Internal use only

2012/7/21

Security Level:

Design and Test Technologies of a Repeater

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Huawei Confidential

Contents

Introduction to a Repeater Important Safety Notes Survey

Installation
Test

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Introduction to a Repeater
A repeater is an intra-frequency amplification device. It is a relay unit for amplifying signals during the wireless transmission. The basic function of a repeater is to amplify the power of RF signals. The donor antenna of

the repeater in the downlink picks up signals from the existing coverage
area of the donor antenna, isolates the signals outside the bandpass with a bandpass filter, and then transmits the filtered signals to the area to be covered after the signals are amplified with a power amplifier. With the same method in the uplink, signals of mobile phones in the mobile station (MS) within the coverage area are transmitted to the corresponding BTS; in this way, signals between the BTS and mobile

phones are transmitted.

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Types
Downlink LNA unit

RF repeater

Duplexer

Downlink power amplifier unit

Uplink power amplifier unit Wireless modem

Uplink LNA unit Power supply unit

Main control unit

MU amplifier unit

Optical fiber repeater

MU optical module unit

Splitter modem Wireless modem MU Optical fiber Optical fiber Main control unit Power supply unit

Downlink power amplifier unit

Duplexer

RU amplifier unit
Uplink LNA unit Main control unit RU1 RU2 Power supply unit

Main unit (MU)

Remote unit (RU)

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Contents

Introduction to a Repeater
Important Safety Notes Survey

Installation
Test

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Important Safety Notes

Safety requirements on the repeater in engineering applications

Safety requirements on the repeater features

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Important Safety Notes (Continued)

During the repeater power-on, load signals to the repeater if the output port of the master is connected to an antenna or loaded. The load voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the output port must be smaller than 1.5. To prevent electric shocks, do not operate the power supply unit inside the repeater when the power supply is connected. The outdoor antenna at the repeater site must be provided with a reliable lightning protection device, the antenna stand must be provided with lightning rods, and the antenna and feeder must be reliably grounded. Make sure that the repeater supports are installed reliably due to the heavy weight of the repeater. Be cautious when moving and installing the repeater to prevent personnel and the repeater from being harmed by external factors. The downlink signal level input by the wireless repeater must be smaller than or equal to -35 dBm. Otherwise, the repeater is damaged. The signal level input by an optical fiber repeater must be smaller than or equal to 10 dBm.

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Contents

Introduction to a Repeater
Important Safety Notes Survey

Installation
Test

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Survey
I. Signal source selection

CDMA/WCDMA
1. Ec/Io > 6 dB. 2. RxPwr > 70 dBm. The signal strength ranges from 40 dBm to 60 dBm. The best value is 55 dBm. 3. The Ec/Io of the first pilot is 8 dB higher than that of the second pilot.

GSM
Signal strength: The receiving signal strength meets the requirements of the repeater. Traffic: Choose the cell with relatively low traffic as the signal source. Call quality: Lower than level 3. Direction: See through the BTS to ensure a stable signal source.

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Survey (Continued)
II. Isolation of Receiving and Transmitting Antennas Common repeater

Ensure that the isolation (I) of receiving and transmitting antennas is at least 15
dB larger than the maximum gain (Gmax), that is, I > Gmax + 15 dB. ICS According to the repeater performance, the antenna isolation can be 15 dB larger than the Gmax.

III. Determine the required coverage area, devices, installation positions of

the antennas, lightning rods, power supply, and grounding.

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Contents

Introduction to a Repeater
Important Safety Notes Survey

Installation
Test

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Installation
Install the repeater indoor and in places of good ventilation. Make sure the places are free of the interference from devices with strong electricity, magnetic field, and corrosion. If the indoor installation is impossible, install the repeater on an outdoor pole or against the wall. In this case, direct exposure to the sunlight must be avoided. The installation place must be convenient for cabling, cable connection, and the subsequent maintenance. The temperature and moisture of the installation place must be no higher than the normal range of the master unit. Power supply: Stable AC or DC power input must be provided. When the AC power is 220 V, the power input voltage must range from 176 V to 266 V, and the frequency must range from 45 Hz to 55 Hz. For the DC power input, the voltage must range from 48 V to 5 V. Choose the backup battery as the power input to ensure the system reliability. Grounding: The ground cable for the master unit must be at least 16 mm2 and the grounding resistance must be smaller than 5 ohms.

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Contents

Introduction to a Repeater
Important Safety Notes Survey

Installation
Test

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Test

Test tools
Local test software for the repeater (the version number must match the product type) One laptop and one piece of connection cable One spectrum analyzer One optical power meter and two optical pig tails (at the site of optical fiber repeater) One attenuator of 30 dB and one attenuator of 20 dB Several feeder connectors Two soft jumpers Tool kit One telescope, directional antenna, and GPS (at the site of wireless repeater)

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Test (Continued)
Test process for the RF repeater

Connect and check status

Start up and shut down and set operating band/gain

Set parameters for the monitoring system

Test receiving signal strength and adjust donor antenna

Detect power

Test signal strength within the coverage area and adjust the antenna coverage

Adjust uplink gain and test call quality

Recheck interference from BTS and check the receiving and transmitting isolation

End

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Test (Continued)
Test process for the RF repeater

(1) To avoid the large fluctuation of the loss on the radio wave propagation path between the repeater and the donor BTS, both the repeater and the donor BTS must be within the light of sight (LOS). (2) The receiving signal level must range from 50 dBm to 80 dBm for the repeater at the site. (3) Site selection: The repeater site must be between the donor BTS and the coverage hole to ensure that the azimuth between the donor antenna and the service antenna is at least 90.

BTS

Repeater

BTS

Repeater

Figure 6 Appropriate site

Figure 7 Inappropriate site

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Test (Continued)
Test process for the RF repeater
(4) Output power test
Attenuator
Wireless repeater

Spectrum analyzer

(5) If the power within the coverage area cannot meet the requirements, adjust the antennas so that the output power meets the design requirements. (6) The sum of the uplink output noise and the path loss from the repeater to the donor BTS must comply with the repeater specifications.

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Run the local test software

Test (Continued)
Connect RU and set site Set online the MU site and network management parameters and register the RU No.

Measure the received BTS signal level and check the optical power on the direct coupling MU

Test process for the optical fiber repeater

Set the uplink gain to the minimum

Faulty Check the MU state Normal Faulty Check the RU state Normal Test whether the downlink output power meets the design requirements Normal Test signal strength and adjust antenna coverage Faulty Check and repair Check and repair Check and repair

Fine tune the MU and RU uplink gains to ensure a balance between uplink and downlink

Recheck interference from BTS

End

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Test (Continued)
Test process for the optical fiber repeater

(1) Measure the input signal strength of the source cell

Testing relevant parameters is a prerequisite to site test. Parameters such as receiving power of the selected cell are obtained from the test. Make sure the signal from the signal source meet the input requirements of the repeater. Test of receiving power: Check that the devices are connected correctly, disconnect the downlink input port of the MU of the optical fiber repeater, and then connect the signal input port of the spectrum analyzer.
BTS

Spectrum analyzer

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Test (Continued)
Test process for the optical fiber repeater

I. Measure the input signal strength of the source cell Note that whether the input signal is strong enough to cause the input saturation of the previous components in the spectrum analyzer or even the damage of the spectrum analyzer. The BTS power output usually ranges from 33 dBm to 43 dBm. The input RF signal power of the MU of the optical fiber repeater ranges from 0 dBm to 10 dBm. Select a proper attenuator based on the coupling degree so that the signal input to the spectrum analyzer meets the requirements.

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Test (Continued)
Test process for the optical fiber repeater

II. Test the optical path parameters

Procedure: 1. Test the optical transmitting and receiving of the MU. 2. Test the optical transmitting and receiving of the RU. The goal is to check whether the optical path is smooth and check the optical path attenuation. If the optical path is not smooth, choose another optical fiber. If the attenuation of the optical path is too low, it will cause a saturation of the optical module input and affect the demodulation; in this case, attenuators must be added. If the attenuation of the optical path is too high, the input power of the optical module cannot meet the demodulation requirements; in this case, a new optical path must be selected. The input power and output power of the optical module in the optical fiber repeater are as follows: Optical transmitting: 4 dBm to 1.5 dBm Optical receiving: 0 dBm to 10 dBm The optical path test is performed together with the RF test to reduce the round-trips between the MU and the RU.
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Test (Continued)
Test process for the optical fiber repeater

(2) Test the optical path parameters

Connector type for the optical fiber repeater: FC/APC or UPC

Ensure that the connector types match the optical pig tail and jumper.

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Test (Continued)
Test process for the optical fiber repeater

(3) Adjust the uplink output noise level of the MU

BTS

Spectrum analyzer

The sum of the uplink output noise level of the repeater MU and the coupling degree of the BTS coupler must comply with the output noise specifications of the repeater.
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Thank you
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