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SEMINAR ON

DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF PWM CURRENT CONTROL SCHEMES FOR SINGLE PHASE CIRCUIT POWER FACTOR CORRECTION

PRESENTATED

To
Pro S P jain BY SANKER P S MTECH POWER SYSTEM ROLL NO 208232

OBJECTIVES

Linear Current Control, also called Ramp Comparison or Sine-Triangle Current Regulator, uses independent PI error amplifiers to produce voltage references for a triangular PWM modulator. Integral amplifier characteristic minimizes errors at low frequency, while proportional gain and zero placements are related to the amount of ripple:

Active Harmonic Filtering


iL + Ld Is Vs S Cd

id

ILoad Ic + Vd

Vs Is

Step-up converter

Vs
Is wt wt

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF THE PFC CONVERTER

AC source and input filter

Single phase diode rectifier

Switch mode rectifier

DC filter capacitor

L o a d

PWM controllers The block diagram of any PFC converter with PWM controllers as shown in above Fig. It consists of an ac source which is rectified by a single phase diode bridge. This dc voltage is given to switch mode rectifier (boost). The filter capacitor is used to reduce ripple in output dc voltage. The load is connected across the filter capacitor.

BOOST CONVERTER

Switch open

MODE 1 Vs=L (I2-I1)/t1 I=(I2-I1) t1=I L / Vs

MODE 2 Vs- Va=- L (I /t2) t2=( I L)/ (Vs- Va) t1= KT and t2=(1-KT) I= Vs( Va- Vs)/(f VaL) I= VsK/(fL)

Peak to peak ripple voltage across capacitor Vc=(IaK)/(fC) Condition: our supply is sinus Vs=Vsint Then modification of equation I(t)=(KV/(fL)) sint at each tnT ; n=1 to higher values

Va=( Vsint)/(1-k) Harmonic factor HF HF=(actual current-fundamental current)/fundamental current).5 Is = actual current Is1= fundamental current HF=( Is/ Is1-1).5

power factor (Vs Is1/Va Is)cos Cos=angle between fundamental component of V and I

Ie; Substituting equations PF=(1-K)( Is1/ Is) cos Change the value of K, f by PWM method we can control the value of RMS current Is PF HF

The closed loop control has two loops The outer loop is for output voltage regulation whose controller is invariably chosen as PI controller for various controllers. The inner loop is for input current regulation. This loop can change for various controllers.

Vd* PI regulator Vd(actial)

Error

Multiplier

iL*(t)

Currentmode control

Switch control signal

PWM drive

Pulses

iL(measured)

D ILoad +

S Vs s

Cd

VO

IACT
PWM CURRENT CONTROLLER

Switch control signal

DRIVER CIRCUITS

IREF VERROR
MULTIPLIER PI REGULATOR

VACT

VREF

The actual current(iact) compared to the references current(iref) to obtain the current error. The error is then processed through a PI controller to provide a control/modulating signal for the PWM modulator.

B + I act I ref Carrier Fig. 3.1 .linear Current Controller PI control 2 741 + 7 6 4 Pulses

C Comparator

CLOSED LOOP ARRANGEMENT OF PFC CONVERTER


The objective of the closed loop arrangement is to regulate the output voltage as well as unity input power factor and reduce THD in input current.

PFC CONVERTER
PFC CONVERTER

L O A D

iact Current controller iref multiplier limiter

PWM pulses

Voltage controller

Vact Vref

gain

LINEAR CURRENT CONTROL

+ (iact) PI control (iref) + pulses

carrier

The control parameters are tuned to optimize the PWM pulses such that the input current maintains near sinusoidal waveform with reduced %THD.

REFERENCE:
[1]. J.A.M. Bleijs Continuous conduction mode operation of three-phase diode bridge rectifier with constant load voltage IEE Procedings of Electric Power Applications volume 152, No: 2, March 2005, PP no 359-367. [2]. Bhim Singh A Review of Three-Phase Improved Power Quality ACDC Converters IEEE Trans. Ind. Elecro, vol. 51,June2004. [3]. Luigi Malesani and Paolo Tomasin PWM Current Control Techniques of Voltage Source Converters - A Survey. Industrial Electonic, control, and Iinstumentation,1993.proce,IECON 93. Internal conference on 15-19 Nov. 1993 Page(s):670 - 675 vol.2.

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