n mn hc Trang b in

LI M U
Trong cc th v cc vng th ha h thng thot nc v h thng cp nc l mt trong nhng h thng c s h tng rt quan trng, khng th thiu c. trong h thng cp nc v h thng thot nc th cng trnh thu nc trm bm cp I v trm bm cp thot nc l nhng cng trnh ch yu v rt quan trng. n trm bm cp I s nghin cu v cc quy trnh thu nc t ngun nc ngm v ngun nc mt a ln trm x l hoc b cha. Vic thc hin n ny rt l b ch cho cc sinh vin, n s gip cc sinh vin t tm ti hc hi, v hiu ra nhiu quy trnh cp thot nc v cch vn hnh ca n, t s lm nn tng v ngun kin thc di do cho cc sinh vin khi hot ng trong cc cng tc chuyn ngnh ca mnh v cc hot ng trong i sng v lnh vc thit k, thi cng, qun l h thng cp nc. Cc h thng bm cht lng bnh h c ng dng rt rng ri . Bi vit tuy khng di nhng hi vng c th p ng li mt phn no nhu cu tm hiu v h thng bm nc ln bnh h. V t chng ta c mt ci nhn y hn v h thng bm v cc chng trnh iu khin. Bi vit ny cn rt nhiu thiu st, em mong nhn c nhng nh gi, nhng li gp ca thy c v cc bn. Sinh vin thc hin Nguyn c Thng

Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn c Thng Lp: T 47 - H2

 n mn hc Trang b in MC LC Trang Chng 1. Tng quan h thng bm cht lng, cu to bm.. 3 1.1. Gii thiu chung v h thng my bm.. .. 3 1.2. H thng bm cht lng ln bnh h . 16 Chng 2. Thit k iu khin, h truyn ng in cho trm c nhiu bm 2.1. Xy dng mch iu khin . 17 2.2. Xy dng mch ng lc 23 Chng 3. Vit chng trnh iu khin ... .27 3.1. Vit chng trnh iu khin cho PLC ... 24 3.2. M phng 30

Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn c Thng Lp: T 47 - H2

 n mn hc Trang b in CHNG 1. TNG QUAN H THNG BM CHT LNG CU TO BM 1.1. Gii thiu chung v h thng my bm:

1.1.1. Khi nim chung: - Bm l my thu lc dng ht v y cht lng t ni ny n ni khc. Cht lng dch chuyn trong ng ng nn bm phi tng p sut cht lng u ng ng thng tr lc trn ng ng v thng hiu p sut 2 u ng ng. Nng lng bm cp cho cht lng ly t ng c in hoc t cc ngun ng lc khc (my n, my hi nc). - iu kin lm vic ca bm rt khc nhau (trong nh, ngoi tri, m, nhit v.v) v bm phi chu c tnh cht l ho ca cht lng cn vn chuyn. 1.1.2. Phn loai: Phn loai bm co nhiu cach: a. Theo nguyn li lam vic hay cach cp nng lng, co hai loai bm: Bm th tich: Loai bm nay khi lam vic thi khng gian th tich lam vic thay i nh chuyn ng tinh tin cua pittong (bm pittong) hay nh chuyn ng quay cua roto (bm roto). Kt qua th nng va ap sut cht long tng ln nghia la bm cung cp ap nng cho cht long. Bm ng hoc: trong bm nay cht long c cung cp ng nng t bm va ap sut tng ln. Cht long qua bm, thu c ng lng nh va p cua cac canh quat (bm li tm, bm hng truc) hoc nh ma sat cua tac nhn lam vic (bm xoay lc, bm tia, bm chn ng, bm xon, bm suc khi), hoc nh tac ng cua trng in t (bm in t) hay cac trng lc khac. b. Theo cu tao: - Bm canh quat: trong loai nay bm li tm chim a s va hay gp nht (bm nc) - Bm pittong ( bm nc, bm du) - Bm roto (bm du, hoa cht, bun...) Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn c Thng Lp: T 47 - H2 3

 n mn hc Trang b in Thuc loai nay co bm banh rng, bm cach trt (la gat) Ngoai ra con co cac loai c bit nh bm mang canh (Bm xng trong t), bm phun tia (tao chn khng trong cac bm ln nha may nhit in) 1.1.3. S cc phn t ca mt h thng bm Cc phn t c bn trong mt h thng bm c gii thiu trn hnh 1.1:

Hnh 1.1 : S cu trc ca mt h thng bm Bm ht cht lng t b ht 4 qua b lc 3, qua ng ht 5, qua van 6, van 7 v y cht lng qua ng y 8 vo b cha 9. ng c lai 1 dng quay bm 2, 11 l ng h ch th ca ht cn 12 l ng h ch th ca y. 1.1.4. Cc thng s c bn ca bm a. Ct ap H (hay ap sut bm). o la lng tng nng lng ring cho mt n vi trong lng cua cht long chay qua bm (t ming hut n ming y cua bm). Ct ap H thng c tinh bng met ct cht long ( hay met ct nc) hoc tinh i ra ap sut cua bm
P = .H = gH

Trong o: - : trong lng ring cua cht long c bm (N/m3) - : Khi lng ring cht long (kg/m3) Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn c Thng Lp: T 47 - H2 4

 n mn hc Trang b in - g : Gia tc trong trng Ct ap H cua bm dung khc phuc: - chnh mc cht long gia b cha va b hut Hh + Hd [m] - chnh ap sut tai hai mt thoang b hut (p1) va b cha (p2)
p 2 p1 p 2 p1 = g

- Tr tuy lc (tn tht nng lng n vi ) trong ng hut ng y hd

va

- chnh lch ap sut ng hoc(ng nng) gia hai mt thoang

2 v2 1 v2 2g
2 p 2 p1 v 2 v12 H = (H h + H d ) + + hh + hd + g 2g

hh = hh =
Trong o:

2 vh h l h ( + d ) 2g d h 2 vd d l d ( + h ) 2g d d

- vh, vd : vn tc cht long trong ng hut va ng y (m/s) - h, d : h s tr lc ma sat trong ng hut va ng y - lh, ld, dh, dd : cac chiu dai va ng kinh ng hut ng y (m) - h , d : tng h s troe lc cuc b trong ng hut va ng y b. Lu lng (nng sut) bm: o la th tich cht long do bm cung cp vao ng y trong mt n vi thi gian. c. Cng sut bm ( P hay N ) Trong mt s t my bm cn phi phn bit 3 loi cng sut: Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn c Thng Lp: T 47 - H2 5

 n mn hc Trang b in - Cng sut lm vic N i (cng sut hu ch) l cng a mt lng Q cht lng ln cao H trong mt n v thi gian (s)
N i = * Q * H * 10 3 [kW]

( 1.2)

Trong : [N/ m 3 ], Q[ m 3 /s], H[m] - Cng sut ti trc bm N (thng ghi trn nhn bm) . Cng sut ny thng ln hn Ni v c tn hao ma st. - Cng sut ng c ko bm (Nc). Cng sut ny thng ln hn N b hiu sut truyn ng gia ng c v bm, ngoi ra cn d phng qa ti bt thng.
N c = k * N k * *Q * H = * 10 3 [kW] t b * t

( 1.3 )

Trong : k - h s d phng Cn vi k th cng sut bm di: 2kW, ly k = 1,50 2 - 5 kW ly k = 1,50 1,25 5 - 50kW ly k = 1,25 1,15 50 - 100kW ly k = 1,15 1,08 Cng sut bm trn 100kw ly k = 1.05 Cng c th ly h s d phng khi: Q < 100 m 3 / h th k = 1,2 1,3 Q > 100 m 3 / h th k = 1,1 1,15
t - hiu sut b truyn. Vi b truyn ai (cu roa) th t < 1. Cn khi ng c

ni trc tip vi bm th t 1 d. Hiu sut bm ( b ) l t s gia cng sut hu ch N i v cng sut tai trc bm N.
b =
Ni N

( 1.4 )

Hiu sut bm gm 3 phn:

b = Q * H * m

( 1.5 )

Trong : Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn c Thng Lp: T 47 - H2 6

 n mn hc Trang b in + Hiu sut lu lng (hay hiu sut th tch) do tn tht lu lng v r r. + Hiu sut thu lc (hay hiu sut ct p) do tn tht ct p v ma st trong ni b bm + Hiu sut c kh do tn tht v ma st gia cc b phn c kh ( bi, gi trc) v b mt ngoi ca gung ng (bnh xe cng tc) vi cht lng (bm ly tm). 1.1.4. Mt s loi bm: a. Bm ly tm Bm ly tm l loi bm cnh dn, lm vic theo nguyn l ca my thu lc cnh dn. C cu truyn nng lng chnh l h thng bnh cnh cng tc Trc khi bm lm vic cn phi lm cho cnh cng tc tip xc vi cht lng. Khi bnh cnh cng tc quay vi mt vn tc no th cht lng tip xc vi bnh cnh cng quay theo, nh vy bnh cnh truyn nng lng cho cht lng. Do chuyn ng quay ca bnh cnh m cc ht cht lng chuyn ng c xu hng vng ra xa khi tm. b vo ch trng m ht cht lng va vng ra th hng lot cc ht cht lng khc chuyn ng ti v qu trnh trao i nng lng li din ra nh cc ht trc n. Qu trnh trao i nng lng din ra lin tc to thnh ng dng lin tc chuyn ng qua bm. Tc chuyn ng ca ht cht lng khi ra khi bnh cnh cng tc ln s lm tng tn tht ca ng dng, bi vy cn phi gim tc ny bng cch bin mt phn ng nng ca ht cht lng chuyn ng thnh p nng. gii quyt iu ny, cht lng sau khi ra khi bnh cnh cng tc s c dn vo bung c tit din ln dn dng xon c nn gi l bu gp xon c .Do s quay u ca bnh cnh cng tc nn trong ng ng cht lng chuyn ng lin tc. * Phn loi bm + Theo lu lng ca bm: - Bm c lu lng thp : Q < 20m3/h - Bm c lu lng trung bnh : Q < 60m3/h Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn c Thng Lp: T 47 - H2 7

 n mn hc Trang b in - Bm c lu lng cao: Q > 60m3/h + Phn loi theo ct p ca bm: -Bm ct p thp H < 20 mH2O -Bm ct p trung bnh H = 20 60 mH2O. -Bm ct p cao H > 60 mH2O. + Theo tr s bnh cnh v cch lp ghp ca cc chi tit: -Bm c mt bnh cnh v mt cp p lc. -Bm c nhiu cp l cc cnh ca bnh cng tc c lp ghp ni tip. -Bm c nhiu bnh cnh, bnh cnh c ni ghp song song. + Theo cch dn cht lng vo bnh cng tc: -Bm c bnh cng tc ht cht lng t mt pha c gi l bm mt ming ht. -Bm c hai ming ht. + Theo kt cu ca v: -Bm mt v l bm c mt mt phng chia v ra lm hai phn qua tm trc. -Bm v ri l bm m v cu to thnh t cc phn ring, mi phn ng vi mt bnh cng tc to thnh mt cp ca bm. + Theo cch t bnh cng tc: -Bm t thng ng. -Bm t nm ngang. + Theo loi cht lng c chuyn bng bm : -Bm bm nc. -Bm bm sn phm du ho. + Theo cch ht ca bm: - Cc bm t ht l cc bm c thit b to ra chn khng trong ng ng ht trong thi k khi ng. - Cc bm khng t ht l cc bm khng c thit b to ra chn khng trong ng ng ht trong thi k khi ng. Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn c Thng Lp: T 47 - H2 8

 n mn hc Trang b in * Cc thng s c bn ca bm ly tm - Ct p: Bm li tm khi lm vic vi h thng ng ng s c ct p xc nh, ct p ny bng ct p cn ca ng ng. Ta gi ct p l ct p lm vic ca bm li tm v c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
2 P2 P v2 v12 1 HB = + + (z2 z1 ) 2g

( 1.6 )

Trong : P1,P2 L p sut o c ti ca ht v ca y ca bm; v1, v2 L gi tr tc dng ti ca ht v ca y ca bm; z1, z2 - chnh hnh hc ca hai v tr o p sut P1 v P2; i vi bm li tm, ng vi mi vng quay nht nh th ch c mt gi tr ct p m ti bm lm vic vi hiu sut cao nht, ta gi l ct p nh mc. Gi tr ct p ny c ch dn trn ti liu k thut ca bm. - Lu lng: Lu lng l lng cht lng m bm vn chuyn c trong mt n v thi gian. Gi tr sn lng ny thng c xc nh bng cc cch o trc tip dng cht lng m bm cung cp c. Lu lng thng c k hiu l Q, th nguyn l m3/gi, m3/giy, lt/pht. - Cng sut: + Cng sut lm vic Cng sut lm vic l cng sut tiu tn trn trc ng c lai bm. V d bm c lai bng ng c in th: NLV= N/c in lai./c in lai + Cng sut thu lc: Cng sut thu lc l cng sut m cht lng thc s nhn c t ng c lai to ra ct p H, v sn lng Q, l khi lng ring ca cht lng N = QH * Cu to ca bm ly tm Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn c Thng Lp: T 47 - H2 9 ( 1.7 )

 n mn hc Trang b in Ngy nay bm li tm c nhiu loi v kt cu rt a dng song chng bao gm cc b phn chnh nh: V bm, bnh cnh, ng gp hnh xon c v thit b lm kn. Kt cu ca mt bm in hnh c th hin trn (Hnh 1.2). y l bm li tm mt cp t ng ca ht quay xung di v c khoan l cn bng trn cnh kh lc dc trc.

Hnh 1.2: Cu to bm li tm Trong : 1. Bnh cnh 2. Np v bm 3. B lm kn u trc 4. B ng c 5. ng bao trc 6. Vnh lm kn u mt cnh - V bm: V bm c th c kt cu theo kiu ghp ngang hay ghp dc. C th c ch to thnh nhiu phn v sau ghp lin kt vi nhau. Chng thng ch to bng gang c, ng c hoc hp kim. Cht liu ch to v kiu cch tu vo iu kin cng tc ca bm. Thn v bm c th c chia thnh nhiu khoang ring bit vi nhau vi nhiu mc ch. N cng cn c ngha trong vic to khung b tr cc trc, b lm kn, nh hng bnh cnh v cc chi tit khc Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn c Thng Lp: T 47 - H2 10

 n mn hc Trang b in Khi tho lp, sa cha hoc bo dng nn ch cc cht nh v, dy cc giong v th t lp ghp m bo trng k thut ca bm. Li dn cht lng vo bnh cnh to thnh ca ht. Phn gp cht lng ra theo phng tip tuyn ngoi ca bnh cnh cng tc c hnh xon c. Bu gp ny c nhim v bin mt phn ct p ng thnh ct p tnh nhm gim tn tht nng lng di dng ng nng. - Bnh cnh cng tc: Bnh cnh cng tc ca bm li tm hnh trn gm nhiu cnh cong hay thng (S lng t 5 - 9 cnh) gn trn mm trn xoay v c quay nh gn cht trn trc quay ca bm.Bnh cnh c ch to t cc loi vt liu khc nhau song trong lnh vc tu thu thng c ch to t ng c hoc ghp. Bnh cnh bm li tm c 3 loi chnh l kn hai pha, h mt pha (pha cn li kn) v hai pha u h ra tu thuc vo ch cng tc v u tin chc nng chnh ca bm cn ct p hay cn lu lng m kt cu c dng cnh cong t hay cong nhiu. Cnh cong nhiu v di (2 nh) bm ch yu to ra ct p ln. Ngc li cnh cong t v ngn (2 ln) th bm ch yu to ra sn lng cao - Thit b lm kn: Trong bm li tm thit b lm kn c nhim v ngn cch gia cc khoang cng tc vi nhau, khng cho r r cht lng qua li m bo chc nng ca bm. ng thi c nhim v cch bit trong bm vi bn ngoi mi trng, hn ch s r lt ca cht lng cng tc ra ngoi mi trng, hoc ngn chn khng kh bn ngoi lt vo bm.(Hnh 1.3) th hin cc v tr cn lm kn trong bm. l cc v tr lp cc b lm kn (V tr A, B, C). Chng c tc dng lm cch bit cc vng cng tc c p sut cao v vng p sut thp, trnh s qua li ca cht lng. Tuy nhin trong thc t s qua li ca cht lng vn tn ti v v th khng trnh khi tn tht lu lng ca bm.

Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn c Thng Lp: T 47 - H2

11

 n mn hc Trang b in

Hnh 1.3: V tr v mt s dng lm kn trong bm li tm b. Bm pittng Bm pittng l loi bm th tch vi nguyn l lm vic n gin (hnh 1. 4). Khi ng c quay quanh trc O, ko theo h thng bin - maniven 3,4 v chuyn ng quay bin thnh chuyn ng tnh tin qua li ca pittng 2 trong xilanh 1 vi hnh trnh S = 2R (R l chiu di maniven). Hai v tr gii hn hnh trnh ca pittng A1 v A2 tng ng vi 2 im cht C1 v C2 . Khi pittng dch sang tri th th tch bung lm vic 5 tng ln, p sut tuyt i cht lng trong xilanh gim nh hn p sut trn b mt thong b ht. Lc van y 7 ng li, van ht 6 b y m ra v cht lng qua ng ht vo xilanh. l giai on ht. Khi pittng dch sang phi th th tch bung lm vic gim i p sut cht lng trong xilanh tng cao. Lc ny van ht 6 b ng li, van y 7 b y m ra v cht lng t xilanh dn vo ng y. l giai on y. Qua cch lm vic ca bm pittng, ta thy : - ng ht lun ngn cch bi ng y - Chuyn ng ca cht lng khng u, lu lng b dao ng v hu nh khng ph thuc vo p sut bm. - p sut bm (ct p H) c th rt cao (tng ng vi bn bm v cng sut ng c ko bm).

Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn c Thng Lp: T 47 - H2

12

 n mn hc Trang b in

Hnh 1.4: Cu to ca bm pittong Vi cng lu lng nh nhau th bm pittng cng knh v kh ch to (kn, kht) hn so vi bm li tm. Do vy, vng p sut thp v trung bnh ngi ta t dng bm pittng, nhng vng p sut cao v rt cao (trn 200 at) th hin ti bm pittng chim u th tuyt i ( nh trong h truyn ng bng du, trong vi phun nhin liu ng c izen, trong h thu lc iu khin trn my bay). 1.1.5. c tinh cua bm Do bm c lai bi ng c in nn y ta xet c tinh cua bm nh mt i tng ma ng c in phai truyn ng. Qua o thy nhng ap ng cn phai co khi ng c keo bm. Bm co rt nhiu loai sau y em chi khao sat loai in hinh ph bin va c s dung trong tai nay. Do din tch mt ct bung trn c tng dn nn lu tc cht lng gim dn v mt phn ng nng ca cht lng bin thnh p nng, dn cht lng vo ng y. L thuyt v thc nghim cho thy: khi tc quay n ca ng c gi nguyn th ct p H, cng sut N v hiu sut l hm s ca lu lng Q. Quan h H=H(Q); N=N(Q); = (Q) gi l cc c tnh ring ca bm. ng cong H=H(Q) hoc Q=Q(H) cho bit kh nng lm vic ca bm nn cn gi l c tnh lm vic ca bm. Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn c Thng Lp: T 47 - H2 13

 n mn hc Trang b in

Hnh 1.5: Cc c tnh cng tc ca bm li tm Nhn xt c tnh N(Q) ta thy: Cng sut N c tr s cc tiu khi lu lng bng 0. Lc ny ng c truyn ng m my d dng. Do vy, ng tc hp l khi m my l khi kha van 7 trn ng y cho Q = 0. Sau mt hay hai pht th m van ngay trnh bm v cht lng b qu nng do cng sut ng c chuyn hon ton thnh nhit nng. Hn na, lc m my, dng ng c li ln nn Q 0 s lm dng khi ng qu ln c th gy nguy him cho ng c in. 1.1.6. Yu cu v trang b in cho trm bm Nh nu, bm c rt nhiu kiu loi, a dng v gii cng sut cng rt rng. Truyn ng cho bm ph bin l tryun ng in. Tu theo tc bm, ni gia ng c v bm c th l trc tip (ng trc) hoc gin tip qua hp tc, ai truyn ly hp thay i tc , h thng bin maniven, trc khuu Do vy, khi chn cng sut ng c, cn lu ti hiu sut ca cc khu truyn lc trung gian. Cc bm hu nh khng i hi thay i tc nn ph bin ko bm l dng ng c khng ng b xoay chiu 3 pha rotor lng sc, m my trc tip (nu cng sut nh) hay gin tip qua in tr, cun khng mch stator (nu cng sut trung bnh). Vi bm c cng sut trung bnh v ln, cng thng dng ng c khng ng b xoay chiu 3 pha rotor dy qun, m my bng in tr hn ch mch rotor gim dng m my hoc kt hp thm vi cc phn t hn ch mch stator. Trng hp cng sut ln v rt ln, dng ng c khng ng b ci thin cos Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn c Thng Lp: T 47 - H2 14

 n mn hc Trang b in Vi nhng bm chuyn dng, c th dng ng c mt chiu kch t song song hoc ni tip, nht l khi c yu cu thay i tc bm. Chn ng c ko bm pittng, phi theo loi bm c th v lu s bin thin ca lu lng, ct p ca bm, do mmen ng c cn p ng. Trng hp truyn ng bm li tm, do bm khng t ng mi nc c, mch iu khin cn phi m bo mi nc trc khi chy bm (qua bm mi, cc van) v tun th cc th t thao tc chy bm. V bm hot ng mi trng m t (nc, cht lng khc) hoc mi trng c hi (axit, kim) hoc mI trng d n, chy (du, axit) hoc mi trng bn (bn) nn cc trang b in cng phi p ng c cc iu kin . Mt s ch v thit k trang b in cho tm nhiu my bm: - Trc ht ta cn ch loi tm bm, nu l bm nc thng trm bm cho h thng bnh kn hoc tm bm cho h thng bnh h. D l lai ny hay loi kia th vic vn ti cht lng i xa vi lu lng cn thit dng cht lng cng phi d tr mt p nng no . - Trong cc loi h thng dng bm chuyn vt liu ho cht, vt liu cng ngh, trm thng c thit k nhiu bm. Trong trm nhiu bm th vn t ng ho trm nhm v cc vn cn gii quyt sau: (i). Duy tr mc cht lng cn thit trong bnh cha; (ii). La chn s lng bm hot ng cn thit; (iii). Th t t ng khi ng cc bm trong trm; (iiii) Th t dng t ng cc bm trong trm bm. - Thit k bo v ng c truyn ng, bo v bm v s lm vic bn vng ca h thng. - H thng m bo bo ng, tn hiu ho, t ng dng v t ng khi ng khi c yu cu. - Nhng h thng bm c bit nh bm du, ho cht nht thit phi c nhiu v tr dng khi c s c, ho hon Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn c Thng Lp: T 47 - H2 15

 n mn hc Trang b in 1.2. H thng bm cht lng ln bnh h Ta c yu cu cng ngh ca h thng nh sau: H thng gm c 3 bm (c lai bi 3 ng c in khng ng b roto lng sc). Trong bm s 1 v bm s 2 l 2 bm hot ng chnh vi tn sut ln, cn bm s 3 l bm d phng c tn sut hot ng thp. Bm s 3 ny s c b sung chy thay th cho bm chnh mi khi bm chnh gp mt s c no (v d s c qu ti ca ng c in).

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 n mn hc Trang b in CHNG 2. THIT K IU KHIN, H TRUYN NG IN CHO TRM C NHIU BM 2.1. Xy dng mch iu khin Hin nay do yu cu kch thc gn nh, tin cy cao nn t ng ha l xu hng pht trin chung trong thc t ch to v vn hnh cc h thng. Trong cc h thng bm cht lng bnh h, t ng ha nhm t c cc mc ch v yu cu sau y: - Gim bt hoc gim hn s phc v ca con ngi i vi s hot ng ca h thng. - Nng cao tnh kinh t, tnh an ton, tin cy v tui th ca h thng. - Nng cao hiu sut cng vic. Da trn cc tiu ch trn ta s tin hnh xy dng mt trm bm cht lng bnh kn gm c 3 bm li tm vi yu cu duy tr mc nc cung cp cho cc h tiu th khi nhu cu s dng ca cc h lun c s thay i. Trc khi i vo xy dng mch iu khin, mch ng lc cho h thng ta s lm r thut ton iu khin m h thng cn thc hin nh sau: Ti thi im ban u khi n nt Start, h thng s bt u hot ng. Trng thi ca cc cm bin mc s c c v v x l theo thut ton sau: - Mc nc trong bnh di v tr a: Bt ng thi c 3 bm s 1, s 2, s 3 hot ng. - Mc nc trong bnh trong khong t v tr a n v tr b: Bt chy bm s 1 v bm s 2. - Mc nc trong bnh trong khong t v tr b n v tr c: Bt chy bm s 1. - Mc nc trong bnh trn v tr c: Tt ht cc bm. Vi s hot ng ca h thng nh phn tch trn, ta s chn thit b iu khin hot ng ca ton b h thng l PLC S7-300 ca Siemens vi mt s l do sau y:

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 n mn hc Trang b in Cc thit b iu khin PLC to thm sc mnh, tc v tnh linh hot cho cc h thng cng nghip. Bng s thay th cc phn t c in bng PLC, qu trnh iu khin tr nn nhanh hn, r hn, v quan trng nht l hiu qu hn. PLC l s la chn tt hn cc h thng rle hay my tnh tiu chun. - Tn t khng gian: Mt PLC cn t khng gian hn mt my tnh tiu chun hay t iu khin rle thc hin cng mt chc nng. - Tit kim nng lng: PLC tiu th nng lng mc rt thp, t hn c cc my tnh thng thng. - Gi thnh thp: Mt PLC gi tng ng c 5 n 10 rle, nhng n c kh nng thay th hng trm rle. - Kh nng thch ng vi mi trng cng nghip: Cc v ca PLC c lm t cc vt liu cng, c kh nng chng chu c bi bn, du m, m, rung ng v nhiu. Cc my tnh tiu chun khng c kh nng ny. - Giao din trc tip: Cc my tnh tiu chun cn c mt h thng phc tp c th giao tip vi mi trng cng nghip. Trong khi cc PLC c th giao tip trc tip nh cc m un vo ra I/O c ch to sn theo chun cng nghip. - Lp trnh d dng: Phn ln cc PLC s dng ngn ng lp trnh l s hnh thang, tng t nh s u ni ca cc h thng iu khin rle thng thng. - Tnh linh hot cao: Chng trnh iu khin ca PLC c th thay i nhanh chng v d dng bng cch np li chng trnh iu khin mi vo PLC bng b lp trnh, bng th nh, hoc bng truyn ti qua mng. Cng vi nhng u th v phn cng, di y cng l cc u th v phn mm: - PLC c nhiu cng c lp trnh da trn tiu chun IEC 1131-3. - S dng ngn ng lp trnh bc cao to ra kh nng vit nhng chng trnh ln v phc tp khi giao tip vi cc thit b ngoi vi hay truy cp d liu chng trnh. Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn c Thng Lp: T 47 - H2 18

 n mn hc Trang b in - Cu trc cc khi chc nng c s dng cho cc b lp trnh Ladder lm tng kh nng lp trnh bng nhng lnh n gin. - Cho php xc nh cc li ca b iu khin cng nh cc li ca thit b trong qu trnh sn xut. - Cung cp cc php ton vi s thc du phy ng to ra kh nng tnh ton cc bi ton phc tp. 2.1.1. Phn cng cng u vo ca PLC u vo Nt n Start Nt n Stop Nt Reset Cm bin mc A Cm bin mc B Cm bin mc C Cm bin mc D t ngun nc Tip im thng ng ca R le nhit R 1 Tip im thng ng ca R le nhit R 2 Tip im thng ng ca R le nhit R 3 2.1.2. Phn cng cng u ra ca PLC u ra Cng tc t cp ngun cho ng c lai bm 1 Cng tc t cp ngun cho ng c lai bm 2 Cng tc t cp ngun cho ng c lai bm 3 n bo ng c 1 b qu ti n bo ng c 1 b qu ti n bo ng c 1 b qu ti n bo cm bin hng n bo h thng ang lm vic Bin trung gian c bt ln bng 1 khi n Start Bin trung gian bo nc di mc a hoc trn mc c cc bm ch chy Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn c Thng Lp: T 47 - H2 19 a ch Q0.0 Q0.1 Q0.2 Q0.3 Q0.4 Q0.5 Q0.6 Q0.7 M0.0 M0.1 I0.0 I0.1 I0.2 I0.3 I0.4 I0.5 I0.6 I0.7 I1.0 I1.1 a ch

 n mn hc Trang b in khi mc nc di a Tng quan v PLC- S7300 PLC- S7-300 cu trc dng module gm cc thnh phn sau: - CPU cc loi khc nhau: 312FM, 312C, 313C, 314, 314FM, 314C, 315-2DP, 316-2DP, 318 - Module tn hiu SM xut nhp tn hiu tng ng / s: SM321, SM374 - Module chc nng FM - Module truyn thng CP - Module ngun PS307 cp ngun 24VDC cho cc module khc, dng 2A, 5A, 10A Cc module c gn trn thanh ray, ti a 8 module SM/FM/CP bn phi CPU to thnh mt rack. Mi module c gn mt s slot tnh t tri sang phi: module ngun l slot 1, module CPU l slot 2, module k mang s 4. Cc module c nh s theo slot v dng lm c s t a ch u cho cc module ng vo ra tn hiu. i vi CPU 315-2DP, 316- 2DP c th gn a ch ty cho cc module Cu hnh cng ca trm PLC c khai bo bng phn mm Step7 nh sau: - Module ngun: PS 307 5A - Module CPU 316 -2DP - Module tn hiu vo DI32xDC24V do c tng cng 10 tn hiu vo v cc tn hiu vo l tn hiu s. - Module u ra DO32xDC24V/0.5A do c tng cng 8 tn hiuh u ra v cc tn hiu ra l tn hiu s

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 n mn hc Trang b in

Hnh 2.1: Cu hnh cng ca trm PLC S7 - 300

2.1.3. S mch iu khin

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 n mn hc Trang b in

Hnh 2.2: S mch iu khin s dng PLC S7-300

2.2. Xy dng mch ng lc Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn c Thng Lp: T 47 - H2 22

 n mn hc Trang b in

Hnh 2.3: S mch ng lc ca h thng

CHNG 3. VIT CHNG TRNH IU KHIN Sinh vin thc hin: Nguyn c Thng Lp: T 47 - H2

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 n mn hc Trang b in 3.1. Vit chng trnh iu khin cho PLC Sau khi xy dng s mch iu khin v mch ng lc cho h ta tin hnh vit chng trnh iu khin trn PLC S7-300 . Trc khi tin hnh vit chng trnh, ta s xy dng lu thut ton iu khin. 3.1.1. Lu thut ton

Hnh 3.1: Lu thut ton khi chng trnh chnh

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 n mn hc Trang b in

Hnh 3.2: Lu thut ton khi xy ra s c 3.1.2. Vit chng trnh iu khin

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 n mn hc Trang b in * Cc bin c nh ngha trong chng trnh

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 n mn hc Trang b in Chng trnh vit trn phn mm Step 7

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 n mn hc Trang b in

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 n mn hc Trang b in

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 n mn hc Trang b in

Sau khi vit xong chng trnh iu khin ta tin hnh download ti PLC ( y chnh l ti phn mm S7-PLCSIM c th m phng). 3.2. M phng Ta s dng phn mm S7-PLCSIM m phng cho chng trinh vit bi phn mm Step 7.

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 n mn hc Trang b in a) Khi n Start

Hnh 3.3. Trng thi hot ng khi n Start n nt Start( I0.0=1) h thng s i vo hot ng, ng thi cm bin d t ngun nc bo nc th bin trung gian M0.0 =1 v n bo h thng hot ng Q0.7=1. ng thi mc nc di mc a do c 3 bm u hot ng : Q0.1 = 1; Q0.2 = 1; Q0.3 = 1 b) Khi mc nc tng dn

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 n mn hc Trang b in Khi mc nc tng n mc a ( I0.3 = 1 ) th ch cn bm 1 v bm 2 hot ng Q0.0 = 1; Q0.1 = 1

Khi mc nc tng ln n mc b ( I0.4 = 1 ) th ch cn bm 1 hot ng Q0.0 = 1

Khi mc nc tng ln n mc c ( I0.5 = 1 ) th ch c 3 bm u ngng hot ng

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 n mn hc Trang b in c) Khi xy ra s c ng c lai my bm b qu ti

Nu khi mc nc ang trong khong mc a v mc b ( I0.3=1 v I0.4=0) m bm s 2 b s c ( I1.0=1 ) th bm s 3 s c bt ln chy thay th bm s 2, ng thi n bo bm s 2 b s c s c bt ( Q0.4=1)

Nu khi mc nc ang trong khong mc a v mc b ( I0.3=1 v I0.4=0) m bm s 1 b s c ( I0.7=1 ) th bm s 3 s c bt ln chy thay th bm s 1, ng thi n bo bm s 1 b s c s c bt ( Q0.3=1)

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 n mn hc Trang b in d) Khi n Stop

Khi n Stop bin trung gian M0.0=0 v Q0.7=0 do h thng ngng hot ng

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 n mn hc Trang b in KT LUN Trang b in in t l mn hc rt quan trng trong chng trnh o to sinh vin ngnh t ng ho bi l n c ng dng rt ln lao trong cc nh my, c s sn xut. Nm vng nhng kin thc v mn hc ny cho php ta phn tch, thit k cc h thng truyn ng m bo yu cu v cht lng ti u nht v c li v kinh t. Qua mt thi gian n lc lm bi cho n nay em hon thnh n vi s gip nhit tnh ca cc thy gio trong b mn c bit l thy gio Ts. Hong Xun Bnh. Trong qu trnh thc hin chc chn bn thn em khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st, em rt mong nhn c nhng kin ng gp ca cc thy v cc bn bn n ny hon thin hn . Em xin chn thnh cm n ! Hi Phng, ngy 25 thng 5 nm 2010 Sinh vin Nguyn c Thng

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 n mn hc Trang b in TI LIU THAM KHO [1]. Ts. Hong Xun Bnh, Bi ging Trang b in in t my cng nghip dng chung. [2]. Ths. ng Hng Hi, Ks. on Vn Tun, K thut kh nn. [3] Nguyn Don Phc, Phan Xun Minh, V Vn H, NXB Khoa hc v k thut, T ng ha vi Simantic S7-300 .

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