Kha hc LTH mn Vt l Thy ngVit Hng

Bi ging Dao ng c hc

TNG HP DAO NG IU HA
(TI LIU BI GING)

Gio vin: NG VIT HNG

Mt s kin thc cn nh:

1) Tng hp hai dao ng : x1 = A1cos(t + 1) v x2 = A2cos(t + 2) c mt dao ng x = Acos(t + ).
A 2 = A12 + A 22 + 2A1A 2 cos ( 2 1 ) = A12 + A 22 + 2A1A 2 cos

Trong
A1 sin 1 + A 2 sin 2
tan = A cos + A cos , ( 1 2 )
1
1
2
2

A = A1 + A 2
+ Nu = k2

= 1 = 2
A = A1 A 2

+ Nu = ( 2k + 1)
= 2 ;A 2 > A1

= 1 ;A 2 > A 2

+ Nu = ( 2k + 1)
A = A12 + A 22 , t ta lun c A1 A 2 A A1 + A 2
2
2) Khi bit mt dao ng thnh phn x1 = A1cos(t + 1) v dao ng tng hp x = Acos(t + ) th dao ng thnh
A 22 = A 2 + A12 2AA1cos ( 1 )

phn cn li l x2 = A2cos(t + 2). Trong :

A sin A1 sin 1
tan 2 = Acos A cos , ( 1 2 )
1
1

3) Khi hai dao ng thnh phn lch pha nhau gc > th ta c bi ton tm A1 A2 max hoc ngc li.
2
A

A 2max =
= A12 + A 2



sin

+ Khi A1 thay i A2 max th A1 A

A = A.tan = A 2 A 2
2max

1
2

2
2
A1max = sin = A 2 + A





+ Khi A2 thay i A1 max th A 2 A

A = A.tan = A 2 A 2
1max

2
2

V d 1: Hai dao ng c cng phng, cng tn s f = 50 Hz, c bin A1 = 20 cm, A2 = 10 cm.

Cc pha ban u 1 = /3 rad; 2 = rad.
a) Vit phng trnh ca hai dao ng .







b) Tm bin v pha ban u ca dao ng tng hp. V trn cng mt gin vc t cc vc t A1 ;A 2 ;A.
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V d 2: Cho hai dao ng c phng trnh x1 = 3cos(t + /3) cm v x2 = 5cos(t + 2) cm.

Hy xc nh phng trnh v v gin vc t ca dao ng tng hp trong cc trng hp sau:
a) Hai dao ng cng pha.
b) Hai dao ng ngc pha.
c) Dao ng 2 sm pha dao ng th nht mt gc /2.
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Kha hc LTH mn Vt l Thy ngVit Hng

Bi ging Dao ng c hc

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V d 3: Mt vt thc hin ng thi 2 dao ng iu ho cng phng, cng tn s c phng trnh:

x1 = 3 cos t cm; x 2 = cos ( t ) cm. Vit phng trnh ca dao ng tng hp?
2

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p s: x = 2cos t cm.
3

V d 4: Mt vt thc hin ng thi hai dao ng iu ha cng phng, cng tn s c phng trnh:
x1 = 5cos(t + /3) cm; x2 = 5cos(t) cm. Vit phng trnh ca dao ng tng hp?
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p s: x = 5 3 cos t + cm.
6

V d 5: Cho hai dao ng cng phng, cng tn s, c cc phng trnh dao ng l x1 = 3cos(t) cm v
x2 = 4cos(t + 5/6) cm. Tm bin ca dao ng tng hp trn?
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V d 6: Hai dao ng c iu ho, cng phng, cng tn s gc = 50 rad/s, c bin ln lt l 6 cm v 8 cm,
dao ng th hai tr pha hn dao ng th nht l /2. Xc nh bin ca dao ng tng hp. T suy ra vn tc
cc i ca dao ng tng hp.
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V d 7: Mt vt thc hin ng thi hai dao ng iu ha cng phng. Hai phng trnh dao ng thnh phn l
x1 = 9cos(10t + /2) cm v x2 = 9cos(10t + 2) cm. Tm 2 v lp phng trnh dao ng tng hp trong cc trng
hp sau
a) Dao ng 1 sm pha 2/3 so vi dao ng 2.
b) Dao ng 1 sm pha /2 so vi dao ng 2.
c) Hai dao ng ngc pha
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Kha hc LTH mn Vt l Thy ngVit Hng

Bi ging Dao ng c hc

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V d 8: Mt vt thc hin ng thi hai dao ng iu ha cng phng cng tn s 10 Hz v c bin ln lt l 7
cm v 8 cm. Bit hiu s pha dao ng thnh phn l /6 rad. Tnh vn tc ca vt khi vt c li 12 cm.
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V d 9: Dao ng tng hp ca hai dao ng iu ha cng phng, cng tn s c phng trnh li
5

x = 5sin t cm . Bit dao ng hp thnh th hai c phng trnh li x 2 = 3cos t cm. Dao ng hp
6
3

thnh th nht c phng trnh li nh th no?

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2

p s: x1 = 2cos t +
cm.
3

V d 10: Dao ng tng hp ca hai dao ng iu ha cng phng cng tn s c phng trnh li
x = 3cos(5t 5/6) cm. Bit dao ng th nht c phng trnh li x1 = 5cos(5t + /6) cm. Dao ng th hai c
phng trnh li nh th no?
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V d 11: Mt vt tham gia ng thi vo dao ng iu ha cng phng, cng tn s c phng trnh ln lt l
x1 = 2cos(100t /3) cm; x2 = sin(100t + /6) cm.
a) Vit phng trnh ca dao ng tng hp.
b) Vt c khi lng l m = 100 (g), tnh nng lng dao ng ca vt.
c) Tnh tc ca vt ti thi im t = 2 (s).
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V d 12: Mt vt tham gia ng thi hai dao ng iu ha cng phng, cng tn s c phng trnh ln lt l
x1 = A1cos(20t + /6) cm; x2 = A2cos(20t + 5/6) cm. Bit tc cc i ca vt trong qu trnh dao ng l
vmax = 140 cm/s. Bit A2 = 7 cm. Tnh bin dao ng A1 ca vt.
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Kha hc LTH mn Vt l Thy ngVit Hng

Bi ging Dao ng c hc

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V d 13: Mt vt thc hin hai dao ng iu ho cng phng cng tn s c bin v pha ban u ln lt l A1,
A2, 1 = /3, 2 = /2 rad, dao ng tng hp c bin l 18 cm.
a) Khi A2 c gi cc i th A1 c gi tr l bao nhiu?
b) Khi A1 c gi cc i th A2 c gi tr l bao nhiu?
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V d 14: Mt vt thc hin hai dao ng iu ho cng phng cng tn s vi cc phng trnh
2

x1 = A1cos t +
v x 2 = A 2 cos t . Phng trnh ca dao ng tng hp l x = 12cos ( t + ) . Khi A2 c
3
6

gi tr cc i th
a) pha ban u ca dao ng tng hp c gi tr l
b) A1 v A2 c gi tr l bao nhiu?
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V d 15: Tm phng trnh dao ng tng hp ca ba dao ng c phng trnh ln lt l

sau x1 = 4cos 20t + cm; x 2 = 2 3 cos 20t + cm; x 3 = 8cos 20t cm

6
3
2

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Gio vin

: ng Vit Hng

Ngun

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