Ti liu ny rt qu, l cng sc ca rt nhiu sinh vin mi tng hp c by nhiu y cu hi!

Cc bn rng copy v nghin cu, bo m s rt c ch cho bn trong ngy bo v n tt nghp! Chc cc bn vui. 1.Xc nh gi ni v gi ngoi khc nhau nh th no ? Gi ni : L gi sinh ra trong lng cng trnh do s chnh lch p lc nhit v p lc kh ng bc ln mi. Gi ngoi : L gi t bn ngoi tc ng trc tip ln b mt ngoi kt cu moment cho khung lm un ct. 2.Khi tnh ti gi c cn tnh gi ng khng ? (c hai thnh phn gi tnh v gi ng) Tnh gi ng khi tnh cc cng trnh tr, thp, ng khi, ct in, thit b dng ct, hnh lang bng ti, cc gin gi l thin, cc nhf nhiu tng trn 40m, cc khung nh cng nghip mt tng mt nhp c cao trn 36m t s cao trn nhp ln hn 1,5 (iu 6.11 tiu chun VN 2737 1995) 3.Phng php kim tra thng ng ca nh khi thi cng ? C ba phng php kim tra Kim tra bng my kinh v, my dc quang hc : My kinh v : Sai s cho php l : 0.8 (mm/m) trong phm vi = 50 grad My dc quang hc : Sai s cho php l : 0.5 (mm/m) trong phm vi < 100m Thc o nghing : Sai s cho php l : 3(mm) < 2 (m) Qu di : Sai s cho php l : 3 (mm), cao t 2-6 (m) 4.u, khuyt im ca sn gch bng & sn panen ? u im : -Tho mn mt phn yu cu cng nghip ho sn xut & c gii ho thi cng, ch to, sn xut. -Nng cao c hiu sut lao ng, tng tc thi cng. -Tit kim c vn khun, nng cao cht lng cu kin, ci thin c iu kin lao ng ca cng nhn. -i vi sn gch bng c th m bo c cng ln v lin kt tt cho sn. Khuyt im : - cng khng bng sn ton khi, cho nn i vi sn panen cn c bin php gia c, nht l v tr gip ni. -i vi sn gch bng vn cn qu trnh thi cng t nn vn b hn ch v thi tit. 5.Hy nu cch chng nt vng ? Dng ho cht si ka dn kn khe nt, xy tay vng, p ra li nu khng x l c v khng cn kh nng lm vic. 6.Khi no dng sn panen, khi no dng sn ton khi ? Sn panen c dng cho mt bng c kch thc chun, c iu kin thi cng c gii thng dng trong cc nh cng nghip. Sn ton khi c dng cho cc loi nh c mt bng khng theo mt quy tc nht nh, nh hoc nh c yu cu c bit dng cho nh dn dng. 7.Trong nh lm vic 1 phng v 2 phng, kch thc ct lm vic th no cho hp l ? Chn kch thc ch nht, hnh vung, kch thc cnh ln theo phng c moment ln nht, hoc an ton ta c th chn ct vung kch thc ly theo moment ln

nht. 8.Ti sao khi tnh ton phi tnh gi theo phng vung gc vi trc nh ? Khi tnh vung gc vi trc nh ti gi s ln nht, nu tnh nghing 1 gc th ti gi q phi nhn thm cho cos ( m cos < 1) p lc gi s nh i so vi gi tr ln nht. 9.Khi tnh ton nh cao tng trn nn t yu trnh dao ng bng cch no ? Ch yu l do ti trng ngang gy ra, v a cht cc l khoan phi dy c hn, d liu a cht ca tng h khoan phi y v chi tit hn. V vt liu nn s dng b tng mc cao, ct thp c cng cao. V kt cu : s dng cc kt cu chu lc nh khung vch cng, khung hp, li cng nhm gim bt dao ng ca cng trnh. 10.Khung thp cc nhi t n u th : (2/3; 1/5) ? Nu xt n kh nng chu un ca cc th khung thp ca cc ch cn t trong 2/3 chiu di trn mi cc v moment un gim dn, n 2/3 thn cc th moment ny tt dn. Nh vy vi kt cu ny khung thp ch t 2/3 thn cc trn th . Tuy nhin nu tnh n kh nng chu lc ca b tng trong cc th phn mi cc rt km ly do : -V b tng khng m c -B tng trn ln nhiu cn lng -Cn nhiu dung dch pentonie ng li trong cc. V nhng l do trn m ta a khung thp n tn mi cc ly cng ct thp b sung cho cng b tng v mi cc. 11.Hy nu quan nim cu to dm mng ? Quan nim tnh ton nh dm t trn nn n hi, ch yu l chu un cho nn dm c cu to nh cu kin chu un. Thng l tit din ch nht, ch T hoc ch T ngc. Nu dm ch T th ct dc c t 70% cho sn & 30% cho cnh ch T Thng b tr gn nm trn do : -iu kin thi cng -iu kin chu lc 12.Hy nu u khuyt im ca sn nm ? u im : Ch yu li dng c th tch gian phng tt hn, chiu cao cu to ca sn b, gim c chiu cao ca nh nhiu tng v vt liu lm tng kinh t hn Khuyt im : Tnh ton tng i phc tp. 13.Ti sao phi khng ch (min, max) ca dm & ct ? V nu t thp d ( tt > max) b tng ph hoi trc Ph hoi gin. V nu t thp d ( tt min), b tng & ct thp cng b ph hoi ph hoi do. 14.Tng chn chen kn trong khung c phi l vch cng khng ? Ti sao ? Tng chn chen kn trong khung khng phi l vch cng. V vch cng chu c cc ti trng ngang (do gi hoc cc chn ng), cn tng chn chen trong khung l bao che, khi tnh ton ta khng cn k n, n khng chu lc gi cng nh chn ng. Theo tiu chun ca mt s nc th nhng cu kin chu ti c xem l vch cng nu tho mn iu kin l v l 5t Trong : ht : Chiu cao ca tm ang xt t : Chiu dy ca tm ang xt l : Chiu di ca tm ang xt

 Vch cng ch chu ti trng ngang tc ng song song vi mt phng ca n. Nu tho mn c hai iu kin trn th vch c xem l vch cng. 15. cng ca sn c nh hng n s lm vic ca khung khng ? C nh hng ln n khung, v sn ngoi chc nng chu ti trng thng ng cn chc nng chu ti trng gi vo dm khung, lm gim moment, chuyn v ngang ca ct khung di tc dng ca ti trng gi, phn b li ti trng gia kt cu chu lc thng ng. 16.Hy nu cch chn ct bin so vi ct trong ? L dn ti tnh ton li, sau tng tit din ln 5% (Trong khi tit din ct gia tng 10%) v t cnh ln theo phng chu moment. Xc nh s b kch thc tit din F = i vi ct bin khi chn kch thc tit din cn ch n mnh ca ct. 17.Hy nu s khc nhau gia vch cng chu lc v vch cng cu to ? Nhn xt g v vic s dng vch cng ? Vch cng chu lc l vch cng tham gia chu lc nhng khng thay i c v tr vch cng khng m rng c hoc thay i din tch phng. Vch cng cu to c th thay i c v tr m khng nh hng n s chu lc chung ca h thay i c din tch phng. Khi s dng vch cng th chu ti trng ngang tt (gi). 18.S n c nh hng th no n ni lc ca khung ? Gii quyt console nh th no khi gii khung bng my ? S n lm cho moment trong khung tng ln (moment m ngay gi & moment ct) Khi gii khung bng my console trong khung ta quy v moment t ti nt khung ca console hoc c th xem console l mt phn t gii hn gia hai nt. (Cch khc) S n ch nh hng n kt cu mang s n. Khi tnh bng my b qua ti s n truyn vo kt cu, sau khi gii ni lc bng my xong, tch kt cu mang s n ra gii ring nh mt cu kin chu un xon vi ti trng l moment phn b do s n gy ra. 19.Hy nu cch tnh cu thang xon (c ct gia) ? Bc thang tnh theo console (Bc c ring); Ct tnh theo cu kin chu nn un. 20.Cch thi cng sn gch bng ? Khi no nn lm sn nm ? B , y sn, Its gch bng, b st ph sau b tng. Khi cn khng gian th tch phng ln hn nh cng trnh cng cng. 11.Hy nu quan nim cu to dm mng ? Quan nim tnh ton nh dm t trn nn n hi, ch yu l chu un cho nn dm c cu to nh cu kin chu un. Thng l tit din ch nht, ch T hoc ch T ngc. Nu dm ch T th ct dc c t 70% cho sn & 30% cho cnh ch T Thng b tr gn nm trn do : -iu kin thi cng -iu kin chu lc 12.Hy nu u khuyt im ca sn nm ? u im : Ch yu li dng c th tch gian phng tt hn, chiu cao cu to ca sn b, gim c chiu cao ca nh nhiu tng v vt liu lm tng kinh t hn

Khuyt im : Tnh ton tng i phc tp. 13.Ti sao phi khng ch (min, max) ca dm & ct ? V nu t thp d ( tt > max) b tng ph hoi trc Ph hoi gin. V nu t thp d ( tt min), b tng & ct thp cng b ph hoi ph hoi do. 14.Tng chn chen kn trong khung c phi l vch cng khng ? Ti sao ? Tng chn chen kn trong khung khng phi l vch cng. V vch cng chu c cc ti trng ngang (do gi hoc cc chn ng), cn tng chn chen trong khung l bao che, khi tnh ton ta khng cn k n, n khng chu lc gi cng nh chn ng. Theo tiu chun ca mt s nc th nhng cu kin chu ti c xem l vch cng nu tho mn iu kin l v l 5t Trong : ht : Chiu cao ca tm ang xt t : Chiu dy ca tm ang xt l : Chiu di ca tm ang xt Vch cng ch chu ti trng ngang tc ng song song vi mt phng ca n. Nu tho mn c hai iu kin trn th vch c xem l vch cng. 15. cng ca sn c nh hng n s lm vic ca khung khng ? C nh hng ln n khung, v sn ngoi chc nng chu ti trng thng ng cn chc nng chu ti trng gi vo dm khung, lm gim moment, chuyn v ngang ca ct khung di tc dng ca ti trng gi, phn b li ti trng gia kt cu chu lc thng ng. 16.Hy nu cch chn ct bin so vi ct trong ? L dn ti tnh ton li, sau tng tit din ln 5% (Trong khi tit din ct gia tng 10%) v t cnh ln theo phng chu moment. Xc nh s b kch thc tit din F = i vi ct bin khi chn kch thc tit din cn ch n mnh ca ct. 17.Hy nu s khc nhau gia vch cng chu lc v vch cng cu to ? Nhn xt g v vic s dng vch cng ? Vch cng chu lc l vch cng tham gia chu lc nhng khng thay i c v tr vch cng khng m rng c hoc thay i din tch phng. Vch cng cu to c th thay i c v tr m khng nh hng n s chu lc chung ca h thay i c din tch phng. Khi s dng vch cng th chu ti trng ngang tt (gi). 18.S n c nh hng th no n ni lc ca khung ? Gii quyt console nh th no khi gii khung bng my ? S n lm cho moment trong khung tng ln (moment m ngay gi & moment ct) Khi gii khung bng my console trong khung ta quy v moment t ti nt khung ca console hoc c th xem console l mt phn t gii hn gia hai nt. (Cch khc) S n ch nh hng n kt cu mang s n. Khi tnh bng my b qua ti s n truyn vo kt cu, sau khi gii ni lc bng my xong, tch kt cu mang s n ra gii ring nh mt cu kin chu un xon vi ti trng l moment phn b do s n gy ra. 19.Hy nu cch tnh cu thang xon (c ct gia) ? Bc thang tnh theo console (Bc c ring); Ct tnh theo cu kin chu nn un.

20.Cch thi cng sn gch bng ? Khi no nn lm sn nm ? B , y sn, Its gch bng, b st ph sau b tng. Khi cn khng gian th tch phng ln hn nh cng trnh cng cng. 31.Lm sao nhn bit c tit din c kh nng chu lc hay khng ? Khi gii bng my ? (Phn mm Steel) Khi tnh ton bng my ra thp nu c : -Du (*) t thp theo cu to -Du (!) Lng thp qu ln ( > 3%) -Du (!!) Phn t khng n nh Ta phi chn li tit din. 32.Ti sao ch giao nhau gia dm dc v dm ngang khng gia cng thp ? Ti sao phi t ai dy ? V ch giao nhau gia dm dc & dm ngang chu lc cc b ln do dm ph truyn vo dm chnh. trnh s ph hoi ca b tng t gc di y dm ph tr xung theo tit din nghing, ta thng s dng ct treo hoc c th t ct ai dy 2 bn dm ph. Nu ct ai c kh nng chu lc ct do ti trng dm ph truyn vo th ta khng cn t ct treo. t ai dy v trnh ph hoi theo tit din nghing (Hay cn gi l chng ct). ai gia cng t gi n lc tp trung u tin t trong khong 33.Hy nu phng php tnh cu thang ? Khi tnh cu thang tnh theo dm n gin (Hai u khp). Quan nim tnh theo s n hi (Phng php tnh cu thang theo kt cu h tnh nh). Ni lc ln. H siu tnh tnh theo s do B tr ni lc s khc. 34.Nu cc loi khe bin dng trong cng trnh & s lm vic ca n ? C hai loi khe l khe nhit & khe ln. Khe nhit : S chnh lch nhit ca cc kt cu cng cao th ni lc pht sinh cng ln. trnh s pht sinh ni lc do nhit gy nn ta phi lm khe nhit . Khe nhit tch ri cng trnh t mi n g mng, b rng khe t 2-3 cm; khong cch gia cc khe > 35m. Khe ln : -Cng trnh qu di, ti trng cng trnh phn b tng i khc nhau, chnh lch v chiu cao > 10m. -Gii php mng trong mt cng trnh buc phi chn khc nhau v tnh cht ca t nn thay i qu nhiu hoc t nn chu ti khng u. -V tr tip gip gia nh c v nh mi Khe cu to. Tch ring cng trnh t mng n mi thnh cc phn ring bit; B rng khe ln t 2-3 cm, khe ln thng nm ch tip gip ca hai ngi nh c s tng khc nhau, nhng ch c s thay i r rt v a tng. 35.Khi no dng lin kt cng ? khi no dng lin kt khp ? Dng lin kt cng khi kt cu l mt h siu tnh. Dng lin kt khp khi kt cu l mt h tnh nh. 36.Ti sao dng cc nhi m khng dng cc p ? V cc nhi s dng c tt cho cng trnh chu ti trng ln ng thi s dng tt cho cng trnh c nn t yu. 37.Dng mng cc gii quyt vn g ch yu ? Hn ch c bin dng ln c tr s ln, bin dng khng ng u ca t nn, m bo n nh khi c ti trng ngang tc dng, rt ngn thi gian thi cng, gim bt vt liu xy dng.

38.Ep cc khi no khng cn p tnh ? Khi cng trnh ngoi vi thnh ph khng nh hng n xung quanh. 39.Xc nh mng trn nn t, khc nhau nh th no ? Khi no phi thit k mng bng theo hai phng ? Xc nh mng trn nn t l da vo ti tiu chun tnh ton, theo trng thi gii hn II Bin dng ln. Xc nh mng trn nn t l da vo ti tnh ton, kim tra theo trng thi gii hn I Cng (Khng cn tnh ln) Khi ti trng ln, nn t yu th ta thit k mng bng theo hai phng. 40.Nh nhiu tng trn nn t yu trnh giao ng bng cch no ? Khi tnh ton ta chn trng hp bt li nht, h s an ton cao Khng kinh t. Cch ly cng trnh vi nhng dao ng do tc ng ngoi. Khi tnh theo s phng th ta chn phng no c dao ng ln tnh 41.Khi tnh mng hp th da vo vn g ? Khi tnh mng hp th da vo biu ni lc ca kt cu m tnh. 42.Cc nhi khc vi cc khoan nhi nh th no ? Cch xc nh sc chu ti ca mi cc ? Lm sao kim tra cht lng cc nhi v cc khoan nhi ? Cc nhi l cc BTCT c vo mt ng thp bt y t ti ch bng cch ng (p t) v thu li c sau khi b tng. Cc khoan nhi l cc c thi cng bng cch khoan ly t ra sau t lng thp v b tng chim ch t ly ra. - Cc nhi th xc nh sc chu ti theo cng ca t v vt liu - Cc khoan nhi th xc nh sc chu ti theo cng ca vt liu. kim tra ta thng s dng : -Thm d ng cht lng cc mng bng phng php ting vng m (di m) -Thm d cc v vch cc bng phng php siu m truyn qua -Thm d cc v vch cc bng phng php tia Gamma truyn qua (Phng php ni tri hn cc phng php khc) -Cn mt vi phng php khc nh phng php tr khng c hc 43.Khi chn tit din cc da trn c s no ? Ti sao ? Trnh t thit k cc ? Chn tit din cc da trn chiu su chn cc (Chiu di cc), cng sut, thit b vn chuyn v ng cc. Ngoi ra chiu di tit din, cng vt liu & ct thp dc c quan h cht ch vi nhau. Trnh t thit k cc sau khi xc nh ti trng truyn xung mng : -Chn vt liu lm cc v kt cu cc. -Chn chiu su t i cc da vo iu kin a cht. -Xc nh sc chu ti ca cc. -Xc nh s b kch thc i cc -Xc nh s lng cc (Ti trng k thm t ph trn i v i cc) -Cu to & tnh ton i cc -Kim tra lc tc dng ln cc phi < sc chu ti ca cc. -Kim tra lc tc dng ln nn t. -Kim tra ln ca mng cc. -Xc nh chi thit k ca cc. -Kim tra cc khi vn chuyn v cu lp. 44.Phng php ng cc & ng cc khoan nhi khc nhau nh th no ? ng cc l dng my p hoc ng xung nn t.

Khoan nhi l khoan ly t ln to l, sau t ct thp & b tng. 45.Th no l nn Winkler ? u v khuyt im ? Nn Winkler gi thit l ti mi im ( mt y) ca dm trn nn n hi, cng ca ti trng (R) t l bc nht vi ln (S) ca nn ( ln ny bng vng ca dm s = y) Vy R, C, Y (X) vi C l h s nn. -Nn Winkler cn gi l nn n hi bin dng cc b. -M hnh l dy v s l xo lm vic c lp vi nhau. u im :n gin, tin dng trong tnh ton, thit k gn ng vi thc t c dng nhng nn t yu, rt yu. Nhc im : -Khng phn nh c tnh phn b hay lin h c ca t nn v t c tnh ma st trong nn khi chu ti trng cc b th t c th li ko hay gy ra nh hng cc vng ln cn (ngoi phm vi t ti) cng lm vic chung. -Khi nn ng nht th ti trng phn b u lin tc trn dm, th theo m hnh ny dm s ln u v khng bin dng, nhng thc ra khi ti trng tc dng phn b u th dm vn b un (vng) gia nn nh hng xung quanh nhiu hn ln nhiu hn nhng u dm. -Khi mng tuyt i cng, ti trng t i xng th mng s ln u theo m hnh ny ng sut y mng s phn b u nhng theo o c thc t th ng sut cng phn b khng u. -H s nn C c tnh cht quy c khng r rng, C khng l mt hng s. 46.Hy nu trnh t thi cng cc nhi ? Khi no khng cn kim tra xuyn thng ? nh v tr ng, cao . Chun b my p. Tin hnh nhi b tng. Rt ng ln Khong cch gia hai cc l 3d & 6d; vi d l ng knh ln nht ca cc. Nu b tr b hn th biu p lc mt phng mi cc gia cc mi cc chng ln nhau v sc chu ti ca nhm cc s nh hn tng sc chu ti ca mi cc Neo cc vo i cc : -Chiu su cc ngm trong i 15cm -Thp neo vo i cc : 25cm 30 thp chu lc (thp gn) 40 thp chu lc (thp trn) Cc cch qu xa vi mp i khng c nh hn 0,7d v 25cm v nh th n s xy ra hin tng xuyn thng i. Khng cn kim tra m thng khi gc gia cc bin (mp ngoi cc) vi cnh ct < 45o hay ni cch khc thp chc thng ph ngoi cc bin 47.Dng cch no kim tra su cc ? Trc khi ng cc ta vch nhng mc thc sn, khi ng nhn vo kim tra. 48.Cc BTCT ng t trong ra ngoi hay t ngoi vo trong ? Khi ng th ta ng theo hnh xon c t trong ra ngoi. 49.Khi no cn tnh chi ? Khi cn kim tra kh nng chu tc dng ca ti trng cng trnh (Nu chi thc t < chi thit k th cc c kh nng chu c tc dng ca ti trng; Nu chi thc t > chi thit k th cn b sung hoc thit k li cc trong mng) Lu : chi thit k v cao trnh thit k

50.Cc di vch cng & di mng c khc nhau khng ? Mng nh th no c xem l mng tuyt i cng ? Khng khc nhau v cch lm vic ca cc nh nhau Mng c xem l tuyt i cng l khi mng khng hon ton chu un (mng cng l mng chu un rt t hay ni cch khc l rt nh) Cu 51: Khi no dng lin kt cng, khi no dng lin kt khp ? Dng lin kt cng khi kt cu l mt h siu tnh. Dng lin kt khp khi kt cu l mt h tnh nh. Cu 52: Dng mng cc gii quyt vn g l ch yu ? Hn ch c bin dng ln c tr s ln, bin dng khng ng u ca nn, m bo n nh khi c ti trng ngang tc dng, rt ngn thi gian thi cng, tit kim c vt liu trong thi cng. Cu 53: p cc khi no khng cn p tnh ? Khi cng trnh ngoi vi thnh ph khng nh hng n xung quanh. Cu 54: Xc nh mng trn nn t, khc nhau nh th no ? Khi no phi thit k mng bng theo hai phng ? Xc nh mng trn nn t da vo ti trng tiu chun tnh ton theo trng thi gii hn II bin dng ( ln). Xc nh mng trn nn l da vo ti trng tnh ton, kim tra theo trng thi gii hn cng (khng cn tnh ln). Khi ti trng ln, nn t yu th ta thit k mng bng theo hai phng. Cu 55: Nh nhiu tng trn nn t yu trnh dao ng bng cch no ? Khi tnh ton ta chon trng hp bt li nht, h s an ton cao ? khng kinh t. Cch ly cng trnh vi nhng giao ng do tc ng ngoi. Khi tnh theo s phng th ta chn phng no c dao ng ln nht tnh. Cu 56: Khi tnh mng hp da vo vn g ? Khi tnh mng hp da vo biu ni lc ca kt cu m tnh. Cu 57: Khi chon tit din cc da trn c s no ? Ti sao ? Trnh t thit k cc? Chn tit din cc da trn chiu su chn cc (chiu di cc), cng sut thit b vn chuyn v mng cc. Ngoi ra chiu di tit din, cng vt liu v ct thp dc c quan h cht ch vi nhau. *Gii thch ti sao: Trnh t thit k cc sau khi xc nh ti trng truyn xung mng. +Chn vt liu lm cc v kt cu mng +Chn chiu su t i cc da vo iu kin a cht. +Xc nh sc chu ti ca cc +Xc nh s b kch thc i cc +Xc nh s lng cc (lc ny ti trng phi k thm t ph trn i v i cc) +Cu to v tnh ton i cc +Kim tra lc tc dng ln cc phi nh hn sc chu ti ca cc +Kim tra lc tc dng ln nn t +Kim tra ln ca mng cc +Xc nh chi thit k ca cc +Kim tra cc khi vn chuyn v cu lp Cu 58: Phng php ng cc v cc khoan nhi khc nhau nh th no ? +ng cc: dng my p hoc ng xung nn t +Khoan nhi: khoan ly t ln to l, sau t ct thp v b tng. Cu 59: Dng cch no kim tra su cc ? Trc khi ng cc trn cc ta vch nhng mc thc su, khi ng nhn vo kim tra. Cu 60: Cc ng t trong ra ngoi hay t ngoi vo trong ?

Khi ng cc th ta ng cc theo hnh xon c t trong ra ngoi. Cu 61: Khi no cn tnh chi ? Khi cn kim tra kh nng chu tc dng ca ti trng cng trnh (nu chi thc t nh hn chi thit k th cc c kh nng chu c tc dng ca ti trng). Nu chi thc t ln hn chi thit k th cn b sung hoc thit k li cc trong mng. Cu 62: Lm th no bit cc chu un ? Khi ti trng ngang rt ln. Khi thi cng cc p, ni cc theo phng php hn bn thp ni vi bn thp ch sn v nh v bng cc tim ch sn. p lc p chn bng 1,3 ? 2 ln sc chu ti tnh ton ca cc l hp l. Dng ai xon nhm tng cng kh nng chu chn ng khi ng cc, i ny chu lc tt nhng thi cng kh. Cu 63: Cc di vch cng v di mng c khc nhau khng ? Khng khc nhau v cch lm vic ca cc nh nhau. Mng c xem l tuyt i cng: l khi mng hon ton khng chu un ( mng cng l mng chu un rt t hay ni cch khc l rt nh ). Cu 64: Ti sao b tr ct thp u trong cc ? Ti sao u cc phi t ct ai dy ? B tr thp u trong cc l v khi cu lp c mmen m v dng ? chu c c hai. u cc t ct ai dy nhm tng kh nng chu ti khi ng (ti trng cc b) ? trnh v u cc. Cu 65: Mng bng khi tnh ton nguyn h v chia ra thnh cc phn khc nhau th cch no l hp l v kinh t? Mng bng khi tnh nguyn h th hp l hn v kinh t hn. iu kin b u tha ca mng bng l: +Ngay ti cc khe ln +Ngay ti ct u tin ( do M = 0) +Thi cng c ct mng bng trn mt khi khng b nt. Cu 66: Mng bng v mng n c g khc nhau ? (u, khuyt im, gi thnh, n nh ). Cn c vo h s a cht ( h khoan, tnh cht c l ca t ). Cn c vo cao qui hoch ca khu v cao thit k ca cng trnh. Cu 67: Hy nu s khc nhau gia mng bng v mng kp ? Mng bng l mng c sn, ti trng phn b trn chiu di sn ( phn lc nn ) Mng kp l mng khng c sn, bn chu lc, ti trng tc dng tp trung ging nh mng n. Cu 68: Khi tnh bin dng nn phi chp nhn gi thit g ? ln tnh ton Stt ? [S] ?S ? [?S] Cu 69: V tr v dm ging phi b tr nh th no i vi khung bn trn v mng bn di cho hp l ? Dm ging b tr ngay ti mi ni gia ct thp dc ca ct v thp ch ca ct chn sn trong mng, ch ni thp ny c chn ni thun tin cho thi cng c th ngay mt mng hoc c th mt nn nh. Cu 70: Hy nu s khc nhau gia ln v ln lch ? Ln l bin dng ca nn t khi chu ti trng. Ln lch l s chnh lch bin dng ca nn mng khi chu ti trng. Ln lch nguy him hn n s gy ph hoi kt cu cng trnh. Cu 71: Lc ct khc vi lc xuyn thng nh th no ? Lc ct l ni lc ca kt cu sinh ra do ng sut tip trong qu trnh chu ti. Xuyn thng l lc dc ( ni lc ) sinh ra do ng sut ko chnh. Cu 72: Cn c vo c s no chn lp t p ? Lp t gia ti ?

Nu l cc u tin th nh ln ri khoan mi cho qua khi lp sau ng su theo thit k. Nu l cc th th ta p b u cc coi nh n l t v ng tip cho cc hng k. Nu hng no cng vy ( thng 2 ? 3 hng ) phi xem xt tnh ton li. Cu 73: Th no l nn WRINKLER ? u v khuyt im ? Nn WRINKLER l phng php h s nn gi thit l ti mi im mt y mng ca dm trn nn n hi, cng ca ti trng ( R ) t l bc nht vi ln ( ln ny bng vng ca dm s = y ) nh vy R, C, Y, ( X ) vi C l h s nn. +Nn WRINKLER cn gi l nn n hi bin dng cc b. +M hnh l dy v s l so lm vic c lp vi nhau. -u im: n gin, tin dng trong tnh ton, thit k gn ng vi thc t c dng nhng nn t yu, rt yu. -Nhc im: Khng phn nh c tnh phn phi hay lin h c ca t nn v t c tnh ma st trong nn khi chu trng ti cc b th t c th li ko hay gy ra ln vng ln cn ( ngoi phm vi t ti ) cng lm vic chung. +Khi nn t ng nht th trng ti phn b u lin tc trn dm, theo m hnh ny dm s ln u v bin dng nhng thc ra khi trng ti tc dng phn b u th dm vn b un ( vng ) gia nn nh hng xung quanh nhiu hn nh vy s ln nhiu hn u dm. +Khi mng tuyt i cng, ti trng t i xng th mng s ln u theo m hnh ny nh vy ng sut y mong s phn b u nhng theo o c thc t thi ng sut phn b khng u. +H s nn C c tnh cht qui c khng r rng, C khng phi l mt hng s. Cu 74: Ti sao khi mng cc i cao ? Di thp ? Cch kim tra xuyn thng ? Tnh mng cc i cao khi cng trnh nm ni t thp, nhiu nc kh thi cng i, cn phi thi cng nhanh, gp rt mng. Tnh mng cc i thp khi cng trnh nm nhng ni t cao, mc nc ngm su, tuy nhin vt liu v ti trng nhiu nhng b li th mng cc i thp n nh hn. +Kim tra xuyn thng: Nu cc nm trong phm vi hnh thp p lm th khng cn kim tra Nu kim tra th Pct < 0,752.k1.h.b. Cu 75: Khi ng cc gp phi mt lp t hay mt lp no khc m cc khng th vt qua th phi x l nh th no ? Mng n thit k thi cng n gin, gi thnh r nhng ch s dng c cho nhng cng trnh c ti trng nh, nn t tng i tt. Mng bng tnh ton thi cng phc tp hn, gi thnh cao ? n nh hn s dng cho nhng cng trnh c ti trng tng i ln, nn t yu. Cu 76: Ti sao khi thit k mng bng thng chn bn mng nm di, dm mng nm trn ? Khi tnh mng bng ta tnh nh dm ch T cho nn i vi trng hp tnh trn m hnh WRINKLER th ngay chn ct y mng chu ko, ngay gia nhp y mng chu nn do ta thit k bn mng nm di ( cnh ch T nm trong vng chu nn) s tit kim vt liu hn v tng cng chu nn ca kt cu hn, hp l hn. mng nm trn l do mt trn chu ko m b tng khng tnh cho chu ko nn v mt cng c gi tr tit nh tit din ch nht ( bxh ) nn b tr nh vy l hp l v mt tnh ton v biu s tit kim c vt liu. +Ch : Khi thit k mng bng m bn mng nm trn, dm mng nm di l da vo biu ni lc ca kt cu, khi ton b kt cu chu ko ? tit din lm vic l

( bcxli ) khng phi l ( b x h ). +Ch khi gii FEAP -i vi consol : ngi ta a v dng mt lc tp trung v mt m momen ti ngay nt consol ( mc ch gim bt s nt phn t, n gin tnh ton, nhng nu nguyn cng c ). -i vi cc lin kt bin: ti ti nt cc lin kt bin, ch t c theo cc phng t do, cn cc phng b kho th khng t c. V d: Lin kt bin l ngm ti nt khng t ti P v M c. Lin kt bin l gi c nh th ti nt khng t ti P c nhng M th c. Lin kt bin l gi di ng th ti nt khng t ti P theo phng Y c, nhng theo phng X v M th c. Cu 77: Thp mng v thp sn l thp chu un hay chu ct ? Thp mng v thp sn l thp chu un . Khong cch <20(cm)khi chiu dy bn h? 10(cm) Khong cch <15(cm)khi chiu dy bn h?15(cm) d b tng th khong cch ct thp khng c nh hn7(cm) S lng ct thp phn b khng t hn 10%,ct thp chu lc thng s dng 8 Ct thp chu lc cho sn thng t ??6?12 (cm). Khongcch ct thp l khong cch gia hai trc ct thp Cu 78: Mun chng thm khe ln (khe co gin) ta lm nh th na? i vi trn mi : _Ngay ti khe ln ta xy (hoc b tng) hai bn mt g cao >30(cm) _Sau dng m b tng hnh ch U chp ngoi hai g ri ttt chng thm bnh thng ,m btng ny ch t ln g ch khng lin kt cng vi g . i vi sn di : _Khi b tng ta cha mi bn mt bu lng chn sn trong b tng . _Sau khi lt lp ph sn (lt gch ,lng ) ch khe ln ta ph mt lp cht do (sika) sau trn mt ph mt lp ng na . Cu 79: Th no l ti trng tnh ton ?ti trng tiu chun? Ti trng tiu chun : l ti trng khi s dng trong iu kin bnh thng Ti trng tnh ton: l tch s ca ti trng tiu chun vi h s an ton. n: l h s an ton ca ti trng k ti cc trng hp lm cho kt cu nguy him hn khng nh lc s dng bnh thng . V d: khi ta tnh ton dm sn ta phi lng trc trng hp ti trng tng ln so vi lc bnh thng khi n > 1, trong thc t c khi n < 1 kt cu li nguy him hn, nh lc ta tnh s n nh ca i nc m bo khng b nghing, th khi tnh trng lng i nc trng thi nh hn bnh thng . Nh cao my tng tr ln th c xem l nh cao my loi I ? Nh cao t 9 tng tr ln th oc xem l nh cao tng loi I. Cu 81 :S kt cu cng l g ? L nhng nh v cng trnh m kt cu ca n c kh nng c bit chu ni lc gy ra bi bin dng ca nn . Cu 81:Mng cng l g ?Mng tuyt i cng l g ? Mng cng l mng ch chu lc nn (mng hc, mng gch ) mng cng khng xt n kh nng chu ko do un ca vt liu lm mng, gc m ? ca mng cng nh hn hoc bng ?max, tc l t s H/L khng nh hn tr s nu trong qui phm cotg? ? 2 (vi ?=300) -Mng tuyt i cng l mng lm bng b tng hc, gch. Cc loi mng ny cu to sao cho khng xut hin ng xut ko trong chnmng lm cho mng b nt, mun vy th phi ly cotg?=H/L. Cu 82 : Chiu di on ct thp chn vo mng di bao nhiu ?

on ct thp chn vo mng vi cc thanh chn su vo sut chiu cao v chiu di bng 30d (k c on b ngang). on thp khung ni vo thp ch ?30 d Cu 83: Ti sao gi l nn n hi ?Tnh dm trn nn n hi ? -Nn n hi : s dng khi cngtrnh t trn t mm, di tc dng ca ti trng cng trnh, nn t c bin dng ln lm cho cng trnh bn trn cng b bin dng theo, do gy ra cc ng lc trong kt cu ca cng trnh, cc nn t c bin dng ln ngi ta gi l nn n hi. -Dm trn nn n hi: dm c t trn nn n hi gi l dm trn nn n hi (mng bng c gi l mng dm ). +Ti sao gi l tnh dm trn nn n hi ? -Tnh ton trng thi ng sut, bin dng ca cng trnh xy dng trong iu kin cng lm vic vi nn mm ( ngha l cng bin dng vi nn ) c gi l tnh ton dm ( kt cu ) trn nn n hi. +Khi no th tnh dm trn nn n hi ? -Khi kt cu c cng hu hn ngi ta quen gi l kt cu mm ( EJ = 0 ), khi nn bin dng kt cu trn nn pht sinh ni lc ( do bin dng ): mng bng -Kt cu mm tuyt i ( EJ = 0 ) khi nn bin dng th kt cu bin dng theo, v vy m trong kt cu khng sinh ni lc. -Kt cu cng tuyt i ( EJ = ?) d nn bin dng th no th kt cu khng bin dng g, nhng tht ra c bin dng nh c th b qua c ( nh: tr cu, mng mi, kiu ng khi ). -Khi kim tra iu kin p lc nhm m bo cho vng bin dng do trong nn hi bin dng. Pth < Rtc Pmax ? 1,2.Rtc Do c th coi nn l bin dng tuyn tnhv ch khi nn la bin dng tuyn th mi xc nh c ng sut trong nn theo cac cng thc ca l thuyt n hi va mi tnh c bin dng ca t nn theo cc phng php hin nay. +Cc m hnh nn t: M hinh WRINKLER. M hnh bn khng gian n hi. M hnh nn mng. M hnh nn tm. M hnh n hi vi hai h s nn. M hnh lp n hi hu hn. +Ti sao tnh dm n hi trn nn WRINKLER ? i vi nhng nn t mm m hnh WRIKLER ph hp, gn ng vi thc t, va n gin, va tin dng trong tnh ton thit k. Trong iu kin nc ta nhng vng ng bng sng Hng, sng cu Long t mm cha nhiu nc, mc nc ngm cao: Tnh phn phi t yu do ta chn m hnh nn t l m hnh WRINKLER . Cu 84: Khi no th s tnh ton mng bng l dm lin tc ? l khi kt cu bn trn tuyt i cng ( EJ = ?), nhng iu ny thc t khng sy ra v kt cu phn trn khng tuyt i cng. Cu 85: Khi chn chiu su chn mng th chon theo iu kin no ? Khi chn chiu su chn mng thng chn bng 1/15 n 1/12 ln chiu cao ngi nh. Cu 86: Trong tnh ton nn mng th cc ch tiu no phi ly ch tiu tnh ton ? Cc ch tu nh: ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, e, phi ly ch tiu tnh ton. Cu 87: Ti sao khi thit k nn mng li s dng ti tiu chun ? Khi thit k nn mng ( la chn kch thc ca mng ) l vic kim tra bin dng,

xc nh theo tnh ton khng c vt qu tr s gii hn do cc qui phm qui nh m bo iu kin bnh thng ca mng. Hin tng vt ti ( khi tnh ti trng tnh ton ), trong s dng thng gy ra trong thi gian ngn nn khng cn k n khi tnh ton theo trng thi gii hn v bin dng m ch dng ti trng tiu chun. Cc nn t cng 1/2 t, 1/2 khi chu ti s t ti trng thi th I, trc khi sut hin trng thi II. Cc nn t mm ngc li gy ra bin dng rt ln d ti trng cn rt nh, i vi iu kin vng chu th sng Hng, vng ng bng sng Cu Long t mm ch yu tnh theo trng thi gii hn II l gii hn v bin dng ( phn x l a cht chn ? = 0.85 ). Cu 88: Tnh h s nn c my cch ? Tnh h s nn c hai cch: +Cch 1: tin cy, chnh xc l dng th nghim nn. +Cch 2: da vo bng tra. Cu 89: Hy nu trnh t tnh ton mng bng v mng n ? Chn kch thc s b tnh Rtc. Chn kch thc chu ti. Kim tra ?tb, ?max, ?min, < Rtc ( 1.2Rtc ). Tnh v b tr thp. Cu 90: C my s tnh khung ? C hai s xc inh ni lc khi tnh khung: +S n hi. +S bin dng do. Cu 91: C my loi lin kt nt khung ? khuyt im ca n ? Lin kt cng (ngm): cng ca khung cao, bin dng t, mmen un phn b ra u n hn gi nt v cc thanh, do cc thanh lm vic hp l hn, lm c nhp ln hn (nu ct lin kt cng vi mng thng l n gin, ph bin nht mmen ti chn ct ln ? tit din mng ln). Khung ton khi l c cu to vi nt cng. Lin kt khp: cng ca khung ln, ti trng gy ra mmen ln cho b phn trc tip chu tc dng ca n, mmen tp trung vo gia v chn ct, cc tit din chu ni lc ln, thanh lm vic t hp l ( nu ct lin kt khp vi mng ) th ti y M = 0 mc ch l gim kch thc mng khi gp nn su, tuy nhin lin kt khp chn ct s lm tng mmen un u ct v nhp x, lm cho cc cu kin b trn nng hn khp chn ct cn c tc dng gim bc siu tnh ca khung, do cng gim c ni lc pht sinh do khng nn u ca gi ta, do co ngt v t bin ca b tng. Ngoi ra cn hiu rng cc lin kt cng vi mng ch l tng i v di tc dng ca ti trng t nn s bin dng v lm cho mng b xoay i d ch l rt t, khi mng b xoay th mmen chn ct gim xung cn mmen u ct v u x s tng sy ra s phn b ni lc. Cu 92: Trong n ln ca cc mng ly bng my ? i vi mng n: 0.05 ? 0.06 ( cm ) i vi mng bng: 0.08?0.1 ( cm ) i vi mng cc: 0.028?0.033 ( cm ) Cu 93: Th no gi l cc chng ? Khi kh nng chu lc ca cc ti hn m kh nng chu lc ca t cha ti hn th gi l cc chng, d t mi cc khng phi l t cng. Cu 94: ?max, ?min trong dm v ct l g ? +?min : l hm lng ct thp qu t b ph hoi t ngt ( ph hoi gin ) khi b tng b nt th ton b lc ko do ct thp chu, trnh iu cn phi m bo ? > ?min. +?max: l lng ct thp qu nhiu, trng hp ny cn phi trnh v khng vn

dng kh nng lm vic ca ct thp, v rt nguy him v dm b ph hoi khi bin dng cn nh, kh phng. kt cu lm vic hp l m bo khng xy ra ph hoi do th ?min < ? < ?max tn dng ht kh nng lm vic ca b tng v ct thp. Cu 95: ?max ca dm khc vi ?max ca ct nh th no ? ?max dm < ?max ct. ?max dm = 1.5( % ) ?max ct =3( % ), c th l =6?8 ( % ) Cu 96: Ct thp trong ct ti sao thng i xng ? Mmen trong ct c cng tr s nhng khc nhau. Thun tin thi cng trnh t nhm thp. Hnh dng ct i xng Pn v Rn chnh lch nhau khng ln khi tnh ct khng i xng. Cu 97: Hy nu nguyn tc lm vic ca ct xin ? Cu 98: Hy nu nguyn l lm vic ca ct ai ? Cu 99: Hy nu cch t ct thp tit din ch T? Cu 100: Khi no th lin kt gia sn vi dm l ngm ? L khp ? L ngm khi: hs < 1/3 hd L khp khi: hs > 1/3 hd Cu 101: Khi no th lin kt gia dm vi ct l ngm ? L khp ? Khi cng n v ca ct ln hn 6 ln cng n v ca dm th xem dm ngm vo ct. Khi cng n v ca dm ln hn 4 ln cng n v ca ct th xem dm k ln ct. Cu 102: Khi no lin kt gia ct v mng l ngm ? L khp ? +Lin kt l ngm khi ln ca mng nh. +Lin kt l khp khi mng c ln ln. Cu103: Nt cng l g ? Nt cng l mt khi nim yu cu cc thanh ng qui ti nt. Cu 104: Ngm n hi l g ? Ngm n hi l lin kt c cng va phi, khi ni lc ln khng cn l ngm. Cu 105: Khi a lc tp trung v lc phn b th ta s dng iu kin g ? C mt lc tp trung a v lc phn b bng cch nhn lc tp trung vi khong cch chu lc ca kt cu . Lc phn b tam gic bng 5/8 tam gic u. Cu 106: Trong cng trnh xy dng mmen do ti trng gi v mmen do ti trng thng ng th mmen no gy ra ln hn ? Tu thuc vo mt bng v chiu cao c th, thng thng nh nh hn 10 tng th mmen do ti trng gi nh. Cc cng trnh cao tng th phi tnh ton c th. Cu 107: Khi cng trnh c tng lng th tng lng c chu ti trng khng ? Khi cng trnh c tng lng th tng lng vn chu ti trng gi bnh thng. Cu 108: Lm th no c c cp ni lc nguy him nht trong t hp ni l ? Phi xt t hp ti trng: -T hp c bn 1: tnh ti + hot ti thng xuyn + mt hot ti -T hp c bn 2: tnh ti + hot ti thng xuyn + tt c cc hot ti -T hp c bit: tnh ti + hot ti thng xuyn + hot ti c bit. Cu 109: Khi tnh ct th c my cp ni lc kim tra ? Khi tnh ct th c 3 cp ni lc kim tra : +Mmax, Nt +Mmin, Nt +Nmax, Mt

Ngoi ra cn xt: +Qmax +Mmax, Qt i vi dm. Cu 110: Khi bit M, N kch thc axb hp l khi no ? Nu M nh th nn cu to mng vung ( a = b). Nu M ln nn cu to mng c tit din ch nht. Mng c thit k hp l khi: ng sut di y mng tng i u, vi mng lch tm th: +Pmin > 0. +Pmax < 1.2Rtc +Pth < Rtc Cu 111: Khi no th tnh mng cng ? Mng cng c tnh khi t nn tt, n nh, ti trng tc dng ng tm. Mng cng c cu to bng gch, , b tng. Cu 112: Khi chn tit din ngang ca mng bng cn c vo u ? Chn chiu rng mng bng: -Cn c vo a cht cng trnh ( cng ca t nn ) -Ti trng tc dng. -iu kin bin dng ca t nn ( ln ca mng ). Chn chiu cao mng bng: -Ti trng tc dng. -p lc ca t nn. -Kch thc ct. Cu 113: Hy nu cc bc tnh mng bng ? Xc nh ti trng tc dng xung mng. nh gi iu kin a cht thu vn. Chn chiu su chn mng. Xc nh kch thc s b ca mng. Xc nh cng ca t nn. Kim tra ln cho mng. Xc nh chiu cao mng v kch thc dm mng. Tnh ni lc. Tnh ton ct thp. Tnh ct ai, v ct xin. Kim tra cht lng ct thp. Cu 114: Mng bng l dm trn nn no ? Mng bng l dm trn nn n hi. M hnh tnh ton l m hnh WRINKLER ( m hnh v bin dng cc b ). Mng bng thit k theo phng ngang tt hn theo phng dc v cng theo phng ngang ln hn cng theo phng dc. Phn nn mng Cu 01: Nu cng dng ca lp b tng lt mng ? B tng lt trc khi b tng mng c cng dng lm sch y b tng mng, ngn cn s mt nc xi mng ca b tng mng vo t nn. Cu 02: Nu nguyn nhn gy ln khng u ? Do tnh nn ln ca nn t phn b khng ng u trong mt bng v do a hnh phc tp. Do t b ph v kt cu. Do nc chuyn ng di t. Do ti trng t lch tm v tng phn cng trnh c ti trng khc nhau.

Cu 03: Nu tc hi ca s ln khng u ? c bit khi c tr s ln rt nguy him cho kt cu siu tnh, gy cn tr cho vic s dng cng trnh v lm mt m quan ca cng trnh. Cc kt cu nh tng, khung, sn mi,...s xut hin cc ni lc b sung c th lm nt hng kt cu. Cu 04: Cng trnh c cn lm ging mng khng ? Cng trnh phi lm ging mng v ging mng ni cc mng trong cng trnh li vi nhau to thnh h khng gian cng. Chu ni lc sinh ra khi c s ln lch ca mng. Ngoi ra cn to lin kt khng gian chng trt, cc mng phn b u ng sut xung mng tng n nh ct. Cu 05: Th no l nn ? Nn l chiu dy cc lp t trc tip chu ti trng ca cng trnh do mng truyn xung. Cu 06: c im cu to mng hp khi (cch tnh ton ) ? Khi tnh ton cc mng n di ct cc trc gn nhau to thnh mng hp khi. Mng hp khi l mng c chung bn mng v c t 2 ct tr ln. Tnh ton nh bn dm c ti trng tc dng l p lc t tc dng ln mng. Cu 07: Khi chn loi nn mng cn c vo nhng yu t no ? c im ca cng trnh. Tr s ca ti trng. Nn v mng cng trnh ln cn. iu kin a cht cng trnh, iu kin a cht thu vn. Cc yu t khc nh chn ng,..

Cu 08: Th no l mng cng, mng mm ? Mng cng l mng khng b un khi chu tc dng ca ti trng. Khi xc nh ng xut tip xc di y mng ta khng k n un ca mng. Gm cc loi mng gch , b tng, mng n b tng di ct, mng bng b tng ct thp di tng. Mng mm ( mng c cng hu hn ) l mng b un ng k khi chu tc dng ca ti trng. S un ny phn b li ng sut tip xc, phi k n nh hng ca un gm: mng bng, mng bng giao thoa b tng ct thp di cc dy ct. Cu 09: Bng thng k ct thp lm g ? lp d ton v lp tin thi cng, d ton trc gi thnh cng trnh, cng nhn ct, un thp theo thit k. Cu 10: Nu cc ch tiu xc nh t nn ? Trng lng ring ca t t nhin. Trng lng ring ca ht t. m. Gii hn chy. Gii hn do. H s thm. Gc ma st trong. Lc dnh n v. H s nn. M un bin dng tng qut. nh gi t theo st. nh gi ct theo rng. Cu 11: Khi tnh ton mng ( cng nh cc cu kin khc ) khi no s dng ti trng tnh ton, khi no s dng ti trng tiu chun ? Khi tnh ton cu kin theo trng thi gii hn 1 ( Kh nng chu lc, sc chu ti, n

nh ) th ta tnh vi ti trng tnh ton. Khi tnh cu kin theo trng thi gii hn 2 ( bin dng, ln, vng, khe nt ) ta tnh vi ti trng tiu chun. Cu 26: Ti sao tnh vng li dng ti trng tiu chun ? Ti trng tiu chun l ti trng da theo qui phm thit k, theo kch thc hnh hc v ti trng ca chng loi vt liu l ti trng tng i chnh xc v gy t bin mi lu di nn gy vng (???) Cn ti trng tnh ton c k thm h s tin cy, k n yu t bt li lm tng gi tr ti trng do ti lch vi thit k, sai lch khi thi cng, s tng ti trng t ngt. M nhng trng hp khng gy bin dng, t bin m hot ng c khng k n. Cu 12: Khi thi cng mng cn ch nhng g ? Cn ch tim chun, ct chun. Cu 13: iu kin thi cng xong mt cc ? Chon b tng n su thit k. Th ti m bo sc chu ti khng c khuyt tt. Cu 1: Tc dng ca thp cu to, ct gi ? Gi n nh ct dc chu lc khi b tng, khi chu lc, chu ng sut ct. B rng ca dm rng th n cn gim s phnh, gi n nh cho ct ai. Cu 2 : Tc dng ca thp phn b sn ? Gi n nh cho ct dc, chu lc theo phng kia. Cu 3: ngha ca lp bo v ct thp ? Chng xm thc n mn ct thp, to lc dnh gia b tng v ct thp. Yu cu: Dm h > 250 an = 2 cm. Bn hb < 10 cm an = 1 cm; hb < 1cm an = 1,5 cm. Mng an = 5 ? 7 cm Cu 4: ngha ca on neo ct thp ? m bo lc dnh gi b tng v ct thp. Ct thp khng b ko tut dn n b tng v ct thp cng kt hp lm vic. Cu 5: Khi no tnh ton theo s khp do, s n hi ? Tnh ton theo s khp do: BT mc < 300; A < 0,3; tnh cho nhng cng trnh bnh thng, thng khng c xm thc ct thp. Tnh ton theo s n hi, khng nt i vi nhng cng trnh quan trng. Cu 6: S cc th nn tnh l bao nhiu ? S cc th nn tnh l 1% v = 1 cc. Cu 7: on p b tng u cc l 10d on hn v lentenite l 1m. Cu 8 : Cch xc inh chiu di ct khung mt tng 1? K t nh mng tr ln mc sn. Cu 9: K thut b tng i cc ? Bng bm. Cu 10: b tng bng phng php bm khc phng php th cng ch no ? st th cng 3 ? 4cm; bng bm 10 ? 15 cm. Cu 11: Ti sao b tng bng phng php bm yu cu st cao hn ? b tng c tnh linh ng hn khi i qua ng ca my bm. Cu 12: Ti sao phi kim tra st b tng trc khi b tng mng ct, mng khung ? st phn nh do v tnh linh ng ca va b tng, nn b tng c st hp l mi chui qua khong cch ct thp to nn lp bo v v t b r mt (Nhng phi khng ch v lin quan n thi gian ninh kt v cng ca b tng). Cu 13: Chn tit din dm da vo nhng yu t no ? - mnh ca ct nh :

-Kinh nghim. -Ti trng tc dng. Cu 14: Chn tit din dm da vo nhng yu t no ? Xut pht t iu kin vng cho php. Cu 15: Cch kim tra kt qu chy my ? Tch mt phn t khung v kim tra vi ti trng tc dng. Kim tra 3 phng trnh cn bng: Cu 16 : Gii thch cch lp tin thi cng, phng php lp, mc ch v da vo u lp c ? Cu 17: Cch iu chnh h s k1, k2 ; da vo u lp c hm s no. iu chnh tin bng cch lp tin thi gian hnh thnh cc qu trnh xy dng. -Nu biu nhn lc, vt liu khng iu ho th ch yu m bo s lng cng nhn khng iu ho, nu thiu th phi iu ho ( ch thay i 10 ? 15%) S cng d / Tng s cng. -Nu iu chnh th nn iu chnh h s k1 v Amax gim i ng thi s cng cng gim i, thay i c li, nhng gim Amax th ko di thi gian thi cng. -Nu tng Ath th c th rt ngn thi gian, cng v k1 > 1 ko theo k2 = 0. Cch b tr cc trong i l 3,6.d. -Khong cch cc < 3d. Cc cc lm vic gn v gim s ma st gia cc cc v khong cch mng qui c nh. -Khong cch gia cc cc > 6d cc cc lm vic nh cc n c lp. Cu 18: Khung nh cao tng khc khung nh thp tng cch b tr ct thp. -Yu cu nt khung do ( ct ai nh th no ). -Nt khung do chng nhng chn ng do ng t v dao ng cng trnh. Cu 19: Nguyn tc b tr ct thp trong cc khoan nhi, cng dng ca thp dc v thp ai ? -Thp dc chu un v nn. -Thp ai gi n nh ct dc, cng ct dc to li m khi b tng cho b tng trong ct ai chu nn tt hn. -Ti sao ko thp sut cc. V khi tnh ton sc chu ti ca cc ly tr s Pv. Cu 20: Vai tr dy neo ging vn khun ct. (Ch ct bin pha bn kia khng chng mi cn) Cu 22: V cc mt bng kt cu lm g ? xc nh ti trng truyn ln dm khung, xc nh v tr dm khung chu lc ca mng. Cu 23: Ct v ni thp trong ct, ct u, khi no c ct ? Ni thp chn ct th thun li cho thi cng n < 4 thanh ni 1 v tr n = 5?8 thanh ni 2 v tr n>8 thanh ni 3 v tr a. Khi ct thp chu nn ng tm v lch tm b (e0 < 0,2h0) th c ct ni mt v tr d mt thanh hay bao nhiu thanh. b. Khi ct chu nn lch tm ln (e0 > 0,2h0)th tun theo qui nh trn Cu 24: Qui nh din tch s thanh thp c ct , 1/3, 1/2 chiu di dm. 1/3ld : Ct = 2 thanh v = 1/3 ln 1/4ld : Ct s thanh cn li. Vi mmen dng v tr ct = 1/5ld Cu 27: Cng dng ca ct ai trong ct, ti sao on ni thp, ct ai phi dy, cu to ct ai.

Cng dng: chu lc ct, gi n nh ct ai, chu lc khi thi cng v chu lc khi phn ni ct thp, ct ai t dy. Cu 28: Nu tnh ton khung theo tnh cht i xng th s nh th no? Cc thanh thp dc phn ni c tnh cht gim nn khong cch ct ai dy cn hn ch s n hng ca b tng ct lm tng cng b tng ln.

" ngha c a hnh bao v t li u; Bi u bao mmen ? Hnh bao v t li u l kh nng ch u l c c a v t li u (btng - c t thp) t i ti t di n (khi khng c t khng u n . N u c t u n th hnh bao v t li u s khc nhau ) Bi u bao mmn l mmen l n nh t t i ti t di n .T ti t di n c th c nhi u mmen nh ng hnh bao v t li u l t h p mmen l n nh t V v t n t t i c t treo (gi a c t treo v d m ph ) Ko t d m i m cu i d m ph xung 1 gc 45 Ta t 5 thanh c t treo .N u t 10 thanh c t treo th ph i lm sao ? Cch t ? V sao ta g i l b ng d m ? V sao ph i t c t treo st d m ph ch ng ph ho i c c b do t i tr ng t p trung t b n v ngo i l c truy n xu ng V sao khng l y cnh l n m l y cnh n m trong m t gi i h n nh t nh no V khi k t c u ch u nn cnh nh s n nh h n cnh l n ng th i n cng tham gia lm vi c v i s n ngha c a m t ct III-III cc thp trn V d phi ( 0 ) ; 0 6 a200; 0 6 a300 z M t c t l thuy t (cch tnh cc cng th c ) V sao ph i ko di 1 o n W ( t n d ng h t kh nng ch u l c ) T i ch n i c t thp c ng knh khc nhau c b c nh y hy ch ra b c nh y Ch trn 1 ti t di n c bao nhiu thanh ch u tnh Mtd V v t n t trn cc thanh ch u c t xin" 1. V sao ph i c t u n c t thp? 2. Ci g ch u l c trong b n? 3. S tnh c a b n, d m chnh v d m ph : T i sao l i c s khc nhau ? 4. V sao cc b n gi a c php gi m 20% c t thp? 5. Ad l g? Ad ph thu c vo g? 6. V sao t i cc ti t di n g i t a ta ph i ki m tra i u ki n?

7. Khi tnh ton thp trong d m chnh ng i ta dng gi tr momen no? T i sao? 8. T i m t g i c bao nhiu gi tr momen mp g i? Ta dng gi tr no? 9. Khi tnh ton d m chnh, tr ng h p ch t t i ln ton b d m c ph i l tr ng h p nguy hi m nh t khng? 10. V sao ph i t h p t i tr ng? 11. C ph i t t c cc h s v t t i u l n h n 1? 12. Khi tnh ton d m c k n t i tr ng khung khng? t i sao? 13. Nhn t c b n m b o s lm vi c chung gi a b tng v c t thp? 14. V sao ph i neo c t thp? 15. V sao c 2 mc vung c t thp m ch u momen m trong b n? 16. C t c u t o , tc d ng? 17. V sao c th xem d m chnh nh m t d m lin t c khi tnh ton? Cu 1. Khi chiu cao dm ph bng chiu cao dm chnh th ct treo t u? - Khi ct treo ch l ct cu to v t theo cu to. Cu 2. V sao phi ct un ct thp? - Trong mI on dm ct thp uc tnh ton cho tit din c momen max. Cng xa tit din ct thp ct thp cn thit cng gim. tit kim vt liu cn ct hoc un chuyn vng ct thp. V tr ct un xc nh da vo hnh bao monen v kh nng chu lc ca cc tit din dm. Cu 3. Ci g chu lc trong bn? - Trong bn lc ct thng b nn btng kh nng chu ct. Cu 4. S tnh ca bn, dm chnh v dm ph: Ti sao li c s khc nhau ? - S tnh ca bn v dm ph l s khp do - S tnh ca dm chnh l s n hi. - Dm chnh l kt cu chu lc chnh trn sn, n c xem l b ph hoi khi c s hnh thnh khp do. Do vy phi tnh theo s n hi, bo m an ton cho kt cu. Cn vi dm ph v bn, khi hinh thnh khp do th kt cu vn cn lm vic c , ta tnh theo s khp do tn dng ti a kh nng lm vic ca kt cu. Cu 5. V sao cc bn gia c php gim 20% ct thp? - cc bn vng gia ( dalle intermdiaire) lin kt bi bn

pha l dm nn c s hnh thnh khp do to thnh kt cu khung ba khp lm tng kh nng chu lc ca cc bn gia ( Hiu ng vm ) . Cc bn ngoi, do ch c ba pha l dm, mt pha gI ln tng, coi nh khng c momen do d khng c s hnh thnh khp do- khng c gim thp. Cu 6. Ad l g ? Ad ph thuc vo g ? - Ad l h s hn ch dm tnh theo s khp do. - Ad ph thuc vo mc bton: + Nu mc bton # > 300 th Ad = 0,3 tng ng a = 0,37 + Nu mc bton # > 500 th Ad = 0,255 a = 0,3 Cu 7. V sao ti cc tit din gi ta ta phI kim tra iu kin - V tnh ton theo s khp do, cc khp do d kin xut hin cc gi ta, do tI cc tit ny phi kim tra k trn Cu 8. Khi tnh ton thp trong dm chnh ngI ta dng gi tr momen no ? Ti sao? - Khi tnh ton dm chnh ngi ta dng gi tr momen ti mp gi m khng dng gi tr ln nht chnh gia cc gi ta. L do : trong thc t s ph hoi xy ra theo tit din mp gi ch khng phI tit din c momen ln nht chnh gia trc gi. Cu 9. on ko di ct thp so vI mt ct l thuyt c tc dng g - TL : khi tnh ton ta ch tnh theo tit din thng gc nn ta cn ko di ct thp m bo an ton trn tit din nghing Cu 10. Tr s trong dm ph ph thuc vo g? - ph thuc vo t s Pd/Gd Cu 11.Trong dm nn chn ti a my loi ng knh? - Nn chn khng qu 3 loi ng knh tin cho thi cng. Cu 12. Ho xc nh nh th no? ti sao? - Ho ly t tm ct thp chu ko n mp ct thp chu nn,th hin chiu cao lm vic ca vt liu.V kh nng chu ko ca b tng km nn khi lm vic lp b tng min ko b nt v khng tham gia chu lc,lc ny ch c ct thp min ko tham gia chu lc nn Ho c xc nh nh trn

Cu 13. Ti sao chiu dy lp bo v pha trn dm chnh li ly ln hn ca dm ph( thng ly t 5->8cm)? - Ti v lp ct thp trn cng ca dm chnh phi t di lp thp trn cng ca dm ph(t so le gia 2 lp ct thp ca dm ph) Cu 14. Ti sao khi ct ct thp ta thng ct ct thp lp trn trc? -Ti v m bo ho vn ln , c ngha l vn m bo kh nng chu lc ca dm. Cu 15. Sau khi ct un thp , lng ct thp i vo gi l bao nhiu? - Lng ct thp c neo vo gi c din tch khng t hn 1/3 ct thp gia nhp. Cu 16. Ti sao c th coi dm chnh l dm lin tc k ln ct v tng? - V trong nh c tng v vch chu ti trng ngang( gi ) cc khung ch yu chu ti trng thng ng.Dm chnh k t do ln cc ct, nu c lin vi ct th cng n v ca dm ln hn 4 ln cng n v ca ct. Cu 17. Ta c th tng kch thc tit din ct ln na c khng? - Khng th v nh th cng n v ca dm s < 4 ln cng n v ca ct, v dm s khng chuyn v xoay c,lc ny c th xem nh l ngm,khng cn l khp v vy khng phi l dm lin tc. Cu 18. Biu bao vt liu th hin g? -Th hin kh nng chu lc ca dm. *Mt s cu hi khc : 1- ct thp no chu mmen m, ct no chu m men dng trong dm. ( Ch vo bn v tr li ) 2- Ti sao im ct (bc nhy) trn biu bao m men khng trng vi im ct thp. 3- Lc ct ln nht u ( Trn dm chnh hoc dm ph) 4- Ti sao un xin ct thp hay un xin ct thp lm g, c tc dng g vv

6- Xc nh mt ct ca thp nh th no ? 7- Ti sao c bc nhy trn biu bao vt liu 8- Ct ai c tc dng g 9- Trong sn ct no chu lc 10- Ch dm ph k ln dm chnh phi b tr ct treo vi khong cch l Hi : Ti sao li c khong cch ny v tnh n nh th no 11- Ct vai b dung d lm g 12- ct vai b chu lc ct u 13- Ti sao trong bn phi un mc ct thp, c tc dng g 14- Ti sao trong dm khng un ct thp ( V dung thp c g, khng phI trn trn ) 15- Ti sao li tnh theo bn loi dm 16- Biu bao VL : bc nhy, on dc (xin). 17- Ti sao phi b tr ct treo ( chu ng sut cc b) 18- Tnh ct treo nh th no 19- Ti sao dm ph, bn tnh theo s khp do, dm chnh tnh theo s n hI 20- Ct cu to dng lm g 21- Ct ai dng lm d 22- on ko di ct thp gia mt ct l thuyt v mt ct thc t tnh nh th no 23- Tit din chu m men m v dng trong dm khc nhau nh th no ( m men m thnh theo tit din ch nht, dng tnh theo tit din ch T) 24- Tit din sau (trc ) l g 25- Ti sao phn dm chnh pha trn ct khng c ct treo 26- Tnh khong cch ct ai nh th no 27- Trong dm ci g chu lc ct, ci g chu m men 28- Bn loi dm c th tnh theo bn k 4 cnh c khng. - (qu c v loi dm l trng hp ring ca k 4 knh) 29- Qb l g 30- khi no phi dng ct xin 31- Un ct xin lm g 32- tit din chu m men m v dng c khac nhau khng 33- Tit din trc (sau) l g, u 34- V s tnh trong dm chnh,dm ph? 35-Ti trng tnh ton trong dm chnh,dm ph? 36-Ti sao li b tr ct treo? 37-Ti v tr b tr ct treo,nu khng dng ct treo th b tr thp bng cch no?Cch tnh? 38-Ti sao h s k trong biu bao mmen dm ph li ph

thuc t s p/g? 39-Ti sao mmen max nhp bin dm ph li cch gi 0.425l ? 40. Ct thp t trn gi trong bn lm g? 41. Hm lng ct thp hp l trong dm ph v dm chnh l bao nhiu? 42. Nu cch chn ct thp dm ph? n 43. Chiu dy lp bo v trong dm chnh v dm ph chn nh th no? 44. Trong biu m men dm ph,m men dng v m men m trit tiu cch gi bao nhiu? 45. on neo ct thp c quy nh nh th no? Ct thp chu m men m v chu m men dng c neo u? 46. cng n v ca dm l g? 47. Trong trng hp no ta khng phi tnh ct xin? 48. Ct thp gi t lm g? V cu to nh th no? Cch chn ct gi? 49. V vic tnh ton ch chim 40% nn thy gio s hi nhiu v cu to,v d nh thanh thp ny l thp g ? nhim v? cch chn nh th no? 1. Mt s nh ngha - Cc p l cc c h bng nng lng tnh, khng gy nn xung lng ln u cc. - Ti trng thit k l gi tr ti trng do Thit k d tnh tc dng ln cc. - Lc p nh nht (Pep)min l lc p do Thit k quy nh m bo ti trng thit k ln cc, thng thng ly bng 150 - 200% ti trng thit k; - Lc p ln nht (Pep)max l lc p do Thit k quy nh, khng vt qu sc chu ti ca vt liu cc; c tnh ton theo kt qu xuyn tnh, khi khng c kt qu ny th thng ly bng 200 - 300% ti trng thit k. 2. u nhc im ca phng php thi cng p cc Hin nay c nhiu phng php thi cng cc nh ba ng, kch p, khoan nhi... Vic la chn v s dng phng php no ph thuc vo a cht cng trnh v v tr cng trnh. Ngoi ra cn ph thuc vo chiu di cc, my mc thit b phc v thi cng. Mt trong cc phng

php thi cng cc l p cc bng kch p. u im: m, khng gy ra ting n Khng gy ra chn ng cho cc cng trnh khc Kh nng kim tra cht lng tt hn: tng on cc c p th di lc p v ta xc nh c sc chu ti ca cc qua lc p cui cng. Nhc im Khng thi cng c cc c sc chu ti ln hoc lp t xu cc phi xuyn qua qu dy. 3. Chun b mt bng thi cng - Phi tp kt cc trc ngy p t 1 n 2 ngy (cc c mua t cc nh my sn xut cc) - Khu xp cc phi t ngoi khu vc p cc, ng i van chuyn cc phi bang phng, khng g gh li lm - Cc phi vch sn trc thun tin cho vic s dng my kinh v cn chnh - Cn loi b nhng cc khng cht lng, khng m bo yu cu k thut - Trc khi em cc i p i tr, phi p th nghim 1 2% s lng cc - Phi c y cc bo co kho st a cht cng trnh, kt qu xuyn tnh. 4. V tr p cc - V tr p cc c xc nh ng theo bn v thit k: phi y khong cch, s phn b cc cc trong i mng vi im giao nhau gia cc trc. - cho vic nh v thun li v chnh xc, ta cn phi ly 2 im mco nm ngoi kim tra cc trc c th b mt trong qu trnh thi cng. Thc t, v tr cc cc c nh du bng cc thanh thp di t 20 n 30cm - T cc giao im cc ng tim cc, ta xc nh tm ca mng, t ta xc nh tm cc cc. 5. La chn phng n thi cng p cc Vic thi cng p cc ngoi cng trng c nhiu phng n p, sau y l hai phng n p ph bin: 5.1. Phng n 1 Ni dung: Tin hnh o h mng n cao trnh nh cc, sau mang my mc, thit b p n v tin hnh p cc n su cn thit. u im : o h mng thun li, khng b cn tr bi cc u cc

 Khng phi p m Nhc im : nhng ni c mc nc ngm cao, vic o h mng trc ri mi thi cng p cc kh thc hin c Khi thi cng p cc m gp tri ma th nht thit phi c bin php bm ht nc ra khi h mng Vic di chuyn my mc, thit b thi cng gp nhiu kh khn Vi mt bng thi cng cht hp, xung quanh ang tn ti nhng cng trnh th vic thi cng theo phng n ny gp nhiu kh khn, i khi khng thc hin c 5.2. Phng n 2 Ni dung: Tin hnh san phng mt bng tin di chuyn thit b p v vn chuyn sau tin hnh p cc theo yu cu. Nh vy, t c cao trnh nh cc cn phi p m. Cn phi chun b cc on cc dn bng thp hoc bng b tng ct thp cc p c ti chiu su thit k. Sau khi p cc xong ta s tin hnh o t thi cng phn i, h ging i cc u im: Vic di chuyn thit b p cc v vn chuyn cc c nhiu thun li k c khi gp tri ma Khng b ph thuc vo mc nc ngm Tc thi cng nhanh Nhc im: Phi thm cc on cc dn p m Cng tc o t h mng kh khn, phi o th cng nhiu, thi gian thi cng laua v rt kh thi cng c gii ha 5.3. Kt lun Cn c vo u nhc im ca 2 phng n trn, cn c vo mt bng cng trnh, phng n o t h mng, ta s chn ra phng n thi cng p cc. Tuy nhin, phng n 2, kt hp o h mng dng ao s kt hp c nhiu u im tin thnh thi cng c hiu qu. 6. Cc yu cu k thut i vi on p cc - Ct thp dc ca on cc phi hn vo vnh thp ni theo c 2 bn ca thp dc v trn sut chiu cao vnh - Vnh thp ni phi phng, khng c vnh - B mt u hai on cc ni phi tip xc kht vi nhau. - Kch thc cc bn m ng vi thit k v phi 4mm - Trc ca on cc c ni trng vi phng nn - Kim tra kch thc ng hn so vi thit k, ng hn ni cc phi c trn c 4 mt ca cc. Trn mi mt cc, chiu di ng hn khng nh hn 10cm

7. Yu cu k thut vi thit b p cc - Lc p danh nh ln nht ca thit b khng nh hn 1,4 ln lc p ln nht - Pp max yu cu theo quy nh thit k - Lc nn ca kch phi m bo tc dng dc trc cc khi p nh, khng gy lc ngang khi p - Chuyn ng ca pittng kch phi u, v khng ch c tc p - ng h o p lc phi tng xng vi khong lc o - Thit b p cc phi m bo iu kin vn hnh theo ng quy nh v an ton lao ng khi thi cng - Gi tr o p lc ln nht ca ng h khng vt qu 2 ln p lc o khi p cc - Ch huy ng t (0,7 0,8) kh nng ti a ca thit b p cc - Trong qu trnh p cc phi lm ch c tc p m bo cc yu cu k thut 8. Tnh ton chn cu phc v Cn c vo trng lng bn thn ca cc, ca i trng v cao nng cu cn thit chn cu thi cng p cc - Sc nng Qmax/Qmin - Tm vi Rmax/Rmin - Chiu cao nng: Hmax/Hmin - di cn chnh L - di cn ph - Thi gian - Vn tc quay cn 9. Phng php p cc v chn my p cc p cc thng dng 2 phng php: p nh p cc 9.1. p nh Lc p c tc dng t nh cc n cc xung u im Ton b lc p do kch thy lc to ra c truyn trc tip ln u cc chuyn thnh hiu qu p. Khi p qua cc lp t c ma st ni tng i cao nh ct, st do cng... lc p c th thng lc cn do ma st h cc xung su d dng. Nhc im Cn phi c hai h khung gi. H khung gi c nh v h khung gi di ng, vi chiu cao tng cng ca hai h khung gi ny phi ln hn chiu di mt on cc: nu 1 on cc di 6m th khung gi phi t 7 8m mi c th p c cc. V vy khi thit k cc p, chiu di mt on cc phi khng ch bi chiu cao gi p trong khong 6 8m

9.2. p m Lc p c tc dng t hai bn hng cc do chu ma st to nn p cc xung u im Do bin php p t 2 bn hng ca cc, my p khng cn phi c h khung gi di ng, chiu di on cc p c th di hn. Nhc im p cc t hai bn hng cc thng qua 2 chu ma st do do khi p qua cc lp ma st c ni ma st tng i cao nh st, st do cng... lc p hng thng khng th thng c lc cn do ma st tng h cc xung su. Ni chung, phng php ny khng c s dng rng ri bng phng php p nh 9.3. Cc b phn ca my p cc (p nh) i trng Trm bm thy lc gm c: ng c in Bm thy lc ngn ko ng tuy- thy lc v gic thy lc Dn my p cc: gm c khung dn vi gi xi lanh, khung dn l mt lng thp c hn thnh khung bi cc thanh thp gc v tm thp dy. B dn h 2 u cc c th i t trn xung di. Khung dn gn vi ng c ca xi-lanh, khung dn c th ln xung theo trc hnh trnh ca xi-lanh Dn my c th di chuyn nh ch l bt cc bulng B my p cc gm 2 thanh thp hnh ch I loi ln lin kt vi dn my ng vi khong cch hai hng cc c th ng ti 1 v tr p c nhiu cc m khng cn phi di chuyn b my. C th p mt lc nhiu cc bng cch ni bulng y dn my sang v tr p cc khc b tr trong cng mt hng cc. My p cc cn c lc p P gm 2 kch thu lc mi kch c Pmax = P/2 (T) Hnh 1. My p cc 9.4. Nguyn l lm vic Dn my c lp rp vi b my bng 2 cht nh vy c th di chuyn p mt s cc khi b my c nh ti mt ch, gim s ln cu i trng ng th cc c 2 xilanh nng ln h xung, nng lng thy lc truyn i t trm bm qua xilanh qua ng th cc v qua gi u cc truyn sang cc, vi i trng nng lng s bin thnh lc dc trc p

cc xung t. 9.5. Chn my p cc Chn my p cc a cc xung chiu su thit k, cc phi qua cc tng a cht khc nhau ty theo iu kin c th ca a cht cng trnh. Mun cho cc qua c nhng a tng th lc p cc phi t gi tr: Pep K.Pc Trong : Pep lc p cn thit cc i su vo t nn ti su thit k K h s K > 1; c th ly K = 1,5 2 ph thuc vo loi t v tit din cc Pc tng sc khng tc thi ca nn t, Pc = Pmui + Pmasat Pmui : phn khng mi cc Pmasat : ma st thn cc Nh vy, p c cc xung chiu su thit k cn phi c mt lc thng c lc ma st bn ca cc v ph v cu trc ca lp t di mi cc. Lc p bng trng lng bn thn cc v lc p bng thy lc. Lc p cc ch yu do kch thy lc to ra. V d: Cc 300 x 300mm Cc c tit din 300x300, chiu di on cc C1=7m; on C2 v C3 = 8m Sc chu ti ca cc: Pcoc = PCPT = 79,215T m bo cho cc c p n su thit k, lc p ca my phi tha mn iu kin: Pep min 1,5Pcoc = 1,5 x 79,215 = 108,8T V ch nn s dng 0,8 0,9 kh nng lm vic ti a ca my p cc, cho nn ta chn my p thy lc c lc nn ln nht 120T Vy trng lng i trng mi bn: P Pep/2 = 120/2 =60T, dng mi bn 12 i trng b tng ct thp, trng lng mi khi nng 5T c kch thc 1x1x2m Nhng ch tiu k thut ch yu ca thit b p : + Chn ng knh piton thy lc du (thng dng 2 piton) : D=\sqrt{\frac{2P_{ep}}{\pi*P_{dau}}} border=0> + Ly Pdau = 150 kg/cm2 D=\sqrt{\frac{2P_{ep}}{\pi*P_{dau}}=\frac{2.120.10 00} {3,14.150}=22,57cm} border=0> Chn D=25cm Vi l = 1200mm, l l lch trnh ca piton thy lc

L lch my phi c cc bn c thm quyn kim tra kim nh cc c trng k thut Lu lng du ca my bm (lt/pht) p lc bm du ln nht (kg/cm2) Hnh trnh pittng ca kch (cm) Din tch y pittng ca kch (cm2) Phiu kim nh ng h o p lc du v cc van chu lc do c quan c thm quyn cp 9.6. Tnh s my p cc cho cng trnh T s lng cc cn p v nh mc ca my (theo M 24-2005), ta tnh ra s ca my cn thit cho vic thi cng cng trnh. Nu s ca my qu ln, ta c th chn tng s my p ln: 2 my, hoc 3 my... V d: tit din cc 250 x 250mm, tng s chiu di cc p 5000m, tra nh mc tit din cc 25x25cm v my p < 150T, nh mc l 3,05ca/100m cc Vy, s my cn thit : Vy, nu thi cng ton b s cc trn cn t nht 5 thng. Nu ta dng 2 my p cc th thi gian thi cng s gim xung 1/2. V s ngy cng cho 2 my: 77 ngy, sau khi c s ngy, s my th ta s thit k c s p cc chnh thc. 9.7. Tnh ton chn cu phc v p cc 10. Tin hnh p cc 10.1. Chun b mt bng thi cng v cc Vic b tr mt bng thi cng p cc nh hng trc tip n tin thi cng nhanh hay chm ca cng trnh. Vic b tr mt bng thi cng phi hp l cc cng vic khng b chng cho, cn tr ln nhau, gip y nhanh tin thi cng, rt ngn thi gian thc hin cng trnh. Cc phi c b tr trn mt bng sao cho thun li cho vic thi cng m vn khng cn tr my mc thi cng V tr cc cc phi c nh du sn trn mt bng bng cc ct mc chc chn, d nhn. Cc phi c vch sn cc ng trc s dng my ngm kinh v 10.1.1. Gic i cc trn mt bng Ngi thi cng phi kt hp vi ngi lm cng tc o c. Trn bn v tng mt bng thi cng phi xc nh y v tr ca tng hng mc cng trnh, ghi r cch xc nh li to , da vo cc mc chun c sn hay da vo mc quc gia, chuyn mc vo a im xy dng Thc hin cc bin php nh du trc mng, ch n mi dc taluy ca h mng 10.1.2. Gic cc trong mng Gic mng xong, ta xc nh c v tr ca i, ta tin hnh xc nh v tr cc trong i

 phn mng trn mt bng, ta xc nh c tim i nh cc im chun. Cc im ny c nh du bng cc mc Cng dy trn cc mc, ly thng bng, sau t tim o ra cc khong cch xc nh v tr tim cc theo thit k Xc nh tim cc bng phng php th cng, dng qu di th t cc giao im trn dy xc nh tim cc xc nh tim cc thc di t, nh du cc v tr ny 10.2. Cng tc chun b p cc Cc p sau nn thi im bt u p cc tu thuc vo s tho thun gia thit k ch cng trnh v ngi thi cng p cc Vn chuyn v lp rp thit b p cc vo v tr p m bo an ton Chnh my cc ng trc ca khung my, ng trc kch v ng trcj ca cc ng thng v nm trong mt mt phng, mt phng ny phi vung gc vi t phng chun nm ngang (mt phng chun i mng). nghing ca n khng qu 5% Kim tra 2 mc cu ca dn my tht cn thn kim tra 2 cht ngang lin kt dm my v lp dn ln b my bng 2 my Khi cu i trng, dn phi c k tht phng, khng nghing lch, kim tra cc cht vt tht an ton. Ln lt cu cc i trng ln dm khung sao cho mt phng cha trng tm 2 i trng trng vi trng tm ng th cc. Trong trng hp i trng t ngoi dm th phi k chc chn Dng cu t hnh cu trm bm n gn dn my, ni cc gic thu lc vo gic trm bm, bt u cho my hot ng Chy th my p kim tra n nh ca thit b (chy khng ti v c ti) Kim tra cc v vn chuyn cc vo v tr cc trc khi p 10.2.1. Kim tra cc chi tit ni cc v my hn Trc khi p cc i tr, phi tin hnh p lm th nghim nn tnh cc ti nhng im c iu kin a cht tiu biu nhm la chn ng n loi cc, thit b thi cng v iu chnh n thit k, s lng cn kim tra vi th nghim nn tnh l 1% tng s cc p nhng khng t hn 3 cc. 10.2.2. Chun b ti liu Phi kim tra loi b cc cc khng t yu cu k thut Phi c y cc bn bo co kho st a cht cng trnh, biu xuyn tnh, bn cc cng trnh ngm. C bn v mt bng b tr li cc trong khi thi cng C phiu kim nghim cp phi, tnh cht c l ca thp v b tng cc Bin bn kim tra cc H s thit b s dng p cc 10.3. Lp on cc u tin 10.3.1. Chun b

 on cc u tin phi c lp chnh xc, phi cn chnh trc ca C1 trng vi ng trc ca kch v i qua im nh v cc sai lch khng qu 1cm u trn ca cc c gn vo thanh nh hng ca khung my Nu on cc C1 b nghing s dn n hu qu ca ton b cc b nghing 10.3.2. Tin hnh thi cng p cc Khi y kch (hoc nh pittong) tip xc vi nh cc th iu chnh van tng dn p lc, nhng giy u tin p lc du tng dn u, on cc C1 cm su dn vo t vi vn tc xuyn 1m/s. Trong qu trnh p dng 2 my kinh v t vung gc vi nhau kim tra thng ng ca cc lc xuyn xung. Nu xc nh cc nghing th dng li iu chnh ngay. Khi u cc C1 cch mt t 0,3 0,5m th tin hnh lp on cc C2, kim tra v mt 2 u cc C2 sa cha sao cho tht phng. Kim tra cc chi tit ni cc v my hn. Lp on cc C2 vo v tr p, cn chnh ng trc cc C2 trng vi trc kch v trc on cc C1, nghing 1% Tc ng ln cc C2 1 lc to tip xc sao cho p lc mt tip xc khong 3 4kg/cm2 ri mi tin hnh ni 2 on cc theo thit k Lm tng t vi cc on cc sau 10.3.3. Thao tc p m Trong qu trnh p cc, khi p cc ti on cui cng, ta phi c bin php a u cc xung mt ct m no so vi ct t nhin. C th dng 2 phng php Phng php 1: Dng cc ph Dng mt cc BTCT ph c chi di ln hn chiu cao t nh c trong i n mt t t nhin mt on (1 1,5m) p h u cc xung cao trnh ct m cn thit. Thao tc: Khi p ti on cui cng, ta hn ni tip mt on cc ph di 2,5m ln u cc, nh du ln thn cc ph chiu su cn p xung khi p cc u cc s tng i u nhau, khng xy ra tnh trng nhp nh khng bng nhau, gip thi cng p u cc v lin kt vi i thun li hn. xc nh su ny cn dng my kinh v t ln mt trn ca dm thp ch I xc nh cao trnh thc t ca dm thp vi ct 0,00, tnh ton xc nh c chiu su cn p v nh du ln thn cc ph (chiu su ny thay i theo tng v tr mt t ca i m ta t dm thp ca my p cc). Tin hnh thi cng cc ph nhn cc chnh ti chiu su vch sn trn thn cc ph u im: khng phi dng cc p m nhng phi ch to th s mt di cc BTCT lm cc dn, thi cng xong s p i gy tn km, hiu qu kinh t khng cao. Phng php 2: Phng php p m Phng php ny dng mt on cc dn p cc xung ct m

thit k sau li rt cc dn ln p cho cc khc, cu to cc p m do cn b thi cng thit k v ch to. Cc p m c th l bng BTCT hoc thp V hnh trnh ca pitng my p ch p c cch mt t t nhin khong 0,6 0,7m, do vy chiu di cc c ly t cao trnh nh cc trong i n mt t t nhin cng thm mt on 0,7m l hnh trnh pitng nh trn, c th ly ra thm 0,5m na gip thao tc p d dng hn. u im: Khng phi dng cc ph BTCT, hiu qu kinh t cao hn, cc dn lc ny tr thnh cc cng c trong vic h cc xung ct m thit k. Nhc im: thao tc vi cc dn phi thn trng trnh lm nghing u cc chnh v cc dn ch lin kt khp tm thi vi u cc chnh (chp m u cc ln u cc). Vic thi cng nhng cng trnh c tng hm, su y i ln hn thi cng dn kh hn, khi p xong rt cc ln kh khn hn, nhiu trng hp cc p chnh b nghing. 10.4. Kt thc cng vic p cc Cc c coi l p xong khi tho mn 2 iu kin: di cc p vo t nn trong khong Lmin Lc Chiu Lmax Trong : Lmin , Lmax l chiu di ngn nht v di nht ca cc c thit k d bo theo tnh hnh bin ng ca nn t trong khu vc Lc l chiu di cc h vo trong t so vi ct thit k; Lc p trc khi dng trong khong (Pep)KT (Pep) min (Pep)max Trong : (Pep) min l lc p nh nht do thit k quy nh; (Pep)max l lc p ln nht do thit k quy nh; (Pep)KT l lc p ti thi im kt thc p cc, tr s ny c duy tr vi vn tc xuyn khng qu 1cm/s trn chiu su khng t hn ba ln ng knh ( hoc cnh) cc. Trng hp khng t 2 iu kin trn ngi thi cng phi bo cho ch cng trnh v thit k s l kp thi khi cn thit, lm kho st t b sung, lm th nghim kim tra c c s l lun s l. 10.5. Cc im cn ch trong thi gian p cc Vic ghi chp lc p theo nht k p cc nn tin hnh cho tng mt chiu di cc cho ti khi t ti (Pep)min, bt u t su ny nn ghi cho tng 20cm cho ti khi kt thc, hoc theo yu cu c th ca T vn, Thit k. Ghi chp lc p u tin khi mi cc cm su vo lng t t 0,3 0,5m th ghi ch s lc p u tin sau c mi ln cc xuyn c 1m th ghi ch s lc p ti thi im vo nht l p cc Nu thy ng h o p lc tng ln hoc gim xung 1 cch t ngt th phi ghi vo nht k p cc s thay i .

1.Xc nh gi ni v gi ngoi khc nhau nh th no ? Gi ni : L gi sinh ra trong lng cng trnh do s chnh lch p lc nhit v p lc kh ng bc ln mi. Gi ngoi : L gi t bn ngoi tc ng trc tip ln b mt ngoi kt cu moment cho khung lm un ct. 2.Khi tnh ti gi c cn tnh gi ng khng ? (c hai thnh phn gi tnh v gi ng) Tnh gi ng khi tnh cc cng trnh tr, thp, ng khi, ct in, thit b dng ct, hnh lang bng ti, cc gin gi l thin, cc nhf nhiu tng trn 40m, cc khung nh cng nghip mt tng mt nhp c cao trn 36m t s cao trn nhp ln hn 1,5 (iu 6.11 tiu chun VN 2737 1995) 3.Phng php kim tra thng ng ca nh khi thi cng ? C ba phng php kim tra Kim tra bng my kinh v, my dc quang hc : My kinh v : Sai s cho php l : 0.8 (mm/m) trong phm vi = 50 grad My dc quang hc : Sai s cho php l : 0.5 (mm/m) trong phm vi < 100m Thc o nghing : Sai s cho php l : 3(mm) < 2 (m) Qu di : Sai s cho php l : 3 (mm), cao t 2-6 (m) 4.u, khuyt im ca sn gch bng & sn panen ? u im : -Tho mn mt phn yu cu cng nghip ho sn xut & c gii ho thi cng, ch to, sn xut. -Nng cao c hiu sut lao ng, tng tc thi cng. -Tit kim c vn khun, nng cao cht lng cu kin, ci thin c iu kin lao ng ca cng nhn. -i vi sn gch bng c th m bo c cng ln v lin kt tt cho sn. Khuyt im : - cng khng bng sn ton khi, cho nn i vi sn panen cn c bin php gia c, nht l v tr gip ni. -i vi sn gch bng vn cn qu trnh thi cng t nn vn b hn ch v thi tit. 5.Hy nu cch chng nt vng ? Dng ho cht si ka dn kn khe nt, xy tay vng, p ra li nu khng x l c v khng cn kh nng lm vic.

6.Khi no dng sn panen, khi no dng sn ton khi ? Sn panen c dng cho mt bng c kch thc chun, c iu kin thi cng c gii thng dng trong cc nh cng nghip. Sn ton khi c dng cho cc loi nh c mt bng khng theo mt quy tc nht nh, nh hoc nh c yu cu c bit dng cho nh dn dng. 7.Trong nh lm vic 1 phng v 2 phng, kch thc ct lm vic th no cho hp l ? Chn kch thc ch nht, hnh vung, kch thc cnh ln theo phng c moment ln nht, hoc an ton ta c th chn ct vung kch thc ly theo moment ln nht. 8.Ti sao khi tnh ton phi tnh gi theo phng vung gc vi trc nh ? Khi tnh vung gc vi trc nh ti gi s ln nht, nu tnh nghing 1 gc th ti gi q phi nhn thm cho cos ( m cos < 1) p lc gi s nh i so vi gi tr ln nht. 9.Khi tnh ton nh cao tng trn nn t yu trnh dao ng bng cch no ? Ch yu l do ti trng ngang gy ra, v a cht cc l khoan phi dy c hn, d liu a cht ca tng h khoan phi y v chi tit hn. V vt liu nn s dng b tng mc cao, ct thp c cng cao. V kt cu : s dng cc kt cu chu lc nh khung vch cng, khung hp, li cng nhm gim bt dao ng ca cng trnh. 10.Khung thp cc nhi t n u th : (2/3; 1/5) ? Nu xt n kh nng chu un ca cc th khung thp ca cc ch cn t trong 2/3 chiu di trn mi cc v moment un gim dn, n 2/3 thn cc th moment ny tt dn. Nh vy vi kt cu ny khung thp ch t 2/3 thn cc trn th . Tuy nhin nu tnh n kh nng chu lc ca b tng trong cc th phn mi cc rt km ly do : -V b tng khng m c -B tng trn ln nhiu cn lng -Cn nhiu dung dch pentonie ng li trong cc. V nhng l do trn m ta a khung thp n tn mi cc ly cng ct thp b sung cho cng b tng v mi cc.

11.Hy nu quan nim cu to dm mng ? Quan nim tnh ton nh dm t trn nn n hi, ch yu l chu un cho nn dm c cu to nh cu kin chu un. Thng l tit din ch nht, ch T hoc ch T ngc. Nu dm ch T th ct dc c t 70% cho sn & 30% cho cnh ch T Thng b tr gn nm trn do : -iu kin thi cng -iu kin chu lc 12.Hy nu u khuyt im ca sn nm ? u im : Ch yu li dng c th tch gian phng tt hn, chiu cao cu to ca sn b, gim c chiu cao ca nh nhiu tng v vt liu lm tng kinh t hn Khuyt im : Tnh ton tng i phc tp. 13.Ti sao phi khng ch (min, max) ca dm & ct ? V nu t thp d ( tt > max) b tng ph hoi trc Ph hoi gin. V nu t thp d ( tt min), b tng & ct thp cng b ph hoi ph hoi do. 14.Tng chn chen kn trong khung c phi l vch cng khng ? Ti sao ? Tng chn chen kn trong khung khng phi l vch cng. V vch cng chu c cc ti trng ngang (do gi hoc cc chn ng), cn tng chn chen trong khung l bao che, khi tnh ton ta khng cn k n, n khng chu lc gi cng nh chn ng. Theo tiu chun ca mt s nc th nhng cu kin chu ti c xem l vch cng nu tho mn iu kin l v l 5t Trong : ht : Chiu cao ca tm ang xt t : Chiu dy ca tm ang xt l : Chiu di ca tm ang xt Vch cng ch chu ti trng ngang tc ng song song vi mt phng ca n. Nu tho mn c hai iu kin trn th vch c xem l vch cng. 15. cng ca sn c nh hng n s lm vic ca khung khng ? C nh hng ln n khung, v sn ngoi chc nng chu ti trng thng ng cn chc nng chu ti trng gi vo dm khung, lm gim moment, chuyn v ngang ca ct khung di

tc dng ca ti trng gi, phn b li ti trng gia kt cu chu lc thng ng. 16.Hy nu cch chn ct bin so vi ct trong ? L dn ti tnh ton li, sau tng tit din ln 5% (Trong khi tit din ct gia tng 10%) v t cnh ln theo phng chu moment. Xc nh s b kch thc tit din F = i vi ct bin khi chn kch thc tit din cn ch n mnh ca ct. 17.Hy nu s khc nhau gia vch cng chu lc v vch cng cu to ? Nhn xt g v vic s dng vch cng ? Vch cng chu lc l vch cng tham gia chu lc nhng khng thay i c v tr vch cng khng m rng c hoc thay i din tch phng. Vch cng cu to c th thay i c v tr m khng nh hng n s chu lc chung ca h thay i c din tch phng. Khi s dng vch cng th chu ti trng ngang tt (gi). 18.S n c nh hng th no n ni lc ca khung ? Gii quyt console nh th no khi gii khung bng my ? S n lm cho moment trong khung tng ln (moment m ngay gi & moment ct) Khi gii khung bng my console trong khung ta quy v moment t ti nt khung ca console hoc c th xem console l mt phn t gii hn gia hai nt. (Cch khc) S n ch nh hng n kt cu mang s n. Khi tnh bng my b qua ti s n truyn vo kt cu, sau khi gii ni lc bng my xong, tch kt cu mang s n ra gii ring nh mt cu kin chu un xon vi ti trng l moment phn b do s n gy ra. 19.Hy nu cch tnh cu thang xon (c ct gia) ? Bc thang tnh theo console (Bc c ring); Ct tnh theo cu kin chu nn un. 20.Cch thi cng sn gch bng ? Khi no nn lm sn nm ? B , y sn, Its gch bng, b st ph sau b tng. Khi cn khng gian th tch phng ln hn nh cng trnh cng cng.

21.Ti sao phi phn khi tnh h nc ? Nhm tnh ton phn ti trng truyn ln thnh (p lc gy ra trn thnh h) phn ti trng truyn thng xung y (Nu phn l a v mt phng tnh cho an ton v n gin). 22.Nh 15 tng c nn lm vch cng khng ? Ti sao ? Nh 15 tng nn lm vch cng, nu lm khung th khng c li bng vch cng (Tit din khung rt ln) gim din tch s dng, c chuyn v ln. V vch cng l vch chu ti trng, khung cng cng l khung chu ti trng. Lin kt gia chiu ngh v vch cng l lin kt khp. Vch cng thng c s dng cho cc cng trnh c chiu cao 20 tng. Nh cao 15 tng lm vch cng vn c, n s dng lm vch bung thang my. 23.Khong cch khe ln quy phm l bao nhiu ? Khong cch khe ln quy phm l > 24 (m). 24.Hy nu l do thay i kch thc ct ? L nhm mc ch tit kim vt liu, tit din hp l vi ti trng. 25.C th thay i mc b tng m vn gi nguyn kch thc ct c khng ? Trn l thuyt th c th nhng thc t th phi tnh ton li, thay i mc trong cng mt kt cu th thi cng phc tp. 26.Khi xc nh tim ct trn cao th ta phi lm g ? Khi xc nh tim ct trn cao th ta dng my, dy di & thc. 27.Khi tnh gi nu mt n gi so le th c nn xem l phng c khng ? Ta nn xem l phng v ta ch quan tm n mt cn gi vi p lc gi c vung gc hay khng. 28.Khi thay i tit din dm, nu tnh theo trc ca dm chnh (ln) th dm no khng an ton ? Dm nh, console. 29.Khi lin kt gia mng & kt cu bn trn th ta dng lin kt g ? V sao ? Khi lin kt gia mng & kt cu bn trn th ta dng lin kt

ngm l lin kt ti mng (Chn c ct). 30.Hy cho bit s khc nhau gia khung cng v vch cng ? Phng php tnh khung v vch cng ? Quan nim tnh ? Ti sao chn phng php khanzi ? Khung l mt h dm ct chu ni lc do ti trng cng trnh v ti gi gy ra Vch cng l vch chu ni lc do ti trng gy ra. Phng php chuyn v : phng php tnh bng my. Phng php lc. Tnh theo s n hi (trng thi 1). Chn phng php khanzi v tnh ton n gin, n c kh nng loi b c nhng sai lm trong tnh ton (Thc hin php lp) N l phng php chuyn v 31.Lm sao nhn bit c tit din c kh nng chu lc hay khng ? Khi gii bng my ? (Phn mm Steel) Khi tnh ton bng my ra thp nu c : -Du (*) t thp theo cu to -Du (!) Lng thp qu ln ( > 3%) -Du (!!) Phn t khng n nh Ta phi chn li tit din. 32.Ti sao ch giao nhau gia dm dc v dm ngang khng gia cng thp ? Ti sao phi t ai dy ? V ch giao nhau gia dm dc & dm ngang chu lc cc b ln do dm ph truyn vo dm chnh. trnh s ph hoi ca b tng t gc di y dm ph tr xung theo tit din nghing, ta thng s dng ct treo hoc c th t ct ai dy 2 bn dm ph. Nu ct ai c kh nng chu lc ct do ti trng dm ph truyn vo th ta khng cn t ct treo. t ai dy v trnh ph hoi theo tit din nghing (Hay cn gi l chng ct). ai gia cng t gi n lc tp trung u tin t trong khong 33.Hy nu phng php tnh cu thang ? Khi tnh cu thang tnh theo dm n gin (Hai u khp). Quan nim tnh theo s n hi (Phng php tnh cu thang theo kt cu h tnh nh). Ni lc ln. H siu tnh tnh theo s do B tr ni lc s khc. 34.Nu cc loi khe bin dng trong cng trnh & s lm vic ca n ? C hai loi khe l khe nhit & khe ln. Khe nhit : S chnh lch nhit ca cc kt cu cng cao

th ni lc pht sinh cng ln. trnh s pht sinh ni lc do nhit gy nn ta phi lm khe nhit . Khe nhit tch ri cng trnh t mi n g mng, b rng khe t 2-3 cm; khong cch gia cc khe > 35m. Khe ln : -Cng trnh qu di, ti trng cng trnh phn b tng i khc nhau, chnh lch v chiu cao > 10m. -Gii php mng trong mt cng trnh buc phi chn khc nhau v tnh cht ca t nn thay i qu nhiu hoc t nn chu ti khng u. -V tr tip gip gia nh c v nh mi Khe cu to. Tch ring cng trnh t mng n mi thnh cc phn ring bit; B rng khe ln t 2-3 cm, khe ln thng nm ch tip gip ca hai ngi nh c s tng khc nhau, nhng ch c s thay i r rt v a tng. 35.Khi no dng lin kt cng ? khi no dng lin kt khp ? Dng lin kt cng khi kt cu l mt h siu tnh. Dng lin kt khp khi kt cu l mt h tnh nh. 36.Ti sao dng cc nhi m khng dng cc p ? V cc nhi s dng c tt cho cng trnh chu ti trng ln ng thi s dng tt cho cng trnh c nn t yu. 37.Dng mng cc gii quyt vn g ch yu ? Hn ch c bin dng ln c tr s ln, bin dng khng ng u ca t nn, m bo n nh khi c ti trng ngang tc dng, rt ngn thi gian thi cng, gim bt vt liu xy dng. 38.Ep cc khi no khng cn p tnh ? Khi cng trnh ngoi vi thnh ph khng nh hng n xung quanh. 39.Xc nh mng trn nn t, khc nhau nh th no ? Khi no phi thit k mng bng theo hai phng ? Xc nh mng trn nn t l da vo ti tiu chun tnh ton, theo trng thi gii hn II Bin dng ln. Xc nh mng trn nn t l da vo ti tnh ton, kim tra theo trng thi gii hn I Cng (Khng cn tnh ln) Khi ti trng ln, nn t yu th ta thit k mng bng theo hai phng. 40.Nh nhiu tng trn nn t yu trnh giao ng bng cch no ?

Khi tnh ton ta chn trng hp bt li nht, h s an ton cao Khng kinh t. Cch ly cng trnh vi nhng dao ng do tc ng ngoi. Khi tnh theo s phng th ta chn phng no c dao ng ln tnh. 41.Khi tnh mng hp th da vo vn g ? Khi tnh mng hp th da vo biu ni lc ca kt cu m tnh. 42.Cc nhi khc vi cc khoan nhi nh th no ? Cch xc nh sc chu ti ca mi cc ? Lm sao kim tra cht lng cc nhi v cc khoan nhi ? Cc nhi l cc BTCT c vo mt ng thp bt y t ti ch bng cch ng (p t) v thu li c sau khi b tng. Cc khoan nhi l cc c thi cng bng cch khoan ly t ra sau t lng thp v b tng chim ch t ly ra. - Cc nhi th xc nh sc chu ti theo cng ca t v vt liu - Cc khoan nhi th xc nh sc chu ti theo cng ca vt liu. kim tra ta thng s dng : -Thm d ng cht lng cc mng bng phng php ting vng m (di m) -Thm d cc v vch cc bng phng php siu m truyn qua -Thm d cc v vch cc bng phng php tia Gamma truyn qua (Phng php ni tri hn cc phng php khc) -Cn mt vi phng php khc nh phng php tr khng c hc 43.Khi chn tit din cc da trn c s no ? Ti sao ? Trnh t thit k cc ? Chn tit din cc da trn chiu su chn cc (Chiu di cc), cng sut, thit b vn chuyn v ng cc. Ngoi ra chiu di tit din, cng vt liu & ct thp dc c quan h cht ch vi nhau. Trnh t thit k cc sau khi xc nh ti trng truyn xung mng : -Chn vt liu lm cc v kt cu cc. -Chn chiu su t i cc da vo iu kin a cht. -Xc nh sc chu ti ca cc. -Xc nh s b kch thc i cc -Xc nh s lng cc (Ti trng k thm t ph trn i v i cc) -Cu to & tnh ton i cc

-Kim tra lc tc dng ln cc phi < sc chu ti ca cc. -Kim tra lc tc dng ln nn t. -Kim tra ln ca mng cc. -Xc nh chi thit k ca cc. -Kim tra cc khi vn chuyn v cu lp. 44.Phng php ng cc & ng cc khoan nhi khc nhau nh th no ? ng cc l dng my p hoc ng xung nn t. Khoan nhi l khoan ly t ln to l, sau t ct thp & b tng. 45.Th no l nn Winkler ? u v khuyt im ? Nn Winkler gi thit l ti mi im ( mt y) ca dm trn nn n hi, cng ca ti trng (R) t l bc nht vi ln (S) ca nn ( ln ny bng vng ca dm s = y) Vy R, C, Y (X) vi C l h s nn. -Nn Winkler cn gi l nn n hi bin dng cc b. -M hnh l dy v s l xo lm vic c lp vi nhau. u im :n gin, tin dng trong tnh ton, thit k gn ng vi thc t c dng nhng nn t yu, rt yu. Nhc im : -Khng phn nh c tnh phn b hay lin h c ca t nn v t c tnh ma st trong nn khi chu ti trng cc b th t c th li ko hay gy ra nh hng cc vng ln cn (ngoi phm vi t ti) cng lm vic chung. -Khi nn ng nht th ti trng phn b u lin tc trn dm, th theo m hnh ny dm s ln u v khng bin dng, nhng thc ra khi ti trng tc dng phn b u th dm vn b un (vng) gia nn nh hng xung quanh nhiu hn ln nhiu hn nhng u dm. -Khi mng tuyt i cng, ti trng t i xng th mng s ln u theo m hnh ny ng sut y mng s phn b u nhng theo o c thc t th ng sut cng phn b khng u. -H s nn C c tnh cht quy c khng r rng, C khng l mt hng s. 46.Hy nu trnh t thi cng cc nhi ? Khi no khng cn kim tra xuyn thng ? nh v tr ng, cao . Chun b my p. Tin hnh nhi b tng. Rt ng ln Khong cch gia hai cc l 3d & 6d; vi d l ng knh ln

nht ca cc. Nu b tr b hn th biu p lc mt phng mi cc gia cc mi cc chng ln nhau v sc chu ti ca nhm cc s nh hn tng sc chu ti ca mi cc Neo cc vo i cc : -Chiu su cc ngm trong i 15cm -Thp neo vo i cc : 25cm 30 thp chu lc (thp gn) 40 thp chu lc (thp trn) Cc cch qu xa vi mp i khng c nh hn 0,7d v 25cm v nh th n s xy ra hin tng xuyn thng i. Khng cn kim tra m thng khi gc gia cc bin (mp ngoi cc) vi cnh ct < 45o hay ni cch khc thp chc thng ph ngoi cc bin 47.Dng cch no kim tra su cc ? Trc khi ng cc ta vch nhng mc thc sn, khi ng nhn vo kim tra. 48.Cc BTCT ng t trong ra ngoi hay t ngoi vo trong ? Khi ng th ta ng theo hnh xon c t trong ra ngoi. 49.Khi no cn tnh chi ? Khi cn kim tra kh nng chu tc dng ca ti trng cng trnh (Nu chi thc t < chi thit k th cc c kh nng chu c tc dng ca ti trng; Nu chi thc t > chi thit k th cn b sung hoc thit k li cc trong mng) Lu : chi thit k v cao trnh thit k 50.Cc di vch cng & di mng c khc nhau khng ? Mng nh th no c xem l mng tuyt i cng ? Khng khc nhau v cch lm vic ca cc nh nhau Mng c xem l tuyt i cng l khi mng khng hon ton chu un (mng cng l mng chu un rt t hay ni cch khc l rt nh)

CU HI BO V N TT NGHIP

1. Nguyn tc b tr cn trc thp ? +vi xa nht v cc pha. +khong cch an ton. 2. B tr gi trong i nh th no di chuyn t ?tu tng cng trnh 3. Trng hp cht ti Mmax gia nhp dm ? cht lch nhp

4. Chn lc p cc khi thi cng ? + [ P ] =MAX [P , Pvl ] , m bo (1.5 2 ) Pdk. + Hin nay c my p c (100 120 ) tn . Chn gi p Q gi s di chuyn. 5. C s tch ra khung phng tnh ? + Khi A>2B , cng theo phng dc ln hn . + Mt bng hnh ch nht . + Ti trng tc dng . + S bc ct , cng . 6. Chn lc p khi thi cng ? tu a cht cng trnh 7. Chng minh kt qu chy trn SAP90 l ng ? + Kim tra qua file d liu . + Kim tra ti trng tc dng . + Kim tra biu m men . + Kim tra cc nt .cn bng lcl 8. t o i u ? Phng n trong cng tc t ? tu phng n thi cng 9. Ti sao dng gio thp ? tu phng n 10. Tc dng ca ct ai trong ct ? + n nh thanh dc khi chu lc ,n nh khi thi cng. + Chng co ngt BT . + Chu lc ct . + Gim chiu di tnh ton ca thanh ct thp . 11. Thp trong i t trn hay di ? Cao trnh ngm phi o , khng phi xy . 12. Ct t nhin v ct 0.00 c trng nhau hay khng ? tu 13. t gi cho cc gc ? Tnh t mp dm di v NNN ln . 14. Mch dng b tng sau khi hon thin phn ngm ? Mch dng t cao hn mt t t nhin 20 30 CM . 15. Bin php b tng nt ? 16. Bin php p u cc khi b jkfjfjfjf BT ? 17. Gii php cu to b khi thi cng khng gay nt b ? B c my y ? 18. Ct thp cn t ti mi cc khng ? 19. Gi thnh dy hay mng ? th no tt hn ?

20. Phn bit nt khung nh thp tng vi nh cao tng ? nh cao tng , ct thp nt t nhiu hn v c neo ct thp . 21. S tnh ton ca 1 dm trong hkgjjkgkj dm trc giao ? 22. S lm vic khc nhau ca hai gc cu thang ? ko, nn 23. H s nhm cc ? (Sch gio khoa Nn & Mng ) . 24. Phn chia khu vc thi cng ? Thi gian tho vn khun cho dm ? -- Tho vn khun cn c vo nhp dm : + nhp > 8 m : t 100% + nhp < 8 m : t 75% -- Thi gian tho vn khun , ct chng khng ph thuc vo mc BT m ph thuc vo loi XM , tnh cht kt cu , mi trng . 25. Dm trc giao lm vic nh dm lin tc nhng tnh ton nh l dm n gin ? 26. Ch g khi thi cng mng li (lng thang my ) v mng ct ? 27. Ch ra 1 cc p th ? 28. Tnh ct thp cho li khi c ni lc ? (khi c M th suy ra N v c cnh tay n ) . 29. Tm cng tng ng ca khung? (Quy v thanh cng sn , cho ti = 1tc dng theo phng ngang vo u thanh \ tm ra cng tng ng ). 30. Chuyn v ca vch ? (Ct chim u th i vi vch . Khung un chim u th ). 31. Gii thch khng cch ct ai trn chiu di cc ? ( on u , on cui t dy ). 32. Gii php cu to cho sn panen tr thnh cng ? 33. Tnh n nh ca ct khi chiu cao ct ln ? ( Kim tra n nh ct theo mnh : ct trn theo BK [ ] =120 , ct vung [ ] =30 ) . 34. Trng hp cht ti cho khung phng v khng gian ? ( Khung khng gian cht ti lch ).khung phng cht lch nhp

35. Tnh ton VK khc nhau khi bng bm , th cng , cn trc ? Khi bm BT st l bao nhiu ? ( 12 cm ). 36. Thi gian lp vn khun dm sn sau khi tho (lp ) VK ct ? 37. Cch phn on cc ? 38. Cch tnh ra my p v i trng ? 39. S lng vn khun chu lc v khng chu lc ? 40. La chn KT cu kin ca khung ? ( Cn c vo nhp dm , chiu cao ct ,tti trng ). 41. Vn khun t tit din trn TD vung v neo ct thp gia hai phn ct ? (Ko CT t ct vung bn trn xung ct trn di ). 42. D D Bentonite ? (Gi cho mc D D Bentonite ln hn mc nc ngm (khong ) ti thiu l 2 m to mng ). 43. B tr mt bng mng ? 44. Tnh tng th th sn lm vic vi khung , nhnh tnh thp cho sn th tch ring ? (Sn tnh theo s khp do , n hi (khu WC ) hoc s dm gi to khi vng ln ). 45. C s tnh tin ? 46. Mng c hai ct ly ti trng ? ( Chuyn ti trng v trng tm tit din i cc ; T hp ni lc ; a v dm n gin c hai gi ta l hai ct ) . 47. Ct thp m ca sn c tc dng ? ( vn ra ?) .ch m men m 48. Bn c KT khc nhau th M- khc nhau yh gii quyt ? ( gi ) .hin tng treo m men 49. H thng gio hai bn nh ? ( Ch dng khi hon thin ) . 50. Dm chiu ti , chiu ngh ? ( Tnh theo s siu tnh c ti tp trung gia ) . 51. Dm conson ? ( C chiu cao TD h = 1/6 l ) . 52. Dng s mng ? ( Khi chia nhiu phn on ) . 53. Hng ct no chu ti trng max c t vch cng ? 54. Tnh MOMEN cho khung c k n nh hng ca li cng ?

55. Khi h < 60 cm ( chiu cao dm ) th dng thanh chng xin c hp l khng ? 56. Mt bng ch nht ti sao tnh khung phng ? 57. Ngh khi mng ? (V tr dng ging nh bn sn ) . 58. Cht ti ng ln 2 khung vung gc ? ( Tnh ti phn cho dm ; hot ti lch tng , nhp Tnh khung khng gian ). 59. S tnh khung ? ( Trc nh v nm 1 2 Hdm ) . 60. Ct thp chu lc ca cu thang ? 61. Ct thp ti ch tip gip 2 ct c TD thay i ? 62. Ly ti trng cho vch cng ? 63. Ging mng : Tnh thp ; Cn c chn chiu cao ? ( trang 186 BTCT ) . 64. Ti sao thi cng theo PP dy chuyn ? (tctc) 65. Xc nh v tr ct theo 2 phng t tng 1 n tng trn cng ? 66. nh du tim ct ch no sau nhiu nm vn xc nh c ? ng inh trn ct cch chn ct mt khong 10cm 67. Lm th no khi BT th chiu dy sn khng i ?nh du ct thp ct sau cng dy 68. Sc chu ti ph hoi ca cc ph thuc yu t g ? 69. Mng ch L ch tip gip gia hai n nguyn ? 70. Ti sao tnh thp i xng ?tu tng cng trnh 71. Ti sao li t mt i bng mt ging ? 72. Nguyn tc chn cp ni lc tnh thp ? nguy him nht 73. Chn ni lc t hp no ?phi so snh 74. Ti sao khng dng MICROFEAP cho khung ca nh 5 6 tng ?khng tnh lc dc dm 75. B tr ct thp ch tip gip M- v M+ ( bn sn ) ? 76. Di chuyn my p cc ? 77. V tr mch ngng theo phng ngang v ng ? 78. Dn gio trt cng tc sn khng ? 79. B nc trn mi tnh ng hay tnh ? ( Tnh theo hot ti ) . 80. Tc dng ct dc trong cc ? 81. Cch rt ngn tin thi cng ? ( Ch h s khng iu ho ) .

82. Ct thp trong cc nhi su bao nhiu ? 83. Cc chu ko khi no ? ( cc ng ) . 84. C th thi cng cc khoan nhi c ng knh 400 ? 85. Ct trn khc ct vung ? ( Cu to ct thp ; Ct trn chu nn t trong ra ) . 86. H thng nh v khi thi cng vn khun trt ? 87. Khng ch tc ng cng ca BT ? 88. Cch khc phc s tnh so vi lm vic thc t ? ( Tnh hai khung vung gc vi nhau ) . 89. Khi thit k n th phn kin trc lu g ?t bn 90. im xa nht t ca ca cng trnh ti cu thang ?30m 91. Ging mng t trn hay di cch no c li ? 92. Ti sao dn thp cht ti 1 / 2 dn ? 93. Lm th no th c ni lc cho tng bn ?trv ht tnh mt sau da vo m men tnh tip 94. Din tch tnh ton dng tit din g ? 95. Tit din thp cc nhi ? 96. Chiu di p u cc nhi ?thng >0.5m 97. Cch neo dm dc bin vo khung ngang ? 98. Gii php a va BT ln trn tng thi cng khi my bm khng th a ti ? 99. Gii quyt khi nh cao thp khng b gy ? ( Thi cng phn ln trc phn nh sau ; Tng chiu su ng cc ) 100. Vi p trc th bin php no tng tin thi cng ? 101. Ti sao khng thay th tit din ca khung bn cnh vi khung ct ra ? ( cng tng th nhau cc khung lm vic c lp ) . 102. u im s dy chuyn so vi s ngang ? 103. Li thp t ti gc lng cu thang ? ( t li thp do : ng sut tp trung ; ng sut ti gc ln hn ; Thanh thp nganng i vo li ) . 104. Yu t chn chiu dy sn ? nh gi tnh hp l ? + Yu t chn l : Nhp 1 / 40 1 / 45 L ; Ti trng . + nh gi qua hm lng thp . ++ Nh bao che vng cho php l 0.35 mm . gim vng th : Tng thp ; Tng chiu dy bn ( thng dng ) .

105. Dn : H ging , cch tnh ni lc , lp gip ? 106. Chiu di nh bao nhiu th cn khe ln ? 107. S tnh ton cho bn sn ? Ti sao ? S tnh theo n hi hay khp do ph thuc : + Kch thc ca bn . + Ti trng tc dng . + Mi trng lm vic . ( Phn ct m ko ra theo nhp b ). 108. Ti trng tnh ton y dm chnh ? 109. BT bng cch bm dm ( m khng gy lc tc ng ) ? 110. Ti trng truyn vo dm ph ? T ti tam gic qui v u da trn nguyn tc g ? cn bng m men ni luc khng thay i 111. Tnh ging i mng nh th no ? S tnh ging cng ngn th thp ln hay cng cao th thp ln ?u sai 112. Cch a tim ct ln cao ? 113. Kim tra dy sn ? 114. Chiu dy tng thang my , ti sao thay i b dy bn trong m khng bn ngoi ?do mi trng 115. Chn day ln tng BT ca thang my ? 116. Khi cc b p ht 20 cm so vi i th lm sao ? tng tit din i ln 117. Cc ct hng ngoi cng th bin php VK , BT khc g ct trong ? 118. C s chn khung tnh ton ? 119. Cch chia ti ngang cho li thang my ? 120. Gii thch s dy chuyn ph hoi s cng ngh ? 121. Kim tra n nh cc b ti ch tip gip ct v dm khi EJc EJd ? . ( Kim tra chc thng ) . 122. Kim tra VK nh hnh ? ( Khng cn kim tra VK nh hnh ) . 123. Lin kt h vch khung thng qua g ? ( LK vch v khung qua sn ; LK vch v sn qua gi ) . 124. Chn ba ng cc ? ( iu kin k thut v MB thi cng ) . 125. Cch gim trong lng dm BT ?

126. Chng xoay cho sn cng tc ?neo 127. H thng nh v khi thi cng vn khun trt ? 128. Kim tra n nh cho khung khng gian ( Cc b v tng th )? Kim tra cc b vi thanh chu nn . 129. S lc ca nt ? 130. Gi thit khi tnh ton dn ? 131. Bin php ghp VK v BT lng cu thang my ? Ghp 1/ 2 tng v : Chiu cao ln ; jfhhdhdhdh 132. Gim tit din dm ? ( ni lc trong ct tng ) .v ni lc phn b theo cng 133. Tnh VK i cc v ti trng tc dng ? ( Ti trng BT + m ; Tnh b dy + khong cch np ng ) . 134. Khi no dng p cc ? ( t lc p thit k ) . 135. Ni lc trong tng chn ? Ti trng tnh ton vi b ngm ? ( Ti trng bn thn + hot ti / nu c ; p lc t + nc ; p lc nc ngm ; ch kim tra y ni khi thi cng v trt b ) . 136. Lin kt khp gia thnh v np b ? Cu to l nt cng trnh nt v noc ngm i vo b ; Tnh ton l khp do thin v an ton . 137. Thp t cho ca b ? gim ng sut ko chnh . 138. Kim tra ni lc ? 139. Di chuyn my p cc ? 140. V tr mch ngng theo phng ngang v ng ? 141. Sn gio trt cng tc sn hay khng ? 142. Chiu di thp m bn cu thang ? 143. Phn bit cu to nt khung nh cao tng v thp tng ? 144. Ti sao s lm vic cc n tt hn nhm cc ? 145. phn chia khu vc b tng ? 146. Gii thch cu to ct thp nt ? 147. i cc lm vic th pht sinh ni lc g ? chu un v nn do ct gay ra ) . 148. Bin php p u cc ( yu cu k thut ) ? 149. Nghuyn tc b tr cn trc thp ? 150. t y i bng y dm ? c li l : phi o ; phi xy .

151. Ch ra trng hp MOMEN dm l ln nht khi t ti cch tng , cch nhp ? 152. Phng n thi cng t ? 153. Tc dng ca ct ai trong ct ? Gi ct dc khi thi cng v khi chc lc;; Gim chiu daid tnh ton ct . 154. Cc gc nh th t gi nh th no trng trng hp i trng lch ? 155. Lm sao c tin cy ca kt qu tnh ton ? 156. Ti sao ct ai ct b tr u nhau cn dm th khc ? ct ch yu chu lc dc ,cn dm chu lc ct 157. Ti sao chn gii php khung nh vy ? C bao nhiu gii php tnh khung trong nh ? 158. Nh mt s thng s chn tit din ct , dm ? 159. B nc trn mi tnh ng hay tnh ? 160. Ti sao thay dm gi to cho khp do ? 161. Phng php chng vch h o ? u im ? PP : ng chng ; Gu xon ; Phn tun hon . 162. Cch kim tra ni lc phn t nh gi l ng ? 163. Tc dng ca ct dc trong cc ? 164. H thng kt cu khi nh c chiu cao cc phn khc nhau ? 165. Phn phi ti ngang vo khung v li ?hteo cng 166. Ti trng tnh ra ct thp li ? Ti ngang phn phi theo cng ; Ti ng phn phi qua bn sn ; cng ca vach stheo hai phng . 167. Thi cng di h o ? 168. Ti sao lm s ngang , khng phi s dy chuyn khi nh c khong cch lp li ? 169. Khi nao t ct thp i xng trong ct ? khi lch tm khng ln 170. Thp trong cc nhi su bao nhiu ? 171. C s chn khung tnh ? 172. Cch chia ti ngang cho li thang my ? 173. Hin tng tri ct thop trong cc nhi ? Bin php khc phc ? 174. Ti sao khng dng hn hi trong ni CT trong cc khoan nhi ? ctthp cng cao 175. Phng php BT cc khoan nhi ?

CC KHOAN NHI
176. Ct thp cn t ti mi cc khng ? ( L = ? ) ? 177. Dung dch BENTONITE ? 178. C th thi cng cc khoan nhi c DK 400 c khng ? 179. Din tch thp cc nhi ? Hm lng bng bao nhiu ? 180. Chiu di p u cc nhi ? 181. Khi cc p ht 20 cm so vi i th lm sao ? 182. Tc dng ct dc trong cc ? KT cc nhi : + K : D = 1.2 m + Chiu di : L = 45 m ( tnh t mt t t nhin ) + DT thn cc : m2 + DT ct thp : = 1.5 % As = 117.8 cm 2 . 183. Hin tng tri CT trong cc nhi , cch gii quyt ? 184. Ti sao khng dng hn hi trong vic ni cc khoan nhi ? 185. Ti trng nn tnh ti a khi kim tra sc chu ti cc ? Tnh theo tiu chun no ? S cc th nghim v xc nh tr s cc ny ? 186. Vi cc chu nn lch tm th kim tra sc chu ti nh th no ? 187. Trong PP kim tra cc bng PP siu m : KT loi ngphi50 , vt liu ngnha , chiu su t ng n dy? Trong ng c nc khng :c ng v ng vi li thp :vng ? 188. Trng hp c tng hm : c cn t ct thp n cao trng mt t t nhin khng ?( BT ) 189. Tng quan gia DK cc v DK ng ? 190. H gi ng ? * i trng 5; 5.5 ; 6.2 T kch thc 1.1 m * khi p cc KC ti thiu t trc cc n mp CT ln cn l 70 cm * p c th phi p chm hoc dng c

* Mp x g cch mp trong dm 250 * 130 150 m3 / ca

kin trc
-Tn cng trnh..Chc nng ca cng trnh lm g?Quy m v din tch s dng,v cng sut (s phng khch, hoc s phng hc,s hc sinh, hoc khi lng lng sn phm /nm.. ) -V tr cng trnh, hng cc mt ng. 4 huo -Chc nng cc tng. Cc phng,khu khc..V tr khu Wc ph hp cha? -Giao thng ca cc phng trong tng, giao thng ca cc tng trong nh bng giI php g ?.Bin php thot ngi khi c ho hon hp l cha?. -GiI php thot nc mI, nc thI cc tng xung tng 1. -GiI php thng gi, chiu sng t nhin hay nhn to?.Gii php c chn hp l cha?.kt hp

kt cu
-H kt cu chu lc chnh ca cng trnh l g? TI sao lI chn h kt cu ny?khung li vch -Khi no th tch c khung phng trong khi khung khng gian ra tnh? -S tnh khung phng, tit din ngm chn ct u mt trn ca i?, chiu dI ca ct, dm a vo tnh ton ly nh th no?. -Tit din dm ct chn ph thuc vo g? TI sao lI m rng tit din dm ct theo phng mt phng un? -Chiu dy bn ph thuc vo yu cu g? cI g nh gi s hp l ca chiu dy bn?. -Cc tI trng tc dng vo khung phng ang tnh? -Th no l tnh tI, th no l hot tI? -Din tch truyn tI trng ln dm ct? -Cch xc nh tng loI tI trng phn b, tp trung tc dng ln dm.

-Cch xc nh tI trng phn b ln ct, tp trung tI nt khung. -TI sao phI xc nh khung chu tc dng ca tng trng hp tI trng tc dng ( tnh tI, hot tI ng 1, hot tI ng 2, gi trI, gi phi.. ) -TI sao phI tnh ni lc khung vi tng trng hp tI trng tc dng. -Dn ton b tI trng vo tnh ni lc khung mt ln c c khng. -Nguyn tc phn phi tI trng gi cho khung, li, vch ( ly h kt cu c tnh trnh by ). -Th no l cng tng i theo tng, cng tuyt i ca khung. -Cch xc nh cng ca li, vch. -Cch xc nh cng ca khung so vi cng ca li, vch. -Th no l tm cng? L im m hp lc ca ni lc ch gay ra chuyn v ngang m khng gy chuyn v xoay -Cch xc nh tm cng. Btct2 -Phn bit ni, ngoI lc. -Ni lc ch yu trong dm(M,Q) ct.(M,N) -Ni dung u, nhc Im khi xc nh ni lc theo phng php: +Lc +Chuyn v. +Gn ng (Cross). +ng dn ( Kali ) +Im khng m men. -Khi tnh ni lc bng my (dng chng trnh c sn) s liu a vo gm nhng g? -C th dng cch no kim tra c s liu s b a vo l ng? -Ch r trng thI ni lc ca phn t tm: (un trong mt phng tm, un ngoI mt phng tm). -Mc ch vic t hp ni lc. -Dm cn t hp ni lc g? tit din no? -Ct cn t hp ni lc g? tit din no? -Chiu dI tnh ton ca ct. -Khino tnh ct thp i xng cho ct?

-Chc nng ca ct dc chu lc, ct dc cu to. -Chc nng v cu to ct ai trong ct. -Chc nng v cu to ct ai trong dm. -Chc nng v cu to ca thp chu lc, thp cu to trong bn. -Phn bit nhp tnh ton ca dm khi tnh ni lc theo s khp do, theo s n hi. -Chc nng ca: +Ct thp treo.chu lc cc b +on ni chng ct thp. +Ct ai b tr dy trong on ni ct thp ct. +on ko dI ct thp dc chi ko W. -Cch tnh ton ct thp cho li thang my. -Tnh ct thp vi ni lc theo s khp do, ni lc theo s n hi c g khc nhau?. u dng trng thi gii hn -Ly tI trng no tnh mng? -TI sao lI chn phng n mng nng, phng n mng cc. -Chiu dI cc chn ph thuc vo g? -Tit din cc chn ph thuc vo g? bng bao nhiu phn ca chiu dI cc?. -Mc BT chn ph thuc vo g? -Tc dng ca ct thp dc trong cc. -Tc dng ca ct ai, li thp gia c u cc, thp bn bao u cc. -Phn tch s lm vic ca cc nt khung gy khc. Cu to ct thp cho tng loI khung nh trn. -Cch kim tra vn chuyn, cu lp cc. -I cc chu ni lc g. phn lc -Mt thp m thng ca I cc di 1 ct. -Lc gy m thng. -Chc nng v cch tnh ton cc loI ct thp trong I cc. -Lc ct trong bn, trong I cc cI g chi? -Ly ng sut u tnh ln. -ng sut gy ln do tI trng g gy ra. -TI sao tnh ln theo phng php cng ln tng lp m khng tnh 1 lp. -Cch tnh ton I cc di 2 ct. -Thp m thng ca I cc di 2 ct.

-Nguyn tc v cc bc tnh ton panen hp, panen sn? -Chc nng ca cc thp trong panen. -TI sao lI tnh b rng khe nt, vng . -B rng khe nt ph thuc vo nhng g l c bn? -Chiu su ca gi ta ca dm ln tng, ct ph thuc vo g? bng khong bao nhiu? -Chn chiu dy sn nm ph thuc vo yu cu g?chc thng -Cch tnh ni lc mmem ca sn nm.

B sung : 1.Ct thp t trong cc khoan nhi tnh ton hay t theo cu to ?iu kin ct thp chu lc ntn? Ct ai vng b tr nh th no khong cch loi thp .Ti sao phi dng khoan cc nhi ? 2.T i ?tra nh mc ntn ? 3.t thp trong cc khoan nhi ntn? 4.

Chc bo v tt