102 Cau Van Dap

CNG 102 CU BO HIM
BAN SON THO: ANH 1 K46 - FTU

CH
VN BN NY CH MANG TNH CHT THAM KHO
PHN TR LI L PHN CHNH, PHN NOTE V COMMENT GIP MI
NGI CHUN B TT HN CC TNH HUNG B HI VN
CC CU TR LI C TH CN CHA CHNH XC V Y , USER C TH
T CHNH SA NI DUNG NU THY B SAI V THIU.
VN BN NY C LP CNG VI SLIDE V GIO TRNH, TR GIP CC
BN TRONG QU TRNH HC 102 CU HI CNG BO HIM
MC LC CUI TI LIU, MI NGI TIN THAM KHO
NHM SON THO
ANH 1- K46 - FTU
CC THNH VIN SON THO
1. MAI CU 1-7 CHNG I
2. NGA CU 8-14 CHNG I
3. MINH PHNG CU 1-7 CHNG II
4. H LINH CU 8-14 CHNG II
5. HUYN CU 15-21 CHNG II
6. NGC CU 22-28 CHNG II
7. TRANG CU 29-35 CHNG II
8. HNG CU 36-42 CHNG II
9. BI HUYN CU 43-49 CHNG II
10. TUN I CU 50-52 CHNG II + 1-4 CHNG III
11. THIN CU 5-9 CHNG III + 1-2 CHNG IV
12. KIN CU 4-10 CHNG IV
13. BNH CU 11-14 CHNG IV + 1-3 CHNG V
14. LAN ANH CU 4-10 CHNG V
15. SN CU 11-13 CHNG V
MANAGE & EDIT HNG
REVIEW: MI NGI
AI C KHIU NI P N CU NO B SAI TH LIN H TRC TIP VI
NGI SON THO KHIU NI NH
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ANH 1 K46 FTU Page 1
cng Bo him CH NG I KHI QUT CHUNG V BO HIM
CHNG I KHI QUT CHUNG V BO HIM
Cu 1: Cc bin php i ph vi ri ro m con ngi p dng?
1. Trnh ri ro:
- Trnh ri ro tc l khng lm mt vic g qu mo him, khng chc chn.
- Nhc im: Bin php ny lm con ngi ta lc no cng s st khng dm lm vic
g => khng thu c kt qu g.
2. Ngn nga hn ch ri ro:
- Bin php ny th hin vic cc cng ty, cc c nhn dng nhng bin php
phng, ngn nga, hn ch ri ro v hu qu ca n, v d: h thng phng chy
cha chy, h thng chng trm, cc bin php an ton lao ng...
- Nhc im: Bin php ny cng ko ngn nga c ht ri ro xy ra.
3. T khc phc ri ro:
- Bin php ny th hin vic cc cng ty, c nhn d tr mt khon tin nht nh
khi c ri ro xy ra th dng khon tin b p khc phc hu qu (bin
php t bo him).
- Nhc im:
Khng phi t chc hay c nhn no cng c sn tin d tr.
Tin d tr ny khng b p cho nhng tn tht ln xy ra.
s gy ng vn ln trong x hi nu t chc, cc nhn no cng d tr nh
vy.
4. Chuyn nhng ri ro:
- Mt cng ty hay mt cc nhn khi t mnh thy khng th chu ng c mt hay
nhiu ri ro ln c tnh cht thm ha th phi tm cch san s bng cch chuyn
nhng ri ro cho cc cng ty khc, Khi chp nhn ri ro, cc cng ty khc
phi bi thng nhng thit hi do ri ro tha thun gy nn, cn ngi chuyn
nhng ri ro phi tr 1 khon tin => bin php bo him.
- u im:
Phm vi b p rng ln.
C th b p nhng ri ro c tnh cht thm ha
Khng gy ng vn trong x hi
=> Bin php ny pht trin mnh m cho n ngy nay.
Cu 2: Nu khi nim v phn tch bn cht ca bo him?
1. Khi nim:
- KN1: tm vi m:
Bo him l 1 ch cam kt bi thng bng tin v kinh t, trong ngi c BH
phi ng 1 khon gi l ph BH cho ngi BH theo cc iu khon quy nh, cn ngi
BH c trch nhim bi thng cho i tng BH do cc ri ro bo him gy ra.
- KN2: tm v m:
BH l 1 h thng cc bin php kinh t nhm t chc cc qu BH huy ng t cc t
chc, c nhn bi thng cc tn tht thit hi do cc thin tai, tai nn bt ng xy
ra, gp phn ti sn xut lin tc v m bo i sng ca cc thnh vin trong x hi .
2. Phn tch bn cht:
- i tng bo him: Ti sn, con ngi, trch nhim.
- Ngi BH ch bi thng bng tin v:
Gi tr l hng (ti sn) c BH s khc nhau ti cc thi im.
Cng ty BH ch tp trung vo 1 lnh vc => khng th bao qut c bi
thng bng hin vt
C nhng gi tr khng th bi thng bng hin vt..
- Ri ro c BH: l nhng ri ro tha thun trong hp ng. Ngi BH ch bi
thng nhng thit hi do nhng ri ro tha thun gy ra m thi
- Ngi c BH: Phi np ph theo cc iu khon quy nh
- Cng ty BH: Khi c tn tht xy ra phi dn chiu li cc iu khon trn c ch
bi thng thch hp.
- BH l 1 ngnh kinh t trong x hi.
Cu 3: Ti sao ni BH c tc dng lm tng cng cng tc phng, ngn
nga ri ro, hn ch tn tht?
Th nht, v phia ngi bao him: BH hinh thanh nn mt thi trng, chuyn
mn ring v bao him, do o cac cng tac lin quan ti bao him se c
chuyn mn hn va thc hin tt hn (vi du nh thm tra, xem xet.).
Ngi bao him khi a chp nhn bao him cho mt l hang se cam thy co
trach nhim phai am bao cho l hang o. Ho co th thc hin m t s yu cu
ngi c bao him phai phong, han ch tn tht hoc yu cu ngi c
bao him phai cung cp y u thng tin, cp nht v tinh trang hang theo
doi. Di nhin, iu nay giup tng cng tac bao v, phong nga, han ch rui ro
tn tht.
Th hai, v phia ngi c bao him: Ban u ho se co 2 la chon: 1 la khng
mua bao him va c gng hoan thanh tt cng vic vn chuyn hang
khng xay ra rui ro tn tht. Nu co xay ra rui ro tn tht (iu ho hoan toan
khng mong mun), ho se t chiu thit hai. Th 2, ho mua bao him, tc la ho
a y thc c rng, minh bo tin mua hang, vi vy se co y thc s dung
hang hoa o tt. Ho khng mun mt khng s tin bao him ma muc ich
ban u cua minh (muc ich chinh yu cua ho la hang c gi an toan) lai
khng thc hin c (khng k nhng ngi chi nghi bao him cho rui ro la se
khng phai lo, bi o chi la tm ly thiu s). Chinh vi th, ngi c bao him
cung co y thc hn i vi s an toan hang hoa cua minh.
Cu 4: Trnh by cc cch phn loi BH:
1. Cn c vo c ch hot ng ca BH:
- BH x hi: l ch BH ca nh nc, ca on th x hi hoc ca cc cng ty
nhm tr cp cc vin chc nh nc, ngi lm cng ... trong trng hp m au,
bnh tt, b cht hoc b tai nn trong khi lm vic, v hu.
- BH thng mi: l loi hnh BH mang tnh cht kinh doanh, thng mi.
2. Cn c vo tnh cht ca BH:
- BH nhn th: l BH cho tnh mng, tui th ca con ngi nhm b p cho ngi
c BH mt khon tin khi ht thi hn BH hoc khi ngi c BH b cht hoc b
thng tt ton b vnh vin.. BH nhn th gm cc loi nh bao him tron i, sinh
ky, t ky, hn hp
= Vi loi hnh BH ny, ngi c BH chc chn s c hon tr li s tin BH
khi o hn hp ng => mang tnh cht nh gi tit kim.
- BH phi nhn th: Mt s hinh thc nh bao him sc khoe, tai nan, hang hai, tai san,
chay va rui ro c bit, xy dng va lp t, xe c gii
==> Vi loi hnh BH ny c th c ti tc hp ng BH. Ngi c BH ch c
bi thng khi c tn tht xy ra.
3. Cn c vo i tng BH:
- BH ti sn: i tng BH l ti sn ca tp th hay c nhn bao gm vt c thc, tin,
giy t c gi ...
- BH trch nhim: i tng BH trong loi hnh ny l trch nhim dn s ca ngi
c BH i vi ngi th 3 hay i vi sn phm.
- BH con ngi: i tng BH l con ngi hay cc b phn ca c th con ngi hoc
cc vn c lin quan nh tui th, tnh mng, sc khe, tai nn...
4. Theo quy nh ca php lut Lut kinh doanh BH 2000:
- BH trch nhim dn s ca ch xe c gii
- BH trch nhim dn s ca ngi vn chuyn hng khng i vi hnh khch
- BH trch nhim ngh nghip i vi hot ng t vn lut php => lut s
- BH trch nhim ngh nghip ca doanhnghieepj mi gii BH.
- BH chy n
- BH trong hot ng t vn chng khon v u t.
Cu 5: Gi tr BH v s tin BH? Tr gi BH v s tin BH c quan h vi
nhau nh th no trong BH ti sn.
1.Gi tr BH: V
L gi tr ca i tng BH + cc chi ph hp l khc (VD: chi ph cha chy, chi ph cu
nn, chi phsi sa cha ...), nhng c bn vn l gi tr ca i tng BH
Note: Khi mua gi CIF, nu xy ri ro th cng ty BH phi n b trn gi CIF bao gm
C+ I +F.
2. S tin BH: A
L s tin do ngi c BH yu cu v c BH, n c th l 1 phn hay ton b gi tr
BH.
= Mi quan h gia A v V: A V
- A = V: BH ngang gi tr ( BH y )
- A < V: BH di gi tr
Cu 6: Ngi BH, ngi c BH? Ngha v v quyn li c bn ca cc
ch th khi k kt hp ng BH?
1. Ngi BH: L ngi nhn trch nhim v ri ro. Ngi BH c th l cng ty ca nh nc
hay ca cng ty t nhn.
- Ngha v:
Phi cung cp y v trung thc nhng thng tin v hp ng BH cho
ngi mua BH
phi bi thng cho ngi th hng khi c ri ro nm trong phm vi BH
xy ra
- Quyn li: c nhn ph BH
2. Ngi c BH: l t chc, c nhn c ti sn, trch nhim dn s, tnh mng c bo
him theo hp ng bo him. Ngi c bo him c th ng thi l ngi th hng.
- Ngha v:
Ngi c bo him c ngha v cung cp cho ngi bo him bit tt c
cc thng tin m mnh bit hoc phi bit lin quan n vic giao kt
hp ng bo him c th nh hng n vic xc nh kh nng xy ra ri
ro hoc quyt nh ca ngi bo him v vic nhn bo him v cc iu
kin bo him, tr thng tin m mi ngi bit hoc ngi bo him bit
hoc phi bit.
Ngi c BH c tn trong hp ng BH v phi np ph BH
-Quyn li: c nhn tin bi thng khi xy ra ri ro thuc phm vi BH nu ngi c
BH ng thi l ngi th hng
Note: khi nim ngi th hng v li ch BH
Cu 7: i tng BH l g? C nhng loi i tng BH no?
i tng BH l khch th ca hp ng BH, l ti sn hoc li ch mang ra BH, l i tng
m v n ngi ta phi k kt hp ng BH..
C 3 loi i tng BH: Ti sn, con ngi, trch nhim.
Nu i tng la tai san Bao him hang hoa
Nu i tng la con ngi Bao him nhn tho, trach nhim dn s.. (trong hang hai
bao him P&I)
Nu i tng la trach nhim Bao him TNDS chu tau
Chu y, trach nhim khng phai la mt thc th, nhng do tinh co th phat sinh trong hang hai
ma no tr thanh mt i tng c bao him.
CU 8: ng bo him, Ti bo him. Cho v d
Tr li:
1. ng bo him: (Co- Insurance): L hnh thc bo him trong
nhiu cng ty bo him cng ng ra bo him cho mt i tng bo
him.
V d: 2 cng ty BH A v B cng nhn bo him cho mt con tu tr
gi 10000$ vi t l ng bo him 80/20 c ngha l: khi xy ra tn
tht ton b, cng ty A bi thng cho ch tu 80% gi tr con tu
(tng ng vi s tin 8000$) v cng ty B bi thng cho ch tu
20% gi tr con tu (tng ng vi s tin 2000$).
2. Ti bo him (Re-Insurance): L vic hai hay nhiu cng ty bo him
chia nhau bo him nhng ri ro ln, mi cng ty nhn trch nhim v
mt phn nht nh ca tn tht v nhn mt phn tng xng trong s
ph bo him.
V d: cng ty BH A nhn bo him cho 1 con tu tr gi 10000$. Sau
cty A k kt mt hp ng ti BH vi cng ty B. Theo , cng ty
B s nhn bo him cho 3000$ gi tr con tu. Khi tn tht ton b xy
ra, cng ty A s bi thng 7000$ cn cng ty B bi thng 3000$
cho ch tu.
Lu :
1. ng BH:
S tin cng ty bo him phi tr = (S tin tn tht)x(s tin bo him thc t)/(S tin yu
cu phi bo him). Trong :
S tin yu cu phi bo him = (Gi tr ca ti sn c bo him) x (t l ng bo him
theo iu khon ng bo him)
Th d: Gi tr ca mt to nh l 100.000USD
T l s tin yu cu phi bo him theo iu khon ng bo him l 80%.
Tn tht do chy nh l 60.000USD.
S tin bo him thc t l: 75.000USD
Cng ty bo him s phi tr: 60.000x75.000/(100.000x80%) = 56.250USD trong s
60.000USD.
2. So snh ng v Ti BH
ng BH Ti BH
- Ngi c BH k cc hp ng bo
him v i bi thng trc tip vi
tng cng ty ng BH.
-
- Ngi c BH ch k hp ng v
i bi thng vi 1 cng ty BH gc.
- Cng ty BH gc l ngi quyt nh
c k kt cc hp ng ti BH hay
khng.
CU 9: Ph bo him c xc nh nh th no v ph thuc vo cc yu t
no?
Tr li:
Ph bo him (Insurance Premium - I) : L khon tin m ngi c bo him phi np
cho ngi bo him c bi thng, l gi c ca bo him.
I = V(A) x R
Trong :
1
V: Gi tr bo him (Insurance Value - V): L gi tr ca i tng bo him cng vi
cc chi ph hp l khc (c bn vn l gi tr ca i tng bo him).
A: S tin bo him (Insurance Amount - A): L s tin do ngi c bo him yu cu
v c bo him, n c th l mt phn hay ton b gi tr bo him.
R: T l ph bo him (Rate of Insurance - R): L mt t l phn trm nht nh (ca A
hoc V) do cc cng ty bo him cng b hoc tho thun theo mt hp ng bo him.
Thng c tnh cn c vo vic thng k tn tht hay xc sut xy ra ri ro.
1
Tham kho cu 5- Chng I
CU 10: Nguyn tc trung thc tuyt i trong BH v ngha ca n?
Tr li:
1. Nguyn tc trung thc tuyt i (utmost good faith)
Ngi bo him v ngi c bo him phi tuyt i trung thc vi nhau, tin tng
ln nhau, khng c la di nhau. Nu mt trong hai bn vi phm th hp ng bo
him khng c hiu lc.
2. ngha:
Theo nguyn tc ny, khi tin hnh k kt mt hp ng bo him:
- Ngi bo him phi cng khai tuyn b cc iu kin, nguyn tc,
th l, gi c bo him cho ngi c bo him bit; khng c nhn
bo him khi bit i tng bo him n ni an ton.
- Ngi c bo him phi khai bo chnh xc cc chi tit c lin quan
n i tng bo him; phi thng bo kp thi nhng thay i c lin
quan n i tng bo him, v ri ro, v nhng mi e do nguy
him hay lm tng thm ri ro m mnh bit c hoc ng l phi
bit c cho ngi bo him; khng c mua bo him khi bit i
tng bo him b tn tht.
Nguyn tc ny l nn tng cho hot ng kinh doanh bo him,
m bo khng c s la o hay trc li t bo him.
CU 11: Nguyn tc li ch BH trong BH
Tr li:
Nguyn tc li ch bo him
2
(insurable interest)
- Ngi c bo him mun mua bo him phi c li ch bo him.
- Li ch bo him l li ch hoc quyn li c lin quan n, gn lin vi
hay ph thuc vo, s an ton hay khng an ton ca i tng bo him
V d:
1. Mua bo him cho mt ngi nh.
Li ch bo him l: quyn s hu ngi nh.
Ti thi im np ph BH v hp ng BH c hiu lc, cng ty BH cha cn quan tm
n li ch bo him ca ngi mua v ti thi im cng ty BH cha phi bi
thng tn tht, ch c li ch l thu ph. Khi tn tht xy ra, ngi mua khiu ni th
cng ty BH mi quan tm.
Nu sau tn tht, xem xt, kt lun c ngi mua bo him khng c quyn li i
vi i tng BH th hp ng BH ngay lp tc b v hiu.
2. Xut khu mt l hng theo iu kin CIF, ngi bn ng ra mua bo him cho l
hng . Quyn li c th bo him i vi l hng nhp khu ny thuc v ngi bn
cho n khi ngi bn chuyn giao quyn s hu v k hu chuyn nhng hp ng
BH cho ngi mua. Nu hng ha b tn tht trc khi c chuyn giao cho ngi
mua th khng c khiu ni hp l theo n bo him ca ngi mua v h cha c
mt quyn li c th bo him vo thi im xy ra tn tht. V sau khi chuyn
giao quyn li c th bo him cho ngi mua ngi bn cng khng c quyn i
khiu ni trong trng hp tn tht xy ra.
2
iu 22.1(a) ca Lut Kinh doanh Bo him Vit nam 2000 (LBH 2000) quy nh hp ng
bo him v hiu khi ngi mua bo him khng c quyn li c th bo him.
CU 12: Th quyn l g? Tc dng v iu kin thc hin th quyn. Cho
v d?
Tr li:
1. Nguyn tc th quyn (subrogation)
Th quyn l quyn ca mt ngi, sau khi bi thng cho mt ngi khc theo bn phn
php l, c th thay th v tr ca ngi , cng nh c hng mi quyn li hp php ca
ngi i ngi th ba c trch nhim bi thng cho mnh.
V d: Mt cng ty BH sau khi bi thng tn tht mt l hng do li ca ngi
chuyn ch cho ch hng, c quyn thay mt ch hng kin ngi chuyn ch bi thng cho
mnh trong phm vi s tin bi thng cho ngi c BH.
Ch hng thit hi 80$, khiu ni ngi chuyn ch c bi thng 50$, cng ty BH s bi
thng 30$ khi phc kh nng ti chnh ban u. Sau , cng ty BH thy vic khiu kin
cha hp l, c th tip tc khiu ni ngi chuyn ch.
2. Tc dng
Th quyn gip gim ph bo him:
Nhng khon tin i bi hon thnh cng thng qua th quyn l ngun thu khc ngoi ph
BH cng ty BH c th b p ti chnh. Chng cho php gim nhng chi ph thc t ca
cng ty bo him trong trng hp tn tht xy ra v do n c tc dng gim ph bo
him.
Th quyn gip lm gim s lng cc v kin
Sau khi nhn c bi thng ca cng ty BH, ngi c BH s khng mong mun tip tc
i kin ngi c trch nhim v nu c i c tin bi thng ca bn th 3 ny th anh ta
vn phi bi hon li cho cng ty BH.
3. iu kin
Th quyn ch p dng trong hp ng bi thng.
L hp ng bo him gia ngi c bo him v ngi bo him phi l hp
ng m bo cho tn tht v mt ti chnh c th pht sinh trong tng lai ca
ngi c bo him khc vi HDBH nhn th (mang tnh cht tit kim).
Th quyn p dng sau khi bi thng y .
Theo , ngi bo him ch c th quyn sau khi bi thng y cho tn
tht nm trong phm vi bo him ca ngi c bo him
3
.
Ngi bo him i bi hon trn danh ngha ca ngi c bo him
Vic i bi thng ny phi thc hin trn danh ngha ngi c bo him, tc
l ngi bo him ch c hng li t nhng quyn li v bin php m ngi
c bo him c hng m khng c bt k quyn hn no i vi nhng vn
nm ngoi gii hn nhng quyn li v bin php m ngi c bo him
c hng.
3
ngoi tr trng hp c s tha thun bng vn bn gia 2 bn rng vic ngi c BH
chp nhn cc khon thanh ton tin bi thng ca ngi bo him l iu kin ngi
bo him c th thay mt ngi c bo him khi kin bn th ba i bi hon trong
phm vi s tin tr.
CU 13: So snh BH x hi v BH thng mi
Tr li:
1. Ging nhau:
Mc ch hot ng: b p ti chnh n nh i sng cho ngi tham gia bo him
khi gp ri ro. V qu bo him ny ch yu c to lp t nhng i tng tham gia bo
him .
C ch/Nguyn tc hot ng: Ly s ng b s t
2. Khc nhau:
BHXH BHTM
i tng
BH
Thu nhp ca ngi lao ng Tinh mang, tinh trang sc khe cua
con ngi, tai sa n, trach nhim dn
s .
i tng
tham gia
Ngi lao ng va ngi s
dung lao ng
Tt c cc c nhn v t chc trong
x hi
Ngun hnh
thnh qu
Ngi lao ng, ngi s dung
lao ng, NN bu thiu va ngun
khac (lai u t quy nhan ri,
ung h cua cac t chc...).
hinh thanh t s ong gop phi cua
nhng ngi tham gia, c b
sung t lai u t quy nhan ri, d
phong BH.
Mc ch s
dng qu
Chi tra tr cp theo ca c ch ;
chi quan ly s nghip BHXH, chi
d phong va chi cho u t.
bi thng chi tra tin BH cho
khach hang khi gp rui ro tn tht
thuc pham vi bao him; chi trich
lp ca c loai d phong; Chi phong
han ch tn tht; np thu; chi quan
ly va co li nhun.
Ph BH c xa c inh bng s tng i
cn c chu yu vao tin cng,
tin lng cu a ngi lao ng va
quy lng cu a chu s dung lao
ng tham gia bao him.
c xa c inh la s tuyt i, trn
c s xac sut rui ro cu a i tng
tham gia, pham vi bao him, STBH,
gia tri bao him...
C quan
qun l
thng do 1 t chc cu a CP am
nhn. VD: b Lao ng thng
binh x hi
Cc doanh nghip BH t ng ra
kinh doanh theo lut php Vit Nam
Tnh cht - Mang tnh cht tng h
nhiu hn
Bt buc theo php lut
- Mang tnh cht kinh doanh
- T nguyn
CU 14: Phn tch cc nguyn tc ca BH
Tr li:
1. Bo him mt ri ro ch khng bo him mt s chc chn (fortuity
not for certainty)
Ri ro bo him l nhng e do nguy him m con ngi khng lng trc c, l
nguyn nhn gy nn tn tht cho i tng bo him
Cng ty bo him ch nhn bo him cho nhng s c, tai nn, tai ho, xy ra mt
cch bt ng, ngu nhin, ngoi mun ca con ngi ch khng bo him cho
nhng ri ro chc chn xy ra, ng nhin xy ra, c th lng trc c.
2. Nguyn tc trung thc tuyt i (utmost good faith)
Ngi bo him v ngi c bo him phi tuyt i trung thc vi nhau, tin tng
ln nhau, khng c la di nhau. Nu mt trong hai bn vi phm th hp ng bo
him khng c hiu lc:
Ngi bo him phi cng khai tuyn b cc iu kin, nguyn tc, th l, gi
c bo him cho ngi c bo him bit; khng c nhn bo him khi
bit i tng bo him n ni an ton.
Ngi c bo him phi khai bo chnh xc cc chi tit c lin quan n i
tng bo him; phi thng bo kp thi nhng thay i c lin quan n i
tng bo him, v ri ro, v nhng mi e do nguy him hay lm tng thm
ri ro m mnh bit c hoc ng l phi bit c cho ngi bo him;
khng c mua bo him khi bit i tng bo him b tn tht
3. Nguyn tc li ch bo him (insurable interest)
Ngi c bo him mun mua bo him phi c li ch bo him.
Li ch bo him l li ch hoc quyn li c lin quan n, gn lin vi hay ph
thuc vo, s an ton hay khng an ton ca i tng bo him
[tham kho cu 11]
4. Nguyn tc bi thng (indemnity)
Ngi bo him phi bi thng khi phc li kh nng ti chnh ban u cho
ngi c bo him ngay sau khi tn tht xy ra, khng hn khng km.
- kh nng ti chnh ban u: V hoc A
- ngay sau khi: ph thuc vo thi hn khiu ni quy nh. Thng l trong 30
ngy, cng ty BH phi c phn hi. hin nay do cnh tranh, thi hn ny c th
ch cn 15 ngy.
- khng hn khng km:
bi thng y
trnh trc li bo him v.
5. Nguyn tc th quyn (subrogation) [tham kho cu 12]
Th quyn l quyn ca mt ngi, sau khi bi thng cho mt ngi khc theo bn
phn php l, c th thay th v tr ca ngi , cng nh c hng mi quyn li
hp php ca ngi i ngi th ba c trch nhim bi thng cho mnh.
CH , Y L MT CU HI RT QUAN TRNG, RT D B HI V B
XOAY, V VY YU CU CN HC K, HIU K
cng Bo him CH NG II B O HIM HNG HI
CHNG II BO HIM HNG HI
Cu 1: Bo him Hng hi v cc loi hnh Bo him Hng hi
Tr li:
a) nh ngha: Bo him Hng hi l nhng nghip v BH c lin quan n hot
ng ca con tu, con ngi hoc ca hng ho c vn chuyn trn bin hay
nhng nghip v BH nhng ri ro trn bin, trn b, trn sng c lin quan n
Hnh trnh ng bin
4
.
b) Cc loi hnh Bo him Hng hi
5
: BHHH c phn lm 3 loi
1. Bo him Hng ho XNK chuyn ch bng ng bin: i tng l hng
ho XNK c vn chuyn trn bin v cc chi ph c lin quan
6
.
2. Bo him Thn tu: i tng Bo him l v tu, my mc, thit b trn tu
v cc chi ph hp l (chi ph dc hnh trnh
7
, ng trc lng cho s quan
thu th
8
, mt phn trch nhim m ch tu phi chu trong trng hp hai
tu m va nhau cng c li
9
).
3. Bo him Trch nhim dn s ch tu
10
: BH nhng thit hi pht sinh t
Trch nhim dn s ch tu trong qu trnh S hu, kinh doanh, khai thc tu
i vi ngi khc.
4
Lu , lin quan ti hnh trnh ng bin l /k quan trng nht
5
/ngha BH = hot ng tu + ngi + hng ho phn loi = thn tu + Trch
nhim dn s + hng ho XNK
6
Chi ph lin quan = cc chi ph nh bo him, vn chuyn, chng chy
7
CP dc hnh trnh = lng thc + nc ung
8
CP lng + V hnh trnh trn bin rt di nn phi ng trc
9
Lu phn TN m va, y l TN ca Bo him thn tu CU HI 40
10
Hip hi P&I, h tr gia cc ch tu vi nhau
TN Dn s ch tu = Hng + KInh doanh + Tnh mng + Tu khc
19
Cu 2: Ri ro trong bo him hng hi?
Tr li:
1. Khi nim Ri ro:
- Ri ro l nhng tai nn, tai ha, s c xy ra mt cch bt ng, ngu nhin
hoc nhng mi e da nguy him khi xy ra th gy tn tht cho i tng bo
him.
- Ri ro hng hi l nhng ri ro xy ra trn bin, ca bin, lin quan n
mt hnh trnh hng hi.
2. Phn loi Ri ro:
2 cch phn loi ri ro: cn c nguyn nhn gy ri ro, cn c nghip v bo him
* Cn c vo nguyn nhn gy ri ro (5):
(i)thin tai,
(ii)tai nn bt ng trn bin,
(iii)do hnh ng chnh tr x hi hoc do li ca ngi c bo him,
(iv)do cc hnh ng ring l ca con ngi,
(v)do cc nguyn nhn khc, thng l ri ro ph
* Cn c vo nghip v bo him (3) gm: ri ro thng thng c bo him, ri ro
phi bo him ring, ri ro loi tr.
(i)Ri ro thng thng c bo him gm ri ro chnh v ph
+Ri ro chnh (6): c bo him bnh thng trong cc iu kin bo
him gc, gm: mc cn, chm m, chy, m va, nm hng xung
bin, mt tch
+Ri ro ph: rch, v, g, bp, cong vnh, nc ma,
(ii)Ri ro phi bo him ring (loi tr tng i): chin tranh, nh cng
(iii)Ri ro loi tr (tuyt i) (7)
+Bun lu
+Li ca ngi c bo him
+Ni t
20
+n t
+Tu i chch hng
+Tu khng kh nng i bin
+Mt kh nng ti chnh ch tu
Chi tit:
* Cn c vo nguyn nhn gy ri ro (5)
11
- Thin tai (Act of God): l nhng hin tng t nhin m con ngi khng chi phi
c (bin ng, bo, gi, lc, st nh, thi tit xu, sng thn, ng t, ni la
phun...)
- Tai nn bt ng trn bin
12
(peril of the sea/ accident of the sea): l nhng tai nn
xy ra i vi con tu ngoi bin (mc cn, chm m, chy, n, m va, mt tch,
cp bin
13
)
- Ri ro do cc hnh ng chnh tr x hi hoc do li ca ngi c bo him
gy nn (chin tranh, nh cng, khng b)
- Ri ro do cc hnh ng ring l ca con ngi (cp bin)
- Ri ro do cc nguyn nhn khc, thng l cc ri ro ph
14
(rch, v, ly bn, ly
hi, )
11
Ngoi 5 ci ny, trong sgk cn c thm Ri ro do bn cht hoc tnh cht c bit
ca i tng bo him hoc nhng thit hi m nguyn nhn trc tip l chm tr.
12
y l nhng ri ro chnh c bo him.
13
Cp bin: c th l Tai nn bt ng trn bin hoc Ri ro do hnh ng ring l
ca con ngi
14
Ri ro ph: xem thm cu 3. Ri ro loi tr: xem cu 4
21
* Cn c vo nghip v bo him gm (3): ri ro thng thng c bo him, ri ro
phi bo him ring, ri ro loi tr.
- Cc ri ro thng thng c bo him: l cc ri ro c bo him mt cch
bnh thng theo nhng iu kin bo him gc, gm ri ro chnh v ph.
+ Ri ro chnh: (6) l ri ro thng xuyn xy ra v c bo him trong mi
iu kin bo him (C): mc cn, chm m, chy, m va, mt tch, vt hng xung
bin
- Ri ro mc cn (stranding): l hin tng tu i vo ch nc nng, y tu
chm vi y bin hoc nm trn mt chng ngi vt khc lm cho hnh trnh ca
tu b gin on v mun thot c phi nh n ngoi lc; ri ro mc cn bao gm
c ri ro mc kt
15
.
- Ri ro chm m (sinking): l hin tng tu hoc phng tin vn chuyn
b chm hn xung nc, y tu chm vi y bin lm cho hnh trnh b hu b
16
.
- Ri ro chy (Fire): l hin tng xy ho hng ho hay vt th khc trn tu
c to nhit lng cao:
+ Chy bnh thng: do nguyn nhn t bn ngoi hay do nhng
nguyn nhn khch quan nh thin tai, s sut ca ngi khng phi ngi c
bo him, buc phi thiu hu trnh b ch bt hoc trnh ly lan dch bnh
+ Chy ni t: do bn thn hng ho t bc chy m ngi bo him
chng minh c l do qu trnh bc xp hng ho ln tu khng thch hp hoc
do bn cht t nhin ca hng ho
Cng ty bo him ch bi thng chy bnh thng. Bi thng c
chi ph dp chy cho d khng thnh cng ( phng, hn ch tn tht)
15
Mc kt: ri ro chm y an ton: do thy triu cng bin, vn hnh tr li
khng cn ngoi lc.
16
Hnh trnh b hu b l yu t quan trng nht trong ri ro chm m.
Tu chm m l tn tht ton b thc t: s tin bi thng bng ng s tin bo
him. (Xem S tin bo him cu 5 chng 1). Sau khi bi thng, ngi bo him
c quyn nhn hoc t chi quyn s hu xc tu.
Tu chm m nu trc vt c th khng bi thng theo ri ro chm m m bi
thng cc chi ph trc vt, lai dt, sa cha.
22
- Ri ro m va
17
(Collision): l hin tng phng tin vn chuyn m hoc
va vi bt k vt no bn ngoi tr nc (bao gm c nc ~ bng tri)
- Ri ro vt hoc nm xung bin (Jettision): l hnh ng vt mt phn
hng ho hoc trang thit b ca tu xung bin nhm mc ch cu tu v hnh trnh
ca tu.
Phi c tin hnh hp l: mc ch cu tu v hnh trnh ca tu; nm
lng hng va ; nm t d n kh.
- Ri ro mt tch
18
(missing): l trng hp tu khng n c cng nh quy
nh ca hp ng v sau mt khong thi gian nht nh k t ngy hnh trnh b mt
tin tc v tu v hng ho trn tu.
+ Php: 6 thng i vi hnh trnh ngn v 12 thng i vi hnh trnh
di
+ Anh v cc nc theo lut Anh: thi gian tuyn b tu mt tch bng
3 ln hnh trnh (t cng xp n cng d) nhng khng nh hn 2
thng v khng ln hn 6 thng.
+ Vit Nam: thi gian tuyn b tu mt tch bng 3 ln hnh trnh (t
im cui cng nhn c tin tc ca tu n thi im tu ng
l v cng d hng) ca tu nhng khng nh hn 3 thng. Nu vic
thng bo tin tc b nh hng bi chin tranh hoc nhng hot ng
qun s th thi hn ni trn c i thnh 6 thng.
17
Xem ri ro m va cu 40, 41, 42, 43, 44.
Trch nhim trong v tu m va: c bo him bi bo him thn tu, bi bo
him trch nhim dn s ch tu.
18
Tu mt tch b xa tn khi S ng k tu bin quc gia. Vic bi thng v tn
tht hng ha ch trn tu mt tch ch c tin hnh khi tu ch hng b tuyn b
mt tch. Sau khi bi thng cho ch hnh theo ri ro tu mt tch, tu li c tm
thy th ngi bo him c quyn s hu tt c nhng g thuc v hng ha c
bo him trn tu.
23
+ Cc ri ro ph
19
: l nhng ri ro t xy ra, ch c bo him trong cc iu
kin bo him rng nht A: rch, v, g, bp, cong, vnh, hp hi, mt mi, ly bn,
ly bnh, va p vo hng ho khc, hnh vi c , trm cp, cp, nc ma, mc
cu, giao thiu hng hoc khng giao hng
- Hp hi l s thot hi nc t bn thn hng ho, phng tin chuyn ch
hng ho ly lan sang khi hng ho c xp trong hm tu, container thng gi
km
- Ly hi l hng ho b h hi km phm cht t hng ho khc hoc phng
tin chuyn ch ly sang
- Ly bn l hng ho b lm bn dn n km phm cht
- G l hng ho bng kim loi b hoen r do ly hi, do nc ma, nc bin
hoc t ri ro bo him khc em li
- Mc cu l s thiu ht hng ho do qu trnh mc cu trong khi xp d
hng ho ti cng gy nn lm mt nguyn ai nguyn kin hay rch v bao b.
- Cc ri ro phi bo him ring
20
(ri ro loi tr tng i): l nhng ri ro loi tr
i vi cc iu kin bo him tiu chun, nu mun c bo him th phi mua
ring:
- Ri ro chin tranh (War Risk- WA)
- Ri ro nh cng (SRCC- strike, riots & civil commodition)
19
Phi do cc yu t khc nh phng tin chuyn ch, cng c xp d gy ra. Nu
h hng do bn thn hng ho gy nn th khng bao gi c bi thng.
20
Ch tn ti trong ICC 1982, QTC 1990 khng quy nh.
24
- Ri ro loi tr (loi tr tuyt i): l nhng ri ro khng c bo him i vi bo
him hng hi trong mi trng hp: (7)
21
- Bun lu (Contraband)
- Li ca ngi c bo him (Insureds fault)
- Tu khng kh nng i bin (Unseaworthiness)
- Tu i chch hng
22
(Deviation)
- Ni t
23
(Inherent Vice)
- n t
24
(Latent Defect)
- Mt kh nng ti chnh ca ch tu
LU , Y L MT CU HI RT DI, NU RI C GP PHI, KHI
TR LI CU NY TA CH NU TN CC RI RO CH KHNG CN
TRNH BY HT. NU C B HI RI RO NY L NH TH NO TH
MI TIP TC TR LI.
Y L PHN QUAN TRNG, TT NHT NN HC TON B.
21
Tu khng kh nng i bin v Mt kh nng ti chnh ch tu khng c trong
ICC 1963.
22
Tu i chch hng: l tu i sai trnh t hoc i ra ngoi trnh t c quy nh
khng v l do chnh ng (nguyn nhn cu nn, lnh nn hay trnh gp ri ro).
23
Ni t l bn cht ca hng ha.
24
n t l nhng khuyt tt ca hng ha, nu ch kim tra bn ngoi hng ha mt
cch thng thng th khng th pht hin c.
25
Cu 3: Ri ro ph trong BH hng ho vn chuyn bng ng bin l
g bao gm nhng ri ro nh th no? Cc ri ro ph c th c
bo him theo nhng cch no?
Tr li:
Cc ri ro ph
25
km
Ri ro ph c th c bo him bng cch mua bo him theo iu kin bo him A
25
26
Cu 4: Ri ro loi tr trong BH hng ho chuyn ch bng ng bin
theo ICC 1982.
Tr li:
Ri ro loi tr (loi tr tuyt i)
26
: l nhng ri ro khng c bo him i vi
bo him hng hi trong mi trng hp: (7)
1 - Bun lu (Contraband)
2 - Li ca ngi c bo him (Insureds fault)
3 - Tu khng kh nng i bin
27
(Unseaworthiness)
4 - Tu i chch hng
28
(Deviation)
5 - Ni t
29
(Inherent Vice)
6 - n t
30
(Latent Defect)
7 - Mt kh nng ti chnh ca ch tu
26
Ri ro 4, 7 khng c trong ICC 1963
27
Tu kh nng i bin: Trc v lc bt u hnh trnh, ngi chuyn ch phi
cn mn hp l lm cho tu c kh nng i bin: l tu chu c sng gi
thng thng ca bin c, c ch hng ha an ton n cng ch. C th:
- Tu bn, chc khe, v tu v my mc khng c khuyt tt
- Tu c trang b nhng my mc, phng tin cn thit cho vic i bin
- Tu c bin ch mt thuyn b y v s lng, m bo v cht
lng
- Tu c cung ng y du m, lng thc, thc phm, d tr khc
- Hm tu, bung lnh, ni cha hng khc phi sch s, thch hp cho vic
chuyn ch hng ha lin quan.
28
Tu i chch hng: l tu i sai trnh t hoc i ra ngoi trnh t c quy nh
khng v l do chnh ng (nguyn nhn cu nn, lnh nn hay trnh gp ri ro).
29
Ni t l bn cht ca hng ha.
30
n t l nhng khuyt tt ca hng ha, nu ch kim tra bn ngoi hng ha mt
cch thng thng th khng th pht hin c.
27
Cu 5: Ri ro c bo him trong BHHH theo ICC 1982:
Tr li:
- Cc ri ro thng thng c bo him: l cc ri ro c bo him mt cch
bnh thng theo nhng iu kin bo him gc, gm ri ro chnh v ph.
+ Ri ro chnh: (6) l ri ro thng xuyn xy ra v c bo him trong mi
iu kin bo him (C): mc cn, chm m, chy, m va, mt tch, vt hng xung
bin
- Ri ro mc cn (stranding): l hin tng tu i vo ch nc nng, y tu
chm vi y bin hoc nm trn mt chng ngi vt khc lm cho hnh trnh ca
tu b gin on v mun thot c phi nh n ngoi lc; ri ro mc cn bao gm
c ri ro mc kt
31
.
- Ri ro chm m (sinking): l hin tng tu hoc phng tin vn chuyn
b chm hn xung nc, y tu chm vi y bin lm cho hnh trnh b hu b
32
.
- Ri ro chy (Fire): l hin tng xy ho hng ho hay vt th khc trn tu
c to nhit lng cao:
+ Chy bnh thng: do nguyn nhn t bn ngoi hay do nhng
nguyn nhn khch quan nh thin tai, s sut ca ngi khng phi ngi c
bo him, buc phi thiu hu trnh b ch bt hoc trnh ly lan dch bnh
+ Chy ni t: do bn thn hng ho t bc chy m ngi bo him
chng minh c l do qu trnh bc xp hng ho ln tu khng thch hp hoc
do bn cht t nhin ca hng ho
Cng ty bo him ch bi thng chy bnh thng. Bi thng c
chi ph dp chy cho d khng thnh cng ( phng, hn ch tn tht)
31
Mc kt: ri ro chm y an ton: do thy triu cng bin, vn hnh tr li
khng cn ngoi lc.
32
Hnh trnh b hu b l yu t quan trng nht trong ri ro chm m.
Tu chm m l tn tht ton b thc t: s tin bi thng bng ng s tin bo
him. (Xem S tin bo him cu 5 chng 1). Sau khi bi thng, ngi bo him
c quyn nhn hoc t chi quyn s hu xc tu.
Tu chm m nu trc vt c th khng bi thng theo ri ro chm m m bi
thng cc chi ph trc vt, lai dt, sa cha.
28
- Ri ro m va
33
(Collision): l hin tng phng tin vn chuyn m hoc
va vi bt k vt no bn ngoi tr nc (bao gm c nc ~ bng tri)
- Ri ro vt hoc nm xung bin (Jettision): l hnh ng vt mt phn
hng ho hoc trang thit b ca tu xung bin nhm mc ch cu tu v hnh trnh
ca tu.
Phi c tin hnh hp l: mc ch cu tu v hnh trnh ca tu; nm
lng hng va ; nm t d n kh.
- Ri ro mt tch
34
(missing): l trng hp tu khng n c cng nh quy
nh ca hp ng v sau mt khong thi gian nht nh k t ngy hnh trnh b mt
tin tc v tu v hng ho trn tu.
+ Php: 6 thng i vi hnh trnh ngn v 12 thng i vi hnh trnh
di
+ Anh v cc nc theo lut Anh: thi gian tuyn b tu mt tch bng
3 ln hnh trnh (t cng xp n cng d) nhng khng nh hn 2
thng v khng ln hn 6 thng.
+ Vit Nam: thi gian tuyn b tu mt tch bng 3 ln hnh trnh (t
im cui cng nhn c tin tc ca tu n thi im tu ng
l v cng d hng) ca tu nhng khng nh hn 3 thng. Nu vic
thng bo tin tc b nh hng bi chin tranh hoc nhng hot ng
qun s th thi hn ni trn c i thnh 6 thng.
+ Cc ri ro ph
35
33
Xem ri ro m va cu 40, 41, 42, 43, 44.
Trch nhim trong v tu m va: c bo him bi bo him thn tu, bi bo
him trch nhim dn s ch tu.
34
Tu mt tch b xa tn khi S ng k tu bin quc gia. Vic bi thng v tn
tht hng ha ch trn tu mt tch ch c tin hnh khi tu ch hng b tuyn b
mt tch. Sau khi bi thng cho ch hnh theo ri ro tu mt tch, tu li c tm
thy th ngi bo him c quyn s hu tt c nhng g thuc v hng ha c
bo him trn tu.
35
29
km
30
Cu 6: Tn tht v cc loi tn tht trong bo him?
Tr li:
1. Khi nim tn tht:
Tn tht l nhng mt mt, h hi ca i tng bo him do nhng ri ro c bo
him
36
gy nn.
2. Phn loi:
2.1. Cn c vo mc v quy m tn tht: (2)
- Tn tht b phn (patial loss): l s mt mt, h hi mt phn i tng bo him
thuc mt hp ng bo him
37
.
V d: l hng 10 tn ng trong qu trnh vn chuyn b tn tht 1 tn.
- Tn tht ton b (total loss): l hng ha bo him b mt 100% gi tr hoc gi tr
s dng. Tn tht ton b gm 2 loi:
+Loi 1: Tn tht ton b thc t (actual total loss): l tn tht m do i
tng bo him b ph hy hon ton hay b h hng nghim trng khng,
hoc ngi c bo him b tc quyn s hu vi i tng bo him.
V d: hng ha bo him b ph hy hon ton do chy hoc n
36
Ri ro c bo him: Cu 5
37
Hp ng bo him: Cu 24
31
+Loi 2: Tn tht ton b c tnh (contructive total loss)
38
: l tn tht xt
thy khng sao trnh khi tn tht ton b thc t hay nhng chi ph phi b
ra sa cha, khi phc v a i tng bo him v ch bng hoc vt
qu gi tr ca i tng bo him hoc gi tr bo him.
V d: tu gi b h hng nng v chi ph sa cha tu ln hn gi tr tu sau
khi sa cha xong.
2.2. Cn c vo quyn li v trch nhim: (2)
- Tn tht ring (particular average): l tn tht ca ring tng quyn li bo him
do thin tai, tai nn bt ng gy nn. V d, dc ng tu b st nh lm hng ha
ca ch hng A b chy.
- Tn tht chung (general average)
39
: l nhng thit hi xy ra do nhng chi ph
hoc hi sinh c bit c tin hnh mt cch c v hp l nhm mc ch cu
ti sn khi b tai ha trong mt hnh trnh chung trn bin.
Tn tht chung gm: hy sinh tn tht chung, chi ph tn tht chung.
38
Tn tht ton b c tnh: Cu 8
- Hnh ng t b hng: l hnh ng ca ngi c bo him t b mi quyn li
i vi hng ha cho ngi bo him trong trng hp tn tht ton b c tnh
c bi thng ton b.
- Nguyn tc t b i tng bo him:
+ Tuyn b t b hng (notice of abandonment - NOA) gi cho ngi bo
him bng vn bn.
+ Ch t b khi hng ha cn dc ng v cha b tn tht ton b thc t.
+ Khi t b c ngi bo him chp nhn th khng thay i c na.
39
Tn tht chung: cu 9
32
Cu 7: Nu nh ngha v cho v d v tn tht ton b thc t v tn
tht ton b c tnh.
Tr li:
Tn tht ton b (total loss): l hng ha bo him b mt 100% gi tr hoc gi tr
s dng. Tn tht ton b gm 2 loi:
- Loi 1: Tn tht ton b thc t (actual total loss): l tn tht m do i tng
bo him b ph hy hon ton hay b h hng nghim trng khng, hoc ngi c
bo him b tc quyn s hu vi i tng bo him.
V d: hng ha bo him b ph hy hon ton do chy hoc n
- Loi 2: Tn tht ton b c tnh (contructive total loss)
40
: l tn tht xt thy
khng sao trnh khi tn tht ton b thc t hay nhng chi ph phi b ra sa
cha, khi phc v a i tng bo him v ch bng hoc vt qu gi tr ca i
tng bo him hoc gi tr bo him.
V d: + tn tht xt thy khng sao trnh khi tn tht ton b thc t: mt l ng
ang c ch v cng ch, dc ng ng b ngm nc v bt u thi, nu c
mang v ch th ng s thi ht.
+ chi ph phi b ra sa cha, khi phc v a i tng bo him v ch bng
hoc vt qu gi tr ca i tng bo him hoc gi tr bo him: tu gi b h hng
nng v chi ph sa cha tu ln hn gi tr tu sau khi sa cha xong.
40
Tn tht ton b c tnh: Cu 8
- Hnh ng t b hng: l hnh ng ca ngi c bo him t b mi quyn li
i vi hng ha cho ngi bo him trong trng hp tn tht ton b c tnh
c bi thng ton b.
- Nguyn tc t b i tng bo him:
+ Tuyn b t b hng (notice of abandonment - NOA) gi cho ngi bo
him bng vn bn.
+ Ch t b khi hng ha cn dc ng v cha b tn tht ton b thc t.
+ Khi t b c ngi bo him chp nhn th khng thay i c na.
33
8. Mt tn tht nh th no c coi l tn tht ton b c tnh:
Tr li: p n nh cu 7.
Tn tht ton b c tnh: l nhng tn tht xt thy ko sao trnh khi tn
tht ton b thc t hoc chi ph b ra sa cha, khi phc a i
tng bo him v ch bng hoc vt qu tr gi ca i tng bo
him hoc gi tr bo him
Tng t nh cu 7, trong cu hi ny cng phi ch s c th b hi
thm v:
S khc nhau vi tn tht ton b thc t
Trch nhim ca bo him trong tn tht ton b c tnh
Quy trnh c bo him ton b c tnh
34
9. Khi nim v c trng ca tn tht chung
Tr li:
+ Khi nim:
Tn tht chung l nhng thit hi do nhng chi ph v hy sinh c bit
c tin hnh mt cch c v hp l nhm cu tu, hng ha v cc
ph khi b tai ha trong mt hnh trnh chung trn bin.
Mun c tn tht chung phi c hnh ng tn tht chung.
+ c trng ca tn tht chung:
- Hnh ng tn tht chung phi l hnh ng c
41
ca nhng ngi
trn tu v do mnh lnh ca thuyn trng hy sinh ti sn ca ch tu
v ch hng.
- Phi l hnh ng hp l
42
.
- Thit hi trong tn tht chung phi l thit hi c bit
43
, ko din ra
trong iu kin i bin thng thng.
- Nguy c e da hnh trnh phi nghim trng v thc t. Tc l nguy c
e da hnh trnh phi cp bch v hy sinh tn tht chung l iu kin
duy nht c th cu vn c hnh trnh
44
.
- Tn tht chung phi v an ton chung
- Xy ra trn bin
45
- Mt mt, thit hi hoc chi ph phi l hu qu trc tip ca hnh ng
tn tht chung
Lu : C th mi trng hp a ra s phi nu v d c th
41
Hiu hnh ng c l nh th no?
42
Hp l l nh th no? Ch v hng d nm nm trc Hng d lp ch
thng, lp trc..
43
Thit hi c bit l thit hi khng din ra trong iu kin thng (pht sinh t
hnh ng c ch)
44
iu ny thc ra do quyt nh ca Thuyn trng. Trong tnh hung cp bch,
thuyn trng c th t ra quyt nh mt cch hp l nht c th.
45
Phi xy ra trn bin Ch ny cn cc k lu , v trong nh ngha bo him
c ni bo him bo him cho lin quan ti hnh trnh ng bin, nhng y,
trong tn tht chung s ch c tn tht chung xy ra trn bin m thi.
35
10. Lut l gii quyt vn tn tht chung?
Tr li:
Lut l gii quyt vn tn tht chung gm c cc ngun lut chnh,
l:
- Quy tc v tn tht chung ln u tin c thng qua ti York (Anh)
nm 1864 Quy tc York.
- Quy tc York c sa i b sung ti Antwerp (B) nm 1924 Quy
tc York Antwerp
- Quy tc York-Antwerp c sa i, b sung vo cc nm 1950, 1974,
1990, 2004.
Nhng phin bn sa i, b sung sau khng lm mt tnh php l ca
cc phin bn trc.
46
Lu : C th hi thm v nhng thay i ca quy tc York Antwerp
2004 so vi 1994
47
46
iu ny c ngha, quy tc YA khng mang tnh bt buc, n ch mang tnh bt
buc khi dn chiu vo n. Nu trong bi khng ni r l p dng phin bn no (cn
ch thay i ca bn 2004 v 1994) th cn phi phn trng hp.
47
Ch v nhng sa i ca bn 2004 vi bn 1994, theo mt s khon s khng
c tnh vo tn tht chung. C th xem slide v gio trnh, ci ny c th b hi
thm.
36
11. Cch tnh ton phn b tn tht chung
Tr li:
Vic tnh ton phn b tn tht chung c tin hnh theo 5 bc:
+ Bc 1: Xc nh gi tr tn tht chung:
tng gi tr tn tht chung l tng nhng hy sinh v chi ph c cng
nhn l tn tht chung. Nu hng ha b hy sinh v tn tht chung th gi
tr c tnh l gi tr hng ha vo lc d hng, cn c vo ha n
thng mi hoc cn c vo gi hng lc xp hng xung tu. Gi tr ny
bao gm c chi ph bo him v cc ph, tr trng hp cc ph
48
ko
thuc trch nhim thanh ton ca ch hng.
+ Bc 2: Xc nh gi tr chu phn b:
- l gi tr ti sn c mt trn tu ca tt c cc quyn li vo thi im c
hnh ng tn tht chung
49
, tc l tng cc gi tr c hnh ng tn
tht chung cu thot, bao gm c nhng gi tr hy sinh v an ton
chung.
- nhng ti sn, mt mt h hi xy ra trc hnh ng tn tht chung ko
c tnh vo gi tr chu phn b nhng tn tht ring xy ra vo sau hnh
ng tn tht chung th vn tnh.
+ Bc 3: Xc nh t l ng gp
= tng gi tr tn tht chung/ tng gi tr chu phn b ri x100%
+ Bc 4: Tnh s tin phi ng gp ca tng quyn li
S tin ng gp ca tng quyn li bng t l ng gp nhn vi gi tr
ng gp ca tng quyn li
C=(L/CV)*v
L: tng gi tr tn tht chung
CV: tng gi tr chu phn b
v: gi tr chu phn b ca tng quyn li
+ Bc 5: Tnh ton kt qu ti chnh l s tin thc s thu v hoc b
thm ra ca tng ch hng hay ch tu sau khi tr i phn gi tr ti sn
hoc chi ph h b ra trong hnh ng tn tht chung
48
Cc ph l mt mc trong gi tr chu phn b.
49
Thi im c hnh ng tn tht chung, c th hiu l ngay trc khi din ra h
ny.
37
PHN PHN B TN THT CHUNG L PHN C BIT
QUAN TRNG, PHI HT SC LU , LM R BI TP, RT
C TH S C YU CU THC HIN MT BI TP NH.
38
12. Phn bit tn tht chung v tn tht ring? cho VD minh ha
Tr li:
Tn tht ring l tn tht ca quyn li bo him
50
do thin tai, tai
nn bt ng gy nn
Tn tht chung l thit hi do nhng chi ph v hy sinh c bit
c tin hnh mt cch c v hp l nhm cu tu v hng ha
khi b tai ha trong mt hnh trnh trn bin.
Nh vy tn tht ring v tn tht chung c nhng im khc nhau c
bn sau:
- tn tht ring do nguyn nhn khch quan
51
, nm ngoi mun ch
quan ca con ngi cn tn tht chung do hnh ng c
52
ca con
ngi.
- Tn tht ring ko c cc quyn li cn li trn tu n b cn
tn tht chung c tnh ton v n b.
- VD v tn tht ring: tu b m chm, hng ha thit hi hon ton
l tn tht ring
- VD v tn tht chung: tu i ng gp bo, thuyn trng ra lnh
vt bt hng ha tu c th i c nhanh hn ra khi vng bo
th s hng ha b hy sinh c tnh vo tn tht chung
50
QUYN LI BO HIM l duy nht, khng c lin can g ti cc quyn li khc
(v d ch hng A l ch hng A, ch hng B l ch hng B).
51
Ch , nguyn nhn khch quan y vn hm cc hnh ng nh cp, hnh
ng xu (c bo him- vn l hnh ng c ca con ngi, nhng khng
phi l ngi trc tip lin quan ti bo him).
52
Ti sao li l hnh ng c ? do lnh ca thuyn trng nhm cu cc quyn li
khc.
39
13 Tn tht chung l g? cho VD minh ha
Tr li:
Tn tht chung l thit hi do nhng chi ph v hy sinh c bit c tin
hnh mt cch c v hp l nhm cu tu v hng ha khi b tai ha
trong hnh trnh trn bin.
VD minh ha: Nh cu 12
Lu :
C th hi thm c v tn tht ring, hoc a ra bi tp tnh hung v
phn bit u l tn tht chung u l tn tht ring, tnh hung hi xem
l c c tnh vo tn tht chung hay ko
Mt con tu i bin, nghe tin c bo nn qung bt hng chy cho
nhanh. Tuy nhin sau bo i i hng v khng xy ra nh d
bo. Nh vy s hng b qung do nghe d bo lc u c c tnh l
tn tht chung hay ko?
40
14. Trch nhim ca cc bn lin quan khi xy ra tn tht chung

Tr li:
Khi xy ra tn tht chung, cc bn lin quan c nhng trch nhim sau:
+ Ch tu v thuyn trng:
- Tuyn b tn tht chung
- Mi gim nh vin n gim nh tn tht ca tu v hng.
- Gi cho cc ch hng bn cam oan ng gp v giy cam oan
ng gp tn tht ch hng v ng bo him in v xut trnh
khi nhn hng
- Ch nh mt nhn vin tnh ton, phn b tn tht chung
- Lp khng ngh hng hi nu cn
- ng gp vo tn tht chung sau khi phn b xong tn tht chung
+ Ch hng:
- Nhn bn cam oan ng gp tn tht chung v giy cam oan
ng gp tn tht chung
- K khai gi tr hng ha
- ng gp vo tn tht chung sau khi phn b
Lu :
C th c cu hi nh sau:
Nu gi s tu h hng, ch tu phi d hng A ra sa tu ri li xp
hng A vo chy tu tip. Chi ph xp d nh vy c tnh vo TTC hay
ko? Trong TH ko tnh m ch hng A ko chu tr th ch tu phi lm th
no? (haizz, chc l i bo him thi)
41
Cu 15: Nhng sa i c bn ca qui tc York Antwerp 2004 so vi
cc qui tc trc
Tr li:
Nhng sa i c bn
53
ca qui tc York - Antwerp
54
2004
55
:
Qui tc VI: Chi ph cu h b loi tr khi tn tht chung
56
Loi b nguyn tc 2: ch c cc tn tht v chi ph xy ra v an ton chung ca
cc ti sn trong hnh trnh mi c a vo tn tht chung cn cc chi ph v li
ch chung s b hy b
thay i qui tc XI: tin lng ca s quan thy th trong thi gian tu lu li cng
lnh nn s khng c a vo tn tht chung, tuy nhin chi ph nhin liu v ph
tng thay th vn c a vo tn tht chung
Khon li sut 2% trong qui tc XX b bi b
57
Li sut trong qui tc XXI vn c duy tr nhng khng phi l 7%
58
m s c
y ban hng hi quc t (CMI) n nh hng nm
Thi hiu t tng: 1 nm k t ngy bn tnh ton phn b tn tht chung c
cng b, hoc 6 nm k t ngy kt thc hnh trnh trong xy ra tn tht
chung. Tuy nhin cc bn vn c th tha thun ko di thi hn trn.
53
Thay i do p lc ch yu t pha Lin on bo him hng hi quc t (IUMU)
54
Qui tc Y-A gii quyt cc vn v tn tht chung CU S 10 (chng 2)
55
C hiu lc t 1/1/2005 v tr nn bt li cho ch tu
56
B do nhiu trng hp lng ph v ko r rng, tuy nhin c cho vo tt chung khi
chi ph ny c 1 bn i din cho bn khc lin quan ti hnh trnh ng tr trc
(v d: ch tu chng hn)
57
Quy tc XX = Qui tc xt x: Vic ng qu: Khon tin 2% ca s tin chi cho TTC
khng k lng v ph cp cho thuyn trng, cc s quan v thy th on v cc
nhin liu v cc d tr khc khng phi thay th trong hnh trnh, s c tha nhn
trong TTC
58
Li tc cho nhng thit hi c coi l TTC
42
Cu 16: Vai tr cn thit ca bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng
ng bin
Tr li:
Hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin thng gp rt nhiu ri ro
59
c th gy
ra nhng h hng, mt mt nh tu b mc cn, m, m va nhau, chy, n,
mt tch, ...
Trch nhim ca ngi chuyn ch ng bin rt hn ch v vic khiu ni
i bi thng rt kh khn
Mua bo him mi bo v c li ch ca doanh nghip khi c tn tht v to
ra tm l an tm trong kinh doanh
Mua bo him cho hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin l mt tp qun
thng mi quc t
60
.
Ngoi ra cn mt vai tr na, bo him gip tng thc gi gn an ton hng ha.
ny c gii thch t pha trch nhim ca bn bo him v thc tng thm ca bn
mua bo him.
59
C th b hi vn nhng ri ro y l nhng ri ro g, cn ch
60
Thc ra khng bt buc, nhng thnh thng l, thi quen
43
Cu 17: Cc iu kin bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng
bin do Vin nhng ngi bo him Lun n ILU ban hnh
Tr li:
Cc iu kin ny c gi tt l cc ICC (Institue Cargo Clauses):
* ICC 1963:
1. FPA (Free from Particular Average): iu kin min tn tht ring
2. WA (Wich Particular Average): iu kin bo him tn tht ring
3. AR (All Risk): iu kin bo him mi ri ro
4. WR (War Risk): iu kin bo him cc ri ro chin tranh
5. SRCC: iu kin bo him ri ro nh cng
3 iu kin u l 3 iu kin bo him gc, iu kin 4&5 l iu kin bo him cc
ri ro c bit
* ICC 1982
61
:
1. C: phm vi bo him tng ng vi FPA
2. B: phm vi bo him tng ng vi WA
3. A: phm vi bo him tng ng vi AR
4. ri ro chin tranh - WR
5. ri ro nh cng cm xng - SRCC
61
Hin nay ph bin p dng ICC 82
44
Cu18: Cc iu kin bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin
ca Anh v ca Vit Nam
Tr li:
Bo him VN s dng cc qui tc chung do B ti chnh ban hnh vi ni dung ch
yu da trn cc ICC:
- QTC 1965: FPA, WA, AR tng t nh ICC 1963 nhng cha cp ti WR v
SRCC c 5 /k bo him theo QTC 65
- QTC 1990: C, B, A tng t nh ICC 1982; Ngoi ra c quy nh cc t chc c th
m rng cc iu kin bo him
45
Cu 19: Phm vi trch nhim bo him theo iu kin A ICC 1982

Tr li:
Bo him bi thng trong 12 trng hp, bao gm
7 iu kin C:
1. Mc cn, m chy, m va
2. D hng ti mt cng gp nn
3. Phng tin vn chuyn ng b b lt hoc b trt bnh
4. Tn tht chung v cc chi ph hp l (chi ph cu nn, chi ph phng
hn ch tn tht, chi ph gim nh, chi ph khiu ni t tng)
5. Nm hng ra khi tu
62
6. Mt tch
63
7. Phn trch nhim m ngi bo him phi chu theo iu khon 2 tu
m va nhau cng c li
Thm 4 iu kin trong B:
8. ng t, ni la phun, st nh.
9. Nc cun khi tu
64

10. Nc bin, nc sng, nc h trn vo tu, hm hng, x lan, phng
tin vn chuyn hoc ni cha hng
11. Tn tht ton b ca bt k mt kin hng no do ri khi tu hoc ri
trong khi ang xp d hng ha.
Thm mt iu kin tn tht ph:
12. Tn tht do cc ri ro ph gy nn: rch, v, g, bp, cong, vnh, hp
hi, mt mi, ly hi, ly bn, hnh vi c hoc ph hoi (khng phi
ca ngi c bo him), va p vo hng ha khc, trm, cp, cp,
nc ma
65
, giao thiu hng ha hoc khng giao, mc cu hoc cc
ri ro tng t.
62
Gm nm xung bin, nm ln tu khc v nm ln b (c th l tt chung hoc tt
ring)
63
Hng mt tch khi tu mt tch hoc hng mt tch khi tu ko mt tch (nm hng
sang tu khc nhng ri xung bin ko trc vt c)
64
K c trng hp do iu kin khc nghit khin t dy ri hng
65
Ch , rt quan trng, nc ma ch c cp trong iu kin cao nht l iu
kin A. iu kin B ch l nc bin
46
Cu 20: Phm vi trch nhim bo him theo iu kin B ICC 1982
Tr li:
Bo him bi thng trong 11 trng hp bao gm:
7 iu kin C:
5. Nm hng ra khi tu
66
6. Mt tch
67
m va nhau cng c li
4 iu kin thm
8. ng t, ni la phun, st nh.
9. Nc cun khi tu
68

10. Nc bin, nc sng, nc h
69
trn vo tu, hm hng, x lan,
phng tin vn chuyn hoc ni cha hng
11. Tn tht ton b ca bt k mt kin hng no do ri khi tu hoc ri
trong khi ang xp d hng ha.
66
ring)
67
68
K c trng hp do iu kin khc nghit khin t dy ri hng
69
Lu , iu kin B ch c nc bin, sng, h, khng h c nc ma. Nu ni ti
nc ma th phi l iu kin A
47
Cu 21: Phm vi trch nhim bo him theo iu kin C ICC 1982
Tr li:
Bo him bi thng trong 7 trng hp:
5. Nm hng ra khi tu
70
6. Mt tch
71
m va nhau cng c li
72
70
ring)
71
72
Ht sc ch iu khon 2 tu m va nhau cng c li, rt c th s b hi, v
vy cn hiu k loi ny.
48
Cu 22: Phm vi trch nhim bo him theo 2 iu kin bo him c
bit ca ICC 1982
2 iu kin bo him c bit gm wr- bo him ri ro chin tranh v
SRCC- bo him ri ro nh cng. y l 2 iu kin bo him loi tr trong
cc iu kin bo him chnh v ngi c bo him phi mua thm nu
mun c bo him. C th:
1. Bo him ri ro chin tranh:
Cc ri ro c bo him:
Chin tranh, ni chin, cch mng, ni lon, khi ngha hoc
xung t dn s pht sinh t nhng bin c hoc bt k hnh
ng th ch no gy ra bi hay chng li 1 th lc tham chin
B chim ot, tch thu, b bt, b kim ch hoc b gi li pht
sinh t nhng bin c ni trn v hu qu ca chng, hoc m
mu tin hnh nhng hot ng .
Mn, ng li, bom hoc cc v kh chin tranh khc cn st li.
ng gp tn tht chung
2. iu kin bo him nh cng:
Ri ro c bo him:
Ngi nh cng, cng nhn b cm xng, hoc nhng ngi
tham gia gy ri lon lao ng, bo ng hoc ni dy ca dn
chng.
Bt k k khng b no hoc ngi no hnh ng v mc ch
chnh tr
49
Tn tht chung v chi ph cu nn.
50
Cu 23: iu khon bo him t kho n kho trong bo him hng
ha vn chuyn bng ng bin.
iu khon t kho n kho quy nh v mt khng gian v thi gian
ngi bo him chu trch nhim v hng ha. (c th la chn hnh trnh
nh hn c bo him)
Qung ng t cng n n kho n: bo him chu trch nhim
trong vng 60 ngy.
Bo him s ht hiu lc ty thuc vo 1 trong 2 iu kin:
- Hng c cho vo kho an ton (khng cn ch ht 60 ngy
na)
- Sau 60 ngy k t khi d hng xong.
Trong :
- Kho i: l kho m hng ha c ng gi 1 cch hon chnh
ch xp ln phng tin vn chuyn ng b, ng song mang ra
cng bin hoc l kho c ghi trn hp ng bo him. (tuy nhin, ng
bo him ch chu trch nhim tn tht nu tn tht xy ra trong thi
gian t khi hng c xp ln phng tin vn ti, ch khng da vo khi
nim kho i )
- Kho n: l kho cui cng thuc quyn s hu ca hoc qun l ca
ngi c bo him hoc l kho nm ngoi hnh trnh vn chuyn bnh
thng ca tu hoc l kho m hng ha c gi nhm n hoc l kho
m ng c bo heiemr dung lm ni lu kho, lu bi, hay phn phi hng
ha hay la fkho c ghi trn hp ng bo him.
51
Cu 24: Cc loi hp ng bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng
ng bin.
1. Hp ng bo him chuyn (Voyage Policy)
- nh ngha: l hp ng bo him cho mt chuyn hng hoc mt l
hng c vn chuyn t mt cng ny n mt cng khc.
- Hiu lc: lun tun theo iu khon t kho n kho.
- Ch c gi tr i vi tng chuyn hng
- c th hin bng n bo him hoc giy chng nhn bo him
2. Hp ng bo him bao (Floating Policy)
- nh ngha: l hp ng dung bo him cho nhiu chuyn, nhiu
l hng trong 1 khong thi gian nht nh -> gi thng bo trc
mi chuyn hng.
- C gi tr t ng linh hot, gip gim c thi gian v chi ph m
phn v trnh c vic qun khng k hp ng bo him.
3. Hp ng bo him nh gi (Valued Policy)
- nh ngha: l loi hp ng khi k ngi ta nu r tr gi hoc s
tin bo him ca hp ng bo him.
- u im: d tnh ton ph bo him -> ch hng chc chn nhn
c tin khi c tn tht xy ra.
- Nhc im: nu bin ng theo hng gi ln th ch hng b thit
v n v bo him s ch bi thng theo mc ban u -> nn s
dng trong hnh trnh ngn, i vi nhng l hng c gi c bin
ng t trn th trng.
4. Hp ng bo him khng nh gi (Unvalued Policy)
- nh ngha: l loi hp ng khi k kt ngi ta khng ghi r s tin
bo him hay gi tr bo him m ch nu ra nguyn tc tnh s
tin hay gi tr bo him: cn c vo gi tr hng ha bn n vo
ngy tu n hoc ngy tu ng k phi n hoc tr gi hng ha
52
lc xy ra tn tht, lc bi thng hoc lc chp nhn bi thng. ->
vn phi np tin tm ng ch ko phi ph Bo him c nh.
- p dng i vi hng ha c gi c hay b bin ng trn th trng.
- VNam: khng s dng loi hp ng ny (theo Lut Kinh doanh Bo
him 2000)
Cu 25: Mt l hng phn bn, ch hng ch mun bo him hng b
t nc bin. Bn t vn cho ch hng nn mua bo him theo
iu khon no, A, B hay C?? Gii thch.
Nn s dng loi hnh bo him loi B. Do loi hnh bo him loi C ko bi
thng cho tn tht loi ny, cn loi hnh bo him loi A th khng cn thit v ch
hng ch mun bo him hng b t nc bin thi (bo him loi A t tin hn)
53
Cu 26: Ri ro cp bin c c bo him trong iu kin AR ca
ICC 1963 hay khng? Nu khng th n c bo him theo iu
kin bo him no? Theo ICC 1982 th c th bo him cho ri ro
cp bin theo nhng cch no? Ti sao?
Tr li:
1. Trong ICC 1963, ri ro cp bin khng c bo him trong iu kin
AR, n c xp vo phm vi bo him trong iu kin bo him chin
tranh WR 1963.
2. Tuy nhin trong ICC 1963 cng khng cp n iu kin WR, v vy,
ch c th mua thm iu kin ny bn ngoi. y cng l mt nhc
im ca ICC 1963.
3. Theo ICC 1982, Ri ro cp bin c xp vo nhm ri ro ph, v
vy ch c iu kin bo him cao nht l iu kin A, ri ro ny mi
c bo him. Ri ro ny c tch ra khi ri ro chin tranh, v
vy mun c bo him, phi mua iu kin A.
54
Cu 27: so snh n bo him v giy chng nhn bo him.
Ging nhau: l nhng hnh thc ca hp ng bo him chuyn, c gi
tr cho tng chuyn hng v lun tun theo iu khon t kho n kho.
Khc nhau:
+ v hnh thc: n bo him y hn giy chng nhn bo him, bao gm
2 mt, mt trc v mt sau.
+ v ni dung: 2 mt ca n bo him gm:
- Mt 1: ghi cc chi tit v hng ha, tu, hnh trnh, ngi bo him,
ngi c bo him.
Tn, a ch ca ng BH v ng c BH
Tn hng, s lg, trng lg, s vn n
Cng i, cng n, cng chuyn ti
Gi tr BH, s tin BH
iu kin BH
T l ph BH, ph BH
Ni v c quan gim nh tn tht
Ni v cch thc bi thng
Ngy thng, ch k ca cng ty BH (ch cso ch k ca 1 bn=>>
tnh cht n v)
- Mt 2: in sn quy tc, th l ca cng ty bo him
Cn i vi giy chng nhn bo him, y c xem nh l 1 n bo
him vn tt, ch c ni dung nh mt 1 ca n bo him.
55
Cu 28: B h s khiu ni ngi bo him trong bo him hng ha
vn chuyn bng ng bin
D khiu ni i bi thng tn tht g th b h s khiu ni cng phi
gm cc giy t sau y:
1. n bo him (Insurance Policy) hoc Giy chng nhn bo him
(Certificate of Insurance), bn gc;
2. Vn n ng bin (B/L) bn gc v hp ng thu tu (C/P);
3. Ha n thng mi (Commercial Invoice) (bn chnh);
4. Ha n v cc chi ph khc, nu c;
5. Giy chng nhn trng lng, s lng;
6. Bin bn kt ton nhn hng vi tu (Report on Receipt of Cargo);
7. Phiu ng gi (Packing List) (Bn chnh);
8. Vn bn giy t c lin quan n vic i ngi th ba bi thng v tr li
ca h, nu c;
9. Khng ngh hng hi (Sea Protest) hoc Nht k hng hi (Log Book);
10. Th khiu ni c ghi r s tin yu cu bi thng.
Ngoi ra, ty trng hp tn tht cn phi c:
a. Nu i bi thng hng ha b h hng, v, thiu ht, gim
phm cht:
11. Bin bn gim nh (Survey Report ca ngi bo him hoc i l ca h
cp;
12. Bin bn d hng (Cargo Outturn Report - COR);
13. Bin bn v h hng do Cng gy nn;
14. Th d khng (Letter of Reservation) trong trng hp tn tht khng r
rt.
b. Nu i bi thng hng thiu nguyn kin:
11. Bn kt ton nhn hng vi tu (ROROC);
12. Giy chng nhn hng thiu (Certificate of Shortlanded Cargo) do i l tu
bin cp;
56
13. Kt ton li (Correction Sheet) ca Cng, nu c.
c. Nu i bi thng tn tht chung:
11. Vn bn tuyn b tn tht chung ca Thuyn trng (g/a declartion letter);
12. Bn tnh ton, phn b tn tht chung (General Average Adjustment) ca l
ton s;
13. Cc vn bn c lin quan khc nh Valuation Form, Average Bond,
Average Guarantee
Note:
- So snh n bo him v Giy chng nhn bo him => cu 27 chng
II
- Cc vn lin quan n Vn n ng bin v Hp ng thu tu =>
xem thm trong gio trnh Giao nhn vn ti.
57
CU 29: Cc nguyn tc bi thng trong hp ng vn chuyn hng
ha bng ng bin
Tr li:
Nguyn tc tnh ton tin bi thng tn tht ti cc cng ty bo him Vit Nam:
1) Bi thng bng tin ch k bi thng bng hin vt: nu k c tha thun no
khc th np ph bo him bng ng tin no c bi thng bng ng tin .
2) V nguyn tc, trch nhim ca ngi bo him ch gii hn trong phm vi s tin
bo him nhng khi cng thm cc chi ph hp l khc (cu h, gim nh, tn
tht chung) lm s tin bi thng vt qu s tin bo him th cng ty bo him
vn phi bi thng.
3) Khi thanh ton tin bi thng, ngi bo him c th khu tr nhng khon thu
nhp ca ngi c bo him trong vic bn hng v i bi thng t ngi
th ba
Cch tnh ton bi thng tn tht
1) Tn tht ton b thc t:
Ngi bo him bi thng ton b s tin bo him hoc gi tr bo him.
2) Tn tht ton b c tnh:
c t b hng + c chp nhn bi thng ton b
ko t b hng hoc c t b hng + ko c chp nhn bi thng b phn
3) Tn tht b phn:
Theo cng thc P= ((V1-V2)/V1)*A (hoc A/V nu A<V)
Gi tr V1- trc khi c tn tht, V2- sau khi c tn tht. Vic xc nh s do c quan
gim nh. Ch v cch xc nh tn tht i vi container hay hng nguyn kin
4) Bi thng cc chi ph:
Chi ph t tng v phng hn ch tn tht hoc bo v quyn li ca hng ha
bo him hoc nhng chi ph lin quan n vic i ngi th 3 bi thng.
Chi ph gim nh tn tht thuc trch nhim bo him.
5) Bi thng tn tht chung:
Hy sinh tn tht chung: ton b hy sinh tn tht chung
ng gp tn tht chung: trn c s bng phn b tn tht chung
Thi hn thanh ton bi thng: 30 ngy k t ngy ng bo him nhn c h s khiu
ni hp l.
58
CU 30: Bo him thn tu l g? S cn thit phi Bo him thn
tu?
Tr li:
1) Bo him thn tu l bo him nhng ri ro tn tht xy ra i vi v tu, my
mc thit b trn tu, mt phn trch nhim ca ch tu do ri ro m va, v
nhng chi ch ch tu c th thit hi trong qu trnh kinh doanh.
2) S cn thit:
Tu c trng ti v dung tch ln, thi gian hot ng ko di, d b nh
hng bi thin tai, tai nn bt ngi trn bin.
Tr gi ca v tu rt ln nn cc ch tu thng ng trc nguy c ln.
Ngy nay cc con tu c trang b rt hin i nn kh khc phc c cc
s c trn bin, kh nng ri ro b dng hnh trnh l rt ln suy ra tn tht
ln. Nguy c thy th on c hnh vi c .
Hot ng ca con tu trn bin trong qu trnh khai thc rt d gy tn tht
cho ngi khc v ch tu phi chu trch nhim i vi nhng tn tht .
59
CU 31: i tng bo him trong bo him thn tu?
Tr li:
i tng ca Bo him thn tu gm 4 i tng l:
1) V tu
2) My mc thit b trn tu
3) 1 phn trch nhim ca ch hng do ri ro m va
4) Nhng chi ph ch tu c th b thit hi trong qu trnh kinh doanh.
Vi v tu v my mc l nhng g gn lin vi tu, trong bo him thn tu thng
thng c sn.
Trch nhim do m va, vi bo him thn tu thng thng ch c bo him mt
phn (3/4), phn cn li (1/4) do bo him TNDS P&I v phi iu kin bo him
FOD tr i mi c bo him ri ro m va.
Thit hi kinh doanh ch tu?
60
CU 32: Cc loi hp ng bo him thn tu? S khc nhau gia
chng?
Tr li:
Cc loi H bo him thn tu:
1. Bo him thi hn thn tu: Bh thn tu trong 1 thi hn nht nh, thng
l 12 thng hoc t hn v phi c ghi r trong hp ng.Thi hn bt u
v kt thc cng phi quy nh c th.
2. Bo him chi ph thn tu: Bh cc chi ph ca 1 con tu trong 1 hnh trnh
gm trang thit b, vt phm cung ng, tin lng ng trc cho s quan thy
th.
3. Bo him chuyn: bh cho 1 con tu trong 1 hnh trnh t 1 cng ny n 1
cng khc v bo him cho 1 chuyn kh hi => s dng bh cho tu ng
mi XK hoc tu mang i sa cha hoc bn tu.
4. Bo him ri ro ngi ng tu: Ngi mua bh l nhng ngi ng tu, bh
cho con tu t lc bt u ng cho n khi giao xong, khng ch bh cho vt
cht thn tu m cn bh cho nhng vn khc nh: bh gin on sn xut, bh
li d tnh, bh cho cng nhn ng tu, bh ting n.
5. Bo him ri ro sa cha tu: ngi mua bo him l ch tu bh cho nhng
ri ro pht sinh trong qu trnh sa cha tu m nhng ri ro ny li k c bh
trong bo him thi hn thn tu.
6. Bo him ri ro cho ngi sa cha tu: ngi mua bh l ngi sa cha
tu bh cho nhng thit b tn tht.
7. Bo him chi ph sa cha tu: Bo him cho cc chi ph pht sinh cho qu
trnh sa cha tu.
Cc im khc nhau gia cc hp ng bo him ny l v: ch th mua bo him,
ni dung bo him, thi hn bo him. C th c th thy r trong khi nim mi
loi nu.
61
CU 33: Phm vi trch nhim bo him v mt khng gian v thi
gian i vi tng loi hp ng bo him thn tu?
Tr li:
C 2 loi hp ng bo him thn tu chnh l bo him thi hn v bo him chuyn.
Sau y l phm vi trch nhim cho tng loi hp ng ny.
a) H bo him thi hn:
Bo him c hiu lc t 24h ca ngy k kt n ht 24h ca ngy c hiu lc.
Khi nim gi do 2 bn tha thun, c th l gi a phng hoc quc t.
Nu ht 24h ca ngy ht hn m tu cha v n cng th s ch cho n khi tu
neo u an ton ti 1 cng no hoc cng n (ch tu phi np thm ph bo
him cho thi hn ko di)
b) H bo him chuyn:
Bo him c hiu lc khi tu nh neo v kt thc sau 24h khi tu th neo an ton
ch d hng ti cng n.
Bo him cng ht hiu lc khi :
o Tu thay i cp hng hoc cng ty ng kim.
o Tu i chch hng m khng c l do chnh ng.
o Thay i v ch quyn, quc k, quyn qun l, cho thu hoc b trng dng.
62
CU 34: Cc ri ro c bo him theo cc iu kin bo him ca
ITC 1995?
Tr li:
Theo cc quy nh c th trong ITC 1995, trong c chia ra cc iu kin bo
him. Tm lc li, ta c th nu ra cc Cc ri ro tn tht c bo him chnh
nh sau:
1) Tn tht ton b thc t
2) Tn tht ton b c tnh
3) Chi ph cu nn
73
4) Chi ph khiu ni t tng v phng hn ch tn tht
5) Chi ph trch nhim m va
6) Chi ph ng gp tn tht chung
74
7) Tn tht b phn v hnh ng tn tht chung c gii hn 1 s b phn d
tho ri, h hng
8) Tn tht ring, tn tht b phn ca tu v my mc v cu ha hoc m va
vi tu khc
75
9) Tn tht b phn v hnh ng tn tht chung khng gii hn mc 7
10) Tn tht ring, tn tht b phn khng gii hn mc 8
76
Trn y l 10 ri ro chnh c bo him theo cc iu kin bo him thn tu
chnh ca ITC 1995. Ngoi ra cn c mt s iu kin bo him khc, nhng t
ph bin v phi mua thm nh : Port risk, IVC-FPA, bo him xy dng v kin
thit tu
73
iu kin TLO: t 1 n 3
74
iu kin FOD: t 1 n 6 c bo him tn tht chung + trch nhim
m va, ch tu phi mua bo him iu kin ti thiu l FOD (thng gp nht)
75
iu kin FPA: t 1 n 8
76
iu kin ITC: t 1 n 10
63
CU 35: Ni dung cc iu kin bo him thn tu theo ITC 1995?
Tr li:
ITC ch a ra cc quy nh chung v bo him thn tu ch k cp c th n
cc iu kin bo him, cc cty Bo him phi cn c vo ni dung ca ITC
a ra 1 s iu kin bo him thn tu ch tu la chn khi mua Bo him.
Trn thc t, ph bin xut hin cc iu kin bo him sau:
k 1: TLO: Total Loss Only: k ch bo him tn tht ton b.
k 2: FOD-Free of Damage Absolutely: k loi tr tuyt i tn tht b
phn
k 3: FPA-Free from Particular Average: k min tn tht ring
k 4: ITC-Institute Time Clause: k bo him thi hn thn tu
Ngoi ra, cn c mt s iu kin bo him khc, nhng t ph bin hn.
k 5: IVC-FPA: Institute Voyage Clause & Free from Particular
Average absolutely: k bo him loi tr tuyt i tn tht ring v
chuyn
k 6: Port Risks: k bo him ri ro cng
k 7: Building and Construction Clause: k bo him xy dng v kin
thit tu
C th vi 10 ni dung bo him chnh sau:
1. Tn tht ton b thc t
2. Tn tht ton b c tnh
3. Chi ph cu nn
4. Chi ph khiu ni t tng v phng hn ch tn tht
5. Chi ph trch nhim m va
6. Chi ph ng gp tn tht chung
7. Tn tht b phn v hnh ng tn tht chung c gii hn 1 s b phn d
tho ri, h hng
8. Tn tht ring, tn tht b phn ca tu v my mc v cu ha hoc m va vi
tu khc
9. Tn tht b phn v hnh ng tn tht chung khng gii hn mc 7
10. Tn tht ring, tn tht b phn khng gii hn mc 8
iu kin TLO: t 1 n 3
iu kin FOD: t 1 n 6. FOD l /k ti thiu m cc ch tu hay mua v c
bo him c TN m va v tn tht chung.
iu kin FPA: t 1 n 8
iu kin ITC: t 1 n 10
64
CU 36: Ni dung iu kin bo him tn tht ton b TLO theo ITC
1995
Tr li:
TLO l iu kin bo him thn tu u tin v thp nht trong TC 1995. Trong
ch bo him cho nhng tn tht ton b, bao gm 3 ni dung bo him c th sau:
77
78
3. Chi ph cu nn
79
Ch : Vi TT ton b c tnh l tn tht xt thy ko trnh khi TTTB thc t hoc
chi ph cu cha > TTTB thc t.
77
Khi tu b m, chm, hng (hay thit hi) ton b
78
Ch v tn tht ton b c tnh, bo him chp nhn BH khi TTTB c tnh
79
Khi tu gp nn, vn s c cu nn, nhng nu cu nn ko cu c tu v tu b
tn tht ton b chi ph cu nn cng c tnh vo bo him
65
CU 37: Ni dung ca iu kin bo him min tn tht b phn
FOD
abs
theo ITC 1995
Tr li:
FOD (free from damage absolutely) loi tr tuyt i cc tn tht b phn. L iu
kin bo him thn tu th 2 trong ITC 1995. Theo , khng bo him cho cc tn
tht b phn, c th gm nhng ni dung bo him sau
1,2,3 ging nh trong TLO (tn tht ton b), c th
80
81
3. Chi ph cu nn
82
Ngoi ra cn thm 3 ni dung bo him sau:
4. Chi ph khiu ni, t tng v phng hn ch tn tht
83
80
81
82
83
Ch ti trch nhim m va (tu loi m va), v y l m va trong bo him
thn tu ch ko phi bo him hng ho CU 40
Trong bo him thn tu, trch nhim m va ch c t iu kin FOD tr i
Trong bo him thn tu, trch nhim m va, tn tht chung ch c t iu kin FOD
tr i
66
CU 38: Ni dung ca iu kin bo him min tn tht ring, FPA
abs
theo ITC 1995
Tr li:
iu kin FPA
abs
Free from particular average, min tn tht ring, l iu kin bo
him thn tu th 3 the ITC 1995. Theo cc ni dung c bo him gm 8 iu,
trong
C 3 iu ca iu kin 1 TLO:
84
85
3. Chi ph cu nn
86
C 3 iu ca iu kin 2 FOD
87
B sung thm 2 ni dung na:
7. Tn tht b phn v hnh ng tn tht chung c gii hn mt s b phn d
tho ri, d h hng
8. Tn tht ring, tn tht b phn ca tu v my mc v cu hng ho hoc m va
vi tu khc
88
84
85
86
87
Ch ti trch nhim m va (tu loi m va), v y l m va trong bo him
thn tu ch ko phi bo him hng ho CU 40
Trong bo him thn tu, trch nhim m va, tn tht chung ch c t iu kin FOD
tr i
88
Ch , y vn thy cp ti tn tht ring ca tu thiu xt trong iu lut
67
CU 39: Ni dung ca iu kin bo him mi ri ro AR theo ITC
1995
Tr li:
Trong phn loi, c th coi iu kin bo him mi ri ro l iu kin ITC, iu kin
4, bo him thi hn thn tu, do vi mc bo him cao nht (trong 4 loi bo
him c bn), cc ni dung c bo him ca AR
89
gm tt c cc iu kin B/h ca
3 iu kin trc , c th gm 10 iu kin nh sau:
3 iu kin ca TLO
3. Chi ph cu nn
3 iu kin thm ca FOD
2 iu kin thm ca FPA
7. Tn tht b phn v hnh ng tn tht chung c gii hn mt s b phn d
tho ri, d h hng
8. tht ring, tn tht b phn ca tu v my mc v cu hng ho hoc m va vi
tu khc
B sung thm 2 iu kin na l:
9. Tn tht b phn v hnh ng tn tht chung khng gii hn mc (7)
10. Tn tht b phn, tng tht ring khng gii hn mc (8).
89
Khng thy c AR trong ITC 1995, theo suy on, rt c th y chnh l iu kin
ITC, vi , ni dung bo him l rng nht, tuy nhin vn c th mua thm cc ri ro
bo him khc nh hn.
68
CU 40: Khi tai nn m va xy ra, ngi bo him thn tu phi c
trch nhim i vi cc tn tht thit hi no ca tu c bo
him
Tr li:
Trong tai nn m va, s c 3 trng hp, bn A c li hon ton, mt phn hoc
khng c li. Trng hp c li hon ton khng bi thng, khng c li bi
thng cho bn A. Ta s phn tch trng hp c li mt phn (2 tu cng c li), l
trng hp chnh thng xy ra. Khi 2 tu cng c li, BH thn tu tu A c trch
nhim nh sau:
90
*Vi tu A (tu c bo him):
- Ch chu trch nhim i vi thit hi vt cht thn tu (khng chu TN vi
Kinh doanh, hng ho, ngi)
*Vi tu B (tu b m, ko c bo him):
Bo him bn A ch bi thng thay cho Bn A phn trch nhim m va pht
sinh vi tu B, nhng ch gii hn trong trch nhim m va pht sinh v khng
vt qu s tin bo him
- Tn tht thit hi Vt cht ca tu b m
- Tn tht thit hi v ti sn hng ho
- Tn tht, thit hi v kinh doanh
- Tn tht chung, cu nn ca tu b m trong tai nn m va (nu c)
90
Cc khon cha c bo him
*Vi tu A: hng ho + kinh doanh + ngi trn tu A
*Vi tu B: trch nhim m va (tu A tr cho B) + phn ln hn s tin bo
him
Cch xc nh:
B1- Xc nh TN ch tu A vi tu B (ko phi TNDS, ch gm vt cht tu + hng +
kinh doanh + tn tht chung (nu c), ko c ngi
B2 Bi thng trch nhim trn (hoc s tin bo him, phn trn ln hn)
69
CU 41: Cho v d minh ho v phn trch nhim m ch hng phi
chu theo iu khon hai tu m va nhau cng c li. c
bi thng cho tn tht ny, ch hng phi tham gia iu kin
bo him no.
Tr li
Trc ht, y l ni v CH HNG, v vy s lin quan ti bo him hng ho
c bi thng phn trch nhim m va, ch hng phi mua iu kin bo him
hng ho, c 3 iu kin A, B, C u c bo him. V vy c th ch cn mua /k
bo him ti thiu l A l c bi thng trch nhim m va ri.
V d nh sau:
2 tu A, B m va nhau: Cc s liu sau khi gim nh nh sau:
A B
T l li
Thit hi tu T
a
T
b
Thit hi hng H
a
H
b
Bo him hng A bi thng cho Hng A l :
- Tn tht do m va H
a
(nu ch hng A i i bo him)
- Khon gnh chu theo iu khon m va cng c li (nu hng A i i tu B
v bt tu B phi tr H
a
cho mnh). Ch hng A i tu B, tu B tr cho ch
hng A khon H
a
, sau quay sang i tu B, v tu B c li trong tn tht
H
a
. Tu A tr cho tu B H
a
, nhng sau li i l ch hng A khon
H
a
ny v Tu A vn ko phi bi thng cho hng A b thit hi. V vy, ch
hng A nhn Ha t tu B, nhng phi tr Ha cho ch tu A. Nu c bo
him, th khon Ha s do bo him thay mt tr.
C TH HN, XIN HY XEM PHN TCH K PHN TRCH NHIM
M VA.
70
CU 42: Gii thch phn trch nhim m ngi c bo him phi
chu theo iu khon hai tu m va nhau cng c li trong vn
n.
Vn n do Tu A (ngi chuyn ch) k cho ch hng A. Trong qu trnh vn
chuyn, Tu A v tu B xy ra tai nn m va, v thng trong tai nn m va s
xy ra trng hp 2 tu cng c li. Khi s c thit hi i vi hng ca A,
nhng ch hng A li ko th i i Tu A c, v ch c th i tu B. Tu B bi
thng cho hng A ton b thit hi Hng, song li i tu A phn trch nhim
m va ca h i vi hng A. Tu A tr cho tu B phn trch nhim ny, sau
i li hng A phn trch nhim m va (v vn d tu A ko phi tr nhng g
lin quan ti hng A). Vi iu khon trn trn vn n, phn trch nhim m va
s do ngi c bo him tr cho tu A thay cho ch hng A.
C TH CC BN NGHIN CU THM PHN TRCH NHIM M
VA
71
Cu 43: Tn tht ca hng ha do tu c bo him m va vo tu
khc m c hai tu u c li s c bi thng bi nhng
ngi no? Ti sao? Cho v d minh ha.
Tr li
1. Tn tht ca hng ha:
Trn tu b m va : s c th c bi thng bi :
o ch tu c bo him
91
: v 2 tu u c li
Khon ny s c bi thng gin tip bi cc ch
th sau:
cng ty bo him ca tu c bo him
92
: v
ri ro m va theo iu khon 2 tu m va nhau
cng c li l loi ri ro c bo him trong bo
him thn tu
P&I ca tu c bo him
93
: (trong TH tu
c bo him tham gia vo hi P&I) hi s chu
nt phn trch nhim m va cn li ca ch tu,
trong c mt phn trch nhim i vi hng ha
trn tu b m
o cng ty bo him ca hng ha : (trong TH hng
ha c mua bo him) v ri ro m va l mt ri
ro c bn lun c bo him trong mi loi iu kin
bo him hng ha
Trn tu c bo him : (tng t) s c th c bi thng
bi :
o ch tu b m va
cng ty bo him ca tu b m va
P&I ca tu b m va
91
ch tu bi thng theo t l li (t l ny do ta phn x, nhng thng
c xc nh da trn gi tr so snh 2 con tu)
92
bo him gii hn bi thng mc trch nhim m va pht sinh v ko
vt qu s tin bo him
93
trong ri ro m va, P&I bi thng cho c 2 ch tu:
- Tu c BH : tn tht v ng + hng chuyn ch trn tu (ci ny hiu
lm, v tu c phi chu ci j lquan n hng u nh???)
- Tu b m : trch nhim ca tu c BH vi tu b m + phn trch
nhim vt qu s tin BH + thit hi ti sn khc do b tu c BH m
va
72
o cng ty bo him ca hng ha
2. V d
Tu A c bo him ngang gi tr, m va vi tu B, li mi bn 50%. Tn tht tu
A l 10000$, tn tht hng trn tu A l 4000$; tn tht tu B l 20000$, hng trn tu
B l 8000$.
Khi :
- Hng trn tu B c bi thng nh sau :
o Tu A bi thng : 50% * 8000 = 4000$
Trong :
bo him tu A ng gp : * 4000 = 3000$
tu A t chiu hoc hi P&I ca tu A chu thay : * 4000
= 1000$
o Bo him ca hng ha tu B bi thng (TH hng ha c
mua bo him): 50% * 8000 = 4000$
- Hng trn tu A c bi thng nh sau:
o Tu B bi thng : 50% * 4000 = 2000$
Trong :
- Bo him tu B ng gp (TH tu B mua bo him): *
2000 = 1500$
- Tu B t chu hoc hi P&I tu B chu thay: * 2000 =
500$
o Bo him ca hng ha tu A bi thng : 50% * 4000 =
2000$
73
Cu 44: Theo nguyn tc trch nhim cho cc ch tu s chu trch
nhim bi thng tn tht thit hi cho nhau nh th no? Cho v
d minh ha.
Tr li
Theo nguyn tc trch nhim cho, ch tu ny s phi bi thng cho ch tu kia
mt t l tn tht m tu kia phi chu. T l ny c xc nh bng t l li ca mi
tu c ta n phn nh trong v tai nn m va
V d:
Tu A v tu B m va nhau, 2 tu cng c li. Tu A thit hi 15000$, tu B thit hi
10000$, t l li ca tu A v tu B l 1:4
Nh vy:
- Ch tu A s bi tng cho ch tu B: 1/5 * 10000 = 2000$
- Ch tu B s bi thng cho ch tu A: 4/5 * 15000 = 12000$
Do , ch tu B s bi thng cho ch tu A: 12000 - 2000 = 10000$
LU , Y L CU HI RT QUAN TRNG C TH LIN QUAN TI
BI TP, V VY YU CU PHI HC K CCH PHN B TN THT
CHUNG, TRCH NHIM CHO, TRCH NHIM M VA.
RT C TH, NU B HI VN, S C LI C BO HIM VO Y V
HI BO HIM S BO HIM NHNG KHON NO, V VY CN NM
K.
74
Cu 45: Ph bo him thn tu ph thuc nhng yu t g? Hon ph
bo him trong bo him thn tu c thc hin nh th no?
Tr li
1. Ph bo him thn tu ph thuc:
o Gi tr con tu
iu kin bo him
94
2. Hon ph bo him trong bo him thn tu c quy nh nh sau:
Nu ng hy b hp ng th s hon li 90% s ph bo
him trong thi gian tu ngng hot ng
Trng hp tu sa cha v neo u an ton ti mt cng trong
nc th hon li 75% s ph trong thi gian tu ngng hot
ng
Trng hp tu sa cha v neo u an ton ti mt cng nc
ngoi : hon li 60%
Nu tu gp tn tht ton b th khng hon li ph
--------------------------------------
y l theo c, cn theo webbaohiem th l:
DNBH ch hon ph vi iu kin ch tu ng ton b ph bo him cho nguyn
thi gian bo him ghi trn giy chng nhn bo him v thng bo thu ph km theo,
v:
a. Trng hp tu nm u ti ni an ton trong thi gian lin tc 30 ngy tr ln vi
iu kin khng c thuyn vin trn tu (ngoi tr thuyn vin trn tu bo qun
hay bo v tu) v tu khng ch hng ha, ng thi ch tu gi thng bo bng vn
bn cho DNBH 01 tun trc khi tu nm u v c DNBH ng : DNBH s
hon li 90% ph bo him cho thi gian tu nm u ny.
b. Trng hp tu nm u ti ni an ton trong thi gian lin tc 30 ngy tr ln k
c trng hp c thuyn vin trn tu nhng khng c hng ha ch trn tu, ng
thi ch tu gi thng bo bng vn bn cho DNBH 01 tun trc khi tu nm u v
c DNBH ng : DNBH s hon li 50% ph bo him cho thi gian tu nm
u ny.
c. Trng hp ch tu gi thng bo bng vn bn cho DNBH trc 01 tun yu cu
chm dt bo him vi l do chnh ng: DNBH s hon li 80% ph bo him cho
khong thi gian cn li khng bo him.
94
tham kho cu 35
75
p dng cho khon (a) v (b) trong phn ny: ch hon li ph bo him khi kt thc
nm bo him v tu khng b tn tht ton b.
http://www.webbaohiem.net/c%E1%BA%A9m-nang-b%E1%BA%A3o-hi%E1%BB
%83m-phi-nh/1855-cau-hi-282-phi-bo-him-c-tinh-da-tren-nhng-cn-c-nao-thi-gian-
tau-ngng-hot-ng-co-c-hoan-phi-hay-khong-.html
76
Cu 46: Trch nhim bo him thn tu s t ng chm dt trong
nhng trng hp no?
Tr li
Trch nhim bo him thn tu s t ng chm dt trong nhng trng hp sau:
1. Hp ng bo him thn tu ht thi hn hiu lc
95
2. Tu c bo him b tn tht ton b
3. Tu thay i cp hng hoc cng ty ng kim
96
4. Tu i chch hng m khng c l do chnh ng
97
5. Thay i v ch quyn, quc k, quyn qun l, cho thu hoc b trng dng
TH 3, 4, 5 da trn nguyn tc li ch bo him: trong nhng TH ny, i tng bo
him b thay i nn li ch bo him khng cn na.
95
thi hn hiu lc vi
- HBH thi hn: t 24h ca ngy k n ht 24h ca ngy ht hiu lc. Khi
nim gi do 2 bn t tha thun (nu ht 24h ca ngy ht thi hn m tu
cha v n cng th s ch cho n khi tu neo u an ton ti mt cng
no hoc cng n, ch tu np thm ph cho thi hn ko di)
- HBH chuyn : t khi tu nh neo n ht 24h khi tu th neo an ton
ch hng cng n
96
Cp hng ca con tu ph thuc vo vic ng kim tu. Tu s c kim
tra (ln u :khi ng mi,nhp khu hoc thay i t chc ng kim/ chu
k :hng nm, nh k/ hoc bt thng : theo yu cu ca c quan thm
quyn nh nc) ng kim v cp hng
ng kim m bo tnh hp php ca con tu, cn cp hng lin quan trc
tip n gi tr con tu
97
p dng vi bo him chuyn, v n c coi l mt phn ca i tng bo
him
77
Cu 47: Phn bit trch nhim ca bo him thn tu v bo him P&I
trong tai nn m va ca tu c bo him
Tr li
Trong tai nn m va ca tu c bo him, trch nhim c phn chia nh sau:
Bo him thn tu Bo him P&I
i vi tu c bo
him
- thit hi vt cht thn tu - tn tht hng ha chuyn
ch trn tu
- tn tht v ngi
98
i vi tu b m va
trch nhim m va nh
lit k sau y, nhng
khng vt qu s tin
bo him :
- tn tht, thit hi vt cht
ca tu b m
- tn tht, thit hi v ti
sn, hng ha
- thit hi v kinh doanh
- tn tht chung, chi ph
cu h ca tu b m do
tai nn m va gy ra (nu
c)
-1/4 trch nhim m va
ca tu c bo him vi
tu b m
- phn trch nhim m va
ln hn s tin bo him
- thit hi cc ti sn khc
do tu c BH m va
99
98
Trong TNDS pht sinh, c tnh ngi, nhng vi bo him thn tu, coi nh khng
k ngi vo , cn vi bo him P&I s bo him cho ton b phn TN lin quan
ti ngi.
99
Bao gm cc bt ng sn, ng sn, ti sn hay vt gi khc khng phi thn tu
(cc gs i b sung h vi!!)
78
Cu 48: Cc trch nhim dn s m ch tu phi gnh chu trong qu
trnh kinh doanh khai thc con tu ca mnh
Tr li
Cc trch nhim dn s m ch tu phi gnh chu trong qu trnh kinh doanh khai
thc con tu ca mnh bao gm:
1. Trch nhim lin quan n con ngi (thy th v hnh khch trn tu)
100
o Tr tin lng, tin cng, ph n , thuc men, vin ph, mai
tng cho cc thy th
o Chi ph hi hng , n b cho vic hi hng ca thy th
o Cc chi ph m bo an ton cho con ngi trn tu
2. Trch nhim m va vi tu hay vt th khc
o trch nhim m va pht sinh hay phn vt qu s tin
bo him trong m va vi tu khc m 2 tu cng c li
o Cc thit hi v ngi trong tai nn m va
o Thit hi v nhng ti sn khc ngoi thn tu
3. Trch nhim i vi hng ha chuyn ch trn tu
o Chm sc chu o hng ho v chu trch nhim v cc tn
tht do h hng, mt mt hng ho t khi nhn bc ln tu
cho n khi giao cho ngi nhn hng
o Bi thng tn tht hng ha, giao hng chm nu ko chng
minh c mnh ko c li
4. Chi ph do gy nhim
o Cc tn tht h hi do nhim
o Tin pht do gy nhim hoc chi ph ngn nga, hn ch
tn tht
5. Chi ph cho vic x l xc tu m
o Chi ph v trch nhim pht sinh do trc vt, di chuyn, ph
hy, nh du, thp sang, thi thot du
o Cc trch nhim pht sinh t vic xc tu nm ti hoc v
tnh b ri i ni khc nu ch tu cha tuyn b t b tu
6. Cc chi ph np pht, chi ph t tng
o Cc khon pht do khng chp hnh quy tc an ton, ch
hng lu, vi phm lut, hnh vi bt cn hoc thiu st ca
thuyn b
100
Nn nh, TNDS vn bao gm cc TN v ngi, nhng ch c bo him P&I mi
bo him cho ngi.
79
o Chi ph t tng trong trng hp thua kin
7. Trch nhim i vi cc tu lai dt
o Quan tm n an ton chung ca tp th lai dt v an ton
hng hi
o Bi thng nu c li
8. Chu ri ro nh cng, ri ro chin tranh
101

10. Cc tn tht xy ra do li lm ca thuyn b
101
do ph bo him cho ri ro ny qu cao nn n nm trong ri ro loi tr ca bo
him thn tu
80
Cu 49: Khi qut v s hnh thnh cc hi bo him P&I v cc
nguyn tc hot ng ca hi
Tr li
1. S hnh thnh cc hi bo him P&I:
S c quyn ca hng bo him Lloyd v mt s hng bo him
ln khc London khin cho ph bo him v tu cao qu mc
chp nhn c, do cc ch tu phi lin kt li vi nhau, t bo
him theo hnh thc tng h nhau, nhm gim ph bo him
thn tu, chia s nhng tn tht trong qu trnh qun l v kinh
doanh khai thc tu. l tin thn ca hi P&I.
Tnh trng c quyn chm dt th mt s ri ro mi cha c
bo him hoc cha bo him ht xut hin :
- trch nhim m va
- Tn tht v con ngi
Tr gi thn tu ngy cng ln nn nguy c cc ch tu khng c kh nng b
p khi tn tht xy ra cng cao
=> Hi chuyn sang hot ng v mc ch tng h bo him cho nhng ri
ro ni trn
Hin nay, hi m rng phm vi bo him ra nhiu ri ro khc
cng cha c bo him trong bo him thn tu nh ri ro iu
pht, ri ro nhim,
2. Cc nguyn tc hot ng ca hi: 3 nguyn tc c bn
+ Nguyn tc tng h : Hi hot ng da trn nguyn tc tng
h, cn i thu chi v khng tnh li
102
: (5)
o Tt c cc khon bi thng chi tiu u cho cc hi vin
ng gp
o Khi mt hi vin b tn tht th hi ng ra bi thng , sau
phn b cho cc hi vin trn c s dung tch ng k
ton phn (s GRT) tham gia ca tng hi vin, loi tu,
khu vc hot ng ca tu hi vin v loi ri ro m ch
tu ng k tham gia
o S tin m hi vin ng gp chnh l chi ph ca hi khng
bao gm li
o Mi thnh vin va l ngi c bo him, va l ngi
bo him
102
cc hi vin s khng phi np bt c khon no cho n khi c tn tht
xy ra vi mt thnh vin trong hi, tr khon nh duy tr hot ng hnh
chnh
81
o Hi gip cc hi vin v o to cn b, cung cp thng
tin
103
+ Nguyn tc gia nhp hi (4)
o Phi vit n xin gia nhp hi
o Tu tham gia hi l tu c bo him thn tu
o Khi l hi vin th coi nh k mt hp ng bo him
vi hi, c hiu lc theo nm ti chnh ca hi ( t 12h
ngy 20/2 nm trc n 12h 20/2 nm sau)
o Hi vin c th tham gia theo quy tc ca hi, cng c th
thm bt cho ph hp vi tng hi vin
+ Nguyn tc ht hn hiu lc (4)
o Hi vin b cht, ph sn, mt quyn s hu cng ty, mt
nng lc kinh doanh
o Tu b bn hoc mt tch
o Sau 30 ngy k t ngy hi vin xin ra khi hi
o Sau 7 ngy k t ngy tuyn b hy hp ng do li ca hi
vin
103
chc nng ny rt quan trng
82
cu 50: phn tch nhng im khc nhau c bn ca hi bo him P&I
v cc cng ty bo him phi nhn th.
- Cc thnh vin ca hi P&I va l ngi bo him va l ngi c bo him (khi
c thnh vin b tn tht th nhng hi vin khc s ng tin gip ).Cn cng ty
bo him ch ng vai tr l ngi bo him.
- Cng ty bo him thu ph bo him theo mc c nh cn Hi P&I thu ph bo him
trn c s: khi c thnh vin b tn tht, hi ng ra bi thng sau phn b li
cho cc hi vin khc trn c s s GRT, loi tu, khu vc hot ng v ri ro m tu
hi vin ng k tham gia.
- Cng ty bo him hot ng trn mc ch li nhun cn hot ng ca Hi P&I l
phi li nhun (cn bng thu chi t nm nghip v).
- Cc nh bo him trn th trng hn ch trch nhim ca mnh mc s tin nhn
bo him trong khi trch nhim ca Hi P&I l khng c gii hn, tr trng hp
i vi nhim du (ci ny hu qu chc ln qu, hem ni).
- im khc quan trng nht l Hi P&I hng nm cn t chc gip cc hi vin
v o to cn b, cung cp thng tin.
83
cu 51. Trnh by nhng ri ro c bn thuc nhm bo him P&I.
1. Nhng khiu ni v ngi: thy th v hnh khch trn tu, bao gm cc chi ph:
+ chi ph thuc men, vin ph, mai tng theo hp ng hoc theo php lut.
+ chi ph hi hng do m, cht, buc phi quay tr li do tu m hoc vi
phm k lut.
+ chi ph tin lng, tin cng cho ngi hi hng trong thi gian hi hng
hoc trong thi gian tht nghip do phi hi hng.
+ cc chi ph pht sinh do tu buc phi i chch hng cu ngi (nhin
liu, lng thc, lng thy th, cng ph...).
2. Ri ro m va: bi thng cho c tu m v tu b m.
+ tu c bo him thn tu:
Tn tht v ngi.
Tn tht v hng ha chuyn ch trn tu.
+ tu b m:
1/4 trch nhim ca tu c bo him vi tu b m.
Phn trch nhim ca tu c bo him vi tu b m hn
3/4 gi tr thn tu ca c bo him.
Thit hi ca cc ti sn khc do tu c bo him m va.
3. Ri ro nhim: hi chu trch nhim bi thng cho cc chi ph m ch tu phi
chu tin hnh phng nga hoc lm gim thiu r r, nhim, tn tht pht
sinh, chi ph lm sch v cc chi ph phi chu do tun theo quy nh ca chnh
quyn (ci ny t ghi theo bn bi link u tin, do ci mc th 2 trong slide ca
c li trng vi mc 3.8- chi ph phng hn ch tn tht- trong slide).
4. Ri ro v hng ha:
+ nhng tn tht v hng ha v ti sn c chuyn ch trn tu do hi vin
mc li gy ra.
+ cc chi ph xp d bt thng m hi vin phi chu nhng khng i c
t pha ngi khc (do hd TTC m tu phi gh qua cng sa cha. Chi ph bc
xp hng ra khi tu sa c th k i c t pha ch hng).
+ phn tn tht chung phn b cho cc ch hng nhng ch tu l hi vin
khng i c.
+ cc chi ph pht sinh nu hng ha c chuyn ch trn tu khc hoc chi
ph chuyn ti lu kho lu bi ngoi khu vc cng xp d nhng ch tu hi vin phi
chu theo mt vn n ch sut hoc mt hp ng no m ch tu hi vin
chp nhn.(t cn gii thc phn ny phn gch chn)
- Ri ro di chuyn xc tu:
+ cc chi ph v trch nhim pht sinh do trc vt, di chuyn, ph hy, nh
du, thp sng k c vic thi thot du (thy giao dch bo chi ph v trch nhim
lun i cng nhau nn t gp 2 li 1)
+ cc trch nhim m ch tu phi chu do xc tu nm li hoc v tnh b
chuyn ri i ni khc nu ch tu cha tuyn b t b tu.
- Ri ro iu pht:
+ khng chp hnh quy tc an ton ca mt nc bt k.\
+ ch hng lu
+ vi phm lut hi quan
+ vi phm lut kiu dn
84
+ vi phm cu trc hay thay i cu trc ca tu
+ gy nhim (nu cha c bi thng ri ro nhim)
+ hnh bi bt cn hoc thiu st ca thuyn b ca tu c bo him.
- Cc chi ph phng hn cht tn tht.
- Cc trch nhim theo mt hp ng nht nh. (v d??)
- Cc chi ph bt thng m hi vin phi chu trong qu trnh s hu hoc khai thc
khng thuc quy tc ca hi m hi vin li khng i t nhng ngi khc. (ci ny
th v)
CU CHT: KHI NIM BO HIM KHNG CN CHNH XC NA.
85
cu 52: nh ngha v c im ca bo him P&I.
- nh ngha:
bo him trch nhim dn s ch tu l bo him nhng thit hi pht sinh t
trch nhim ca ch tu i vi nhng ngi th 3 trong qu trnh s hu, kinh
doanh, khai thc tu bin. (ngi th 1? th 2?)
- c im:
+ Thnh vin tham gia hi P&I va l ngi bo him, va l ngi c bo
him.
+ S ph bo him l khng c nh. S ph ny s c Hi phn b da trn
s GRT, loi tu, khu vc hot ng v ri ro ca tu m hi vin ng k.
+ L loi hnh bo him phi li nhun.
+ T bo him khng chnh xc khi ni v lai hnh bo him ny.
+ L loi hnh bo him m dng nh khng c gii hn v trch nhim bo
him.
86
cng Bo him CH NG I II BO HIM HNG KHNG
CHNG III BO HIM HNG KHNG
cu 1: bo him hng khng l g? cc loi hnh bo him hng khng.
- Bo him hng khng l loi hnh bo him nhng ri ro trn khng, trn b... lin
quan n mt hnh trnh chuyn ch bng ng hng khng.
- Cc loi hnh bo him hng khng:
1. + Bo him thn my bay:
ngi bo him: cty bo him.
ngi c bo him: hng hng khng.
i tng bo him: thn my bay bao gm v v my mc.
2. + Bo him trch nhim dn s ca ngi c bo him i vi
hnh khch, hng ha, hnh l v t trang ca hnh khch:
ngi c bo him: hng hng khng.
i tng bo him: trch nhim dn s ca hng hng khng i vi
hnh khch, hng ha, hnh l v t trang ca hnh khch.
phn bit: hng ha, hnh l v t trang ca hnh khch.
3. + Bo him trch nhim dn s ca ngi c bo him i vi
ngi th 3 (ngi th 1: cty bo him, ngi th 2: hng hng
khng)
ngi c bo him: cc hng hng khng.
i tng bo him: trch nhim dn s ca hng hng khng i vi
bn th 3
4. + Bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng hng khng:
ngi bo him: cty bo him c lp hoc trc tip t cc hng hng
khng.
ngi c bo him: ch hng.
i tng bo him: hng ha.
tr gi bo him: bng gi CIP ca hng ha (cost and insurance paid
to...??).(i chiu vi mc bo him hng ha loi hnh bo him th 2 nh)
87
Cu 2: Trnh by cc ri ro m ngi bo him thn my bay phi chu TN theo
QTC v bo him hng khng nm 1991 ca Vit Nam
Theo quy tc chung v bo him hang khng ca Vit Nam 1991 th ngi bo him than
my bay phi chu trch nhim nhng ri ro theo 2 iu kin bo him, iu kin A-bo
him mi ri ro v iu kin B- bo him bo him tn tht ton b.
Theo iu kin A, ngi bo him nhn trch nhim bi thng trong cc trng hp sau:
- Tn tht ton b hay b phn xy ra i vi my bay do tai nn bt ng gy ra(k c
trng hp my bay mt tch) trong thi gian c bo him.
- Chi ph cn thit v hp l trong trng hp khn cp m ngi c bo him
phi chu do cc hnh vi nhm bo him an ton cho my bay nh c gy hng
hoc h cnh bt buc, nhng ti a khng vt qu 10% gi tr bo him ca chic
my bay .
- Chi ph gim nh tn tht thuc trch nhim bo him.
Loi tr bo him trong cc trng hp:
- Hao mn t nhin, gim dn cht lng, gy v, hng hc, hay trc trc xy ra bn
trong bt k b phn no ca my bay cng nh hu qu do nhng hin tng va
nu trn trong phm vi b phn gy ra.
- h hng xy ra i vi bt k b phn no do nhng vt c tc dng ph hy dn
dn, lu di gy ra.
- Nu cc trng hp va nu trn gy ra tai nn bt ng i vi my bay th s c
bi thng theo ton b iu khon ca iu kin A.
Theo iu kin B, bo him tn tht ton b, ngi bo him chu trch nhim bi thng
tn tht ton b thc t hoc c tnh ton b xy ra i vi my bay do tai nn bt ng
gy ra (k c trng hp my bay b mt tch) trong thi gian c bo him.
Tuy nhin, quy tc cng quy nh cc trng hp loi tr cho c 2 iu kin bo him.
88
Cu 3: Trnh by cc ri ro c bo him trong BH trch nhim dn s ca
ch hng hng khng i vi hnh khc, hnh l, t trang v hng ha
theo QTC 1991.
Theo quy tc v bo him hang khng 2991 ca Vit Nam, nhng ri ro c bo him
trong bo him trch nhim dn s ca hng hng khng i vi hnh khch, hnh l, t
trang v hang ha nh sau:
- Gy thng vong (cht hoc k cht) cho hnh khch khi h ang trong my bay
hay khi ang ln, xung my bay.
- Lm mt hoc h hng hnh l, hng ha trong qu trnh vn chuyn v bo qun
da theo phiu hnh l hoc vn n do ngi c bo him pht hnh.
- Mt, h hng t trang hay hnh l xch tay do hnh khch t bo qun trong qu
trnh vn chuyn trong trng hp my bay b tn tht ton b.
- Ngi bo him cng chu cc chi ph gm: n ph dn s v cc chi ph cn thit
hp l tha thun bng vn bn vi ngi bo him, chi ph gim nh tn tht
thuc trch nhim bo him.
89
Cu 4: Trnh by cc ri ro c bo him trong bo him TNDS ca hng
hng khng i vi ngi th 3 theo QTC 1991
Theo quy tc 1991, cc ri ro c bo him trong bo him trch nhim dn s ca hng
hng khng i vi ngi th 3:
- Gy thng vong (cht hoc khng cht ngi)
- Lm h hng, thit hi ti sn ca ngi th 3 do my bay hoc bt k ngi 1
ngi, 1 vt th no t trn my bay ri xung gy ra.
Hng hng khng chu bi thng cc khon tin thuc nhng ri ro trn, ng thi
chu n ph dn s, cc chi ph cn thit, hp l c tha thun bng vn bn, chi
ph gim nh tn tht thuc trch nhim tn tht.
Trch nhim dn s ca ngi c bo him c quy nh trong cc iu c quc t v hng
khng v lut hng khng dn dng cc nc.
90
Cu 5: Trnh by cc ri ro loi tr chung
104
theo QTC 1991? trong bo
hin hng khng
1. My bay c s dng vi mc ch khc ghi trn giy chng nhn bo him.
2. My bay vt ra khi phm vi ghi trn giy chng nhn bo him tr trng hp bt kh
khng
3. My bay h cnh nhng ni khng ph hp vi tnh nng k thut tr trng hp bt kh
khng.
4. My bay c iu khin bi 1 ngi khng c tn ghi trn hp ng bo him
5. S lng hnh khch i trn my bay ln hn s lng ghi trn giy chng nhn bo him.
6. Nhng trch nhim v quyn li m hng hng khng chp nhn, hoc t b theo by k
mt tha thun no khc vi v, phiu hnh ly hoc vn n hng khng.
7. nhng khon tin m ngi c bo him i c nhng ngi khc
8. Do phng x hoc nhim phng x
9. C chin tranh, nh cng, v kh nguyn t, khng b v chnh tr, hnh vi c hay ph
hoi, tch thu hay trng dng, bt cc hoc khng ch.
10. My bay c vn chuyn bng bt c phng tin no tr trng hp bt kh khng (hu
qu ca 1 tai nn)
Ch :
Loi tr ring vi thn my bay:
1. Hao mn t nhin, gim dn cht lng, gy, v, hng hoc hu qu ca cc trng hp
trn
2. Ph hy dn dn, lu di gy ra (tr trng hp l tai nn bt ng)
Quyn kim sot my bay (sau khi b bt cc hoc khng ch) tr li bnh thng kh:
1. my bay tr v an ton
2. ti sn bay thuc phm vi a l trong giy chng nhn bo him
3. sn bay thch hp vi s hot ng ca my bay
4. my bay sn bay, tt my v khng chu s khng ch no
104
Loi tr ring vi thn my bay
91
Cu 6: Ri ro loi tr trong bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng
hng khng theo ICC 1982?
1. Li ca ngi c bo him
2. Chy, hao mn thng thng v trng lng, khi lng hoc rch
3. Bao b khng y
4. Ni t hoc bn cht ca hng ha
5. My bay khng kh nng bay, hoc do s khng ph hp ca my bay, phng tin vn
chuyn, container, bng chuyn vi vic vn chuyn an ton i tng bo him
6. Chy tr d do mt ri ro c bo him gy nn
7. Hng hng khng khng kh nng ti chnh
8. Chin tranh, nh cng, ni chin, cch mng, s dng v kh ht nhn nguyn t hay
khng b v chnh tr
92
Cu 7: Thi hn bo him i vi hng ha vn chuyn bng ng hng
khng theo ICC 1982:
1. Khng gian bo him
Bo him c hiu lc khi i tng bo him ri kho, ni cha hng,hay ni lu gi bt
u vn chuyn bnh thng v kt thc khi:
a. Giao vo kho ca ngi nhn hng, kho hay ni cha hng cui cng khc hay lu kho
ni n c ghi trong hpd dng bo him.
b. Giao n bt k 1 kho hay ni cha hng no khch hay ni lu kho cho d trc khi n
hay ni n m ngi c bo him chn :
- Lu kho trong qu trnh vn chuyn bnh thng
- Phn phi hay cung cp hng ha
2. Thi gian bo him: 30 ngy sau khi i tng bo him ra khi my bay ti ni d hng
Ch :
Ch cn tha mn 1 trong 2 iu kin v khng gian hoc thi gian l c
93
Cu 8: Vn gim nh tn tht v khiu ni trong bo him hng
khng?
1 Gim nh tn tht
a. My bay b tai nn
- Ngi c bo him khng c di chuyn, tho d hoc sa cha khi cha c cng ty
bo him ng bng vn bn (tr khi lm m bo an ton, gim tn tht cho my bay
hoc phi lm v ch th ca c quan c thm quyn).
- Hng hng khng phi: theo quy nh th l gim nh ca nc t tr s:
+, Thng bo ngay cho ngi bo him ni gn nht v tai nn v s b v mc tai nn, v
gi giy yu cn gim nh
105
.
+ Gi nguyn hin trng, to mi iu kin thun li cho vic gim nh
+ Cung cp mi thng tin, h s, ti liu cn thit cho vic gim nh cng nh phng, hn
ch tn tht.
b. hnh l, hng ha b tn tht
Ngi c bo him phi cng hnh khch v ch hng lp bin bn bt thng v ti sn ngay
ti sn bay n.
2. Th tc khiu ni
Cn nhng giy t sau:
a. i vi thn my bay
- Th yu cu ca ngi c bo him
- Bn tng trnh tai nn ca ngi c bo him
- Bn tng trnh tai nn ca t li, nu c
- Giy chng nhn kh thi
- Bng trng li my bay
- Bng tng hp cc chi ph sa cha km theo ha n, chng t lin quan, trng hp tn tht
b phn
- Cc giy t lin quan khc nu c.
b. Trch nhim dn s i vi hnh khch
- Th yu cu bi thng ca hnh khch hoc ngi c hng tin bi thng
- Danh sch hnh khch i trn my bay
- V hnh khch hoc cung v hoc phiu ln my bay
- Bng k khai thit hi v chng minh thit hi thc t
- Giy bo t nu hnh khch b cht trong qu trnh iu tr
c. trch nhim dn s i vi hnh l, hng ha v t trang ca hnh khch
- Th yu cu bi thng ca hnh khch hoc ngi tha k hp php
- Bin bn bt thng v ti sn
- V hnh khch v phiu hnh l hoc vn n
- Bng k hnh l, hng ha, chuyn ch trn chuyn bay, trong trng hp my bay tn tht ton
b
- Bng k thit hi v chng minh thit hi i vi tng loi ti sn theo gi mua mi v gi tr cn
li
d. V trch nhim dn s i vi ngi th ba
- Th khiu ni ca ngi th ba
- Bn tng trnh tai nn ca ngi c bo him
- Bin bn gim nh thit hi
- Bng k chi tit thit hi v cc giy t c lin quan chng minh thit hi
105
Nguyn tc trung thc tuyt i
94
LU , CU HI NY KH DI, NHNG NU C RI B GP PHI TH VN PHI
TR LI TON B NH TRN. NHNG TT NHT TRC KHI TR LI HY
TM TT L C NHNG VN CHNH NO.
RT C TH GIM KHO S CH HI MT TRONG MT S TRNG HP,
HOC GIM NH, HOC KHIU NI
V PHN BO HIM HNG KHNG CNG QUAN TRNG NN TT NHT VN
PHI HC K CU NY.
95
Cu 9:Vn bi thng tn tht trong bo him hng khng:
1. Vi tn tht ton b
- Trng hp mua bo him di gi tr thc t th bi thng theo gi tr bo him ca my
bay
- Trng hp bo him trn gi tr thc t th bi thng theo gi tr thc t trc khi xy ra
tai nn ca my bay
- Sau khi bi thng tn tht ton b, bo him c quyn thu hi chic my bay v ton b
giy t c lin quan. Nu bo him khng thu hi th ngi c bo him khng c quyn
t b my bay v hiu lc ca bo him cng ht sau khi bi thng ton b.
2. Bi thng tn tht b phn
- Bo him ch bi thng gi tr ring bit ca tng b phn b tn tht theo phng php
kinh t nht, gm:
+ chi ph sa cha, thay th
+ Chi ph vn chuyn nhn cng v vt liu
+ Chi ph bay th sau khi sa cha v thay th
- Mi khiu ni bi thng thuc phn ny u phi khu tr
+ Phn chi ph sa cha tng ng vi thi gian s dng so vi tui th ca b phn c
sa cha hoc thay th
+ Mc khu tr quy nh trong giy chng nhn bo him
Ngoi ra bo him cn bi thng cc chi ph qui nh trong iu kin A, nhng ti a tng s
tin bi thng khng vt qu gi tr bo him ca my bay ghi trong giy chng nhn bo
him.
3. Trch nhim dn s i vi hnh khch, hnh l, hng ha, t trang ca
hnh khch v ngi th ba.
- Bi thng theo thit hi thc t ca tng i tng bo him
- Nu thit hi thc t thp hn gii hn bi thng quy nh trong giy chng nhn bo
him, th bi thng theo thit hi thc t
- Nu thit hi thc t ln hn gii hn bi thng quy nh trong giy chng nhn bo
him, bi thng theo gii hn trch nhim bo him
- Ngoi ra cn bi thng cc chi ph hp l nhng nu tngr s tin ln hn ghi tron giy
chng nhn bo him th ch bi thng nhng chi ph ny theo t l gia gii hn bi
thng v tng s tin phi bi thng.
96
cng Bo him CH NG I V BO HIM HO HON V CC RI RO B
CHNG IV BO HIM HO HON V CC RI RO C
BIT
Cu 1 chng 4: S cn thit ca bo him chy n
- Mi vt xung quanh ta u d chy, c bit l ti sn: my mc, trang thit b v vt
qu him
- Chy hay ha hon c th xy ra bt k ni no, bt k thi im no
- Nn vn minh hin i ph thuc rt nhiu vo cc ngun nng lng, m cc ngun nng
lng hin nay u d chy
Khi tham gia bo him, cc cng ty bo him s tr gip cho ngi c bo him th hin cc
bin php phng nga ri ro v cch PCCC
97
Cu 2 chng 4: khi nim v cc ri ro c bo him trong bo him
ha hon v cc ri ro c bit
1, Khi nim
- Ha hon: l chy xy ra khng kiemr sot c ngoi ngun la chuyn dng, gy thit hi
cho ti sn v con ngi
- Chy: l phn ng ha hc c ta nhit v pht ra nh sng
- n v ri ro: L nhm ti sn tahs bit khi nhm ti sn khc, vi khong cch khng cho
php t nhm ny lan sang nhm khc. Khong cch ny gn nht l 12m, mc ch l quy
vng trch nhim bi thng.
- Ti sn: bao gm tt c cc loi ti sn (thuc quyn s hu hay quyn s dng ca ngi
c bo him, nm trong khu vc bo him) tr nhng loi ti sn b thit hi do nhng ri ro
loi tr gy ra
- Mc min thng: l s tin m ngi c bo him t gnh chu cho mi v tn tht (ti
Vit Nam khng di 1000$ hoc tin kahcs tng ng vi mi v tn tht)
- Tn tht ton b:
+ Tn tht ton b thc t: l ti sn bo him b ph hy hon ton haowjc h hng nghim
trng n mc khng th phc hi c nh trng thi ban u
+ Tn tht ton b c tnh: l ti sn bo him b ph hy hon ton hoc h hng n mc
sa cha phc hi th s tin phi b ra ln hn hoc bng s tin bo him v ngi c bo
him c hnh ng t b i tng bo him .
2, CC RI RO C BO HIM V CC RI RO C BIT
C 11 ri ro, tham kho thm sch gio trnh (v ngi lm li, khng lm :P )
98
Cu 3 chng 4: i tng ca bo him ha hon v ri ro c bit l
g? Cho v d
Tr li:
i tng ca bo him ha hon v ri ro c bit bao gm:
a) Bt ng sn
Bt ng sn y l nh ca, cng trnh xy dng, nh my, x nghip, kho tng.
Thuc loi hnh sn xut kinh doanh hoc cc cng trnh xy dng.
b) Cc ng sn
Ti sn c nhn l nhng ti sn lin quan ti ngi c bo him nh c, m
ngh, th vt nui, cc phng tin giao thng
Ti sn cn thit cho s hot ng ca mt doanh nghip nh vt, phng tin, my
mc, thit b
c) Hng ha c th l nguyn liu, nhin liu, bn thnh phm, thnh phm.
V d. Cu ny c l khng cn a v d, hoc sinh vin t ly v d.
99
CU 4: Ri ro c bn c bo him trong bo him ha hon v cc ri
ro c bit nh th no?
Tr li:
Ri ro ha hon l ri ro c bn trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit. Ri ro ha
hon l ri ro xy ra do n hoc mt s nguyn nhn khc.
o Chy: gm tt c cc tht hi do chy, tr nhng thit hi sau:
N do nh hng ca chy
ng t hoc la ngm di t
Bn than ti sn b ph hy hoc h hng do t ln men hoc ta nhit hay
qu trnh x l bng nhit
o St: ch c thit hi trc tip do tia st gy ra mi c bi thng
o N: l hin tng chy cc nhanh to ra v gii phng mt p lc ln km theo mt
ting ng mnh pht sinh t s co gin n nhanh, mnh ca cht lng, cht rn
hoc cht kh.
Ri ro n ch c bo him trong cc trng hp sau:
N ni hi phc v sinh hot
Hi t phc v sinh hot, thp sang hoc si m trong nh khng phi l
sng th lm cc cng vic c s dng hi t
Cc thit hi sau y s khng c bo him theo ri ro ny gm:
Nhng thit hi ti sn c bo him do phng tin hoc do bin php
cu cha gy ra.
Thit hi ti sn do mt cp trong khi ha hon m ngi bo him khng
chng minh c l mt cp.
100
CU 5: Cc ri ro c bit l nhng ri ro nh th no? Cho v d.
Tr li:
Ri ro c bit l cc ri ro ph, thng do cc yu t bn ngoi gy ra, nh ng t, ni
la, st nh Cc ri ro c bit gm c:
- N: tt c thit hi do n gy nn nhng loi tr:
o Ti sn b ph hy do ni hi, thng un nc bng hi t, bnh cha, my mc
hoc thit b m p sut bn trong hon ton do hi nc to ra b n (khng phi
do chy bt ngun n)
o Bnh cha, my mc thit b hoc cht liu bn trong cc dng c h hi hay b
ph hy do n cc cht liu (khng p dng trong chy n xng du)
o p sut sng gy ra do my bay hoc cc phng tin hng khng khc bay vi tc
bng hoc vt qu tc m thanh
- My bay hoc cc phng tin hng khng khc hay cc phng tin trn ri trng
nhng loi tr cc ti sn b ph hy hay h hi bi p sut sng do my bay, phng tin
hng khng khc bay vi tc ngang hoc vt tc m thanh gy ra.
- Ni lon, bo ng dn s, nh cng, cm xng, hoc cc hnh ng ca nhng ngi
tham gia gy ri, bo ng hay hnh vi c nhng khng mang tnh cht chnh tr
Loi tr ti sn b:
o Mt mt h hi do b tch thu, ph hy hoc trng dng theo lnh ca chnh ph
hoc nh cm quyn.
o Mt mt h hi do ngng cng vic
- ng t (d c ha hon hay khng)
- La ngm di t (d c ha han hay khng)
- Chy do nguyn nhn duy nht l do ti sn ln men, ta nhit bc chy
- Ging t, bo tp, l lt
Loi tr:
o Ti sn b ph hy hay h hi do sng mui, st l t
o Hng ro, cng ng v cc ng sn ngoi tri b ph hy hay h hng
- Ri ro v hoc trn nc t cc b cha, cc thit b cha nc hoc ng ng dn loi
tr nhng ti sn b ph hy hay h hi do nc chy, r r t h thng thit b phng chy
cha chy t ng
- Xe c hay sc vt khng thuc quyn s hu hay kim sot ca ngi c bo him hay
ngi lm cng cho h m vo gy ra tn tht.
- Nc chy hay r r t thit b vi phun t ng lp t sn trong nhm nhng loi tr:
o Thit hi do nc thot ra t thit b vi phun c lp t t ng
o Thit hi do nhng cng trnh, ngi nh b trng khng c ngi s dng
101
CU 6: Trnh by cc ri ro c th la chn bo him Theo quy tc
bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit ban hnh km theo quyt nh
142/TCQ ngy 2/5/1991
Tr li:
Theo quy tc bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit ban hnh km theo quyt nh
142/TCQ ngy 2/5/1991, cc ri ro c th la chn bo him gm c:
- Ha hon (do n hay do cc nguyn nhn khc)
o Chy: gm tt c cc tht hi do chy, tr nhng thit hi sau:
N do nh hng ca chy
ng t hoc la ngm di t
Bn than ti sn b ph hy hoc h hng do t ln men hoc ta nhit hay qu
trnh x l bng nhit
o St: ch c thit hi trc tip do tia st gy ra mi c bi thng
o N: l hin tng chy cc nhanh to ra v gii phng mt p lc ln km theo mt
ting ng mnh pht sinh t s co gin n nhanh, mnh ca cht lng, cht rn hoc cht kh.
Ri ro n ch c bo him trong cc trng hp sau:
N ni hi phc v sinh hot
Hi t phc v sinh hot, thp sang hoc si m trong nh khng phi l sng
th lm cc cng vic c s dng hi t
Cc thit hi sau y s khng c bo him theo ri ro ny gm:
Nhng thit hi ti sn c bo him do phng tin hoc do bin php cu cha
gy ra.
Thit hi ti sn do mt cp trong khi ha hon m ngi bo him khng chng
minh c l mt cp.
- N: tt c thit hi do n gy nn nhng loi tr:
o Ti sn b ph hy do ni hi, thng un nc bng hi t, bnh cha, my mc
hoc thit b m p sut bn trong hon ton do hi nc to ra b n (khng phi do chy bt
ngun n)
o Bnh cha, my mc thit b hoc cht liu bn trong cc dng c h hi hay b
ph hy do n cc cht liu (khng p dng trong chy n xng du)
o p sut sng gy ra do my bay hoc cc phng tin hng khng khc bay vi tc
bng hoc vt qu tc m thanh
- My bay hoc cc phng tin hng khng khc hay cc phng tin trn ri
trng nhng loi tr cc ti sn b ph hy hay h hi bi p sut sng do my bay, phng tin
hng khng khc bay vi tc ngang hoc vt tc m thanh gy ra.
- Ni lon, bo ng dn s, nh cng, cm xng, hoc cc hnh ng ca nhng
ngi tham gia gy ri, bo ng hay hnh vi c nhng khng mang tnh cht chnh tr
Loi tr ti sn b:
o Mt mt h hi do b tch thu, ph hy hoc trng dng theo lnh ca chnh ph
hoc nh cm quyn.
o Mt mt h hi do ngng cng vic
- ng t (d c ha hon hay khng)
- La ngm di t (d c ha han hay khng)
- Chy do nguyn nhn duy nht l do ti sn ln men, ta nhit bc chy
- Ging t, bo tp, l lt
Loi tr:
o Ti sn b ph hy hay h hi do sng mui, st l t
102
o Hng ro, cng ng v cc ng sn ngoi tri b ph hy hay h hng
- Ri ro v hoc trn nc t cc b cha, cc thit b cha nc hoc ng ng
dn loi tr nhng ti sn b ph hy hay h hi do nc chy, r r t h thng thit b phng
chy cha chy t ng
- Xe c hay sc vt khng thuc quyn s hu hay kim sot ca ngi c bo
him hay ngi lm cng cho h m vo gy ra tn tht.
- Nc chy hay r r t thit b vi phun t ng lp t sn trong nhm nhng loi
tr:
o Thit hi do nc thot ra t thit b vi phun c lp t t ng
o Thit hi do nhng cng trnh, ngi nh b trng khng c ngi s dng
103
CU 7: Trnh by phm vi trch nhim ca ngi bo him theo quy tc
bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit ban hnh km theo quyt nh
142/TCQ ngy 2/5/1991
Tr li:
Theo quy tc bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit ban hnh km theo quyt nh
142/TCQ ngy 2/5/1991 th ngi bo him c trch nhim bi thng cho ngi c bo him
nhng tn tht, mt mt sau y:
1. Nhng thit hi do nhng ri ro c bo him gy ra cho ti sn c bo him
ghi trong Giy chng nhn bo him (hoc danh mc km theo giy chng nhn bo him) nu
ngi c bo him np ph bo him v nhng thit hi y xy ra trc 16 gi ngy cui
cng ca thi hn bo him ghi trong giy chng nhn bo him.
2. Nhng chi ph cn thit v hp l nhm hn ch tn tht v ti sn c bo him
trong v sau khi chy.
3. Ngi bo him nhn bi thng c nhng chi ph thu dn hin trng sau khi
chy nu nhng chi ph ny c ghi r trong giy chng nhn bo him.
Trch nhim bi thng ca ngi bo him khng bao gi vt qu s tin bo him ca
mi hng mc ti sn ghi trong danh mc hoc gp li khng vt qu tng s tin bo him ghi
trong giy chng nhn bo him.
104
CU 8: Ri ro n trong ri ro c bn c g ging v khc vi ri ro n
trong cc ri ro c bit
Tr li:
Phn bit ri ro n trong ri ro c bn v ri ro n trong cc ri ro c bit:
- Ging nhau:
o u to ra mt p lc ln km theo mt ting ng mnh
- Khc nhau:
o N trong ri ro c bn xut pht t hin tng chy cc nhanh, trong khi n trong
ri ro c bit xut pht t p sut bn trong m hon ton do hi nc to ra.
o Bo him bi thng c thit b, cht liu bn trong cc dng c b ph hy hay h
hi trong trng hp n trong ri ro c bit
105
CU 9: Gi tr bo him trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit
Tr li:
Gi tr bo him l gi tr ca ti sn cn bo him, c th l gi tr thc t hoc gi tr mua
mi ca ti sn. Trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit, gi tr bo him thng rt ln, v
l gi tr ca nh ca, cng trnh, my mc, thit b, vt t
Ngi ta thng xc nh gi tr bo him trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit
nh sau:
1. Gi tr bo him ca nh ca: tnh theo gi tr mi (bao gm c chi ph kho st
thit k) hoc gi tr cn li (c tnh n s hao mn trong qu trnh s dng)
2. Gi tr bo him ca my mc thit b v cc loi ti sn c nh khc: xc nh trn
c s gi thay th, tc gi tr cn li
3. Gi tr bo him ca thnh phm v bn thnh phm: xc nh trn c s gi thnh
sn xut, bao gm chi ph mua nguyn vt liu, tin cng, khu hao my mcnu gi thnh sn
xut cao hn gi bn s ly gi bn.
4. Gi tr bo him ca hng ha mua v trong kho: xc nh theo gi mua (ha
n) cng vi chi ph vn chuyn v cc chi ph c lin quan.
106
CU 10: S tin bo him trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit
Tr li:
S tin bo him l mc bi thng ti a trong trng hp ti sn c bo him b tn
tht ton b. S tin bo him c xc nh trn c s gi tr bo him.
Trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit, ngi c bo him c th tham gia bo
him ti sn ca mnh vi mt s tin ln hn gi tr bo him nhng khng qu 10% gi tr bo
him. Trong trng hp thp hn gi tr bo him, th khi c tn tht s p dng nguyn tc bi
thng theo t l.
Trong mi trng hp bo him bi thng khng vt qu s tin bo him k c bi
thng nhiu ln. Mi ln bi thng s tin bo him li gim i mt phn tng ng vi s tin
bi thng tr. Mun khi phc li s tin bo him bng s tin bo him ban u th ngi
c bo him phi np thm ph b sung tng ng.
C hai cch xc nh s tin bo him:
- Trn c s kim tra i tng bo him v cc giy t, s sch c lin quan. Ngi
bo him v ngi c bo him s tha thun s tin bo him cho i tng bo him.
- Trng hp s lng ti sn nh hng ha trong kho hoc ca hng thng xuyn
thay i, khi c th bo him theo gi tr trung bnh hoc gi tr ti a.
o Gi tr trung bnh: l trung bnh cng ca cc tr gi ti cc thi im khc nhau
trong thi hn bo him. Khi c tn tht. bo him cn c vo tr gi tn tht thc t bi thng
nhng khng vt qu gi tr trung bnh.
o Gi tr ti a: l gi tr ln nht ca ti sn ti mt thi im no trong thi hn
bo him. Khi c tn tht xy ra, bo him cn c vo gi tr tn that thc t bi thng nhng
khng vt qu gi tr ti a.
107
Cu 11: Ph bo him trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro
c bit
a) Khi nim:
Ph bo him l khon tin m ngi c bo him phi np cho ngi bo him c bi
thng trong trng hp c tn tht do ri ro c bo him gy ra.
i vi bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit, ph bo him c qui nh ring cho tng loi
ri ro.
b) Thi im np ph:
Theo tha thun, c th:
- Np ngay mt ln sau khi k hp ng BH.
- Np nhiu ln (nu s tin ph qu ln) nhng khng qu 4 k trong thi hn tham gia bo
him.
i vi vic hy b H bo him th ty trng hp ngi bo him s tnh ton hon hay ko
hon ph BH cho ngi c bo him (ty khong thi gian hiu lc cn li ca H).
c) Cc yu t nh hng ti ph BH ha hon:
- Vt liu XD c chu c lu bn vi sc nng hay khng.
- nh hng ca cc tng nh, sc chu ng ca cc tng khi c ha hon xy ra.
- H thng phng chy, cha chy, v tr gn hay xa ngun nc.
- Cch phn chia n v ri ro, tng chng chy.
- Loi hng ha, bao b, tnh cht, v tr kho hng.
Tm li l ty kh nng chu ng v kh nng x l kp thi khi ha hon xy ra
d) Phng php tnh ph bo him ha hon:
Ph BH = s tin BH x T l ph BH
xc nh ph BH bng cch x t l ph BH.
T l ph BH ha hon tnh theo t l phn nghn trn s tin BH. c qui nh cho tng i
tng BH theo ngnh ngh SX KD.
108
Cc loi t l ph:
- Cho mi ngnh
- Cho ca hng, kho hng
- Cho cc kho c bit
- Cho cc ngnh sn xut, DV.
- Ri ro ph:
N 0,15 phn nghn
My bay rt trng 0,10
Ni lon 0.20
ng t 0.20
Chy do t ln men 0.15
Ging bo, l lt qui nh ring
V trn nc 0.10
Va ng xe c 0.05
Ngi tham gia c th la chn 1 hay nhiu ri ro ph tham gia cng BH vi ri ro chnh
(chy)
T l ph BH ngn hn:
Di 1 thng 15 phn nghn ph BH nm
1-2 40
3-6 60
6-9 80
9-12 100
Khng hiu ti sao li l phn nghn, phi l phn trm ph BH nm mi ng ch nh
109
Cu 12: Vn bi thng trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c
bit:
a) H s i bi thng:
Gm 4 loi chng t:
- Giy thng bo tn tht.
- Bin bn gim nh thit hi ca ngi bo him.
- Bin bn gim nh tn tht ca cnh st phng chy cha chy.
- Bng k thit hi v cc giy t chng minh thit hi.
Cha hiu ti sao cn ti 3 loi giy t v gi tr tn tht.
b) Cch tnh bi thng
106
:
Gi tr ti sn c BH xc nh theo gi tr ti thi im xy ra tn tht.
S tin BH >= gt thc t bi thng theo tn tht thc t
S tin BH < gt thc t bi thng theo:
S tin BT = s tin BH x gi tr thit hi / gi tr ti sn c BH
Nu thi im ny, ti sn c BH b ph hy hay h hi, m c BH theo mt BH khc
th BH ha hon ch chu trch nhim phn tn tht phn b cho BH ny.
c) Thi hn thanh ton tin i bi thng:
- Khi chp nhn bi thng, BH s thanh ton trong 30 ngy t ngy nhn c h s i bi
thng y v hp l.
- Trong TH t chi bi thng, trong 60 ngy t khi gi giy bo t chi, ngi c BH ko
c kin g th xem nh chp nhn s t chi .
- Thi hn i bi thng l 1 nm t ngy xy ra tn tht, tr TH c tha thun trc vi
ngi BH. Qu hn ko bi thng.
106
Cch xc nh gi tr v bi thng cng ging cc loi BH khc, sao cho ch bi thng
t nht.
110
Cu 13: Ph BH ha hon ph thuc vo nhng yu t g:
Cc yu t nh hng ti ph BH ha hon:
- Vt liu XD c chu c lu bn vi sc nng hay khng.
- nh hng ca cc tng nh, sc chu ng ca cc tng khi c ha hon xy ra.
- H thng phng chy, cha chy, v tr gn hay xa ngun nc.
- Cch phn chia n v ri ro, tng chng chy.
- Loi hng ha, bao b, tnh cht, v tr kho hng.
Tm li l ty kh nng chu ng v kh nng x l kp thi khi ha hon xy ra
111
Cu 14: Gi tr bo him trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c
bit?
a) Khi nim:
Gi tr BH l gi tr ca ti sn cn BH. C th l:
- Gi tr thc t.
- Gi tr mua mi.
Gi tr ti sn trong loi BH ny thng rt ln. l gi tr ca: nh ca, cng trnh, my mc
thit b, hng ha, vt t
b) Cch xc nh gi tr bo him:
- Nh ca:
Gt mi = gi tr mi xy (gm c chi ph kho st, thit k)
GT cn li = GT mi s hao mn (do s dng theo thi gian)
- My mc, thit b v cc ti sn c nh khc xc nh da trn c s gi thay th ( tc l gi
tr cn li).
- Thnh phm, bn thnh phm: da trn gi thnh sn xut (nguyn vt liu, cng lao ng,
qun l, khu hao my mc).
Gi thnh sn xut > gi bn dng gi bn.
- Hng ha mua v trong kho, trong ca hng: xc nh theo gi ha n, cng vi chi ph vn
chuyn v chi ph khc c lin quan.
112
cng Bo him CH NG V BO HIM XY DNG V LP T
CHNG V BO HIM XY DNG V LP T
Cu 1: Khi nim v i tng trong bo him xy dng l g?
1) Khi nim:
BH xy dng l bo him nhng thit hi pht sinh t mt ri ro bt ng hoc t trch nhim i
vi ngi th 3 trong vic xy dng mt cng trnh c s dng n b tng v xi mng.
Mc ch:
B p v ti chnh cho ch u t hay ch thu sa cha nhng thit hi bt ng xy ra khi
xy dng mt cng trnh.
C th l thit hi:
- Cho chnh cng trnh, my mc, dng c ca cng trnh
- Gy ra cho ngi khc.
2) i tng bo him:
i tng l cc cng trnh c s dng xi mng v b tng. C th l:
- Cc cng trnh xy dng cng nghip: nh my, x nghip, kho hng, n v sn
xut, tng th xy dng.
- Cc cng trnh dn s ln: ng s, cu cng, knh o, cng, p, sn bay
- Cc bt ng sn ln dng cho thng mi, cng trnh cng cng hoc nh:
nh , trng hc, bnh vin, tr s lm vic, nh ht, rp phim
Tt c cc hng mc ca cc cng trnh u c th l i tng bo him, gm:
a) Cng tc thi cng xy dng:
Gm cc cng vic:
- Chun b mt bng: o p, san nn
- Xy dng cng trnh tm thi phc v thi cng nh knh dn nc, tng bo v, nh
tm
- Lm mng, ng cc, xy dng cc cu trc ch yu ca cng trnh
- Chi ph chy th cc my mc, thit b c lp t (nu c yu cu BH trong BH xy
dng).
Nu chi ph lp my mc thit b =< 50% tng gi tr c th BH theo n BH xy dng.
> 50% phi p dng n BH lp t ring.
b) Trang thit b xy dng:
Cc loi cng c, ngh, ln tri, nh kho, xng, dn gio, cp pha
c) My mc xy dng:
Cc loi my mc dng trong qu trnh xy dng: my san i t, cn cu, phng tin vn
chuyn s dng trn cng trng (tr cc loi lu hnh trn cng l, v thuc BH xe c gii).
d) Ti sn c sn v xung quanh khu vc cng trng:
Nhng ti sn ny thuc quyn s hu, trng nom, chm sc ca ngi c BH.
e) Chi ph dn dp sau tn tht:
113
Chi ph pht sinh do di chuyn, dn dp mnh vn, cc cht ph thi xy dng, t do s c
thuc trch nhim ngi BH gy ra, vi mc ch lm sch tip tc thi cng.
f) Trch nhim i vi ngi th 3:
y l trch nhim dn s theo lut nh m ngi c BH phi gnh chu do tn tht v ngi
hoc ti sn gy ra cho ngi th 3.
Cng nhn hay ngi lm cho ch u t, ch thu khng thuc phm vi trch nhim ca
H BH ny. H c BH bng n BH tai nn L hoc BH trch nhim ca ch thu i vi
ngi lm thu.
114
Cu 2: Thi hn BH trong BH xy dng c qui nh nh th no?
Thi hn BH trong BH xy dng l thi gian bt u thi cng cho n khi cng trnh xy dng
c nghim thu.
- Thi gian bt u tnh t khi tin hnh khi cng xy dng (san nn, o p) cng c th
tnh c thi gian lu kho cc nguyn liu trc nhng khng qu 3 thng.
- Kt thc cng trnh khi:
Cng trnh c bn giao v a v s dng
Hoc hon tt ln vn hnh u tin c ti nu c c vic lp t.
Ring i vi my mc thit b xy dng, trch nhim ch thc s bt u khi tho d thit b
xung khu vc cng trng, kt thc khi chng di chuyn khi cng trng.
Trng hp cng trnh hon thnh v a vo s dng tng b phn th trch nhim i vi tng
b phn kt thc ngay sau khi n bn giao, a vo s dng.
Mi loi cng trnh c mt thi gian xy dng tiu chun.
- Hon thnh sm hn thi gian tiu chun H ht hiu lc ngay sau khi bn giao cng trnh,
i vo s dng.
- Di hn thng bo kp thi cho ngi bo him v yu cu BH cho thi gian ko di, phi
tr thm ph cho thi gian ko di .
Trong thi k bo dng, tip theo vic nghim thu tm thi hoc a vo s dng, vic xy dng
c hon thnh v cc BH cng loi ko cn cn thit na. Tuy nhin, khi ngi c BH yu cu
th thi hn BH c th m rng cho c thi gian bo hnh.
Tm li l thi gian rt ngn ht mc c th. Ko di qu iu kin bnh thng phi tr
thm tin.
115
Cu 3: n BH xy dng? n BH lp t?
a) n BH xy dng:
y l n BH lin quan n mt cng trnh c xc nh hon ton trong giao ko thu
khon.
C thi hn t lc khi cng cng trnh cho ti khi hon thnh bn giao cng trnh hoc lc
a cng trnh vo s dng.
y l n BH "thch hp ring" cho tng trng hp BH ca mi ri ro thit hi cho
cng trnh v ba him trch nhim i vi ngi th 3. Gi tr BH, mc khu tr v xc nh ph
BH thay i theo tng TH.
C nhiu loi khc nhau. C th:
- CAR (Contractor's all risks policy): n BH cho mi ri ro cho ch thu.
- CI (Contractor's insurance): n BH cho ch thu.
- COC (Cost of Contractor): n BH ri ro cho ngi xy dng.
- CER (Civil Engineering Risks): n BH ri ro trong xy dng dn dng.
ND ch yu ging nhau. Khc nhau ch yu l cc im loi tr do tng nc p dng v
ph thuc lut php tng nc.
CAR c dng rng ri nht, phm vi BH rng nht, (do cng ty Munich Re a ra).
b) n BH lp t:
y l n BH lin quan n my mc, cc dy chuyn ng b ca mt x nghip hoc
mt tng th x nghip trong khi tin hnh lp rp.
y l n BH thi hn, bt u t khi khi cng cho ti khi my mc thit b c bn
giao hay sau khi kt thc thi gian chy th.
y l n BH "thch hp ring" cho tng trng hp BH ca mi ri ro thit hi cho
cng trnh v ba him trch nhim i vi ngi th 3. Gi tr BH, mc khu tr v xc nh ph
BH thay i theo tng TH.
Ging BH xy dng.
y l n BH mi ri ro (EAR Policy Erection All Risks Policy). Hu ht cc ri ro u c
BH tr nhng ri ro c bit c loi tr trong n BH.
C th bao gm c vic xy dng nu gi tr phn vic XD =< 50% gi tr c cng trnh.
Nu gi tr ny > 20% th ph BH cho phn XD s c tnh ring theo biu ph BH xy dng.
Ch s dng i vi cc cng trnh trn t lin. Cc cng trnh trn bin s dng n BH
ring.
Cu 4: Khi nim v i tng bo him trong bo him lp t
116
- khi nim : bo him lp t l bo him cho nhng tn tht , thit hi do mt s c bt
ng gy ra hoc pht sinh t trch nhim ca ngi ch cng trnh trong qu trnh lp t my
mc, thit b cho mt cng trnh
- i tng bo him : l cc hot ng lp rp hoc chy th trc lc nghim thu, c lien
quan n cc thit hi v mt vt cht i vi my mc, y chuyn ng b ca x nghip hay
tng th x nghip trong khi tin hnh lp rp. C th c nhng hng mc
- cng vic lp t
- cc phn vic xy ng phc v cho cng tc lp t nh xng b my
- trang thit b phc v cho cng vic lp t
- my mc phc v cho cng vic lp t
- ti sn trn v xung quanh cng trng thuc quyn qun l kim tra gim st ca ngi
c bo him
- chi ph dn dp sau tn tht
- trch nghim i vi ngi th 3
lu :
- bo him lp t l loi hnh bo him k thut
- c th s dng n bo him lp t ring cho mt cng trnh hoc chung vi n bo
him xy dng ty theo tnh cht ca cng vic
- ngi c bo him trong n bo him lp t gm ch u t ch thu chnh. Cc k
s c vn chuyn mn. Nh thu ph v cc bn c lin quan ti cng vic lp t
- n bo him lp t ch bo him trch nhim vi ngi th 3 trong thi gian xy dng
hay lp t. ko chu trch nghim trong time bo hnh
- bo him lp t c bo him cho c vic chy th may mc ( bo him xy dng ko c )
- mt cng trnh xy dng c th bao gm c lp t.ch s dng mt loi n bo him ty
vo gi tr ca cng vic xy dng lp t ,
cu 5 trnh by phm vi bo him trong bo him xy dng
phm vi bo him c chia lm 2 loi ri ro c bo him v ri ro khng c
bo him
- ri ro c bo him bao gm :
117
nhng thit hi m cng trnh phi chu; ha hon; n, n ni
hi; thit hi do nc; thin tai; trm cp v my; sp; thiu kinh
nghim hoc s xut (c tng i nhiu, kh lit k ht
c)
- cc ri ro loi tr
loi tr chung cho mi n bo him
Cc tn tht xy ra do trc tip hay hu qu ca chin tranh , nh cng; bi
cng, ni lon hay gin on cng vic theo lnh ca nh chc trch
tn tht do hu qu trc tip ca s ta nhit hay phng x; do hnh ng c
ca ngi c bo him hoc i din cua h; C tnh cht hu qu do chm tr
loi tr ring ca bo him xy ng
tn tht do hng hc c kh hoc in hay nhng trc chc ca my moc xy
dng tr nhng thit hi c tnh cht tai nn; cc tn tht sinh gia t gim gi tr
do hao mn; mt mt h hi ca ti liu bn v chng t thanh ton; mt mt
thit hi pht hin khi kim k; tn tht ca xe c gii luu hnh trong cng l,
cc phng tin thy hay my bay.. (khng cn phi hc k)
cu 6 trnh by phm vi bo him lp t
phm vi ca bo him lp t bao gm nhng ri ro c bo him v nhng ri ro
ko c bo him
nhng ri ro c bo him
nhng ri ro c bo him trong bo him xy dng
li v lp rp phm phi trong thi cng
cc nguyn nhn t bn ngoi nh do co vt no ri vo
cc nguyn nhn ni ti nhu hu qu ca vic thiu linh kin hay l ng ca bn c
bo him hay ngi th 3
118
hu qu do nng v c kh b ri lon c ting rt do thiu du m, hu qu v in li
chp din p sut, ph hy lc ly tm
nhng ri ro ko c bo him
- nhng ri ro loi tr chung trong cc n bo him ( xem trn )
- nhng ri ro loi tr ring trong bo him lp t
- thit hi do thiu st c trc m ngi c trch nghim bit
- thit hi do s hao mn t ngun gc vn c hay do chay th cac cng c b hng trc khi
sa cha
- cc ph tn nhm xa b cc thiu st hoc sa cha nhng sai st v k hoch
- tit hi gin tip nh tin pht theo hp ng thit hi o chm tr..
- lu l c th nhn nhng ri ro loi tr bng cc iu khon b xung nu nhng iu kin
ny c th d kin c mt cch bnh thng nh thit hi o li ln v quan nim tnh
ton hoc k hoch, o ng t hoc gio soay, xy ra bt ng trong qu trnh thao tc vn
chuyn n cng trng
NI CHUNG, CU HI PHN NY KHNG CN HC QU K LM G
Cu 7 thi hn bo him trong bo him lp t
L thi gian bt u trin khai vic lp t cho in khi hon tt v nghim thu. C
th
1. Thi gian trin khai vic lp t
- d my mc t phng tin vn ti xung v tr chun b lp t
- c th tnh c thi gian lu kho trc nhng ko qu 3 thng k t ngy bt
u trin khai
2. thi gian kt thc hiu lc
- khi my mc thit b lp t xong v c bn giao
- sau khi kt thc thi gian chy th ( thi gian chy th ko qu 4 tun)
- thi gian chy th c th l th tnh nng ca my. Th khng ti hoc th c
ti.
lu
119
my trong khi tin hnh lp t m tng phn ca thit b a vo s dng th trch
nhim ca ngoif bo him cng kt thc ti thi im
ring my mc thit b qua s dng th chm t ngay khi lp t xong.

Cu 8: thnh phn ca ph bo him xy dng
Ph bo him l gi ca bo him. i vi bo him xy dng ko th t ra mt t l ph c
nh. Ph bo him c xc nh theo cc ri ro thng thng v cc ri ro c bit gim bt
s ph vi nhng ri ro ko cn thit,
Ph Bo him xy dng gm cc b phn sau.
a. Ph bo him tiu chun
L ph vo him vi cc ri ro tiu chun c quy nh trong n bo him xy
ng,
Ph ny gm 3 b phn
1. Ph c bn l mc ti thiu vi mt cng trinh c tnh trn c s phn nghn
gi tr bo him v tnh cho cc cng vc sau
lu kho nguyn vt liu, time lu kho ko qu 3 thang trc khi xy
dng
xy dng v lp t cng trnh Chy th nu trong xay dng c
thm hng mc lp t
2. Ph ph ng t
120
Da vo tnh cht v nhy cm ca tng loi cng trnh v khu vc c ng t.
nu 2 iu ny cao th t l ph bh cao
C quy nh mc bi thng cao nht cho ri ro ny
3. Ph ph cho ri ro l lut.
b) Ph ph m rng tiu chun
c)
NGH C SCH GIO TRNH TRANG 173 BIT THM, PHN
NY CNG KHNG CN CH NHIU QU.
cu 9: thnh phn ca ph bo him lp t
ging ht ca xy dng (cu 8) ch thay xy dng bng lp t
121
Cu 10: ph bo him tiu chun
l ph bo him i vi cac ri ro tiu chun c bo him quy nh trong
n bo him tiu chun ca cng ty munich re
ph bo him tiu chun bao gm ph c bn cng vi ph ph ng t v
ph ph l lt
trong ph bo him tiu chun ngi ta quy inh nhng ri ro tiu chun .
nhng cng vic c tnh vo cc ph ph v cch tnh ph ph
122
CU 11: Bo him lp t kt thc trong nhng trng hp no?
Tr li:
Bo him lp t kt thc trong cc trng hp sau:
- Khi my mc thit b lp t xong v c bn giao
- Hoc sau khi kt thc thi gian chy th* nhng khng qu 4 tun.
Lu :
- Trong khi tin hnh lp t, nu tng my mc ring bit hay tng phn ca
thit b c a vo s dng th trch nhim ca ngi bo him cng kt
thc i vi my mc hay phn thit b y.
- Ring my mc, thit b qua s dng th trch nhim ca ngi bo him
s chm dt ngay khi lp t xong. Bo him khng nhn bo him cho qu
trnh chy th i vi my mc thit b ny.
*Chy th y ngha l:
- Th tnh nng ca my (c th chy th b phn hoc ton b).
- Chy th khng ti (cho my khi ng chy bnh thng).
- Chy th c ti: cho my chy trong iu kin bnh thng v c ti ti lc t
cng sut thit k. Nu sau 4 tun my vn cha t cng sut thit k th hp ng
bo him vn chm dt hiu lc. Nu ngi c bo him yu cu ko di hiu lc
ca hp ng th ngi bo him c th chp nhn nhng ngi c bo him phi
ng thm ph bo him vi t l cao hn.
123
Cu 12: Gi tr bo him ( GTBH ) v s tin bo him (STBH) trong
BHXD?
1. Gi tr bo him:
1.1. GTBH ca cng trnh xy dng:
C th c chia lm 3 phng php:
- Gi tr khi phc li ton b cng trnh trong trng hp c tn tht => kh
xc nh chnh xc do s bin ng ca gi c th trng.
- GT nh hn hoc bng tn tht ln nht c th xra. => kh tnh ton, gii
quyt, bi thng khi c s c, c bit l tn tht b phn.
- Gi tr d ton ca cng trnh theo HXD => thng c p dng
+ khi k kt HBH, c tnh GT XD ca cng trnh theo HBH => xc nh ph
bh.
+ khi kt thc cng trnh, V s c iu chnh theo gi tr thc t => iu chnh
ph bh cho ph hp
+ trong qu trnh thi cng XD, c th iu chnh gi tr bh ngay m khng cn
phi ch n khi cng trnh hon thnh.
1.2. Gi tr BH trang thit b XD:
- c tnh GT ti thi im tp trung cao nht trong qu trnh XD
- Xc nh GT ca trang thit b theo tng giai on cng vic
- Xc nh ton b GT ca trang thit b cn dng cho c cng trnh
1.3. Gi tr BH my mc xy dng:
=L gi tr thay th tng ng ca my mc c mua mi ti thi im b
tn tht.
=Nu xra tn tht b phn ca my mc => bi thng tin sa cha/thay th m
khng khu tr khon khu hao.
=Ch : c th khng bo him cho my mc c gi tr cn li , 30%
1.4. Gi tr bo him i vi chi ph dn dp:
Ngi BH cn c vo tn tht d kin xc nh chi phi dn dp nh chi ph cn
thit dn dp ph thi XD, t , mnh v, hay chi ph bm nc vt bn
1.5. Gi tr bo him ca ti sn trn v xung quanh cng trnh:
=L gi tr th trng ti thi im k kt HBH
124
2. STBH: khng c thp hn:
- Gi tr y ca cng trnh theo H ti thi im hon thnh vic XD. Bao
gm: vt liu, lng bng, cc ph vn chuyn, nguyn vt liu hay cc hng mc
do ch u t cung cp.
- Gi tr thay th ca trang thit b my mc XD.
125
Cu 13: Gi tr BH v s tin BH trong BH lp t
Tr li:
1. GTBH:
1.1. GT thay th mi ca my mc, thit b mi tng ng phc v cho vic lp t. bao
gm: gi mua gc, cng vi khon ph nh: ph vn chuyn, thu hi quan, ph lu kho, lu
bi, chi ph lp t
Lu :
+ nu c s bin ng v gi c, gi tr ny c th c iu chnh nhng phi trc khi kt thc
thi hn BH.
+ nu STBH < GT ca my mc thit b lp t th khi c tn tht xra s bi thng theo GT thc
t ca my mc, tbi
1.2. Gi tr ca vic XD gm: gi tr ca vic XD nh xng lu kho, vic XD b my
nhng vic XD ny thng c hon tt trc khi lp t my mc, tbi
1.3. Gi tr chi ph dn dp khi c tn tht ( thng c xc nh vo khong t 5-10% gi
tr ca tng s thit hi )
1.4. Gi tr ti sn trn v xung quanh cng trng thuc quyn s hu, kim tra v gim st
ca ngi c BH.
2. STBH:
- Khng c thp hn gi tr y ca mi hng mc ti thi im hon thnh vic lp t
- Gm c: cc ph vn ti, thu hi quan, thu khc v CPL.
Ngi c BH cam kt s tng ( gim ) STBH trong trng hp c s bin ng v NVL,
lng bng hay gi c ( nu c ngi bo him ghi nhn ). Trng hp c tn tht, ngi
BH pht hin ra s tin bo him thp hn s tin l ra phi yu cu th ngi BH s bi thng
theo t l % gia STBH vi gi tr thc t ca i tng bo him khi xy ra tn tht.
126
MC LC
CHNG I KHI QUT CHUNG V BO HIM ................................................................... 2
Cu 1: Cc bin php i ph vi ri ro m con ngi p dng? ______________________________ 2
Cu 2: Nu khi nim v phn tch bn cht ca bo him? _____________________________________ 3
Cu 3: Ti sao ni BH c tc dng lm tng cng cng tc phng, ngn nga ri ro, hn ch tn
tht? ________________________________________________________________________________ 4
Cu 4: Trnh by cc cch phn loi BH: ___________________________________________________ 5
Cu 5: Gi tr BH v s tin BH? Tr gi BH v s tin BH c quan h vi nhau nh th no trong BH ti
sn. _________________________________________________________________________________ 6
Cu 6: Ngi BH, ngi c BH? Ngha v v quyn li c bn ca cc ch th khi k kt hp ng
BH? ________________________________________________________________________________ 7
Cu 7: i tng BH l g? C nhng loi i tng BH no? __________________________________ 8
CU 8: ng bo him, Ti bo him. Cho v d ____________________________________________ 9
CU 9: Ph bo him c xc nh nh th no v ph thuc vo cc yu t no? _________________ 11
CU 10: Nguyn tc trung thc tuyt i trong BH v ngha ca n? __________________________ 12
CU 11: Nguyn tc li ch BH trong BH _________________________________________________ 13
CU 12: Th quyn l g? Tc dng v iu kin thc hin th quyn. Cho v d? _______________ 14
CU 13: So snh BH x hi v BH thng mi _____________________________________________ 16
CU 14: Phn tch cc nguyn tc ca BH _________________________________________________ 17
CHNG II BO HIM HNG HI ....................................................................................... 19
Cu 1: Bo him Hng hi v cc loi hnh Bo him Hng hi ________________________________ 19
Cu 2: Ri ro trong bo him hng hi? ___________________________________________________ 20
Cu 3: Ri ro ph trong BH hng ho vn chuyn bng ng bin l g bao gm nhng ri ro nh th
no? Cc ri ro ph c th c bo him theo nhng cch no? _______________________________ 26
Cu 4: Ri ro loi tr trong BH hng ho chuyn ch bng ng bin theo ICC 1982. _____________ 27
Cu 5: Ri ro c bo him trong BHHH theo ICC 1982: ____________________________________ 28
Cu 6: Tn tht v cc loi tn tht trong bo him? _________________________________________ 31
Cu 7: Nu nh ngha v cho v d v tn tht ton b thc t v tn tht ton b c tnh. __________ 33
8. Mt tn tht nh th no c coi l tn tht ton b c tnh: _________________________________ 34
9. Khi nim v c trng ca tn tht chung _______________________________________________ 35
10. Lut l gii quyt vn tn tht chung? _______________________________________________ 36
11. Cch tnh ton phn b tn tht chung _________________________________________________ 37
12. Phn bit tn tht chung v tn tht ring? cho VD minh ha _______________________________ 39
13 Tn tht chung l g? cho VD minh ha _________________________________________________ 40
14. Trch nhim ca cc bn lin quan khi xy ra tn tht chung ________________________________ 41
Cu 15: Nhng sa i c bn ca qui tc York Antwerp 2004 so vi cc qui tc trc __________ 42
Cu 16: Vai tr cn thit ca bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin _____________________ 43
Cu 17: Cc iu kin bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin do Vin nhng ngi bo him
Lun n ILU ban hnh _______________________________________________________________ 44
Cu18: Cc iu kin bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin ca Anh v ca Vit Nam _____ 45
127
Cu 20: Phm vi trch nhim bo him theo iu kin B ICC 1982 ______________________________ 47
Cu 21: Phm vi trch nhim bo him theo iu kin C ICC 1982 ______________________________ 48
Cu 22: Phm vi trch nhim bo him theo 2 iu kin bo him c bit ca ICC 1982 ___________ 49
Cu 23: iu khon bo him t kho n kho trong bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin.
___________________________________________________________________________________ 51
Cu 24: Cc loi hp ng bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin. ______________________ 52
Cu 25: Mt l hng phn bn, ch hng ch mun bo him hng b t nc bin. Bn t vn cho ch
hng nn mua bo him theo iu khon no, A, B hay C?? Gii thch. __________________________ 53
Cu 26: Ri ro cp bin c c bo him trong iu kin AR ca ICC 1963 hay khng? Nu khng th
n c bo him theo iu kin bo him no? Theo ICC 1982 th c th bo him cho ri ro cp bin
theo nhng cch no? Ti sao? __________________________________________________________ 54
Cu 27: so snh n bo him v giy chng nhn bo him. _________________________________ 55
Cu 28: B h s khiu ni ngi bo him trong bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng bin ___ 56
CU 29: Cc nguyn tc bi thng trong hp ng vn chuyn hng ha bng ng bin _________ 58
CU 30: Bo him thn tu l g? S cn thit phi Bo him thn tu? __________________________ 59
CU 31: i tng bo him trong bo him thn tu? _______________________________________ 60
CU 32: Cc loi hp ng bo him thn tu? S khc nhau gia chng? _______________________ 61
CU 33: Phm vi trch nhim bo him v mt khng gian v thi gian i vi tng loi hp ng bo
him thn tu? _______________________________________________________________________ 62
CU 34: Cc ri ro c bo him theo cc iu kin bo him ca ITC 1995? ___________________ 63
CU 35: Ni dung cc iu kin bo him thn tu theo ITC 1995? _____________________________ 64
CU 36: Ni dung iu kin bo him tn tht ton b TLO theo ITC 1995 ______________________ 65
CU 37: Ni dung ca iu kin bo him min tn tht b phn FODabs theo ITC 1995 ___________ 66
CU 38: Ni dung ca iu kin bo him min tn tht ring, FPA abs theo ITC 1995 ____________ 67
CU 39: Ni dung ca iu kin bo him mi ri ro AR theo ITC 1995 _______________________ 68
CU 40: Khi tai nn m va xy ra, ngi bo him thn tu phi c trch nhim i vi cc tn tht
thit hi no ca tu c bo him ______________________________________________________ 69
CU 41: Cho v d minh ho v phn trch nhim m ch hng phi chu theo iu khon hai tu m
va nhau cng c li. c bi thng cho tn tht ny, ch hng phi tham gia iu kin bo him
no. _______________________________________________________________________________ 70
CU 42: Gii thch phn trch nhim m ngi c bo him phi chu theo iu khon hai tu m
va nhau cng c li trong vn n. ______________________________________________________ 71
Cu 43: Tn tht ca hng ha do tu c bo him m va vo tu khc m c hai tu u c li s
c bi thng bi nhng ngi no? Ti sao? Cho v d minh ha. ___________________________ 72
Cu 44: Theo nguyn tc trch nhim cho cc ch tu s chu trch nhim bi thng tn tht thit hi
cho nhau nh th no? Cho v d minh ha. ________________________________________________ 74
Cu 45: Ph bo him thn tu ph thuc nhng yu t g? Hon ph bo him trong bo him thn tu
c thc hin nh th no? ____________________________________________________________ 75
Cu 46: Trch nhim bo him thn tu s t ng chm dt trong nhng trng hp no? __________ 77
Cu 47: Phn bit trch nhim ca bo him thn tu v bo him P&I trong tai nn m va ca tu c
bo him ___________________________________________________________________________ 78
Cu 48: Cc trch nhim dn s m ch tu phi gnh chu trong qu trnh kinh doanh khai thc con tu
ca mnh ___________________________________________________________________________ 79
Cu 49: Khi qut v s hnh thnh cc hi bo him P&I v cc nguyn tc hot ng ca hi _______ 81
128
cu 50: phn tch nhng im khc nhau c bn ca hi bo him P&I v cc cng ty bo him phi nhn
th. ________________________________________________________________________________ 83
cu 51. Trnh by nhng ri ro c bn thuc nhm bo him P&I. ______________________________ 84
cu 52: nh ngha v c im ca bo him P&I. __________________________________________ 86
CHNG III BO HIM HNG KHNG ............................................................................... 87
cu 1: bo him hng khng l g? cc loi hnh bo him hng khng. __________________________ 87
Cu 2: Trnh by cc ri ro m ngi bo him thn my bay phi chu TN theo QTC v bo him hng
khng nm 1991 ca Vit Nam __________________________________________________________ 88
Cu 3: Trnh by cc ri ro c bo him trong BH trch nhim dn s ca ch hng hng khng i
vi hnh khc, hnh l, t trang v hng ha theo QTC 1991. __________________________________ 89
Cu 4: Trnh by cc ri ro c bo him trong bo him TNDS ca hng hng khng i vi ngi
th 3 theo QTC 1991 __________________________________________________________________ 90
Cu 5: Trnh by cc ri ro loi tr chung theo QTC 1991? trong bo hin hng khng _____________ 91
Cu 6: Ri ro loi tr trong bo him hng ha vn chuyn bng ng hng khng theo ICC 1982? ___ 92
Cu 7: Thi hn bo him i vi hng ha vn chuyn bng ng hng khng theo ICC 1982: ______ 93
Cu 8: Vn gim nh tn tht v khiu ni trong bo him hng khng? _______________________ 94
Cu 9:Vn bi thng tn tht trong bo him hng khng: _________________________________ 96
CHNG IV BO HIM HO HON V CC RI RO C BIT ................................... 97
Cu 1 chng 4: S cn thit ca bo him chy n __________________________________________ 97
Cu 2 chng 4: khi nim v cc ri ro c bo him trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit _98
Cu 3 chng 4: i tng ca bo him ha hon v ri ro c bit l g? Cho v d _______________ 99
CU 4: Ri ro c bn c bo him trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit nh th no? ___ 100
CU 5: Cc ri ro c bit l nhng ri ro nh th no? Cho v d. ____________________________ 101
CU 6: Trnh by cc ri ro c th la chn bo him Theo quy tc bo him ha hon v cc ri ro
c bit ban hnh km theo quyt nh 142/TCQ ngy 2/5/1991 ____________________________ 102
CU 7: Trnh by phm vi trch nhim ca ngi bo him theo quy tc bo him ha hon v cc ri
ro c bit ban hnh km theo quyt nh 142/TCQ ngy 2/5/1991 __________________________ 104
CU 8: Ri ro n trong ri ro c bn c g ging v khc vi ri ro n trong cc ri ro c bit ______ 105
CU 9: Gi tr bo him trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit ________________________ 106
CU 10: S tin bo him trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit ______________________ 107
Cu 11: Ph bo him trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit __________________________ 108
Cu 12: Vn bi thng trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit: _____________________ 110
Cu 13: Ph BH ha hon ph thuc vo nhng yu t g: ___________________________________ 111
Cu 14: Gi tr bo him trong bo him ha hon v cc ri ro c bit? _______________________ 112
CHNG V BO HIM XY DNG V LP T ............................................................. 113
Cu 1: Khi nim v i tng trong bo him xy dng l g? _______________________________ 113
Cu 2: Thi hn BH trong BH xy dng c qui nh nh th no? ___________________________ 115
Cu 3: n BH xy dng? n BH lp t? ______________________________________________ 116
Cu 4: Khi nim v i tng bo him trong bo him lp t _______________________________ 116
cu 5 trnh by phm vi bo him trong bo him xy dng __________________________________ 117
cu 6 trnh by phm vi bo him lp t _________________________________________________ 118
129
Cu 7 thi hn bo him trong bo him lp t ____________________________________________ 119
Cu 8: thnh phn ca ph bo him xy dng _____________________________________________ 120
cu 9: thnh phn ca ph bo him lp t _______________________________________________ 121
Cu 10: ph bo him tiu chun ________________________________________________________ 122
CU 11: Bo him lp t kt thc trong nhng trng hp no? ______________________________ 123
Cu 12: Gi tr bo him ( GTBH ) v s tin bo him (STBH) trong BHXD? ___________________ 124
Cu 13: Gi tr BH v s tin BH trong BH lp t _________________________________________ 126
130

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102 Cau Van Dap

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CNG 102 CU BO HIM

BAN SON THO: ANH 1 K46 - FTU

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