooth............................................................................................xx
2.3.2.4. Infrared (IR).........................................................................................xx
2.4. Nguyn l hot ng ca mng khng dy WLAN...........................................xx
2.5. Bo mt trong mng khng dy WLAN...........................................................xxi
2.5.1. Mt s hnh thc tn cng ph bin..........................................................xxi
2.5.1.1. Tn cng khng qua chng thc.........................................................xxi
2.5.1.2. Gi mo AP........................................................................................xxii
2.5.1.3. Tn cng da trn s cm nhn sng mang lp vt l.......................xxii
2.5.1.4. Gi a ch MAC.................................................................................xxii
2.5.1.5. Tn cng t chi dch v....................................................................xxii
2.5.2. Cc phng thc bo mt.......................................................................xxiii

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2.5.2.1. Firewall, cc phng php lc...........................................................xxiii
2.5.2.2. M ha d liu..................................................................................xxv
CHNG 3: THIT K V TRIN KHAI H THNG WLAN CHO DOANH NGHIP............28
3.1. Cc thnh phn, thit b..................................................................................28
3.1.1. Card mng khng dy..............................................................................28
3.1.2. im truy cp mng khng dy...............................................................28
3.1.3. Router khng dy.....................................................................................29
3.1.4. ngten khng dy....................................................................................29
3.1.5. B khuch i tn hiu khng dy.............................................................29
3.1.6. Cc thit b my khch..............................................................................30
3.2. Cc vn lin quan khi lp t, khai thc v s dng...................................31
3.2.1. Lp t WLAN...........................................................................................31
3.2.2. Khai thc WLAN.........................................................................................32
3.3. Thit k v trin khai......................................................................................33
3.3.1. Phn tch v nh gi lu lng................................................................33
3.3.2. D tho m hnh mng:............................................................................35
3.3.3. Tnh ton gi c:.......................................................................................36
3.3.4. Xy dng bng a ch IP:..........................................................................39
3.3.5. S h thng mng................................................................................41

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DANH MC HNH NH
Hnh 2.1. Mt m hnh mng Wireless LAN................................................................xiv
Hnh 2.2. Card mng khng dy................................................................................xv
Hnh 2.3. Cc Access Point.........................................................................................xv
Hnh 2.4. Bridge khng dy......................................................................................xvi
Hnh 2.5. SOHO Wireless LAN...................................................................................xvii
Hnh 2.6. Vn phng di ng....................................................................................xvii
Hnh 2.7. M rng mng..........................................................................................xviii
Hnh 2.8. Lc a ch MAC........................................................................................xxiv
Hnh 2.9. Lc giao thc............................................................................................xxv
Hnh 3.1. Card PCMCIA..............................................................................................30
Hnh 3.2.Card Compact Flash....................................................................................30
Hnh 3.3.B chuyn i Ethernet v Serial.................................................................31
Hnh 3.4. USB adapters.............................................................................................31
Hnh 3.5.PCI Adapter.................................................................................................31
Hnh 3.6. M hnh mng m rng..............................................................................35
Hnh 3.7. S h thng mng.................................................................................41

Nhm 1 MM03C

VIETHANIT

DANH MC CC T VIT TT
T vit tt

Ting Anh

Ting Vit

AP

Access Point

im truy cp khng dy

DOS

Denial of Service

Tn cng t chi dch v

DSSS

Direct-Sequency Spread Spectrum

Tri ph dy trc tip

FHSS

Frequency Hopping Speard Spectrum

Tri ph nhy tn

NGN

Next Generation Network

Th h mng k tip

OFDM

Orthogonal Frequency Divisiong

Multiplexing

Ghp knh theo tn s trc

giao

PBCC

Packet Binary Convolutional Code

SOHO

Small Office-Home Office

Vn phng lm vic nh

TKIP

Temporal Key Integrity Protocol

Giao thc ton vn kha thi

gian

AES

Advanced Encryption Standard

Tiu chun m ha tin tin

WEP

Wired Equivalent Privacy

K thut bo mt WEP

WLAN

Wireless Local Area Network

Mng khng dy cc b

WMAN

Wireless Metropolitant Area Netwok

Mng din rng khng dy

WPA

Wifi Protected Access

K thut bo mt WPA

WPAN

Wireless Personal Area Network

Mng c nhn khng dy

WRAN

Wireless Regional Area Network

Mng vng khng dy

WWAN

Wireless Wide Area Network

Mng bng rng khng dy

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VIETHANIT

CHNG 1. TNG QUAN V MNG KHNG DY

1.1. Lch s pht trin
Cng ngh mng khng dy ln u tin xut hin vo cui nm 1990 khi nhng nh
sn xut gii thiu nhng sn phm hot ng trong bng tn 900MHz. Nhng gii php
ny cung cp tc truyn d l 1Mbps .
Nm 1992, xut hin nhng mng khng dy s dng bng tn 2.4GHz. Mc d c
tc truyn d liu cao hn nhng chng vn l nhng gii php ring ca mi nh sn
xut v khng c cng b rng ri.
Nm 1997, IEEE ph chun s ra i ca chun 802.11 cho cc mng khng dy.
Chun 802.11 h tr ba phng php truyn tn hiu, trong c bao gm phng php
truyn tn hiu radio tn s 2.4GHz.
Nm 1999, IEEE thng qua hai s b sung cho chun 802.11 l cc chun 802.11a v
802.11b. V cc thit b mng khng dy da trn chun 802.11b nhanh chng tr thnh
cng ngh khng dy vt tri. Cc thit b pht trn tn s 2.4GHz, cung cp tc
truyn d liu 11Mbps.
Nm 2003, IEEE cng b thm mt s ci tin l chun 802.11g c th nhn thng tin
trn c hai dy tn 2.4GHz v 5GHz v nng tc truyn d liu nn n 54Mbps. y l
chun c s dng rng ri vo thi im hin ti
Ngoi ra IEEE cn thng qua chun 802.11n nng tc truyn d liu t 100600Mbps vo thng 9/2009 sau 7 nm nghin cu v pht trin.

1.2. Khi nim v mng khng dy

Mng khng dy l mng s dng cng ngh cho php hai hay nhiu thit b kt ni vi
nhau bng cch s dng mt giao thc chun m khng cn nhng kt ni bng dy mng
(Cable).

Nhm 1 MM03C

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VIETHANIT

1.3. So snh mng khng dy vi mng c dy

Ging nhau: u l mt tp hp cc my tnh c lp kt ni vi nhau theo mt chun
k thut nht inh, c kh nng kt ni v chia s thng tin vi nhau.
Khc nhau:
Mng c dy
Phm vi ng dng

Mng khng dy

- C th ng dng trong tt - Ch yu l trong m hnh

c cc m hnh mng nh, mng nh v trung bnh, vi
trung bnh, ln, rt ln

nhng m hnh ln phi kt

hp vi mng khng dy.

Tnh linh ng khi - Gp kh khn nhng - C th trin khai nhng ni

trin khai

ni xa xi, a hnh phc khng thun tin v a hnh v

tp, kh ko dy.

khng th trin khai mng c

dy c.

phc tp k thut

- phc tp k thut ty - phc tp k thut ty

thuc tng loi mng c thuc tng loi mng c th.
th.
- Xu hng to kh nng thit
lp cc thng s truyn sng
v tuyn ca thit b ngy cng
n gin hn.

tin cy

- Kh nng chu nh hng - B nh hng bi cc yu t

khch quan bn ngoi nh bn ngoi nh mi trng
thi tit, kh hu tt.

truyn sng, can nhiu do thi

tit.

- Chu nhiu cuc tn cng

Nhm 1 MM03C

- Chu nhiu cuc tn cng a

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VIETHANIT

a dng, phc tp, nguy dng, phc tp, nguy him ca

him ca nhng k ph nhng k ph hoi v tnh hay
hoi v tnh v c tnh.

c tnh, nguy c cao hn mng

c dy.

- t nguy c nh hng ti
sc khe.

Lp t, trin khai

- Cn ang tip tc phn tch

v kh nng nh hng n
sc khe.

- Lp t, trin khai tn - Lp t, trin khai d dng,

nhiu thi gian v chi ph.

n gin, nhanh chng.

Tnh linh hot, kh - V l h thng kt ni c - V l h thng kt ni i ng

nng thay i, pht nh nn tnh linh hot nn rt linh hot, d dng tahy
trin

km, kh thay i, nng i, nng cp, pht trin.

cp, pht trin.

Gi c

- Gi c ty thuc vo tng - Thng th gi thnh thit b

m hnh mng c th

cao hn so vi mng c dy.

Nhng xu hng hin nay l
cng ngy cng gim s chnh
lch v gi.

1.4. S lc v mt s mng khng dy

1.4.1. Mng WPAN.
Nhm ny bao gm cc cng ngh v tuyn c vng ph nh tm vi mt n hng
chc mt ti a. C kh nng kt ni cc thnh phn h thng ca my tnh bng cch s
dng sng v tuyn c bc sng ngn.
Cc cng ngh trong nhm ny bao gm: Wibree, ZigBee, UWB, Wireless USB,
EnOcean,...

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VIETHANIT

- Bluetooth (802.15) l cng ngh truyn d liu khng dy dng trong mng v
tuyn c nhn WPAN nhm kt ni cc thit b nh in thoi di ng, my tnh xch tay
v thm ch c t lnh, l viba, my iu ha nhit
- UWB cng ngh siu bng rng, k thut truyn tn hiu khng dy bng cch s
dng cc xung (pulse) tn s rt cao. Mt knh v tuyn c gi l siu bng rng khi
bng thng ca n ln hn tn s trung tm sng mang ca n. Do xung tn s cao nn
tn hiu chim mt khong bng thng nn cng ngh ny c t tn l Utral Wide
Band. Li im ca cng ngh ny l cho php truyn d liu vi tc rt cao t vi trm
Mbps n vi Gbps. Nhc im ca cng ngh ny l suy hao cao nn ch truyn trong
phm vi ngn, do ch yu c pht trin cho mng WPAN hay mng WLAN nh.
- Wibree l cng ngh kt ni tm ngn (10m) c gii thiu bi Nokia nm 2001
di dng mt chun m, cng hot ng chung bn cnh Bluetooth. im ni bt l
tiu hao t nng lng (10 ln t hn Bluetooth) trong khi cho cng mt tc truyn d
liu (1Mbps). Do , Wibree c th tch hp vi ng h, chut khng dy, bn phm
khng dy, cm ng th thao v nhiu thit b ngoi vi khc, sau chng c kt ni vi
my tnh c nhn hay in thoi di ng.
1.4.2. Mng WLAN.
Mng WLAN l mt h thng thng tin lin lc d liu linh hot c thc hin nh
phn m rng, hoc thay th cho mng Lan hu tuyn trong nh hoc trong c quan. S
dng sng in t, mng WLAN truyn v nhn d liu qua khong khng, ti gin nhu
cu cho cc kt ni hu tuyn. Nh vy, mng WLAN kt ni d liu vi ngi dng lu
ng v thng qua cu hnh c n gin ha, cho php mng LAN di ng.
Mng WLAN s dng sng in t (v tuyn v sng hng ngoi) truyn thng tin
t im ny n im khc m khng cn da vo bt k kt ni vt l no. Tiu chun
quy nh cho mng Lan khng dy l IEEE 802.11

Nhm 1 MM03C

VIETHANIT

1.4.3. Mng WMAN.

Mng bng thng rng a dch v l mng bng thng rng trn c s tch hp cu trc
mng th h mi NGN, c kh nng cung cp mt siu xa l thng tin.
Mng Man c kh nng to cc kt ni tc cao, ln n hng trm Mbps (c th m
rng ln n 1Kbps) phc v cho cng tc ch o, qun l nh nc, trao i thng tin,
cung cp cc dch v hnh chnh cng, chun b cho pht trin thng mi in tTiu
chun quy nh cho mng Man khng dy l IEEE 802.16.
So vi cc mng th khc mng Man c nhiu u im vt tri hn:
- Cung cp nhiu loi hnh dch v vi vic ti a ha lu lng trn bng thng
hin ti.
- a dng ha dch v bng vic cung cp c cc dch v hin ti v cc dch v mi
trong tng lai.
- Tng cng kh nng cung cp dch v trn din rng p ng cc nhu cu
tng lai.
Cc cng on xy dng mt mng Man khng dy:
- Xy dng mng truyn ti a dch v vi tng bng thng th ln da trn
cng ngh chuyn mch gi IP/MPLS vi kin trc linh dng d m rng v tch hp cc
dch v mi.
- Trin khai cc dch v gi tr gia tng dch v tch hp c thoi, d liu, hnh nh
offline v online.
1.4.4. Mng WWAN
Wan l mng c thit lp lin kt cc my tnh ca hai hay nhiu khu vc khc
nhau, khong cch xa v a l, nh gia cc qun trong thnh ph, hay gia cc thnh
ph hay cc min trong nc.
Cng ngh Wan thng nm 3 lp ca m hnh OSI: lp vt l lin quan n cc
chun giao tip Wan , lp lin kt d liu lin quan n cc giao thc truyn thng Wan,
lp mng.

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Wan c th kt ni thnh mng ring ca mi t chc hay c th phi kt ni qua nhiu

h tng mng cng cng ca cc cng ty vin thng khc nhau.
Wan c th dng ng truyn thng c gii thng thay i trong khong rt ln t
56Kbps n T1 vi 1.544Mbps hay E1 vi 2.048Mbpsv Gbps vi cc ng trc
ni cc quc gia hay chu lc
Mng thng tin di ng cng l mt hnh thc khc ca mng WAN khng dy c bng
thng thp. Cho n nay, mng thng tin di ng pht trin qua 4 th h:
- Th h th nht 1G s dng tn hiu tng t v tn hiu thoi
- Th h th hai 2G s dng tn hiu s v tn hiu thoi.
- Th h th ba 3G s dng cho tn hiu s, tn hiu thoi v c d liu
- Th h th t 4G cho php truyn ti d liu vi tc ti a trong iu kin a
l tng ln n 1 1,5Gb/s
1.4.5. Mng WRAN
Tiu chun qui nh cho mng WRAN l IEEE 802.22, y l tiu chun mi cho mng
din khu vc khng dy, li dng cc c tnh truyn dn thun li ca cc bng tn VHF
v UHF truyn hnh cung cp truy cp khng dy bng thng rng trn mt din tch
ln n 100 km t my pht.
Mi WRAN s cung cp ln n 22Mbps cho mi knh truyn m khng can thip vi
tip nhn ca cc my trm pht sng truyn hnh hin c, bng cch s dng ci gi l
khong trng gia cc knh truyn hnh b chim ng.
Cng ngh WRAN c bit hu ch phc v cc khu vc dn c t, chng hn nh cc
khu vc nng thn, cc nc ang pht trin.

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CHNG 2: MNG KHNG DY CC B WLAN

2.1. Gii thiu v cc khi nim v WLAN
2.1.1. Gii thiu v mng khng dy cc b WLAN.
Mng khng dy l mt trong nhng bc tin ln ca ngnh my tnh. Truy cp
Internet tr thnh nhu cu quen thuc i vi mi ngi.
Tuy nhin, c kt ni Internet ngi s dng phi truy Internet t mt v tr c nh
thng qua mt my tnh c kt ni vo mng. iu ny i khi gy ra rt nhiu kh khn
cho nhng ngi s dng khi ang di chuyn hoc n mt ni khng c iu kin kt ni
vo mng.
Xut pht t yu cu m rng Internet, WLAN c nghin cu v trin khai ng
dng trong thc t. Vi nhng tnh nng h tr p ng c bng thng, trin khai lp t
d dng v p ng c cc yu cu k thut, kinh t. Chng hn nh s dng cng ngh
Internet khng dy Wi-fi cho php mi ngi truy cp v ly thng tin bt k v tr no
nh nh ga, bn xe, sn bay, qun cf
2.1.2. Khi nim.
WLAN l mt loi mng my tnh nhng vic kt ni gia cc thnh phn trong mng
khng s dng cc loi cp nh mt mng thng thng, mi trng truyn thng ca cc
thnh phn trong mng l khng kh. Cc thnh phn trong mng s dng sng in t
truyn thng vi nhau.
2.1.3. M hnh mng WLAN
Mng WLAN c lp (mng ngang hng): cc my PC c kt ni vi cc card giao
tip khng dy. Bt k lc no, khi hai hoc hn card giao tip khng dy nm trong phm
vi ca nhau, chng thit lp mt mng c lp. Mng ngang hng khng yu cu s qun
tr hoc s nh cu hnh trc.
Nhm 1 MM03C

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VIETHANIT

Mng WLAN c s h tng (infrastructure): trong mng WLAN c s h tng, nhiu

im truy cp lin kt mng WLAN vi mng ni dy v cho php ngi dng chia s ti
nguyn mng mt cch hiu qu. Cc im truy cp khng cung cp cc truyn thng vi
mng ni dy m cn chuyn tip lu thng mng khng dy trong khu vc ln cn mt
cch tc thi. Nhiu im truy cp cung cp phm vi khng dy cho ton ta nh hoc khu
vc.
2.1.4. Cu trc c bn ca mng WLAN
Distribution System (H thng phn phi ): y l mt thnh phn logic s dng
iu phi thng tin n cc station ch. Chun 802.11 khng c t chnh xc k thut cho
DS.
Access Point: chc nng chnh ca AP l m rng mng. N c kh nng chuyn i
cc frame d liu trong 802.11 thnh cc frame thng dng c th s dng trong mng
khc.
Wireless Medium (tng lin lc v tuyn): Chun 802.11 s dng tn lin lc v tuyn
chuyn i cc frame d liu gia cc my trm vi nhau.
Station (cc my trm): y l cc thit b ngoi vi c h tr kt ni v tuyn nh:
laptop, PDA, Palm

Hnh 2.1. Mt m hnh mng Wireless LAN

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2.2. Cc thit b v ng dng ca h thng WLAN

2.2.1. Cc thit b trong mt h thng WLAN
2.2.1.1. Card mng khng dy (Wireless NIC)
Card mng khng dy giao tip my tnh vi mng khng dy bng cch iu ch tn
hiu d liu vi chui tri ph v thc hin mt giao thc truy nhp cm ng sng mang.

Hnh 2.2. Card mng khng dy

2.2.1.2. Cc im truy cp (Access Point)

Cc im truy cp khng dy AP to ra cc vng ph sng, ni cc nt di ng ti cc
c s h tng LAN c dy. Cc im truy cp ny khng ch cung cp trao i thng tin
vi cc mng c dy m cn lc lu lng v thc hin chc nng cu ni vi cc tiu
chun khc. Cc im truy cp trao i vi nhau qua mng hu tuyn qun l cc nt di
ng.

Hnh 2.3. Cc Access Point

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VIETHANIT

2.2.1.3. Bridge khng dy (Wbridge)

Wbridge tng t nh cc im truy cp khng dy tr trng hp chng c s
dng cho cc knh bn ngoi. Wbridge c thit k ni cc mng vi nhau, c bit
trong cc ta nh c khong cch xa ti 32 km. Wbridge c th lc lu lng v m bo
rng cc h thng mng khng dy c kt ni tt m khng b mt lu lng cn thit.

Hnh 2.4. Bridge khng dy

2.2.1.4. Cc router im truy cp (Access Point Router)

Mt AP router l mt thit b kt hp cc chc nng ca mt Access Point v mt
router. Khi l Access Point, n truyn d liu gia cc my trm khng dy v mt mng
hu tuyn cng nh l gia cc my trm khng dy. Khi l router, n hot ng nh l
im lin kt gia hai hay nhiu mng c lp, hoc gia mt mng bn trong v mt
mng bn ngoi.
2.2.2. ng dng ca h thng WLAN
2.2.2.1. Vn phng nh - Vn phng gia nh (Small Office-Home Office)
Cc thit b wireless SOHO th rt c ch khi ngi dng mun chia s mt kt ni
Internet vi cc doanh nghip, vn phng nh

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Hnh 2.5. SOHO Wireless LAN

2.2.2.2. Vn phng di ng (Mobile Offices)

Cc vn phng di ng cho php ngi dng c th di chuyn n mt v tr khc mt
cch d dng. Cc kt ni WLAN t ton nh chnh ra cc lp di ng cho php cc kt ni
mt cch linh hot vi chi ph c th chp nhn c.

Hnh 2.6. Vn phng di ng

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2.2.2.3. M rng mng (Network Extention)

Cc mng khng dy c th c xem nh mt phn m rng ca mt mng c dy.
Khi mun m rng mt mng hin ti, nu ci t thm ng cp th s rt tn km. Cc
WLAN c th c thc thi mt cch d dng, v t phi ci t cp trong mng khng dy.

Hnh 2.7. M rng mng

2.3 Cc chun thng dng ca mng WLAN

2.3.1 Chun IEEE 802.11
2.3.1.1. IEEE 802.11
Ra i nm 1997. y l chun s khai ca mng khng dy, m t cch truyn thng
trong mng khng dy s dng cc phng thc nh: DSSS, FHSS, infrared (hng ngoi).
Tc ti a l 2Mbps, hot ng trong bng tng 2.4Ghz ISM. Hin nay chun ny rt t
c s dng trong cc sn phm thng mi.
2.3.1.2. IEEE 802.11b
y l mt chun m rng ca chun 802.11. N ci tin DSSS tng bng thng ln
11Mbps, cng nh hot ng bng tn 2.4Ghz v thng thch ngc vi chun 802.11.
802.11b+: TI pht trin mt k thut iu ch gi l PBCC m n c th cung cp
cc tc tn hiu 22Mbps v 33Mbs. Chng hon ton tng thch vi 802.11b,v khi

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giao tip vi nhau c th t c tc tn hiu 22Mbps. Mt s tng cng m TI c

th c s dng gia cc thit b 802.11b+ l ch 4x n s dng kch thc gi tin ti
a ln hn (4000 byte) gim chng lp v tng thng lng.
2.3.1.3. IEEE 802.11a
Chun ny m t cc thit b WLAN hot ng trong bng tn 5Ghz UNII. Do s dng
bng tn UNII nn bu ht cc thit b c th t c tc 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48 v
54Mbps. Khng ging nh bng tn ISM (khong 83 Mhz trong ph 2.4 Ghz). 802.11a s
dng gp 4 ln bng tn ISM v UNII s dng ph khng nhiu 3000Mhz, 802.11a s dng
k thut FDM.
2.3.1.4. IEEE 802.11g
802.11g cung cp cng mt tc ti a nh 802.11a. Tuy nhin c tng thch ngc
vi cc thit b 802.11b, nh d dng nng cp mng WLAN vi chi ph thp hn.
802.11g hot ng trong bng tn 2.4Ghz IMS. ng thi s dng cng ngh iu ch
OFDM t tc cao nh 802.11a.
802.11g+: c ci tin t chn 802.11g, hon ton tng thch vi 802.11g v 802.11b,
c pht trin bi TI. Khi cc thit b 802.11g hot ng vi nhau th thng lng t
c c th ln n 100Mbps.
2.3.1.5. IEEE 802.11i
L chun b sung cho cc chun 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g v vn bo mt. N m
t cch m ha d liu gia cc h thng s dng cc chun ny.
802.11i nh ngha mt phng thc m ha mnh m gm TKIP0 v AES.
2.3.1.6. IEEE 802.11n
Mt chun Wi-fi mi ang c Lin minh WWISE a ra xin ph chun (d kin vo
nm 2008), vi mc tiu a kt ni khng dy bng thng rng ln mt tm cao mi.
Cng ngh ny ha hn s y mnh ng k tc ca cc mng cc b khng dy
(WLAN).

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2.3.2 Cc chun khc

2.3.2.1. Home RF
L chun hot ng ti phm vi bng tn 2.4Ghz, cung cp bng thng 1.6Mhz vi
thng lng s dng l 659kb/s. Khong cch phc v ti a ca HomeRF l 45cm.
HomeRF cng s dng c ch tri ph FHSS ti tng vt l, v t chc cc thit b u
cui thnh mng ad hoc (cc my trao i trc tip vi nhau) hoc lin h qua mt im
kt ni tp trung gian nh Bluetooth.

2.3.2.2. OpenAir
L sn phn c quyn ca Proxim. OpenAir l mt giai thc trc 802.11 s dng k
thut nhy tn (2FSK v 4FSK), c tc 1.6Mbps. OpenAir MAC da trn CSMA/CA v
RTS/CTS nh 802.11.
2.3.2.3. Bluetooth
L mt cng ngh nhy tn hot ng trong bng tn 2.4Ghz. ISM, t l nhu ca cc
thit b Bluetooth khong 16000hop/s. T l nhy cao cng gip cho cng ngh khng c
tt hn vi nhiu bng hp. Cc thit b Bluetooth hot ng trong 3 lp cng sut: 1mW,
2.5mW v 100mW, v nh hng cc h thng FHSS khc.
2.3.2.4. Infrared (IR)
L mt cng ngh truyn thng da trn nh sng ch khng phi l cng ngh tri
ph. Cc thit b IR c th t tc ti a l 4Mbps, v tc thng thy l 115Kps
cho vic trao i d liu gia cc thit b cm tay. c bit khng gy nhiu vi mng
tri ph RF.
2.4. Nguyn l hot ng ca mng khng dy WLAN
Mng WLAN kt ni hai hay nhiu my tnh qua tn hiu sng radio. Khi lp t, mi
thit b u cui trong mng c trang b mt thit b thu pht tn hiu radio t cc my
tnh khc trong mng hay cn gi l card mng WLAN.

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Tng t mng Ethernet, mng WLAN truyn tn hiu theo dng gi. Mi adapter c
mt s ID a ch duy nht. Mi gi cha d liu cng a ch ca adapter nhn v adapter
gi. Card mng cn c kh nng kim tra ng truyn trc khi gi d liu ln mng.
Nu ng truyn ri, vic gi d liu s c thc hin. Ngc li, card mng s tm
ngh v kim tra ng truyn sau mt thi gian nht nh.
Tc truyn d liu v tn s s dng khc nhau, ph thuc vo cc chun nh: IEEE
802.11 , OperAir v HomeRF. Cc Adapter s dng mt trong hai giao thc iu ch l:
tri ph nhy tn FHSS v tri ph phn on trc tip DSSS tng hiu qu v bo mt.
Mng cho php ngi s dng chia s cc tp tin, my in hay truy cp Internet vi cc t
im ca mng Wireless
Chia s ti nguyn v truyn khng cn dy
-

Ci t d dng, tnh n nh cao nn ph hp vi gia nh hay cng s.

Kt ni t nhiu thit b khc nhau.

2.5. Bo mt trong mng khng dy WLAN

Bo mt l vn ht sc quan trng i vi ngi dng trong tt c cc h thng
mng (LAN, WLAN..). kt ni ti mt mng LAN hu tuyn cn phi truy cp theo
ng truyn bng dy cp, phi kt ni mt PC vo mt cng mng. Vi mng khng dy
ch cn c thit b trong vng sng l c th truy cp c nn vn bo mt mng khng
y l cc k quan trng i vi ngi s dng mng.
Bo mt l vn rt quan trng v c bit rt c s quan tm ca nhng doanh
nghip. Khng nhng th, bo mt cng l nguyn nhn khin doanh nghip e ngi khi ci
t mng cc b khng dy (Wirelsss LAN).
2.5.1. Mt s hnh thc tn cng ph bin
2.5.1.1. Tn cng khng qua chng thc
Tn cng khng qua chng thc (Dceauthentication Attack), tin tc s s dng mt nt
gi mo tm ra a ch ca AP ang iu khin mng. Khi tin tc c c a ch ca
AP, chng s gi qung b cc bn tin khng chng thc ra ton mng khin cho cc nt
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cn li, chng thc li v lin kt li vi AP. Qu trnh ny lp li lin tc khin cho mng
ri vo tnh trng b dng hot ng.
2.5.1.2. Gi mo AP
Gi mo AP l kiu tn cng man in the middle c in. y l kiu tn cng m tin
tc ng gia v trm lu lng truyn gia 2 nt. Kiu tn cng ny rt mng v tin c
c th trm tt c lu lng i qua mng. Tin tc to ra mt AP thu ht nhiu s la chn
hn AP chnh thng. AP gi ny c th c thit lp bng cch so chp tt c cc cu
hnh ca AP chnh thng l: SSID, a ch MAC.v.v
2.5.1.3. Tn cng da trn s cm nhn sng mang lp vt l
Tn s l mt nhc im bo mt trong mng khng dy. Mc nguy him thay i
ty thuc vo giao din lp vt l. C mt vi tham s quyt nh s chu ng ca
mng l: nng lng my pht, nhy ca my thu, tn s RI, bng thng v s nh
hng ca anten.
2.5.1.4. Gi a ch MAC
a ch MAC l mt cch ngn ngi dng bt hp php gia nhp vo mng. Gi tr
c m ha phn cng l khng thay i nhng gi tr a ra phn sn ca phn cng l
c th thay i c. C nhiu chng trnh s dng cho cc h iu hnh khc nhau c
th thay i c a ch MAC c a ra trong b iu hp mng.
2.5.1.5. Tn cng t chi dch v
y l hnh thc tn cng lm cho cc mng khng dy khng th phc v c ngi
dng, t chi dch v vi nhng ngi dng hp php. Trong mng c dy c cc hnh
thc tn cng t chi dch v Dos ph bin nh Ping of Death, SYN Flooding. Trong mng
khng dy, mt k tn cng c th to cc sng c cng tn s vi tn s truyn tn hiu
gy nhiu cho ng truyn.

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2.5.2. Cc phng thc bo mt

2.5.2.1. Firewall, cc phng php lc
a) Lc SSID:
Lc SSID (SSID Filtering) l mt phng php lc ch c dng cho hu ht cc iu
khin truy nhp. SSID ca mt trm WLAN phi khp vi SSID trn AP hoc ca cc
trm khc chng thc v lin kt Client thit lp dch v.
Nhiu AP c kh nng ly cc SSID ca cc khung thng tin dn ng (beacon frame).
Trong trng hp ny client phi so khp SSID lin kt vi AP. Lc SSID c coi l
mt phng php khng tin cy trong vic hn ch nhng ngi s dng tri php ca mt
WLAN.
Mt vi li chung do ngi s dng WLAN to ra khi thc hin SSID l:
-

S dng SSID mc nh

S dng SSID nh nhng phng tin bo mt mng WLAN

Khng cn thit qung b cc SSID:

b) Lc a ch MAC:
WLAN c th lc da vo a ch MAC ca cc trm khch. Hu ht tt c cc AP u
c chc nng lc MAC, ngi qun tr mng c th bin tp, phn phi v bo tr mt danh
sch nhng a ch MAC c php v lp trnh chng vo cc AP. Nu mt Card PC hoc
nhng Client khc vi mt a ch MAC m khng c trong danh sch a ch MAC ca
AP, n s khng th n c mt im truy nhp .

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Hnh 2.8. Lc a ch MAC

B lc MAC c th c thc hin trn vi RADIUS Server thay v trn mi im truy

nhp. Cch cu hnh ny lm cho lc MAC l mt gii php an ton, v do c kh nng
c la chn nhiu hn.
Mc d Lc MAC trng c v l mt phng php bo mt tt, chng vn cn d b
nh hng bi nhng thm nhp sau:
S n trm mt Card PC trong c mt b lc MAC ca AP.
Vic thm d WLAN v sau gi mo vi mt a ch MAC thm nhp vo mng.
Vi nhng mng gia nh hoc nhng mng vn phng nh, ni m c mt s lng
nh cc trm khch, th vic dng b lc MAC l mt gii php bo mt hiu qu. V
khng mt hacker thng minh no li tn hng gi truy nhp vo mt mng c gi tr s
dng thp.
c) Lc giao thc:
Mng LAN khng dy c th lc cc gi i qua mng da trn cc giao thc lp 2-7.
Trong nhiu trng hp, cc nh sn xut lm cc b lc giao thc c th nh hnh c
lp cho c nhng on mng hu tuyn v v tuyn ca AP. Nu cc kt ni c ci t
vi mc ch c bit ca s truy nhp internet ca ngi s dng, th b lc giao thc s
loi tt c giao thc, ngoi tr SMTP, POP3, HTTP,HTTPS, FTP

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Hnh 2.9. Lc giao thc

2.5.2.2. M ha d liu
a) WEP
Khi thit k cc yu cu k thut cho mng khng dy, chun 802.11 ca IEEE tnh
n vn bo mt d liu ng truyn qua phng thc m ha WEP. Phng thc ny
c a s cc nh sn xut thit b khng dy h tr nh mt phng thc bo mt mc
nh. Tuy nhin nhng pht hin gn y v ca chun 802.11 WEP gia tng s nghi
ng v mc an ton ca WEP. Tuy vy a phn cc thit b khng dy hin ti v
ang s dng WEP.
Giao thc WEP
WEP ngha l bo mt tng ng vi mng c dy (Wired LAN). WEP c thit k
m bo tnh bo mt cho mng khng dy t mc nh mng ni cp truyn thng.
i vi chun 802.11, vn m ha d liu c u tin hng u do c tnh ca mng
khng dy l khng th gii hn v mt vt l truy cp n ng truyn, bt c ai trong
vng ph sng u c th truy cp d liu nu khng c bo v.
WEP cung cp bo mt cho d liu trn mng khng dy qua phng thc m ha s
dng thut ton i xng RC4. Thut ton RC4 cho php chiu di ca kha thay i v c
th ln n 256 bit v 128 bit. Mt my ni mng khng dy khng c kha WEP chnh
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xc s khng th truy cp n AP cng khng th gii m cng nh thay i d liu trn

ng truyn.
Hn ch ca WEP
Do WEP s dng RC1, mt thut ton s dng phng thc m ha dng (stream
cipher), nn cn mt c ch m bo hai d liu ging nhau s khng cho kt qu ging
nhau sau khi c m ha hai ln khc nhau. y l mt s yu t quan trng trong vn
m ha d liu nhm hn ch kh nng suy on ca hacker.
Thm vo , mt trong nhng mi nguy him ln nht l nhng cch tn cng dng
hai phng php nn trn u mang tnh cht th ng. C ngha l k tng ch cn thu
nhn cc gi d liu trn ng truyn m khng cn lin lc vi AP. iu ny kh nng
pht hin cc tn cng tm kha WEP y kh khn v gn nh khng th pht hin c.
Hin nay, trn Internet sn c nhng cng c c kh nng tm kha WEP nh
AirCrack, Airsnort, dWepCrack, WepAttack, WepCrack, WeLab. Tuy nhin, s dng
nhng cng c ny i hi nhiu kin thc chuyn su v cng cn c hn ch v s lng
gi d liu cn bt c.
Gii php WEP ti u
gia tng mc bo mt cho WEP v gy kh khn cho hacker, cc bin php sau
c ngh:
-

S dng kha WEP c di 128 bit

Thc thi chnh sch thay i kha WEP nh k

S dng cc cng c theo di s liu thng k d liu trn ng truyn khng dy.

b) WPA
Wi-fi Alliance a ra gii php gi l Wi-fi Protected Aceess. Mt trong nhng ci
tin quan trng nht ca WPA l s dng hm thay i kha TKIP. WPA cng s dng
thut ton RC4 nh WEP, nhng m ha y 128 bit. V mt c im khc l WPA
thay i kha cho mi gi tin. Cc cng c thu nhp cc gi tin ph kha m kha u
khng th thc hin c vi WPA. Bi WPA thay i kha lin tc nn hacker khng
bao gi thu thp d liu mu tm ra mt khu.

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WPA c sn 2 la chn: WPA Personal v WPA Enterprise. C 2 la chn ny u s

dng giao thc TKIP, v s khc bit ch l kha khi to m ha lc u. WPA Personal
thch hp cho gia nh v mng vn phng nh, kha bi to s c s dng ti cc im
truy cp v thit b my trm. Trong khi , WPA cho doanh nghip cn mt my ch xc
thc v 802.1x cung cp cc kha khi to cho mi phin lm vic.
WPA c coi l loi tr mi l hng d b tn cng ca WEP, nhng ngi s dng
vn khng thc s tin tng vo WPA. C m l hng trong WPA v li ny ch xy ra
vi WPA Personal. Khi m s dng hm thay i kha TKIP c s dng to ra cc
kha m ha b pht hin, nu hacker co th on c kha khi to hoc mt phn ca
mt khu, h c th xc nh c ton b mt khu, do co th gii m c d liu.

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Chng 3. Thit k v trin khai

CHNG 3: THIT K V TRIN KHAI H THNG WLAN

CHO DOANH NGHIP
3.1. Cc thnh phn, thit b
3.1.1. Card mng khng dy.
Card mng khng dy giao tip my tnh vi mng khng dy bng cch iu ch tn
hiu d liu vi chui tri ph v thc hin mt giao thc truy nhp cm ng sng mang.
My tnh mun gi d liu trn mng, card mng khng dy s lng nghe cc truyn
dn khc. Nu khng thy cc truyn dn khc, card mng s pht ra mt khung d liu.
Trong khi , cc trm khc vn lin tc lng nghe d liu n, chim khung d liu pht
v kim tra xem a ch ca n c ph hp vi a ch ch trong phn Header ca khung
pht bn tin hay khng. Nu a ch trng vi a ch trm th trm s nhn v x l
khung d liu c, ngc li trm s thi hi khung d liu ny.
Cc card mng khng dy khng khc nhiu so vi card mng c s dng trong
mng Lan c dy. Card mng khng dy trao i thng tin vi h iu hnh mng thng
qua mt b iu khin chuyn dng. Nh vy, bt k ng dng no cng c th s dng
mng khng dy truyn d liu.
Tuy nhin, khc vi cc card mng c dy, cc card mng khng dy l khng cn dy
ni. Card mng c dy c th s dng khe cm ISA hoc khe cm PCI trn my tnh
bn hoc s dng khe cm PCMCIA trn cc laptop. Card mng khng dy thng c mt
anten ngoi c th gn vo tng hoc mt v tr no trong phng.
3.1.2. im truy cp mng khng dy
Mt im truy cp khng dy hot ng nh mt trm truyn thng WLAN trung tm,
hay cn c gi l trm c s.
Cc im truy cp lin kt mt mng LAN khng dy vi mng Ethernet c dy tn ti
trc .

VIETHANIT

Chng 3. Thit k v trin khai

Cc im truy cp khng dy AP to ra cc vng ph sng, ni cc nt di ng ti cc

c s h tng LAN c dy. V cc im truy cp cho php m rng vng ph sng nn cc
mng khng dy WLAN c th trin khai trong c mt ta nh hay mt khu trng i
hc, to ra mt vng truy cp khng dy rng ln. Cc im truy cp ny khng ch cung
cp trao i thng tin vi cc mng c dy m cn lc lu lng v thc hin chc nng
cu ni vi cc tiu chun khc. Chc nng lc gip gi gn di thng trn cc knh v
tuyn nh loi b cc lu lng tha.
3.1.3. Router khng dy
Mt router khng dy l mt im truy cp khng dy vi mt s chc nng hu ch
khc. Ging nh router dng trong mng c dy, router khng dy h tr cc kt ni
Internet vi k thut tng la nhm nng cao tnh nng bo mt cho mng . Router khng
dy rt ging vi cc im truy cp.
3.1.4. ngten khng dy
B iu hp mng khng dy, im truy cp v router u s dng mt ng-ten h tr
thu pht tn hiu trn WLAN. Mt s ng-ten khng dy ging nh trn b iu hp nm
n bn trong. Mt s khc trn nhiu im truy cp nm bn ngoi. Cc ng-ten thng
thng cng c th hon thnh nhim v thu sng ca mnh. Nhng nu ci t mt ngten b sung, qu trnh nhn tn hiu s c nng cao.
3.1.5. B khuch i tn hiu khng dy
Bridge khng dy
Cc WBridge tng t nh cc im truy cp khng dy tr trng hp chng c s
dng cho cc knh bn ngoi. Ph thuc vo khong cch v vng m cn dng ti anten
ngoi. WBridge c thit k ni cc mng vi nhau, c bit trong cc to nh c
khong cch xa ti 32 km.
WBridge cung cp mt phng php nhanh chng v r tin so vi vic s dng cp,
hoc ng in thoi thu ring (leased-line) v thng c s dng khi cc kt ni c
dy truyn thng khng th thc hin hoc kh khn nh qua sng, a hnh him tr, cc

VIETHANIT

Chng 3. Thit k v trin khai

khu vc ring, ng cao tc... Khc vi cc lin kt cp v cc mch in thoi chuyn

dng, WBridge c th lc lu lng v m bo rng cc h thng mng khng dy c
kt ni tt m khng b mt lu lng cn thit.
Repeater
Repeater cng c chc nng tng t nh bridge l m rng phm vi kt ni mng
nhng hot ng lp vt l (m hnh OSI) ch n thun l tng cng tn hiu v
chuyn tip d liu m thi.
3.1.6. Cc thit b my khch
-

PCMCIA v Card Compact Flash

Hnh 3.1. Card PCMCIA

Hnh 3.2.Card Compact Flash

VIETHANIT

Chng 3. Thit k v trin khai

B chuyn i Ethernet v Serial

Hnh 3.3.B chuyn i Ethernet v Serial

USB Adapters

Hnh 3.4. USB adapters

PCI v ISA Adapter

Hnh 3.5.PCI Adapter

3.2. Cc vn lin quan khi lp t, khai thc v s dng

3.2.1. Lp t WLAN

- Hiu c cc giao thc 802.11 hot ng nh th no, cc c im ca node di

dng, bo mt lp MAC v cht lng dch v (Qos) l cn thit khi quyt nh trin khai
mt mng WLAN. S c rt nhiu vic phi lm khi trin khai AP ch khng ch l i dy,

VIETHANIT

Chng 3. Thit k v trin khai

cu hnh v treo thit b ln trn nh. Nhng kha cnh vt l khi thc hin vic kho st s
gip cho ngi qun l c mt ci nhn v tnh kh thi ca cc vng ph sng m mi AP
cung cp, s lng AP cn thit bao ph vng mong mun, cc thit lp v knh truyn
cng nh cng sut pht.
3.2.2. Khai thc WLAN
nh hng ca cc ng dng n s trin khai WLAN l khc nhau. iu quan trng
bn cn phi hiu l nhng nh hng ny tc ng th no n vic trin khai WLAN.
Sau y l yu t chnh cn xem xt:
+ Throughput cho tng client (per-client).
+ Kiu ng dng streaming hay kiu ng dng bursty.
+ S tranh ginh ng truyn v tr ca ng dng.
Throughput cho tng client s b gim mi khi c client mi tham gia vo BSS.
i vi mng 802.11b 11Mbps th vic chia s cng vi bn cht half-duplex th
throughput tht s ch cn li khong 6 Mbps. Nu nh trong mng c 25 clients th
throught cho mi clients l khong 245 Kbps. Tng t, vi mng 802.11a 54 Mbps th
throughtput tht s l 22 Mbps v throughput cho tng client l 880 Kbps.
Kiu ng dng s nh hng mt cch ng k n s liu trn. Kiu ng dng
streaming nh voice c nhiu s khc bit so vi ng dng bursty nh HTTP hay POP3.
S tranh ginh ng truyn trong 802.11 tng t nh s tranh ginh ng truyn
trong mng c dy 802.3 half-duplex. Tt c cc trm u c c hi truy cp ng truyn
nh nhau v nu nh s lng cc trm cng ln th kh nng xung t gia cc frame s
cng cao.
C 2 phng thc trin khai mng WLAN:
- Coverage oriented (hng bao ph)

VIETHANIT

Chng 3. Thit k v trin khai

- Capacity oriented (hng kh nng)

Coverage-Oriented Wlan c thit k cung cp vng ph sng ti a trong mng
WLAN vi t AP nht (mt mng coverage-oriented thng thng s cung cp mt
ngi dng so vi AP l 25/1).
Vic trin khai theo coverage-oriented s rt thch hp cho cc kiu ng dng c tc
gi thp v yu cu bandwidth thp. Nh m ngi dng s c throughput hiu dng
kh cao. Cu hnh ny cho php nhiu ngi s dng WLAN hn trong khi vn duy tr
hiu nng va .
Ph hp thay th cho mng Ethernet c dy, vic trin khai l n gin hn v c th
cung cp nhng kt ni c bn nh chia s file hay printer.
Capacity-Oriented WLAN c thit k cung cp throughput v tc gi tin ti a
cho mi client trong BSS. Kch thc cell ( t bo, vng ph sng ca 1 AP) ca
capacity-oriented l nh hn so vi cell ca coverage-oriented nn s cn mt AP cao
hn. Trin khai theo capactity-oriented cho nhng vng c c im sau:
- Cc ng dng c tc gi tin cao.
- Cc ng dng nhy v tr.
- C kch thc subnet nh ( hay nhiu subnet trong 1 vng ph sng)
- C mt ngi dng cao.
Vng bao ng ca mi AP cng nh hn nhiu, tht s th kch thc cell ch cn li
mt na so vi coverage-oriented, nn s cn n lng AP hn gp i so vi trin khai
theo coverage-oriented. Mi AP s cung cp vng ph sng cho khong 12 ngi s dng.

3.3. Thit k v trin khai

3.3.1. Phn tch v nh gi lu lng
Xy dng m hnh trin khai lp t v tnh ton gi thnh lp t h thng mng ca
Cng Ty TNHH InfoTech gm 3 tng:

VIETHANIT

Tng 1: Gm c Phng L tn

Tng 2: Gm Phng K Ton v Phng Kinh Doanh.

Tng 3: Gm Phng K Thut, Phng Gim c.

Chng 3. Thit k v trin khai

+ Phn tch:
y l mt m hnh gm nhiu mng LAN nh, cc mng c b tr tng tng ring
bit.
Yu cu v tnh bo mt cho h thng, cho cc mng con trong cng ty cng nh gia
mng ton cng ty v bn ngoi.
Gi thnh lp t cho hp l, cc trm lm vic hot ng c kt qu ti u. S dng h
thng WLAN
H thng cp mng cn c thit k m bo p ng cc yu cu v kt ni tc
cao v kh nng d phng cng nh m rng ln cc cng ngh mi.
Ton b h thng mng ca cng ty c kt ni da trn h thng WLAN.
Do nhiu my s dng chun 802.11b, v ngy nay chun ny l ph bin nht nn ta
cng p dng chun ny cho vic lp t vo h thng ca mnh.
Tm hiu cc thit b c th gy nhiu sng Wireless (do s dng bng tn 2.4GHZ,
sng radio) nn d b nh hng bi cc thit b khc s dng chung tn s
Nhim v ca h thng:
-

Cc PC c th trao i d liu vi nhau trong mng cng nh ngoi mng.

Mi phng u c 1 my in Wireless

M hnh mng ca cng ty da trn m hnh mng m rng (Extented Service Set)

VIETHANIT

Chng 3. Thit k v trin khai

Hnh 3.6. M hnh mng m rng

+ nh gi lu lng truyn thng:

Lu lng truyn thng y l trung bnh, nn chng ta s dng chun 802.11b.
y l chun ph bin v nhiu ngi s dng.
Gi cao im ca mng l thi gian m cc my tnh ca cc mng con phi cng gi
d liu v Server ca cng ty ny.
Cn xc nh r s trm ca mng bit c cn dng loi Router v Access Point
no cho hp l nht.
Yu cu ra cho mng:
Ngi dng WLAN c th truy nhp mng t bt c a im lm vic no ca mnh
( xc nh vic truy nhp WLAN v tr no l cn thit).
Cung cp cho ngi dng bng thng ln thc hin cng vic ca h (quyt nh
tc ng truyn chp nhn c cho cc phm vi WLAN).
3.3.2. D tho m hnh mng:
Thit b u cui:

VIETHANIT

Chng 3. Thit k v trin khai

Cho mng cng ty:

Gm : 1 Server, 1 Router. Cp quang, Cp ng trc, cp UTP-Cat5e, Access Point
Cho mng ca cc phng ban:
-

Access Point, my in, cp UTP-CAT5e

Cc my tnh c nhn.

V tr t cc thit b u cui:
V tr t PC: v y l m hnh mng WLAN, nn cc thit b trong m hnh c th d
dng thay i v tr trong lc lm vic trong h thng mng ring ca phng mnh.
V tr t Access Point: Ti Trung tm ca phng, hoc h thng mng, sao cho ti ,
thit b pht hot ng ti u nht.
La chn kiu LAN cho tng h thng mng cc phng ca cng ty ( y l m
hnh mng m rng).
Ln danh sch cc thit b mng, la chn cc thit b cn thit cho vic lp t h
thng
3.3.3. Tnh ton gi c:
Tnh ton v gi thnh (theo gi th trng 11/2011). y, qua kinh nghim c nhn
ca nhm v hiu bit, nhm la chn cc thit b sau:
Server:
Cu hnh: 2xIntel Xeon 3.4GHz/ Ram 4.0GB DDR2 PC2-3200 ECC/ HDD 3*72.8GB
15k Ultra320 SCSI/ Smart Arry Controlle/ DVD ROM/ 2xPower Specifications 575 Watt
(Hai ngun cung cp in nng)/ No Rack Rails.
Gi : 16.000.000 VN

PC trm:

VIETHANIT

Chng 3. Thit k v trin khai

Cu hinh: Intel Pentium Dual Core E5800(3.2GHz/800/2MB)/ Chipset G41/ RAM 1GB
DDR3 1333/ 250 GB SATA 7200rpm HDD/ DVD RW SATA/ GMA X4500/ 17 LCD
Monitor/ OS:Windows XP/ Keyboard & Mouse Mitsumi.
Gi: 5.000.000 VN
Tt c cc PC trm u c tch hp card Wireless: Linksys WMP54G Wireless-G PCI
Adapter

Gi: 658.000 VN
Router:
S dng router: Planet ADSL 2/2+ 4-Port Router ADE-4400A

Gi: 800.000 VN
My in:

VIETHANIT

Chng 3. Thit k v trin khai

S dng my in Wireless: Brother MFC-7840W All in One

Gi: 4.000.000 VN
Switch:
S dng Switch: TP-Link TL-SG1008 8 Ports 10/100/1000Mbps RJ45.

Gi: 1.100.000 VN
Access Point:
S dng Access Point: TP-LINK TL-WR740N 150Mbits

Gi: 420.000 VN
Cp UTP-CAT5E

VIETHANIT

Chng 3. Thit k v trin khai

Gi: 8000 VN/m

H thng mng cng ty InfoTech gm:
-

1 my Server: 16.000.000 VN

15 my PC trm: 75.000.000 VN

3 my in: 12.000.000 VN

3 Acess Point: 1.260.000

1 Router: 800.000 VN

1 Switch: 1.100.000 VN

30m cp UTP Cat5e: 240.000 VN

Tng chi ph lp t cho h thng mng ca cng ty l: 106.400.000 VN

3.3.4. Xy dng bng a ch IP:
t a ch IP ng cho tt c cc PC trong mng, tuy nhin ta t password cho cc
Access Point, v cc PC mun vo mng phi c key ca mng . Ngoi ra trin khai
Roaming, cc Access Point cn phi cng chun, SSID (Service Set Identifier), ch m
ha/ xc thc nhng khng c trng knh.

Tng

Phng

IP

Subnet Mask

Default

DNS Server

VIETHANIT

Chng 3. Thit k v trin khai

gateway
1

L Tn

192.168.0.10

255.255.255.0

192.168.0.1

192.168.1.254

255.255.255.0

192.168.0.2

192.168.1.254

255.255.255.0

192.168.0.2

192.168.1.254

255.255.255.0

192.168.0.3

192.168.1.254

255.255.255.0

192.168.0.3

192.168.1.254

192.168.0.11
K Ton

192.168.0.30
192.168.0.31
192.168.0.32

192.168.0.33
Kinh
doanh

192.168.0.34
192.168.0.35
192.168.0.36

K Thut

192.168.0.60
192.168.0.61
192.168.0.62

192.168.0.63
192.168.0.64
Gim
c

192.168.1.100

VIETHANIT

Chng 3. Thit k v trin khai

3.3.5. S h thng mng

Hnh 3.7. S h thng mng

3.4. Kt lun
Trong mi trng cnh tranh v hi nhp nh hin nay, c th tn ti v pht trin
th CNTT l mt v kh khng th thiu i vi cc doanh nghip. CNTT bng n km
theo l s pht trin ca ngnh khoa hc my tnh. Ngy nay cng ngh lun i i vi
i sng, khoa hc k thut gip gim i sc lao ng ca con ngi. Hiu sut lm vic
c nng cao, con ngi tr nn linh ng hn, do cng vic tr nn hiu qu hn rt
nhiu.
Vi mi trng mng khng dy trong doanh nghip, khng gian lm vic s khng
cn b b hp trong mt khong no , mi ngi c th t do di chuyn trao i cng
vic vi nhau m khng s b gin on, gin tip lm cho cng vic c hiu qu hn.

VIETHANIT

Chng 3. Thit k v trin khai

Bn cnh tnh mm do ca mi trng mng khng dy cng cho php doanh nghip
d dng nng cp h thng ca mnh p ng tt hn nhu cu ca cng vic.
Bn cnh nhng u im th vn khng trnh khi nhng nhc im nh vn
bo mt ca mi trng mng khng dy, tn hiu truyn i lc cn b gin on do nhiu
hoc vt cn ln. Do cn hn ch v mt kin thc nn chng em cha th tm hiu su v
nhng vn ny, nhm rt mong nhn c s gp ca qu Thy (C) v cc bn
n c hon thin hn.

VIETHANIT

TI LIU THAM KHO

Ting Vit
[1]

Nguyn Hng Sn, K thut truyn s liu, NXB Lao ng X hi

[2]
Nguyn Minh Nht, Bi ging An ton mng, Khoa Cng Ngh Thng Tin
i Hc Duy Tn
Ting Anh
[3]

Building A Cisco Wireless LAN (Syngress Publishing 2002)

Ngun t Internet
[4]

http://www.wlana.com

[5]

http://www.quantrimang.com

[6]

http://www.nhatnghe.com

[7]

http://www.3c.com.vn

VIETHANIT

NHN XT CA GING VIN HNG DN

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