CHNG 1 GII THIEU

Muc tieu Hieu cai goi la cach t duy kinh te Tm hieu cac chu e trong kinh te hoc

Bai oc Bai oc: (1) Chng 1; (2) Chng 1, 2.

Bai oc 1: Cac khai niem c ban cua kinh te hoc Hoac (3) Chapter 1 (4) Chng 1, 2

Noi dung 1.1 Cac Khai Niem c ban 1.2 Khan hiem, la chon, chi ph c hoi 1.3 ng gii han kha nang san xuat 1.4 Gia tr

Chng 1: Gii thieu

1.1

CAC KHAI NIEM

Kinh te hoc: s dung va quan ly hieu qua tai nguyen hu han e at c mc o thoa man nhu cau vat chat con ngi cao nhat. Tai sao kinh te hoc?

T duy kinh te Hieu biet ve xa hoi Hieu cac van e toan cau La mot ngi cong dan co trach nhiem

Pham vi cua kinh te hoc: V mo va Vi mo Kinh te hoc VI MO (Microeconomics): xem xet s van hanh cua tng loai th trng va hanh vi cua tng n v ra quyet nh Doanh nghiep va ca nhan. Kinh te hoc V MO (Macroeconomics) Nghien cu hanh vi kinh te tong hp- thu nhap, viec lam, san lng - pham vi quoc gia Phng phap nghien cu: Chuan tac va thc chng Kinh te hoc CHUAN TAC (Normative Economics): Phan tch ket qua cua hanh vi kinh te, anh gia va e ngh hanh ong. V du: Chnh phu co NEN tr gia xang? Phan tch chuan tac: nen lam g (kinh te hoc chnh sach) Kinh te hoc THC CHNG (Positive Economics): tm hieu hanh vi va s van hanh cua he thong ma khong phan xet. 2

Chng 1: Gii thieu

Hng en giai thch s ton tai s cua kien va tai sao. V du: Viec g se xay ra neu nha nc khong anh thue? Phan tch thc chng the hien moi quan he nhan qua va la trung tam cua Kinh Te Vi Mo: giai thch hien tng, kiem nh quan sat va xay dng mo hnh d bao. Th trng (Market): tap hp nhng ngi mua va ban thong qua tng tac xac nh gia cua san pham. Nganh (Industry): tap hp nhng doanh nghiep ban cung mot loai hay nhng san pham tng t nhau. Th trng canh tranh: Khong co mot ca nhan (ngi mua hay ban) co the anh hng en en gia tren th trng. Th trng khong canh tranh: ton tai tac nhan co the anh hng en gia tren th trng. Gia th trng: Gia ton tai trong th trng canh tranh. Ceteris Paribus: Cong cu phan tch quan he gia hai bien, cac bien khac khong oi. Cac yeu to san xuat (nguon lc): o at o Lao ong o Von o Kha nang kinh doanh

Chng 1: Gii thieu

Ba cau hoi can ban cua kinh te hoc: Quan em cua quoc Quan iem cua doanh gia: nghiep: San xuat cai g va bao nhieu? San xuat the nao? Quyet xuat nh san

Ai se nhan nhng san pham nay? Quyet nh phan khuc th trng.

Thue, mua hang, tuyen dung, hoach nh ngan sach.

Chng 1: Gii thieu

Nen kinh te th trng: La nen kinh te trong o s trao oi c ho tr thong qua th trng trong o gia ong vai tro quyet nh. e th trng van hanh hieu qua can: Phng tien trao oi: on nh va ang tin cay Canh ranh va thong tin hoan hao: minh bach, ngi tieu dung co u thong tin, de dang gia nhap va rut lui. Cac nh che vng manh: Luat phap bao ve quyen s hu va am bao hieu lc cac hp ong. Ha tang xa hoi: chuan mc tn nhiem, long tin, tha nhan va ngha vu. Phan phoi thu nhap: u e tao ra s ong thuan va duy tr trat t xa hoi va khong pha huy ong lc xa hoi

Chng 1: Gii thieu

1.2

KHAN HIEM, LA CHON, CHI PH C HOI

Tai nguyen hu han Nhu cau vo tan Khan hiem Chi ph c hoi (opportunity cost): Gia tr cua c hoi tot nhat a bo qua. Hnh 1: Mo hnh chi ph c hoi
Tai nguyen H u h a n K h a n h ie m M ong m uon v o ta n L a c h o n Chi ph c hoi

Chng 1: Gii thieu

Case study: Chi ph c hoi

Sau nhieu nam lam quan ly cho mot cong ty nc ngoai tai TPHCM, Anh Nam quyet nh t mnh kinh doanh. Nam d kien au t 150 trieu ong e lam von lu ong kinh doanh. Anh d bao doanh thu va chi ph trung bnh ba nam au tien hoat ong cua doanh nghiep nh sau: Hang muc Doanh thu chnh Thue van phong Cac chi ph khac Tra lng So tien 180,000 36,000 20,000 24,000

Ban hay anh gia c hoi kinh doanh nay. Co the neu ra nhng gia nh e phan tch. 1.3 ng gii han kha nang san xuat (Production Possibility Frontier - PPF)

Bieu o the hien s ket hp cua hang hoa va dch vu co the san xuat neu tai nguyen cua xa hoi c s dung hieu qua. Hnh 2: ng gii han kha nang san xuat

Chng 1: Gii thieu

T h c pham F1 800 500

A G F E D B

100

120

Q uan ao

Cac gia nh: (1) Toan dung cac yeu to san xuat va san xuat (2) oi (3) Nguon cung yeu to san xuat khong Tnh trang cong nghe on nh

(4) Nen kinh te ch san xuat hai loai san pham Nen kinh te phat trien: ng PPF dch chuyen sang phai ac iem

Quy luat la chon: Chi ph c hoi san xuat them thc pham bang san xuat t hn hang hoa khac. Quy luat chi ph c hoi tang dan. Gia tr

1.4

Thuyet nguyen lieu au vao cua gia tr Thuyet gia tr s dung: anh gia chu quan 8

Chng 1: Gii thieu

Hnh 3 Cac hnh thai gia tr.

L i t c k in h t e

V Q = Doanh th u

G ia tr g ia t a n g ( V a lu e added)

Lai van hanh

Chi ph von Lng Lng Chi ph nguyen l ie u

Chi ph nguyen l ie u

Chi ph nguyen li e u

V 1 (c h i ph yeu to au vao)

Kinh te hoc quan tam gia tr bien te (maginal value): anh gia chu quan cua ngi tieu dung cho mot n v san pham tang them (bang tien) va Chi ph e san xuat them mot n v san pham. 1.5 Cac he thong kinh te

Cac he thong kinh te o Nen kinh te tap trung o Nen kinh te th trng (Laissez-faire) Tnh t chu cua ngi tieu dung Quyet nh san xuat Phan phoi san lng Ly thuyet ve gia o Nen kinh te hon hp, th trng va chnh phu

Chng 1: Gii thieu

CAU HOI THAO LUAN

1. Tm chi ph c hoi cua tng phat bieu sau

Hoc e thi kinh te hoc. Danh ra 2 gi e chi Games. Mua xe mi. Sau khi tot nghiep tiep tuc i hoc.

2. Mo ta s anh oi trong moi quyet nh sau

Sau mot nam hoc met moi, Ban Nam chon i mua he xanh thay v cac ban khac i hoc he, i lam ben ngoai. Huy rat sieng nang tap the duc, moi ngay anh danh t nhat 30 phut e chi the thao mac du hoc cang thang. Tuan rat voi, v vay anh vt en o.

3. Viec xay cau thu thiem bac qua song Sai Gon co y ngha nh the nao?

Ai la ngi hng li Ai la ngi b thiet hai Nen tai tr nh the nao

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